Trump Picks Ex-congressman Zeldin to Run Environmental Protection Agency

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November 12, 2024
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by Timothy Gardner and David Shepardson (Reuters)  Zeldin voted against Biden's climate change law; Opposed NY goal to ban gasoline-powered cars by 2035; In Congress, Zeldin backed environmental bills 14% of the time  --   U.S. President-elect Donald Trump said on Monday he will appoint Republican former Congressman Lee Zeldin, who often voted against legislation on green issues including a measure to stop oil companies from price gouging, to head the Environmental Protection Agency.

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Trump, a Republican, will likely look to reverse many rules administered by the EPA on the burning of fossil fuels including one curbing carbon emissions from power plants and another slashing such emissions from vehicles.

Trump has said he plans to begin rescinding EPA and Transportation Department vehicle pollution rules on his first day in office and is considering paring back or eliminating EV tax breaks and other incentives.

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Trump also plans to rescind California's ability to set its own vehicle emissions rules, as he did in 2019.

President Joe Biden, a Democrat, reinstated California's authority. Trump will also decide how to spend billions of dollars in EV charging grants.

As a candidate for New York governor in the 2022 election, Zeldin criticized the state's decision to join California's Zero Emission Vehicle program that vows to end the sale of gasoline-powered only vehicles by 2035.  READ MORE

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Excerpt from CNN:  One of Zeldin’s first tasks will likely be starting the process to overturn several of the Biden EPA’s biggest rules on climate, including tailpipe regulations for vehicles and rules aimed at slashing pollution from power plants and oil and gas producers.

Zeldin most recently chaired the China policy initiative at the America First Policy Institute, a nonprofit think tank founded to promote Trump’s agenda, where he had written on national security threats posed by China.

Zeldin on Monday told Fox News that he will pull back “left-wing” regulations and focus on “unleashing economic prosperity” through the agency.

“President Trump, when he called me up, gosh, he was rattling off 15, 20 different priorities, a clear focus. He wasn’t reading off of some sheet, it’s the top of his head. And if I challenged him to give me 50 more ideas of what to do with this agency to improve the economy, I’m confident he would have done that,” Zeldin said shortly after the announcement was made.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Washington Post: “Lee, with a very strong legal background, has been a true fighter for America First policies,” Trump said in a statement Monday. “He will ensure fair and swift deregulatory decisions that will be enacted in a way to unleash the power of American businesses, while at the same time maintaining the highest environmental standards.”

Zeldin, 44, served four terms representing Long Island before losing the New York governor’s race to Democratic rival Kathy Hochul in 2022. A lawyer by trade, he lacks an extensive background in environmental policy.

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During the race for governor, Zeldin criticized many of Hochul’s climate and energy policies. He called for reversing a ban on fracking in New York, and he described her policies pushing for the adoption of electric cars and electric heating “out of touch.”  READ MORE

 

Excerpt fromAgWeb:  He lacks extensive experience in environmental policy, having not served on committees with direct oversight of environmental issues during his time in Congress.

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Zeldin joined Trump and Sen.-elect Dave McCormick in Pennsylvania for a roundtable on agriculture during Trump’s campaign in September. Zeldin praised Trump for addressing the “threat” of foreign entities buying U.S. agricultural land and highlighted Trump’s trade policies, including the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, which prioritized American farmers and strengthened supply chain resiliency.

Of note to the biofuels sector, In November 2015, Zeldin and several other members of Congress sent a letter to EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy expressing concerns about the proposed 2016 Renewable Volume Obligations (RVOs) under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) program. The lawmakers worried that the proposed 2016 RVOs would require blending more ethanol than could be absorbed by the E10 gasoline market, effectively “breaking through” the blend wall. There were concerns that exceeding the blend wall could drive up the price of E10 gasoline for consumers. Ultimately, the EPA did finalize 2016 RVOs that were lower than originally proposed in the RFS statute, but still represented an increase over previous years. The agency attempted to balance the competing interests and technical constraints in the fuel market.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Politico's Power Switch: President-elect Donald Trump blindsided the climate world Monday by choosing a personal ally with a mixed conservation record and little regulatory experience to lead the Environmental Protection Agency.

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At the same time, his past acknowledgments that climate change is real and support for crackdowns on some toxic chemicals don’t entirely match Trump’s campaign rhetoric — even if Zeldin cast a lot of votes against climate and clean air and water legislation.

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The former lawmaker also took an active interest in the health of the Long Island Sound and in empowering EPA to ban harmful “forever chemicals.” And he bucked his party in supporting the Department of Defense’s authority to plan for climate change.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from DTN Progressive Farmer: When it comes to President-elect Donald Trump's nominee to head the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Lee Zeldin, the oil industry and others who have opposed the Renewable Fuel Standard will have a sympathetic ear at the head of the agency.

Zeldin opposed biofuels and the RFS when he served in the U.S. House of Representatives during Trump's first term as well as at the end of President Barack Obama's first administration. In addition, Zeldin has received hundreds of thousands of dollars in political campaign contributions from the oil and gas sector.

Opensecrets.org shows that between 2007 and 2024, Zeldin received $269,608 from the industry.

When it comes to the RFS, Zeldin has joined other House colleagues in sending various letters to the EPA in opposition to proposed volumes increases.

For instance, Zeldin signed a Nov. 4, 2015, letter from 184 House members to then-EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy, expressing concern about the proposed 2016 RFS volumes and asking the agency to keep blending requirements below the "E10 blend wall."

"Increased fuel efficiency has led to shrinking gasoline demand," the letter said.

"This current reality, coupled with an increasing biofuels blending level requirement has exacerbated the onset of the E10 blend wall -- the point at which the gasoline supply is saturated with the maximum amount of ethanol that the current vehicle fleet, marine and other small engines and refueling infrastructure can safely accommodate. We are gravely concerned, however, that despite the agency's recognition of the blend wall, the 2016 proposal acknowledges that it will be breached nonetheless."

The members of Congress also claimed the 2016 volume requirements were not going to be met absent of building out infrastructure to sell more E15 and E85.

"Therefore, this proposal is problematic not only in principle, but it is also impractical since it would take decades, not months, to build out the compatible vehicle fleet and install the necessary retail infrastructure to accommodate the higher blends of ethanol," the letter said.

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During the first Trump administration, Zeldin continued to oppose the RFS. In 2017, Zeldin cosponsored an unsuccessful bill to repeal the law.

Zeldin also signed a letter with 26 other members of Congress on Oct. 3, 2018, to then-EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler expressing "significant concern" about proposed 2019 RFS volumes.

"The proposed RVO would constitute a breach of the ethanol blend wall," the letter said, "jeopardizing automobile reliability and harming American consumers."

The ethanol industry still awaits action either from the EPA or Congress to make national E15 sales permanent year-round.

The 2018 letter signed by Zeldin raises questions about the validity of higher ethanol blends.

"EPA acknowledges that its RVO proposals are intended to increase the use of higher ethanol blends in order to meet the (RFS) mandate," the letter said. "However, blends like E15 and E85 raise concerns and now prove to be impractical and unnecessary."

In response to Zeldin's nomination, Growth Energy CEO Emily Skor said in a statement to DTN, "As Rep. Zeldin moves through the confirmation process, we look forward to discussing how biofuels like ethanol can help unleash American energy dominance and innovation while saving consumers money and maintaining environmental standards."

Geoff Cooper, president and CEO of the Renewable Fuels Association, said in a statement to DTN that ethanol producers are hopeful the Trump EPA will re-examine policies supporting electric vehicles.

"We are hopeful that President Trump's EPA will prioritize efficient implementation of the Renewable Fuel Standard, opening the market to higher-octane ethanol blends like E15, and revisiting regulations that force automakers to ramp up production of costly electric vehicles," Cooper said. "Our nation's economic and environmental goals can be achieved by simply empowering greater use of lower-cost, lower-carbon liquid fuels in more affordable internal-combustion-engine vehicles." 

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As a member of Congress, Zeldin voted against the Inflation Reduction Act that passed the House on Aug. 15, 2022 (https://www.dtnpf.com/…), which included many significant provisions for farmers and ranchers.

The bill that became law spends hundreds of billions of dollars on climate initiatives including programs for climate-smart agriculture and renewable energy projects.

The law also includes hundreds of millions of dollars for installing blender pumps and other infrastructure to expand biofuels blending.

In addition, it created a $1.25-per-gallon tax credit for sustainable aviation fuel for 2023 and 2024.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Midwest Farm Report:  Geoff Cooper, CEO of the Renewable Fuels Association, says former New York congressman Lee Zeldin is not known for supporting biofuels. Now that President-elect Donald Trump has tapped him to run the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, will that change? 

Cooper is optimistic that economic and political dynamics have changed in ethanol’s favor.

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 “Frankly, we think ethanol can check a lot of boxes and meet a lot of goals that the incoming Trump administration has stated whether it’s putting American energy first… leveling the playing field for trade, lowering consumer costs at the pump — those are all things that renewable fuels can help with.”

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In addition, RFA wants to see support for Sustainable Aviation Fuel with a clear path forward on tax credits for SAF production. He says while the U.S. leads the world in ethanol production, we’re at risk of missing out on leading the world in new ethanol uses, such as SAF.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from E&E Daily:  Unlike some of Trump's other Cabinet selections, Zeldin is perceived as one of the less incendiary picks who is expected to lead a deregulatory drive at EPA that Republicans have long pushed for.

Zeldin, who served eight years in the House before running an unsuccessful campaign for New York governor, is not known for his environmental record. He will have to come to grips with a complex agency such as EPA if confirmed as administrator.

“He’s been spending a lot of time getting up to speed on a lot of these different issues," Sen. Pete Ricketts (R-Neb.), a member of the EPW Committee, told reporters following his meeting with the Zeldin on Wednesday.

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Ricketts stopped short of saying he’d certainly vote for Zeldin but said it was a “positive conversation,” adding that the designee assured him he would “follow the law” when it came to biofuel mandates enforced by EPA. How ethanol is treated by the agency is a tricky subject for EPA administrators, who often run into resistance from farm state lawmakers in both parties.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Fox Nebraska:  The presidential transition could impact how Americans get to work and school, as President-Elect Donald Trump has pledged to rollback electric vehicle mandates. That could open the door to more use of ethanol where a key nominee faces questions about his support of biofuels.

The president elect has selected Rep. Lee Zeldin of New York to lead the Environmental Protection Agency.

Supporters of corn-based ethanol have long positioned themselves as a climate friendly alternative to fuel the nation’s fleet. Ethanol gets a boost from the Renewable Fuels Standard, a program administered by the EPA.

While in Congress, Zeldin signed onto multiple letters questioning ethanol policy.

Nebraska Senator Pete Ricketts said he asked the nominee where he stands.

“Lee talked about his past, I asked him directly about his past opposition to biofuels and he responded with ‘hey, I’m for biofuels now’ and he reiterated that Pres. Trump supports biofuels,” Ricketts said during a conference call with reporters.

Nebraska corn growers praise Trump for his support of higher ethanol blends but his administration also granted waivers that frustrated the biofuels industry.

Farmer Jan tenBensel told NTV, “The small refinery exemptions were a huge problem for us during the Trump administration and hopefully a second Trump administration we can address that.”

Ultimately, Ricketts backs Zeldin to lead the EPA as someone who aligns with the conservative push to cut government red tape.

Ricketts cited a number of EPA regulations he would like to see change.

“I’ve talked about the EV mandate already. That’s a regulation that needs to be rolled back. The clean power plan again is going to impact Nebraska directly. Whether it’s going to impact us now or in the future, the good neighbor rule is another one that’s problematic,” Ricketts said.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from DTN Progressive Farmer:  

During a biofuels webinar Wednesday, University of Illinois Agricultural Economist Scott Irwin said a second Trump administration should bring some positive developments for ethanol and corn, as well as some concerns.

Irwin said there is potential for the new administration to address E15 permanently and to reduce expected ethanol and corn demand loss from expanded EV adoption by rolling back CAFE standards that favor EVs.

More broadly, Irwin said Trump's energy policy is likely to include a growth in domestic crude oil production, putting climate change policies on the backburner and the use of tariffs to protect domestic production.

Potential negative implications for corn and ethanol under Trump 2.0, Irwin said, is a revision or rollback of the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act, a continued push by merchant refiners for RFS small-refinery waivers, and the potential for EPA to set renewable volume obligations for ethanol at the E10 blend wall.

In a corn and soybean outlook published on Thursday, CoBank said there is upcoming demand risk for corn in the coming weeks that may be exacerbated by biofuels policy uncertainty.

"There is considerable uncertainty in biofuel policy with the ongoing delay in releasing details on the 45Z clean fuel tax credit and the potential risk of increased small-refinery exemptions from the Renewable Fuel Standard that were more common in the previous Trump administration," according to the report, https://www.cobank.com/….

"The small-refinery exemptions allow specific refineries from having to comply with the RVO (renewable volume obligation) targets. Each of these may curtail demand for corn ethanol during an already difficult time for this industry."

On the bright side, CoBank said, export demand for corn is up with total U.S. export commitments up by 39% with Mexico since the previous year.

Irwin said despite the potential EV pressure on ethanol and corn demand, ethanol production should continue to rise slowly as export demands increase and potential E15 expansion continues.

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BIOFUELS GROUPS

Biofuels groups contacted by DTN say the industry needs the Trump EPA to promote market certainty primarily by putting the RFS back on time.

Based on the current schedule, 2026 RFS volumes would be finalized one year later.

It should be noted the Biden administration's so-called set rule that included RFS volumes for multiple years, set overall volumes at an all-time high.

Scott McPheeters, a Gothenburg, Nebraska, farmer and vice chairman of the Nebraska Ethanol Board, said farmers and biofuels producers need to see Trump "uphold the integrity" of the RFS.

Not only do biofuels interests say they want to see EPA return to the on-time release and finalizing of volumes, but to set volumes that drive growth.

"More specifically, the renewable volume obligations must be set to levels that foster growth of renewable fuels and the EPA should not allow for the abuse of small-refinery exemptions as a method to avoid compliance," McPheeters said.

In addition, he said EPA should "work to unleash" the capability of ethanol-blended fuels to lower costs for consumers and to improve U.S. energy security through year-round E15. McPheeters said the Trump administration should revisit the CAFE standards that mandate EVs, as well.

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RFS VOLUMES FIRST

Brian Jennings, CEO of the American Coalition for Ethanol (ACE), told DTN one of Trump's first actions should be to finalize RFS volumes for 2026 and beyond.

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OPTIMISTIC ON TAILPIPE RULES

On the EV front, Jennings said "we are optimistic" that the Trump EPA could potentially replace Biden-era tailpipe rules that support primarily EVs with a "more practical approach to incentivize clean octane in fuel and the use of higher ethanol blends" in flexible-fuel vehicles.

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The industry needs to see Congress pass legislation to make E15 available year-round across the country and for the Trump administration to "look for creative way to support and promote" E15, Jennings said.

BIOMASS-BASED DIESEL

Paul Winters, director of public affairs and federal communications at the Clean Fuels Alliance America, said his group's top priority is to have "timely" RFS rules that support growth in biomass-based and other advanced biofuels.

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On the E15 front, Cooper said Trump's previous attempts to make sales permanent year-round failed in the courts, meaning federal legislation seems to be the likely path and preferably before summer 2025.

Cooper said the Trump administration should freeze the EPA's light-duty vehicle tailpipe standards until the federal court system decides a number of pending legal challenges to the standards.

"EPA should suspend implementation of the standards -- which effectively serve as a mandate on automakers to build more EVs and far fewer internal combustion engine vehicles -- until it has direction from the courts on a path forward," Cooper said.

"At the same time, EPA should consider restoring previous mechanisms -- or creating new ones -- to encourage and reward automakers for building more FFVs (flexible fuel vehicles), which can run on lower-cost, lower-carbon liquid fuels like E20, E30 and E85."

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And because EPA has "continually failed to properly consider" the role biofuels plays in reducing emissions, Growth Energy said it would like to see the Trump administration "recognize the importance of high-octane liquid biofuels" without favoring certain technologies.  READ MORE

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White House Transportation Fuels Policy renewable volume obligation (RVO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Regulations-State Regulations-Federal New York market forces Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol blend wall EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) environmental policy Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) E85 E15 Department of Defense (DOD) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards Blend wall Aviation Fuel/Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Agricultural Policy
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Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona 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microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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