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Low-CI Feedstock Traceability Critical to SAF Growth, Program Integrity

by Kristof Reiter (Biobased Diesel Daily) The U.S. government’s aggressive SAF goals will present challenges to tracking and verifying feedstock sustainability, demanding new solutions to ensure compliance.  The U.S. government has set major goals to ramp up production of sustainable aviation

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Neste Considers Establishing an Algae Pilot Facility in Spain

(Neste)  Neste, the world’s leading producer of sustainable aviation fuel, renewable diesel and renewable feedstock solutions for various polymers and chemicals industry uses, is aiming to establish an algae pilot production facility in Spain to further strengthen the growth of its

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What Will the SAF Blenders Credit Mean for Operators?

(National Business Aviation Association) Current obstacles to greater availability and use of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) may soon be surmounted in light of new legislation to significantly bolster industry efforts to make SAF more accessible to business aviation operators. ... Effective Jan.

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Plant-Based Ethanol in Petrol to Double to 10% from April

by George Lee (RTE) The plant-based ethanol content of all petrol sold in Ireland is to be doubled from 5% to 10% from the start of April after the required legislation was passed by the Dáil yesterday. ... Fuels for Ireland Chief

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Renewable Fuel Mandates Can Cut Both Ways to Ensure Adequate Diesel Supply

by John Kingston (Freight Waves) ... With renewable diesel and biodiesel becoming ever more important parts of the supply chain, government policies on incentivizing those fuels’ production or mandating their use become significant. David Fialkov, the executive vice president of

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US Ethanol Industry Advocates for Certainty in Canadian Fuel Regs

(U.S. Grains Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine) U.S. Grains Council staff and Ethanol Advisory Team members traveled to Ottawa, Canada, from Jan. 31 to Feb. 2, 2023, to meet with Canadian government officials and private stakeholders to discuss details related to the Canadian

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Charting a Course through Turbulent Times in Latin America

(Biofuels International) Assessing this year’s prospects for biofuels in South America is about much more than just what is happening in Brazil. As a starting point, however, it’s difficult to move pass the country’s recent change of government and subsequent upheaval

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Green Biofuels Launches Ireland’s First Low-Carbon Fuel Terminal

(Biofuels International) UK biofuel supplier Green Biofuels (GBF) has launched Ireland’s first renewable biofuel terminal in a built facility in Cork Harbour. The facility took its first cargo delivery on 11 January. Through its Irish business Green D Project Limited,

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Sweden’s Biodiesel Blend Rate Hit 12-Month Low in December 2022

by John McGarrity (FastMarket) Consumption affected by high cost of renewable diesel --  Sweden’s biodiesel blending rate fell to a 12-month low in December 2022 as the high cost of renewable diesel deterred physical use of the fuel at a time when many blenders had

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Heathrow Airport Calls for Action to Make Aviation Greener

(BBC) The UK's busiest airport has warned the country risks falling behind others in making aviation greener. Heathrow Airport has called for the government to help make sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) more commercially viable in the UK. SAF cuts the amount of carbon

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Japan Opens Comment Period on Updated Biofuel Standards Proposal DEADLINE March 2, 2023

by Erin Voegele (SAF Magazine) The government of Japan on Feb. 1 issued proposed biofuel standards for 2023-2027 that address both ethanol and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). A public comment period is open through March 2, with the new standards scheduled

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A Breakthrough in Using Low-Carbon Biodiesel in School Buses

(The Alliance for Sustainable Schools /PR Newswire) The Alliance for Sustainable Schools (TASS) is pleased to announce that The Harbour School (THS), and their school bus company, Jolly Bus Company (JBC), have begun trialling biodiesel in two school buses. THS is

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United Rallies Businesses and Consumers with New, First-of-its-Kind $100+ Million Sustainable Flight Fund

(United Airlines/PR Newswire) Investment vehicle supports start-ups focused on the reduction of carbon emissions in aviation through sustainable aviation fuel research, technology and production; Fund starts with more than $100 million investment from United and its inaugural corporate partners like JPMorgan Chase,

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Survey Shows Americans Prefer Market Based Approaches, Consumer Choice, and Leveraging Existing Technologies to Best Attack Climate Change

(Diesel Technology Forum/Globe Newswire) New survey results highlight American opinions on strategies to mitigate climate change and the best approaches when it comes to fuels and technologies. “Addressing climate change is a growing focus of governments and the private sector alike. It

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RFA: Minnesota E15 Volume Hits Record

(Renewable Fuels Association/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Sales of E15, a gasoline blend containing 15 percent ethanol, hit a record 171 million gallons in Minnesota in 2022, according to a new Renewable Fuels Association analysis of data from the Minnesota Department of Commerce. This

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EPA: 2 New SRE Petitions Filed, 24 SRE Petitions Now Pending

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA on Feb. 16 released data showing that two small refinery exemption (SRE) petitions have been filed under the Renewable Fuel Standard over the past month. A total of 24 SRE petitions are

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Ernst Leaving 'No Stone Unturned' in Year-Round E15 Advocacy

by Lydia Johnson (Agri-Pulse)  Iowa Republican Sen. Joni Ernst is pressing for legislation allowing use of E15 throughout the year in the face of delayed action from the Environmental Protection Agency.  Speaking on this week’s Agri-Pulse Newsmakers, Ernst discussed her work pressuring the Biden

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RFA to Treasury: Success of SAF Tax Credit Depends on Fair, Science-Based Lifecycle Analysis

(Renewable Fuels Association) The use of science-based, consistent and transparent lifecycle analysis methods will be crucially important in implementing the sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) tax credit under the Inflation Reduction Act, the Renewable Fuels Association said in comments submitted Friday to

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Navigator’s Proposed Carbon Pipeline Struggles to Gain Support in Illinois

by Aydali Campa (Inside Climate News) McDonough County residents are asking officials to stand their ground as Navigator offers payments totaling up to $18.9 million to the county in exchange for its support. -- A farming county in Western Illinois doesn’t

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Sen. Joni Ernst, R-Iowa; Kathy Bergren, Brian Jennings, and Kurt Kovarik on Biofuels Policy and the Upcoming Farm Bill

(Agri-Pulse Newsmakers)  New figures from the Congressional Budget Office added new layers to the farm bill discussion this week Senate Ag Committee member and Iowa Republican Joni Ernst joins Newsmakers to offer her thoughts on the upcoming legislation as well as

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Accelerating Domestic Ethanol Use in 2023

by Brian Jennings (American Coalition for Ethanol)  With its D.C. fly-in happening at the end of March, the American Coalition for Ethanol's CEO is optimistic about the industry's ability to make progress on higher ethanol blends, both E15 and E85,

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ICCT HDV CO2 Study Fails on the Most Important Questions

by Alan Sherrard (Bioenergy International) Recently the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), an independent nonprofit organization founded in 2001 "to provide first-rate, unbiased research and technical and scientific analysis to environmental regulators", released a study on a life-cycle comparison of

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Technology Advances in Liquid Biofuels and Renewable Gas – WS28 Summary Report

(IEA Bioenergy)  IEA Bioenergy held its biannual workshop on 17 October 2022 in Vienna, in conjunction with its Executive Committee meeting (ExCo90). The workshop on ‘Technology advances in liquid biofuels and renewable gas’ was held in hybrid form and was organised

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Italy Condemns EU Plan to Outlaw Fossil Fuel Cars

(Reuters) Italy stepped up its opposition on Thursday to European plans to outlaw the sale of new petrol and diesel cars in 12 years, with the transport minister calling a rapid switch to electric vehicles "suicide" and a "gift" to Chinese

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Pearson Fuels Opens 300th E85 Retail Site

by Kamila Duncan (Pearson Fuels/Rural Radio Network)  Pearson Fuels, the country’s largest E85 distributor, has opened its 300th retail E85 site. The latest addition to the San Diego-based company’s E85 network is located at 8617 Cuyamaca St., Santee, California. “E85 is a

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Senate Committee Considers National Clean Fuel Standard

by Mike Lee (E&E News Climatewire) A federal standard has "enormous potential" if it improves on state-level programs, industry and trade officials told the Environment and Public Works Committee.  --  Senators debated the merits of a national clean fuel standard Wednesday,

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Neste supports ambitious carbon emission standards – but calls for an inclusive approach to decarbonization solutions for heavy-duty vehicles

(Neste)  The European Commission has published its review of the CO2 emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles calling for a 90% reduction of emissions by 2040. Neste welcomes policy actions that will reduce emissions from road transport in Europe, and continues to make

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Government Pledges to ‘Scale up’ Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production

by Ian Taylor (Travel Weekly) The Department for Transport (DFT) has promised a call for evidence on aviation sustainability and a second consultation on sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), repeating a government pledge “to scale up” SAF production amid industry criticism that

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Requirements and Solutions for Pretreatment of HVO Feedstocks

by Veronique Gibon, Wim De Greyt, Jan De Kock, Mark Kellens (Biobased Diesel Daily/Desmet Ballestra) Hydrotreated vegetable oil can reduce the use of fossil fuels and recycle waste streams, but its production requires efficient, flexible, safe, reliable and sustainable pretreatment

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Questions and Answers on the EU Delegated Acts on Renewable Hydrogen

(European Commission) 1. What is the Commission proposing today and what are the objectives of these rules? Hydrogen plays a key role in our European Green Deal and in the REPowerEU plan. Upscaling the use of renewable hydrogen, ammonia and other derivatives will accelerate the

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SAF and the ICAO LTAG Report on Future Trends in International Aviation CO2 Emissions

(Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative) · SAF and the ICAO LTAG Report on Future Trends in International Aviation CO2 Emissions Dr. James Hileman and Dr. Anna Oldani (FAA)  READ MORE

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RFA Testifies in Support of National Clean Fuel Program to Decarbonize Transportation

(Renewable Fuels Association) Implementing a national clean fuel program that incorporates a market-based, technology-neutral approach will be critical to decarbonizing the U.S. transportation sector, the Renewable Fuels Association stressed today at a hearing of the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. “While

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EU Lawmakers Approve Effective 2035 Ban on New Fossil Fuel Cars

by Kate Abnett (Reuters)  The European Parliament on Tuesday formally approved a law to effectively ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars in the European Union from 2035, aiming to speed up the switch to electric vehicles and combat

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Symposium In Japan Encourages Biofuels Use In Transportation Sector

(U.S. Grains Council) Earlier this month, BGA Japan, an international consulting firm, held a symposium promoting the production and use of ethanol by the transportation sector in Japan. The U.S. Grains Council (USGC) has been supporting BGA Japan through providing the

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Gazing Higher: The Quest for E30

by Luke Geiver (Ethanol Producer Magazine) E30 could be the future of ethanol. The blend has so much going for it, even if it's not yet in widespread use. For starters, E30 provides an engine with more octane per gallon

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CO2 Regulation for Heavy-Duty Vehicles Should Recognize Decarbonization Potential of Renewable Fuels

(European Biodiesel Board/Biobased Diesel Daily)  The European Biodiesel Board, together with other members of the European industry, wrote an open letter calling for recognition of the decarbonization potential of sustainable and renewable fuels in the context of the European Commission’s revision

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Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Hearing on the Prospects of Low-Carbon Transportation Fuels and Considerations for a Potential National Clean Fuels Program --- February 15, 2023 --- Washington, DC and ONLINE

Renewable Fuels Association President and CEO Geoff Cooper has been invited to testify next week at a hearing of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. The focus of the hearing is on the prospects of low-carbon transportation fuels

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Ethanol-to-Jet, the RFA Perspective

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) RFA’s view is  that SAF production presents a major new market opportunity for ethanol producers, as the lifecycle carbon footprint of ethanol continues to shrink and the economics of ethanol-to-jet fuel processes continue to improve.

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UFOP Study: Models to Assess Indirect Land Use Change Not Sufficiently Robust

(Union zur Förderung von Oel- und Proteinpflanzen e. V. (UFOP))   Controversial debates about the impact of European biofuel policy on cultivation of agricultural commodities in other regions, i.e. indirect land use change (iLUC), have been underway since the target of 10%

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Louisiana Slams EPA over Lack of Urgency on Carbon-Project Approvals

by Liz Hampton (Reuters)   The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is moving too slowly to allow states to permit and oversee carbon-reduction projects, according to Louisiana's governor, slowing millions of dollars in investments designed to tackle greenhouse gas reduction. Louisiana and other

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Biofuels M&A: 2022 Review & Outlook 2023

by Bruce Comer, Frank Kim, and Zak Putlak (Ocean Park/Biofuels Digest)  The market for buying and selling biofuels plants followed a historic 2021 with a transformational year in 2022, driven by one pivotal biomass-based diesel (BBD) transaction. Overall, seven mergers and

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Trade Groups Want More Incentives for Clean Energy

by Ann Meyer (CSP Daily)  NACS among that that see cost of EV chargers as obstacle to Biden administration’s goals  --  While the Biden Administration aims to take giant steps toward clean energy, three industry trade associations representing convenience stores and

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Will Ethanol Fuel a Low-Carbon Future?

by Craig Bettenhausen (Chemical & Engineering News) After decades of false starts, cellulosic ethanol may arrive just as the chemical and fuel industries clamor for a low-carbon feedstock  -- Cellulosic ethanol has been 5 years away for decades. It’s a trope,

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Senators Ask Biden to Press Brazil President on Ethanol Tariff

by Bill Tomson (Agri-Pulse) When U.S. President Joe Biden meets newly elected Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, known commonly as Lula, Friday afternoon in the White House, several Republican and Democratic U.S. senators are hoping ethanol trade will

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Senate Panel to Consider National Clean Fuel Standard

by Mike Lee (E&E Daily) The Environment and Public Works Committee hearing comes as groups line up to push lawmakers on the idea. -- The Senate Environment and Public Works Committee will hear from ethanol makers, representatives from the trucking industry

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Nine EU Countries Want Low-Carbon Hydrogen Included in Bloc’s Renewables Goals

by Paul Messad (EURACTIV France)  Nine EU member states, including France, have called on the European Commission to include low-carbon hydrogen – produced from nuclear electricity – in the EU’s renewable hydrogen targets. France, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Slovenia, Croatia, Slovakia, Hungary

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Bipartisan Group of Lawmakers Seeks Immediate Action on Year-Round E15

(Renewable Fuels Association)  The Renewable Fuels Association today applauded a bipartisan group of 31 U.S. Senators and House Representatives for urging the Biden administration to quickly approve a petition from Midwest governors to allow the year-round sale of E15 in their states. “We thank

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Cheap Clean Hydrogen? Not so Fast, Energy Giants Say.

by David Iaconangelo  (E&E News)  ... The report throws cold water on the idea that low-carbon hydrogen soon will become a cheap fuel source for a range of polluting industries and argues that the federal government needs to do a lot

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SAF Grand Challenge Team Receives 2022 Secretary’s Achievement Award

(U.S. Department of Energy) Congratulations to the Sustainable Aviation Fuel Grand Challenge (SAF GC) team! On January 24, 2023, the SAF GC team, composed of federal employees from several government agencies, contractors, national laboratory employees, and the Office of Energy Efficiency

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Biofuels’ Driving Forces in 2023 – Energy Security, Emissions and Costs

(Biofuels International) Jeremy Moorhouse, Renewable Energy Analyst, International Energy Agency, outlines what the year ahead holds for the biofuels industry. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, policymakers around the world are evaluating whether biofuels can help balance three competing priorities: energy security,

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Bill to Pump up E-15 Use in Nebraska, Heard by Agriculture Committee

by Doug Kennedy (News Channel Nebraska)  Bill would require more sale of the ethanol blend in Nebraska, and offer grant support for retailers  --- A Nebraska legislative bill seeks to increase the use of E-15 ethanol fuel in the state. 

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Ethanol Industry Details Policy Needs Biofuels Industry Champions Carbon Pipelines under State Legislative Challenges

by Chris Clayton (DTN Progressive Farmer)   Geoff Cooper, president and CEO of the Renewable Fuels Association, isn't holding out much hope for new legislation for biofuels in the new Congress. "If the last few weeks are any indication, we're in

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Biodiesel: Aprobio Presents Favro with a Proposal to Increase the Mixture; MDA Declares Support for the Agenda

by Gabriela Brumatti (Broadcast Agro (Google translation))  The Association of Biofuel Producers of Brazil (Aprobio) has presented to the Minister of Agriculture, Carlos Fávaro, a proposal to increase the percentage of mandatory blending of biodiesel with diesel oil, according to

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Honda to Start Making Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(Stars and Stripes)  Honda Motor Co. is to start manufacturing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Petroleum wholesaler Eneos and major trading house Mitsubishi are considering jointly commercializing supplies of SAF. ... Honda will expand its algae-cultivating business at plants in Japan and overseas,

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DOE Announces $25.5 Million to Improve Biofuels and Bioproducts DEADLINE March 20, 2023

(U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy announced $25.5 million in funding to enable the sustainable use of domestic biomass and waste resources, such as agricultural residues and algae, to produce low-carbon biofuels and bioproducts. This funding will advance

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Traceability and Transparency of Biofuels Markets to Reach New Heights in 2023

(European Waste-Based & Advanced Biofuels Association (EWBABA)/EurActiv) EWABA is very excited to welcome the newly established Union Database for Biofuels (“UDB”) open for economic operators’ registration since mid-January. In a year of major regulatory developments with the expected conclusion of important legislative

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Biden Takes Climate Victory Lap, Slams Big Oil

by Nico Portuondo (E&E News/Politico Pro) President Joe Biden focused his address on the Inflation Reduction Act, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the CHIPS and Science Act, while sparring with Republicans on energy policy. --  ... The president

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Ethanol Executive: Carbon Capture Might Be ‘Life or Death’ for Producers

by Jared Strong (Iowa Capital Dispatch) An increasing demand for low-carbon fuels will imperil ethanol producers unless there is widespread adoption of equipment to capture emissions from ethanol plants, the executive director of the Iowa Renewable Fuels Association said Tuesday. “I honestly

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Hydrogen, rDME and eFuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) It’s been 11 years since we had the very first presenter on the ABLC stage to highlight these technologies, first up was electrofuels. We’ve been covering hydrogen since 2010, solar fuels since the same year,

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Report: Philippines Considers Voluntary Move to E15, E20 Blends

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The government of the Philippines is currently studying the possibility of allowing the use of gasoline blends containing up to 20 percent ethanol, according to a report filed with the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service’s Global Agricultural Information

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PM Modi Rolls out 20% Ethanol-Blended Petrol in 11 States/UTs

(The Hindu/PTI) It has been launched ahead of the planned rollout in April, at the India Energy Week in Bengaluru. -- Petrol blended with 20 per cent ethanol was rolled out on Monday, February 6, 2023, at select petrol pumps

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The Future of Flight in a Net-Zero-Carbon World: 9 Scenarios, Lots of Sustainable Biofuel

by Candelaria Bergero and Steve Davis (The Conversation) ... In a new study, we examined different options for aviation to reach net-zero emissions and assessed how air travel could continue without contributing to climate change. The bottom line: Each pathway has important trade-offs

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Joint Statement of the EU Industry: CO₂ Regulation for Heavy-Duty Vehicles Should Recognise Decarbonisation Potential of Sustainable and Renewable Fuels

(EU Industry Representatives) As European industry, including fuel and automotive suppliers, vehicle manufacturers, dealers, repairers and transport operators we eagerly anticipate the European Commission proposal on the revision of the CO₂ Regulation for Heavy-Duty Vehicles (HDVs). Heavy-Duty transport is a

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Indian Oil to Partner with LanzaJet to Produce Cleaner Aviation Fuel

by Nidhi Verma (Reuters) Indian Oil Corp (IOC.NS) will sign an agreement with LanzaJet to produce cleaner aviation fuel at its Panipat refinery in northern India, the state-run refiner's Chairman S. M. Vaidya told Reuters on Monday. Chicago, U.S.-based LanzaJet helps companies produce aviation

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ePURE: Data Shows EU Must Promote Update of Biofuels

(ePURE/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The EU is still overly reliant on fossil fuels for transport and Member States are lagging behind in efforts to promote renewable energy sources such as sustainable biofuels, according to new EU data. The new figures confirm the

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US, Brazil to Join India’s Global Push to Boost Biofuels Demand

byRakesh Sharma (Bloomberg) Alliance will encourage use of organic waste to produce fuel; Details to be outlined during major energy forum in Bengaluru -- The US and Brazil, two of the world’s largest biofuels markets, are joining an India-led initiative that

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Japan Working with Singapore, U.S. to Procure More Jet Biofuel

by Shinya Matsumoto (Asash Shimbun) Japan is in negotiations with Singapore and the United States to outline a framework for jointly procuring sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The government is hoping to bring the agreement into reality in two to three years as

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New Congress, New Opportunities

by Troy Bredenkamp (Renewable Fuels Association) ...  As the calendar turned to 2023, the 118th Congress began with some significant changes in the legislative landscape. Republicans now have control of the House of Representatives for the first time since 2019. With

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USDA Expects No Actions under Feedstocks Flexibility Program

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) ... The FFP was reauthorized in the 2018 Farm Bill as an option to avoid sugar forfeitures. The program encourages the domestic production of certain biofuels, including ethanol, butanol and other marketable biofuels, from

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Minnesota Governor Aims to Increase Bioincentive Program Funding

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz on Jan. 24 delivered his proposed budget to the state legislature. One provision of the budget proposes to significantly increase funding for the state’s Bioincentive Program. Minnesota’s Bioincentive Program aims to spur

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New EU Data Confirm Europe Needs to Speed up Progress on Renewables by Promoting Uptake of Biofuels

(ePURE) Sustainable crop-based biofuels remain the main source of renewable energy in transport, but are still needlessly restricted in how much they can help meet climate goals  --  The EU is still overly reliant on fossil fuels for transport and Member

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Asiana to Introduce Sustainable Aviation Fuel in Partnership with Shell

by Seo-Woo Jang  (The Korea Economic Daily) SAF will be supplied through Shell network for 5 years from 2026 -- Asiana Airlines Inc. has joined hands with multinational energy company Shell plc to introduce sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), an eco-friendly fuel, to

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Brazil Reinstates Ethanol Import Tariff Making US Product even Less Viable

by Phillip Herring (S&P Global)  Import arbitrage from US closed by around Real 830/cu m ($163/cu m); Competitive relief for NNE mills  -- Brazil's Foreign Trade Chamber (Camex) has reinstated the original 18% import tariff for ethanol by means of letting the

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Domestic Renewable Diesel Capacity Could More than Double through 2025

by Jimmy Troderman and Estella Shi (U.S. Energy Information Administration) U.S. production capacity for renewable diesel could more than double from current levels by the end of 2025, based on several announcements for projects that are either under construction or could start

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B35 Program to Disburse 13.15 Million Kiloliters of Biodiesel

Sanya Susanti and Uyu Liman (Antara) The mandatory Biodiesel 35 (B35) program is expected to distribute 13.15 million kiloliters of biodiesel this year, Deputy for Food and Agribusiness at the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs Musdhalifah Machmud stated. "(The preparation for) the

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Argus Launches World’s First Biofuel Blended Ship Bunker Price

(Argus)  Global energy and commodity price reporting agency Argus today launched the world’s first independently assessed price for ship fuel that includes a biofuel component. The new B24 daily assessment reflects the market value of "bunkers” – as ship fuel

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Walz Includes Biofuel Infrastructure Funding in Budget Proposal

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz has included a proposed $1.5 million in annual in biofuel infrastructure funding in his proposed budget, which was delivered to the state legislature on Jan. 24. The Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association (MN

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Agencies Divided over Carbon Measure for SAF Tax Credit

by Noah Wicks (Agri-Pulse) Federal agencies appear to be divided over which carbon intensity model should be used for an Inflation Reduction Act tax credit meant to grow the fledgling sustainable aviation fuel industry, according to biofuel policy experts. READ

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E85 Fueling Infrastructure Trends: A Decade in Review

by Abby Brown, Haley Erickson, and Emily White (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) This report provides information on ethanol fueling infrastructure and industry trends over the last 10 years. It is informed primarily by ethanol fueling station location data collected through the

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Philippines Mulls Higher Ethanol Blend

by Danessa Rivera -(The Philippine Star) As the Philippines mulls higher voluntary ethanol blends in gasoline, ethanol producers are looking to bump up investments, but imports are still needed to meet this higher requirement. All in all, this will help lower prices

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Roadmap for the Just Energy Transition in Colombia

(La Federación Nacional de Biocombustibles (computer translation)) ... Colombia, like other countries in the world, being aware that the energy transition process has to be fair with workers, consumers, companies, communities and other organizations that contribute to decision-making, strives to

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Ethanol Blog: State AGs Give EPA until End of January to Respond to Year-Round E15 Petitions

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer)  With 270 days now passed since a group of Midwest governors asked EPA to take action to allow their states permanently sell E15 year-round, a group of attorneys general are pressing the agency to act. In

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The President Affirms that Bolivia Will "Gradually" Replace the Importation of Hydrocarbons with the Production of Biodiesel

(Agencia Boliviana de Informacion (Google Translation))  President Luis Arce affirmed that Bolivia will "gradually" replace the import of hydrocarbons with the production of biodiesel, whose first manufacturing plant will be inaugurated within "a few months." On Tuesday, in an interview with

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MPOC Urges EU to Include Palm Oil Wastes and Residues in Bioenergy Use

(UkrAgroConsult) The Malaysian Palm Oil Council (MPOC) has urged the European Union (EU) to include palm oil wastes and residues in bioenergy use. The organisation made its comments following the EU’s new public input session into sustainable biofuels and biogases, which

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Who Should Want More Ethanol in the Pool? Would You Believe Oil Refiners?

by David Hallberg, President (Dakota Ag Energy/Biofuels Digest)  ... Which brings us back to my thesis—as the pendulum swings back to internal combustion engines the quest for low carbon isn’t going to disappear. ... A nationwide E30 Clean Octane standard This  triggered a

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U.S. Department of Energy Awards $118 Million to Accelerate Domestic Biofuel Production

(U.S. Department of Energy) 17 Projects Will Boost Production of Biofuels for Consumer and Freight Transportation in America, Support President Biden’s Decarbonization and Climate Agenda -- The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced $118 million in funding for 17 projects

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Q&A: Oberon Looks Ahead to 2023 after 'Exciting' 2022

(Argus Media) California-based Oberon Fuels became the first company to produce and start selling the first-ever commercial volumes of renewable DME over the past two years. The company has grand plans to expand and help the LPG industry to decarbonise

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Illinois Passes Sustainable Aviation Fuel Tax Credit

by Jacqueline Reigle and Matthew Cope (Argus Media) Illinois state lawmakers have approved legislation to create a $1.50/USG sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) tax credit that airlines can use to satisfy all or part of their state use tax liabilities. The legislation, which

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DA Asked to Probe Use of Palm Olein in Biodiesel

by Alena Mae S. Flores (Manila Standard) The Federation of Philippine Industries said Tuesday the Office of the President ordered the Department of Agriculture to look into the alleged illegal use of imported palm olein in biodiesel. FPI chairman Jesus Arranza said

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HVO Grows in the United States, Is Consumed More than Biodiesel and Threatens Argentine Exports

(Clarin.com  Rural (Google Translation)) The northern country expanded its soybean crush capacity for the production of renewable diesel, which would lead to an extra supply of oilseed meal and a drop in pellet prices. -- The large oil refineries in

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Book: Cooperation between Brazil and Europe: Geopolitical Importance and Perspectives for Innovation

(Konrad Adenauer Stiftung)  The newest edition of the Brazil-Europe relations series is dedicated to the theme of areas of cooperation between Brazil and Europe. The twelfth issue of the Brazil-Europe Relations Series brings a series of articles that analyze some

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Report: Biofuel Consumption in Australia Remains Minimal in 2022

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Biofuel consumption in Australia remained low in 2022. Despite new fuel standards introduced for gasoline on Jan. 1, 2022, the ethanol blend rate did not increase, according to a report filed with the USDA Foreign

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White House Starts Review of EPA’s Passenger Vehicle Emissions Plan

(Inside EPA)  The White House has begun reviewing EPA’s draft proposed multi-pollutant emissions standards for passenger vehicles and some larger trucks, offering the latest indication that the agency is on track to release the plan by the end of March

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Top Ethanol Markets Remain Dependable

by Mackenzie Boubin (U.S. Grains Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine) Working continuously to expand global markets for ethanol, the U.S. Grains Council has identified key priority and second tier markets to grow demand and, ultimately, help U.S. producers export four billion gallons

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ICCT Releases Roadmap for Decarbonizing California In-State Aviation Emissions

(International Council on Clean Transportation/Biobased Diesel Daily) The International Council on Clean Transportation announced Jan. 19 the release of a roadmap for decarbonizing California in-state aviation emissions. The briefing assesses the contribution of passenger civil aviation to California’s aviation-sector emissions and evaluates

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Trucking Down the 2023 Road

by Allen Schaeffer (Diesel Technology Forum) Diesel is the lifeblood of the trucking industry, a familiar refrain to economists, forecasters, and those behind the wheel. What does 2023 have in store for equipment, fuel prices, and policy?  ... More renewable diesel and

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Brazil Favours Ethanol Cars as 2022 Flex-Fuel Vehicles Continue to Overshadow EVs

by Alexandra Chapman (Fastmarkets) Sales of new cars in Brazil that run on flex-fuel – which can include different degrees of biodiesel or bioethanol, or even biogas – continued to significantly surpass electric vehicle (EV) sales in 2022 ... According to data

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Biogas and RNG

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) RNG and it’s companion product biogas have taken the project and sustainable power sectors by storm — there’s project action, fast-developing technology, M&A activity, and policy advances of the first magnitude, in the United States

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Navigating the Future Cost of Mobility: Learning the Lessons from the Recent Past

by Philippe Marchand (Transport Energy Strategies) ... For instance, in terms of the cost of mobility, mighty regulatory decisions like a complete ban of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) from sales as early as 2035 loom in the very near-future

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NREL Develops Systematic Framework to Compare Performance of Plastics Recycling Approaches

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  With only a small percentage of plastics recycled, determining the best way to recycle and reuse these materials may enable higher adoption of plastics recycling and reduce plastic waste pollution. Researchers at the U.S. Department of

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#84. Parsing the Canadian Clean Fuel Regulation Podcast

(Transport Energy Strategies) How will the Canadian Clean Fuel Regulation (CFR) affect the development of and uptake of low carbon fuels in the country? In this webinar-turned-podcast episode, learn from Fred Ghatala, Director of Carbon & Sustainability for Advanced Biofuels Canada

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Podcast: A Blue Clear Sky for Business Aviation

Many business aircraft operators have questions about their obligations under the numerous international regulations governing aviation carbon emissions. “Blue Clear Sky,” a session slated to take place at the 2023 NBAA Schedulers and Dispatchers Conference this week, will cover this important

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Aviation Industry in Crosshairs for Next Biofuel Push

(Roll Call) Aviation accounts for 10 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions — a figure expected to triple by 2050 ...  Trucking industry representatives have raised concerns that a larger reliance on SAF will take away key feedstocks from biodiesel,

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Government Will Promote Production of Raw Material for Biofuels in the Chaco of Tarijeño

(Bolivia Ministry of Hydrocarbons and Energies (Google Translation)) President Luis Arce affirmed this Friday that the national government has a strategy to promote the cultivation of jatropha, a plant from which the oil that serves as raw material for the

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A Foot in the Door:  After a Decade-Plus Pursuit, Some Biomass-Based Power Generators Will Have the Opportunity to Participate in the Federal Renewable Fuel Standard Program

by Anna Simet (Biomass Magazine)   The RFS Power Coalition has been pursuing inclusion of biomass-based power in the federal Renewable Fuel Standard for longer than a decade. ...  Despite a provision in the 2007 statute that that nonliquid fuels—renewable electricity from

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Aviation Leaders Hail Green Fuel as Carbon Saviour, but Wonder Who Will Pay

(EurActiv/Reuters) Greener fuel is the only way airlines will meet strict global carbon emission targets, executives meeting in Dublin this week agreed, but there’s little consensus on who should foot the hefty bill to ramp up production. Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), which

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Opinion: What does the Democrats’ Downgrade of the Iowa Caucuses Really Mean for Ethanol?

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association/Des Moines Register) In the end, the ethanol industry will be just fine. But let’s hope demoting the Iowa caucuses doesn’t mean Democrats are demoting the interests and priorities of rural America. ... Today, some suggest the

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EPA Highlights Need for Tougher ICE Standards in Upcoming Auto Rule

(Inside EPA)  EPA officials are emphasizing that their upcoming multi-pollutant standards for light- and medium-duty vehicles starting in model year 2027 will continue to impose tougher greenhouse gas requirements on internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles even amid a potentially transformative

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EPA: 10 New SRE Petitions Filed, 22 SRE Petitions Now Pending

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA on Jan. 19 released data showing that 10 new small refinery exemption (SRE) petitions have been filed under the Renewable Fuel Standard over the past month. A total of 22 SRE petitions

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Hydrogen in Pipelines: A 'Dangerous Experiment?'

by David Ioconangelo (E&E News/Politico Pro) A new report says that clean hydrogen isn't safe if used in gas pipelines. The industry disagrees.  The Biden administration's support for "clean" hydrogen is igniting a debate about how the fuel would be

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Indonesia and Malaysia Line up against Brussels

(Biofuels International) Malaysia has thrown its weight behind Indonesia’s rebuke of the EU’s Deforestation Regulation. Indonesia’s President Jokowi and Malaysian PM Anwar Ibrahim declared their position during the first meeting of the two leaders on January 9, stating that they “agreed

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Biofuel Usage Expands Despite Rising Costs

(Biofuels International) Global biofuel demand is expected to be 6% or 900 million litres per year (MLPY) higher in 2022 than the previous year. Renewable diesel makes up the largest share of this year-on-year expansion, thanks to attractive policies in the

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Brussels Talks on Sustainable Aviation Fuel Targets Set to Restart

by Helen Massy-Beresford (Aviation Week) ... Late last year, trialog talks—among the European Commission, European Parliament and European Council—resulted in agreement on revisions to the emissions trading system for aviation as part of the broader emissions-cutting Fit for 55 legislation package.

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Sustainable SAF from Corn

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The SAF Grand Challenge is vast. It sets out to achieve a minimum 50% reduction in lifecycle GHG emissions compared to conventional aviation fuel, increase SAF output to 3 billion gallons per year by 2030,

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Gov’t Support Seen Needed to Develop Sustainable Jet Fuel

by Arjay L. Balinbin (Business World) The government must send strong signals that it supports the development of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) in the country through tax incentives and other policies, as a crucial step toward meeting the industry’s target to

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Chile Will Promote the Development of Clean Fuels for Aviation

(Bnamericas/Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications of Chile) This is an automated translation of the press release issued in Spanish  The Ministry of Transport and Telecommunications through the Civil Aeronautical Board ( JAC ) and in conjunction with the Energy Sustainability Agency of the Ministry of

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Air France Increases Ticket Prices to Pay for Sustainable Aviation Fuel

by Tom Otley (Business Traveller) Air France has detailed its increase in ticket prices to pay for sustainable aviation fuel. Vincent Etchebehere, VP Sustainability and New Mobilities at the airline, said that since the beginning of 2022, “French regulations have required us

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Improving the Internal Combustion Engine

by Ron Lyseng  (Western Producer/SASK Today)  Internal combustion engineers, chemists and scientists are planning to squeeze another century out of the machines. Researchers are making progress to allow both diesel and gasoline burners to meet carbon criteria and the future needs ... There

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Ready. Set. Go! The Ethanol Industry Is Poised for Continued Success in 2023

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ... (T)he Renewable Fuels Association remains focused on solidifying year-round access to E15, building export markets and moving incrementally closer to net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. ...  In December, the Environmental Protection Agency proposed

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D.C. Circuit Slated to Hear Case over Extended RFS Compliance Deadlines

(Inside EPA) A panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit is poised to hear oral argument in refiners’ lawsuit targeting EPA’s extended timetable for complying with renewable fuel standard (RFS) mandates, a measure ostensibly

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Raven SR Agrees to Supply Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Japan Airlines

(Raven SR/PR Newswire) Announcement marks one of Raven SR's first agreements in aviation industry for SAF; Agreement to support 10-year supply deal; SAF to be produced from non-combustion conversion of waste to synthetic fuel -- Raven SR Inc. (Raven SR), a

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US Refiners Push One-Year Delay on E15 Petition

by Chris Knight (Argus Media) Shell, Phillips 66 and Chevron are among the oil companies seeking at least a one-year delay, until 1 May 2024, for a fuel specification change in eight states intended to support continued year-round sales of 15pc

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German Minister to Propose Withdrawal from Use of Crop-Based Biofuels

by Michael Hogan (NASDAQ/Reuters)  German environment minister Steffi Lemke said on Tuesday she would soon send proposals to the cabinet for the country to withdraw from the use of crop-based biofuels to achieve reductions in greenhouse gases. “Biofuels stand for land consumption

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China’s Corn-Based Ethanol Fuel Threatens Food Security while Crowding the Market, State Commentary Warns

by Silvia Ma (South China Morning Post)  - China is facing a corn-supply shortfall that could put it at the mercy of imports, even as domestic output has seen sharp increases in the last couple of years; - Beijing has

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USGC: Report Helps Countries Accelerate Transition to Net Zero

(Ethanol Producer Magazine/US Grains Council) In December, the International Energy Agency – the leading intergovernmental organization that provides policy recommendations, analysis and data on the global energy sector – released its Renewables 2022 Analysis. The report is available for use by

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Biodiesel Program Encourages Sustainable Palm Oil Business: Ministry

Sugiharto Purnama, Mecca Yumna (Antara)  The government is pursuing a biodiesel-type biofuel program in a bid to lower dependence on petroleum while concomitantly bringing Indonesian palm oil to a better and more sustainable level. "This biodiesel program is not merely a program

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Exxon’s Own Models Predicted Global Warming. It Ignored Them.

by Chelsea Harvey, Lesley Clark, Benjamin Storrow (E&E News) It’s been seven years since journalists first revealed Exxon Mobil Corp.’s decadeslong efforts to undermine the scientific certainty around climate change, despite knowing how serious a problem it was. Now, a new analysis

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An Over-Belief in Electrification Is Harming the Climate

by Gustav Melin (Bioenergy International/Swedish Bioenergy Association)  ... The energy transition cannot be expedited by support and subsidies  --  However, it is difficult to be re-elected on increased carbon dioxide taxes and more expensive energy prices. That’s no excuse, as there are

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Japan's JR West to Switch All Diesel Trains to Biofuel around 2030

by Koki Izumi (Nikkei Asia)  Biotech company Euglena, trading houses to aid with decarbonization -- West Japan Railway, known as JR West, plans to introduce biofuel in all its diesel trains, which operate mainly on local lines, by around 2030, a

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Estonian Government Extends Support to the Production of Biomethane for Vehicles

(AltFuels) The State extends subsidies for the production of renewable natural gas used for transportation until June 30, 2024, according an order signed by the Minister of Economic Affairs and Infrastructure Riina Sikkut (SDE). The time for subsidies was set to expire

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Govt Working on Policy for Ethanol Pumps, Says Union Minister Gadkari

(Business Standard) Says he will meet with petroleum minister in next 15 days to discuss this  --  Amid concerns that the government’s push for green fuels is incomplete without accessible infrastructure, Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari said on Thursday

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RFA Congratulates Ricketts on Senate Appointment

(Renewable Fuels Association) The Renewable Fuels Association today congratulated former Nebraska Gov. Pete Ricketts on his appointment to the U.S. Senate by new Gov. Jim Pillen. “During his two terms as governor of Nebraska, Pete Ricketts showed tremendous vision and leadership

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SIAM and US Grains Council Sign MoU on Technology Transfer to Support Higher Ethanol Adoption

(Express Mobility) The country aims to double the blend to 20 percent by 2025-26, for which it will need an estimated 2.68 billion gallons or 10.15 billion litres of ethanol.  --  The Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers and the US Grains

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Advanced Biofuels Can Play a Key Role in Delaware’s Effort to Reduce Emissions | Opinion

by Michael McAdams (Delaware Online/USA Today Network) ... Meaningfully reducing emissions from Delaware’s transportation sector will require a more comprehensive approach that embraces both the long-term promise of electric vehicles, along with technologies, such as low-carbon advanced biofuels, to support older,

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Michigan Efforts for Biofuels Tax Credit Continue

by Nicole Heslip (Brownfield Ag News) Michigan ag groups and lawmakers plan to continue work on a biofuels tax credit in the new legislative session. A bill, introduced by Senator Kevin Daley, would have offered qualifying retailers a tax credit for every gallon

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Sustainable Aviation Fuel Plant to Start Production in 2024 in Denmark

(Kosan Gas) The plans to commence production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is well underway in Denmark. Aalborg Airport, Kosan Gas (UGI) and European Energy are working together to establish a pilot plant that will start producing SAF from 2024. A

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Was 2022 a Pivotal Year for BioFuel?

(World Bio Market Insights) Interest in biofuels survived the fossil fuel bonanza of 2022 but there’s still a long road to viability -- The importance of energy to domestic and international politics became more visible than ever before between 2020 and

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California Dairy Digesters

(BioCycle Magazine) The California Dairy Research Foundation (CDRF) and University of California, Davis (UC Davis) CLEAR Center released a new analysis of methane reduction progress titled, Meeting the Call: How California is Pioneering a Pathway to Significant Dairy Sector Methane Reduction. The

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India: Phased Rollout of 20 Per Cent Ethanol Blending to Commence this April

(Economic Times) India has increased ethanol blending in petrol from 1.53 per cent in 2013-14 to 10.17 per cent in 2022 and also advanced its target to achieve 20 per cent from earlier 2030 to now 2025-26. The phased rollout of

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Carbon Capture and Storage: From Dream to Reality

by Patrick Miller (UND Today/EERC Solutions) Nearly 15 years ago, before he became CEO of UND’s Energy & Environmental Research Center, Charlie Gorecki worked on carbon capture systems with an eye on a specific North Dakota industrial facility where he believed carbon dioxide could be

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How Will the Ship of the Future Run?

by Lucie Maluck (mtu Solutions/Rolls-Royce) Sustainable fuels and innovative technologies enable CO2-neutral or CO2-free propulsion concepts for ships. -- ... The only thing that is clear is that in order to meet the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) target of reducing CO2

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Clean Fuels Expresses Frustration with EPA’s RFS Proposal for 2023 - 2025

(Clean Fuels Alliance America) Eighteen Clean Fuels speakers testify at public hearing on the proposed RFS volume  --  Today, Clean Fuels Alliance America and its members testified at the Environmental Protection Agency’s “Public Hearing for RFS Standards for 2023–2025 and

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Rio Grande: Petrobras Tests Bunker with Renewable Content on Transpetro Vessel

(Petrobras/Portos & Mercados (Google Translation)) Petrobras carried out, on Saturday (12/31), the first bunker filling with renewable content in the country. At the Rio Grande Terminal (Terig), in Rio Grande do Sul, the Transpetro vessel “Darcy Ribeiro”, was fueled with the new

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Japan Proposes New Biofuel Standards, Update of Ethanol CI Scores Public Comment DEADLINE January 17, 2023

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The government of Japan is inviting comments on proposed biofuel standards for fiscal years 2023 through 2027. The proposal also includes updated carbon intensity (CI) values for both U.S. corn-based ethanol and Brazilian sugarcane-based ethanol,

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STB Seeks Biofuel Representative to Fill Vacancy on RETAC

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The Surface Transportation Board is seeking nominees to fill nine vacancies on its Rail Energy Transportation Advisory Committee. One of those vacancies is to be filled with an individual representing biofuel feedstock growers or

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Permanent E15 Solution Possible in 2023

by Mark Dorenkamp (Brownfield Ag News)  ... Executive director Brian Werner says the Minnesota Biofuels Association was among several state renewable energy groups recently on a call with EPA to press for approval of a petition filed by eight Midwestern governors

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RFA: EPA’s 2023-2025 RVO Proposal a ‘Firm Foundation’ for Future of RFS

 (Renewable Fuels Association)   Proposed volume obligations for 2023-2025 bolster the Renewable Fuel Standard and provide growth opportunities for the ethanol industry, the Renewable Fuels Association said this morning in verbal testimony provided at an Environmental Protection Agency hearing. “Overall, we believe the proposed

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Who Is Financing Green Shipping?

by Isabelle Gerretsen (China Dialogue Ocean) The international shipping industry is under pressure to decarbonise rapidly, requiring a huge investment drive and policy push from governments -- The shipping industry must invest in new vessels, fuels and infrastructure to achieve its

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Neste to Acquire Used Cooking Oil Collection and Aggregation Business from Crimson Renewable Energy in the United States to Strengthen Neste’s Renewable Raw Materials Sourcing Platform

(Neste) Neste, the world's leading producer of renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel produced from waste and residue raw materials, has agreed to acquire the used cooking oil (UCO) collection and aggregation business and related assets in the United States from

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Never-Opened $300 Million-Plus Biofuels Refinery Facing Foreclosure in Southern Oregon

by Ted Sickinger (The Oregonian/OregonLive) A much-hyped but yet-to-be-completed aviation biofuels refinery in southern Oregon appears to be headed for foreclosure after backers failed to make principal and interest payments on some $300 million in debt. Red Rock Biofuels launched efforts nearly

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policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) 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(synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American Indian/First Nation Tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions NEN 7427-1 neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable diesel pipelines Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/RED III) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) REnova RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program Republic of Congo repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment Reverse Water-gas Shift RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron Ricardo rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solaris Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Southeast Asia Southern Africa Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soy meal soybean hulls soybean prices soybeans Spain spartina specifications Spekboom Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar Sugar Beets/Energy Beets Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugar standards sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw sugars sugars-to-fats sulfur Sumatra sunflower sunflower stalks supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Surface Transportation Board Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum sweetgum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas (synthesis gas) syngas/gas fermentation SYNHH synthesised aromatic kerosene (SAK) synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung Tamarix tank cars tank-to-wheel tanker trucks tankers Tanzania tar sands tariffs taro Tasmania tax benefit tax credits tax incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet 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