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Managing LCFS Credits and Risk in Uncertain Times

by Michael Newman (Parhelion Underwriting Inc./Biofuels Digest)  Trading in the climate finance market – the systems designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions – sometimes create areas of uncertainty. The risk of invalidation of credits worry market participants – but insurance risk

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Trump Administration Moves to Finalize Weakening of Car Efficiency Standards: The White Houes’s Rule Would Cost the Economy $400 Billion by Midcentury, According to a New Analysis from Energy Innovation.

(GreenTechMedia)  An analysis published Wednesday by clean energy advocacy group Energy Innovation found that if the administration does eliminate California’s waiver, costs from the rule change would total $400 billion in 2018 dollars by 2050. By 2035, Energy Innovation projects that

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EPA’s Final SAFE Vehicles Rule under OMB Review

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA submitted its final Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule for Model Years 2021-2026 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks to the White House Office of Management and Budget on Aug. 2. OMB review

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New York Publishes Proposed Rule to Allow E15 Sales

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The New York Department of Agriculture and Markets published a proposed rule July 24 to allow E15 sales within the state. The move will soon open the nation’s fourth largest gasoline market to sales of

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Major Automakers Strike Climate Deal with California, Rebuffing Trump on Proposed Mileage Freeze

by Juliet Eilperin and Brady Dennis (Washington Post)  The agreement could have vehicles hit 50 miles per gallon on average by 2026  --  Four automakers from three continents have struck a deal with California to produce fleets that are more fuel-efficient in

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Trump Admin Abandons Fast Timeline for Rollback — Sources

by Maxine Joselow (E&E News)  The Trump administration appears to have abandoned its initial strategy for defending the rollback of Obama-era clean car rules from court challenges, according to three people with knowledge of the situation. The administration was previously rushing to finalize

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Trump Administration Suspends Obama-Era Fuel Efficiency Penalties

by Jessica Campisi (The Hill)  The Trump administration announced late Friday that it will formally suspend an Obama-era regulation that penalized automakers that didn’t meet fuel-efficiency requirements, Reuters reports. After Congress ordered federal agencies to adjust existing penalties in 2015, the National Highway

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Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards / Greenhouse Gas Standards

by Caitlin McCoy, Robin Just (Harvard University Environomental and Energy Law Program) The Environmental & Energy Law Program is tracking the environmental regulatory rollbacks of the Trump administration. ...  The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in the Department of Transportation (DOT)

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24 Governors Call on Trump to Halt Rollback on Rules for Clean Cars

by  Hiroko Tabuchi (New York Times)  The opposition to one of President Trump’s most consequential regulatory rollbacks — a plan to weaken pollution standards for automobiles nationwide — widened on Tuesday when 24 governors, including three Republicans, urged the president to abandon his plan. The governors’ plea adds

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California Canada Pollution California, Canada Sidestep Trump, Ink Deal on Emissions

(Associated Press) California picked up an important partner its long-running dispute with the Trump administration over vehicle emissions and fuel economy by announcing a deal with Canada to work on pollution reductions. The agreement comes as the state is in a standoff

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How Low Can You Go with Carbon?: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Aemetis

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Aemetis is an international renewable fuels and biochemicals company using patented industrial biotechnology for the construction and operation of advanced biorefineries. They own and operate a 60+ million gallon ethanol plant in California, a 50 million gallon

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EPA's Internal Advisory Board Recommends Investigating Science behind Auto Emission Rollback

by Miranda Green (The Hill)  The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Science Advisory Board (SAB) is recommending a review of the agency's decision to roll back a prominent Obama-era policy on auto emissions. The independent group made up of researchers and scientists wrote in a

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Hemp Is Hot! The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Industrial Hemp

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Holland & Knight, a law firm based in Washington, D.C. and in the know of the fast changing federal regulations and rules, spoke at the Digest’s webinar this week about the road ahead for industrial hemp.

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Taxes and Bans: That Was the Threat California's Top Air Regulator Leveled

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico's Morning Energy) Taxes and Bans: That was the threat California's top air regulator leveled Thursday in the ongoing war over the future of the state's aggressive auto efficiency rules. The Trump administration is seeking to dramatically

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Making America Carbon Neutral Could Cost $1 Trillion a Year

by Ari Natter (Bloomberg Business Week)  Democrats are going all in on green initiatives, but they won’t be easy to pull off. --  ...  We’ll have to stop using vehicles powered by internal combustion engines, abandon most electricity produced by coal, and

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Where Will All the Feedstock Come From?

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  As a new wave of large-scale biomass-based diesel projects develops, experts suggest market forces are ready to deliver the necessary fats, oils and greases.  --  ...Many of these new biomass-based diesel projects intend to produce renewable diesel

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U.S. EPA to Revise Proposed Freeze of Vehicle Fuel Economy Rules

by David Shepardson  (Reuters)  The head of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency said on Thursday the agency would revise its proposed freeze of vehicle fuel economy standards before unveiling its final regulation in the coming months. In August, the EPA and National Highway

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California Sues Trump Administration over Rollback of Emissions Standards

by Bob Egelko (San Francisco Chronicle)  California’s Air Resources Board sued the Trump administration Friday for information that might support the federal government’s claim that its proposed weakening of auto emissions standards would save lives. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency introduced regulations

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The Compelling Case for Biojet Fuel

by Jess Hewitt and Jonathan Lewis (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest)  ... Many people are confused by the term “biojet,” and the many other terms used to describe this “new fuel”. There is a standard specification that describes this product. Turbine (jet)

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Fuel Standards to Prevent Overdependence on Foreign Oil Are Out of Date

by Merrill Matthews (The Hill/Institute for Policy Innovation)  ... President Trump wants to roll back unattainable Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards imposed by President Obama. And he wants those revised fuel efficiency ratings to apply nationwide, including California, according to The Hill. But

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FAA Launches Voluntary MRV Program for US Aircraft Operators Participating in CORSIA

(GreenAir Online) The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has launched the CORSIA MRV Program for US airplane operators with international flights participating in the ICAO carbon offsetting scheme. According to ICAO, it is mandatory for all operators, regardless of the country they are

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Trump Won't Return to Negotiations with California on Fuel Efficiency Rollback, EPA's Andrew Wheeler Says

by Josh Siegel (Washington Examiner)  The Trump administration won’t be returning to the negotiating table with California before finalizing a plan to roll back Obama-era fuel efficiency standards, Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Andrew Wheeler said Monday. Wheeler, in an interview with the Washington Examiner,

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Throw Deep: Heard on the Floor at the Washington Sustainable Aviation Fuels Summit

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Port of Seattle Commissioner Fred Felleman noted:  “Secretary Mabus advised us to set a goal. If it’s good enough for the Navy, it’s good enough for SeaTac airport, and we’ve established a partnership with 13

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101 for Low Carbon Fuel Standard

by Paul Greene (BioCycle Magazine/Montrose Environmental)  California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard, which grew out of the state’s Global Warming Solutions Act, is stimulating markets for biogas, including renewable natural gas --  Biogas project developers and financiers are finding strong offtake opportunities selling

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Biogas To RNG Projects: What, Why And How

by Brad Pleima (BioCycle Magazine/EcoEngineers)  With prices for renewable electricity low in many states, biogas producers are turning to the renewable natural gas marketplace. This road map is a valuable navigation tool.  --  There is a national trend to reposition biogas-producing assets

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White House Presses Automakers to Back Fuel-Efficiency Rollback

by Juliet Eilperin and Brady Dennis (Washington Post)  As the Trump administration races to roll back Obama’s most ambitious climate rule, it lobbies to get industry on board  --  Trump officials thought they were doing the auto industry a favor when they decided to

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Delay in SAFE Rule Disappointing, But Still an Opportunity

(Urban Air Initiative)  EPA’s decision to delay fuel economy rules until “later in the year” provides the Urban Air Initiative an opportunity to continue educating the agency on the benefits of clean octane from higher ethanol blends. Originally the Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient

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New York State Could Help Clear the Air by Approving Sale of E15

(Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  On February 21, EESI submitted comments to New York State supporting the use of E15 in the state to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gases. New York is one of seven states that expressly prohibit

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Talks Break Down Between California, U.S. on Car Mileage, Sources Say

by Ryan Beene (Bloomberg)  Trump administration seeking to roll back Obama-era standards; Cars are a flashpoint in tension between Trump, California  --  Talks between California and federal officials on vehicle emissions and fuel economy standards have broken down without a deal, three people

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Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Upholds California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard

(Environmental Defense Fund/WebWire)  The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals issued a decisive ruling upholding California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard – the state’s landmark program to reduce climate pollution from the fuel used in cars and trucks. The court sided with California on all issues

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U.S. Automakers Push for Deal on Fuel Efficiency Rules

by David Shepardson  (Reuters)  Executives at the major U.S. automakers are pressing the Trump administration and California to agree on standards for fuel efficiency and carbon emissions through 2025, as risks increase that a deadline for setting national standards will pass without

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House Bill Would Repeal CAFE Standards: 

(Bergeson & Campbell)   On January 10, 2019, Representative Roger Williams (R-TX) introduced a bill (H.R. 431) that would repeal the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards. CAFE standards are set by the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) and EPA.

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Overseas Freight Adopts Clean Energy’s RNG for $1/Gallon

by Betsy Lillian (NGT News)  Clean Energy Fuels Corp. has announced it will supply Redeem renewable natural gas (RNG) to intermodal trucking company Overseas Freight as part of an emissions-reduction initiative in the Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles. In preparation

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The Oil Industry’s Covert Campaign to Rewrite American Car Emissions Rules

by Hiroko Tabuchi (New York Times)  When the Trump administration laid out a plan this year that would eventually allow cars to emit more pollution, automakers, the obvious winners from the proposal, balked. The changes, they said, went too far even for

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Throttled and Greens Sue for Auto Proposal Docs

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico's Morning Energy)  THROTTLED: An administration official told Pro's Zack Colman that EPA and NHTSA would reduce its projection for saved lives in its forthcoming finalized fuel economy rule. The reason: The agencies are revising estimates for

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The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide ABLC Guide to Anaergia

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Anaergia is the world leader in solving waste problems by recovering energy, water, and fertilizer from virtually any waste stream. While Anaergia was built on the foundations of highly capable and experienced acquisitions, focused investments on

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Heard on the Floor: Reflections and the Buzz from ABLC Global 2018

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)   It was, at times, not unlike the old trading floor of the Chicago Board of Trade and that was no coincidence, for there was optimism abounding and the deal-talk that flows from a general feeling that

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White House, California to Discuss Vehicle Emissions Rules Next Week

by David Shepardson (Reuters)  California clean air regulators will hold talks next Tuesday with their federal counterparts and the White House over Trump administration efforts to stop Sacramento from adopting tighter vehicle emissions rules than Washington, a spokesman for the state

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Automakers Fight Trump’s Auto Emissions Rollback

by Timothy Cama (The Hill)  Major automakers are pushing the Trump administration to abandon its plan to roll back climate change rules for cars. Companies had emphatically encouraged the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Department of Transportation (DOT) to undo the Obama

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The Trump Administration Flunked Its Math Homework

by Robinson Meyer (The Atlantic)    The administration’s clean-cars rollback is riddled with errors. In one case, it forgot to divide by four. In another, it accidentally deleted 700 billion miles of driving. … The mistakes range in scope from the comical to

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The Complex Dynamics of Coprocessing

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  While oil refiners adding a small percentage of renewable feedstock to their operations sounds simple, the political, economic, technical, societal and market consequences are anything but.  In 2007, at the height of the biodiesel boom, ConocoPhillips and

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EESI Joins Comments on Health, Environmental & Economic Benefits of High-Octane Biofuels +

by Jessie Stolark (Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  ... Automotive manufacturers are expressing interest in raising the minimum octane level of the U.S. gasoline pool as a low-cost compliance option for increasing fuel efficiency. Until now, all MPG gains in the

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The Energy 202: California Says Trump's Fuel Standards Plan Will 'Forfeit Our Best Chance to Fight Climate Change'

by Dino Grandoni (Washington Post)  California is coming out swinging in its official response to one of the Trump administration's most consequential attempts at rolling back regulations to date — to freeze fuel-efficiency standards for cars and trucks through 2026. In a 400-page

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Improving Ethanol’s Outlook: Fuel Economy Standards Help Make the Case for Midlevel Ethanol Blends.

by Chris Bliley (Growth Energy/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ...  Automakers are responding by making smaller, higher-compression engines that demand higher octane. Improved engines are the first step toward achieving mid-level ethanol blends such as E25 and E30. ... E30 would improve fuel economy standards, reduce

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Innovations in Biomass-Based Diesel

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Two ethanol producers are adopting quite different innovative technologies to add value to their corn oil—one making biodiesel with supercritical methods, the other making renewable diesel. East Kansas Agri-Energy’s renewable diesel plant has been

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Senators to Trump Administration: Don’t Challenge California’s Clean Car Standards

(Office of Senator Dianne Feinstein) Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) today was joined by 22 senators in calling on the Trump administration to end its challenge of California’s authority to set vehicle emission standards. The senators represent states that follow California’s standards. "The changes

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US Environmental Protection Agency Aims to Adopt New Fuel Economy Rule by March, E15 Rule by May

by Meghan Gordon (S&P Global Platts) The US Environmental Protection Agency aims to adopt final rules for fuel economy standards by March and year-round sales of higher ethanol blends by May, according to a fall regulatory agenda released Wednesday by the

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CARB Action on LCFS Underscores Need for Ethanol-Supported HOLC Fuels

(Solutions from the Land)  Asserting that they are taking the state's climate fight up a notch, members of the California Air Resources Board (CARB) last week adopted amendments to the state's low-carbon fuel standard (LCFS) that could enhance the role of

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Alternative Fuels Council Helps with RFS RIN Management

by Betsy Lillian (NGT News) The Alternative Fuels Council, a subsidiary of NATSO Inc., a national association representing the travel plaza and truckstop industry, has launched a new service designed to help fuel retailers that blend and sell renewable fuels to more

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With Gas Prices Rising, Sales of Cheaper, Ethanol-Blended Fuels Are Surging in California

by Steve Scauzillo (San Gabriel Valley Tribune/The Sun)  ... But in about 190 stations in California, there exists an alternative: One lone, usually green-colored nozzle delivering E-85, an alcohol blend accepted in 1.3 million “flexible-fuel” vehicles on California roads today. At 85

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California Affirms Auto Rules, Asks Carmakers to Share Compliance Plans

by Darius Dixon (Politico's Morning Energy) The California Air Resources Board on Friday approved a rule warning automakers that they will have to meet the current greenhouse gas emissions standards in California and its allied states, even after the Trump

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Automakers Seek Flexibility at Hearing on Mileage Standards

by Tom Krisher adn Sudhin Thanawala (Associated Press) Automakers sought flexibility while environmental groups blasted the Trump administration’s proposal to roll back fuel economy standards at a public hearing on the plan in the industry’s backyard. At the hearing Tuesday in Dearborn,

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Hog-Waste Plant Clears Hurdle, but New NC Rule Threatens Future Development

by John Downey (Charlotte Business Journal/Mid-Atlantic Bioenergy Council)  Wilmington’s Optima BioEnergy operates North Carolina’s only swine-waste biogas plant and had plans for more. Then regulators three a wrench into those plans. Optima BioEnergy has cleared an important regulatory hurdle to building its

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California Urges Trump Administration to Abandon Fuel Rule Plan

by David Shepardson (Reuters)  California’s top air regulator urged the Trump administration on Sunday to abandon a plan to freeze fuel efficiency standards through 2026, as automakers urged state and federal regulators to reach agreement to extend nationwide rules. Mary Nichols, who

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Finding Pathways for Biofuels Advocates Say State Low-Carbon Fuel Policies Could Drive More Ethanol Demand

by Chris Clayton (DTN The Progressive Farmer)  Just a few blocks from the commotion and crowds at the Global Climate Action Summit, biofuel advocates gathered Thursday to champion more low-carbon fuel standards that could take the country's biofuels industry in new

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EPA Pushes Back on Urban Air Challenge of Faulty Emissions Model

(Urban Air Initiative)  The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has refused to acknowledge it used faulty science and blending practices to paint an inaccurate picture of ethanol emissions in a long-awaited response to the Urban Air Initiative (UAI). In January 2017,

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Understanding the Emissions Benefits of Higher Ethanol Blends: EPA Modeling Fails to Tell the Whole Story.

by Steve Vander Griend (Clean Fuels Development Coalition)  Adding ethanol to gasoline improves it in every way. It lowers carbon, reduces common air pollutants for smog formation, lessens CO2 emissions, reduces sulfur content, and provides clean octane as a replacement

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Making America Great Again Starts with the States

by David Vander Griend (Ethanol Producer Magazine/Urban Air Initiative)  Dave VanderGriend, president of Urban Air Initiative, doesn't mince words in his column this month, calling out EPA for what he says is collusion with the oil industry. --  ... The 15.8 billion

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NATSO Alternative Fuels Council Prioritizes Biodiesel Fuel Quality

by Jeff Hove (Biodiesel Magazine/Alternative Fuels Council) Alternative fuels such as biodiesel represent an important growth opportunity for fuel marketers nationwide. But for many fuel retailers, myriad state and federal regulations and incentives for alternative fuels can be complex and overwhelming. 

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On the Road Again—Legally

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  Just over a year ago the future of B20 in California was uncertain, thanks to in-use requirements of the Alternative Diesel Fuels regulation, but as we’ve seen so many times, the biodiesel industry shone in the

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Farmers Crowd in to Hear Minnesota Governor Candidates

by Don Davis (Forum News Service/Fairbault Daily News)  Minnesota’s five major governor candidates bent over backwards to show they are on farmers’ side during the first forum with them all. ... Farmers and agri-business people were eager to hear what they had to

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Stink, Swine, and Nuisance: The North Carolina Hog Industry and Its Waste Management Woes

by Jessie Stolark (Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  ...  Biogas – Turning Hog Waste into Resources  --  Biogas technologies turn organic wastes, including manure, into energy and compost. When manure is turned into biogas, the smells, poor health effects, and methane

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California Drivers Pay Growing Cost for Climate Program

by David R. Baker (San Francisco Chronicle)  A California program to fight climate change may now add more to the cost of gasoline than the state gas-tax increase that many voters want to repeal. The Low Carbon Fuel Standard, designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions

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Montauk Energy Strikes Biogas Deal with US Dairy Farm

by Lisa Steyn (Buisness Live)  Government incentives spur the JSE-listed firm to transform cow manure into natural gas at dairy farm in California  --  JSE-listed Montauk Energy has struck a deal with a dairy farm in California where it will for the

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California Schemin'

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico's Morning Energy) The Trump administration's proposed freeze of vehicle fuel efficiency standards sought by the Obama administration and plan to end California's power to enforce its own rules has placed the spotlight squarely on the state, where

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Opportunity to Comment on 2018 Virginia Energy Plan DEADLINE: August 24, 2018

(Virginia Regulatory Town Hall/ Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy)  ... The Plan is intended to provide a strategic vision for the energy policy of the Commonwealth over the next 10 years. It is being developed in accordance with Chapter 2

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RFA Welcomes Inclusion of High Octane Fuels in 2021-2026 CAFE/GHG Proposal

(Renewable Fuels Association)  The Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) today welcomed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) request for public comments on how high octane fuels could facilitate engine efficiency improvements and reduced emissions under 2021-2026 fuel economy and tailpipe GHG standards

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The Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles Proposed Rule for Model Years 2021-2026 COMMENTS DUE: EXTENDED to October 26, 2018

(Environmental Protection Agency)  The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) propose to amend certain existing Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas emissions standards for passenger cars and light trucks and establish new standards,

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Trump Administration to Freeze Fuel Efficiency Requirements

by Brady Dennis, Michael Laris and Juliet Eilperin (The Washington Post) The Trump administration on Thursday announced plans to freeze fuel efficiency requirements for the nation’s cars and trucks through 2026 — a massive regulatory rollback likely to spur a legal battle with California

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Daily on Energy: Democrats ‘Pleased’ to Hear from Trump’s New EPA Pick: EPA’S Wheeler Promises ‘50-State Solution’ for New Auto Rules

by John Siciliano (Washington Examiner)   Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Andrew Wheeler confirmed to senators Wednesday that the Trump administration this week will release a proposal to weaken Obama-era fuel efficiency standards. Wheeler, in his first testimony before Congress since replacing Scott

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Proposals to Turn North Carolina Hog Waste into Biofuel Spur Debate

by Catherine Clabby (NC Health News/Carolina Public Press)  Good news about hog waste can be scarce in this swine-rich state. But success at converting swine waste into usable renewable energy seems to be gaining steam. For the first time, this year a bioenergy

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Inside the Draft Auto Rule Rollback

by Alex Guillén (Politico's Morning Energy)  The Trump administration is expected to formally roll back vehicle fuel economy and emissions requirements later this week, and a draft version of the EPA-NHTSA rule posted Friday evening by The New York Times offers

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Extra Administration Analysis Delays Fuel Economy Rules

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico's Morning Energy)  Fuel economy rules from EPA and the Department of Transportation that were widely expected this week will be delayed, as the feds are adding analysis to give them better odds of surviving an inevitable

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When Does Environmental Regulation Stimulate Technological Innovation?

by David M. Hart (Information Technology and Innovation Foundation)  There’s no magic bullet to ensure firms will respond to environmental regulation by innovating. But a literature review shows certain conditions that will raise that likelihood, pointing the way to some important

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Report: Clean Car Rules Coming Soon

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico's Morning Energy)Mark your calendars, readers. An EPA official told E&E News that the Trump administration will propose its plans for weakening Obama-era clean car standards next week. The plan will provide several options for public comment,

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California Regulator Sees 'Window' for Deal on Fuel Economy Rules

by David Shepardson (Reuters) California is ready to work with major automakers on revisions to greenhouse gas emission vehicle rules through 2025 and sees a “window” for a deal in the coming months, the state’s top clean air regulator told Reuters

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More than 100 SC Farmers Apply for Permits to Grow Hemp

by Lisa Weismann (Live5News)  ... The South Carolina Department of Agriculture will select 40 farmers to receive industrial hemp permits. These permits will allow farmers to grow up to 40 acres of hemp. ... Hemp can be used to make products including rope, clothes, food,

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White House to Meet Automakers, California on Fuel Efficiency Rule

by David Shepardson (Reuters)  White House officials will have a new round of meetings with an automakers trade group and California’s “clean air” agency next week before unveiling a proposal to reverse rules aimed at increasing fuel efficiency, participants said on

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Community Fuels Offers ADF-Compliant, NOx-Neutral Biodiesel

(Community Fuels/Biodiesel Magazine)  Community Fuels is the first biodiesel marketer within California to offer NOx-neutral biodiesel using the new Best Corp. BC-EC1c additive. Under the California Alternative Diesel Fuel regulation, biodiesel use is subject to seasonal blend limits unless it meets

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More Stringent Biofuel Standard Suspended: State Officials Issue Waiver until June 30 Because of Shortages of B20 Product.

by Mike Hughlett (Star Tribune)  Minnesota regulators have temporarily suspended a new and more stringent standard for biodiesel use due to shortages of the product. On May 1, the amount of biofuel that must by state law be blended into diesel jumped

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U.S. Agencies Moving forward with Proposing Fuel Economy Revisions

by David Shepardson  (Reuters)  The Trump administration is moving ahead with plans to submit a series of options for softening fuel efficiency standards to the White House for approval in the coming week, two officials briefed on the matter Tuesday said. The U.S.

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Trump Tells World's Top Automakers to Build More Cars in U.S

by Tom Krisher and Ken Thomas  (Associated Press/Chicago Tribune)  President Donald Trump told leaders of the world's top automakers on Friday that he wants to see more cars built in the United States as his administration weighs plans to reduce gas mileage and

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Trump, Top Car Executives Meet Amid Struggle over Climate Rules for Automobiles

by Chris Mooney (The Washington Post)  Executives from top car companies arrived at the White House on Friday amid a looming legal conflict between the Trump administration and primarily Democratic-led states over climate rules for automobiles. “We’ve made a lot of progress in

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If at First You Don't Succeed: The Looming Fight between the Trump Administration and the State of California over Climate Change Rules for Cars

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico's Morning Energy) The looming fight between the Trump administration and the state of California over climate change rules for cars will cover some familiar terrain - where the liberal state and its environmentalist allies have won

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Urban Air Uncovers More Fishy Fuel Testing

(Urban Air Initiative)  Urban Air Initiative uncovered what looks to be more fishy fuel testing. Last year, we called out the Coordinated Research Council (CRC) for using flawed fuel blending practices when evaluating ethanol emissions. These CRC studies matter because EPA often uses

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How Trump Might Make SUVs Pricier in Seattle than Omaha

by Camille von Kaenel (E&E News)  ... The Trump administration's efforts to weaken vehicle pollution requirements could set up a split U.S. market, concentrating fuel-efficient cars in mostly Democratic states and gas guzzlers in the red states. President Trump's plans could

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UPDATE 1-Trump to Meet with Automakers to Discuss U.S. Fuel Rules -Sources

by David Shepardson (Reuters)  The White House is planning a meeting next week between President Donald Trump and senior leaders of major U.S. and foreign automakers to discuss planned fuel efficiency rule changes through 2026, automakers and administration officials said on

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California Considers Carbon Capture, for Ethanol

(Argus Media)   Ethanol producers selling fuel in California may emerge as a beneficiary of a technology often associated with the coal industry. The California Air Resources Board (ARB) has proposed changes to the state's Low-Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) meant to spur projects

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Cars Threaten Climate Goals in Blue States

by Benjamin Storrow (E&E News) ... Transportation emissions threaten to undercut blue states' climate goals, raising questions about their ability to lead U.S. climate efforts at a time when the federal government is rolling back environmental regulations. Emissions from cars, trucks

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EPA Approves First Underground Injection Control Program Primacy for Carbon Sequestration Wells to North Dakota

(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)  Today (April 10, 2018), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced it has approved the State of North Dakota’s request to implement and enforce its own Class VI Underground Injection Control (UIC) program. This marks the first

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California Says a Car-Emissions Deal With Trump Could Be Doable

by Mark Chediak, Ryan Beene, and John Lippert  (Bloomberg)  ‘Reason could prevail,’ chair of Air Resources Board says; State is considering a lawsuit to preserve its options  --  California’s top air-quality regulator sees hope for a deal with the Trump administration over fuel

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Trump to Roll Back Fuel Standards for Cars, Light Trucks -- Ford, GM Positions

by Todd Spangler and Eric Lawrence (Detroit Free Press) ... General Motors said that, regardless of what standard is ultimately set, it remained committed to "improving fuel economy, reducing emissions and an all-electric future," including working on shared and self-driving vehicles which

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EPA Orders Revised CAFE Targets, May Revoke California's Waiver

by Eric Kulisch (Auto News)  Move applauded by auto industry, denounced by other businesses  --  EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt on Monday announced that aggressive light-vehicle fuel efficiency and emissions limits set under the Obama administration for model years 2022-25 are “not appropriate,” triggering

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New Biodiesel Mandate Starts on May 1, Johnson Says Minnesota Is Ready for B20

by Brandon Lewis (KTOE)  Six weeks remain until Minnesota’s new B20 mandate kicks-in on May 1. House Representative Clark Johnson (D-North Mankato) says all evidence points to the state being ready to go ahead with the change. “For farmers it means a higher

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Harmonizing a Three-Headed Regulatory Monster (EPA, NHTSA, CARB)

by Graham Noyes and Doug Durante (Low Carbon Fuels Coalition/Clean Fuels Development Coalition/Biofuels Digest)  ... While not as entertaining to watch as a Godzilla film with a three-headed flying monster, the current regulatory struggle over national auto standards between the US

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EPA Chief Signals Showdown With California on Fuel Emission Standards

by Jennifer A. Dlouhy, Ryan Beene and John Lippert (Bloomberg Politics)  Pruitt warns California isn’t in driver’s seat on car rules; EPA faces April 1 deadline to decide on current requirements  --  The Trump administration’s chief environmental regulator signaled a coming showdown with

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Rick Santorum: Stop the Attacks on Farmers, Homegrown Energy

by Rick Santorum (Washington Examiner)  This January, I authored a column defending President Trump and rural champions in Congress who had come under attack by refineries for their support of American-made biofuels. A Republican Pennsylvania state legislator, Rep. Bob Godshall, doubled down, attempting to

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Ag Policy Blog: Government Confusion Over Ethanol Might Demand Growing Locally

by Chris Clayton (DTN The Progressive Farmer)  ... So you have USDA saying ethanol demand has basically peaked. The Department of Energy is saying ethanol is really the only fuel that can provide the energy and market demands needed in the

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Aviation Biofuels: 10 Years, 100,000 Flights and We’re Still Arguing about Feedstock – Why?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This week marks the 10th anniversary of the first demo flight on biofuel  which was done by Virgin Atlantic. LanzaTech CEO Jennifer Holmgren shared the factoid that, since that day, more than 100,000 commercial flights have used

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10 Years After: Advanced Biofuels’ Status, Opportunities and Challenges

by Lorenz Bauer (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest)   In 2007 the US government established a national strategy for the development of advanced biofuels made using non-edible biomass. After 10 years we are still short of achieving the targets of this plan

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California Gears Up for Trump Battle on Car-Emissions Rules

by Mark Chediak, Dana Hull and John Lippert (Bloomberg)  Official sees ‘war’ if state’s rule-setting rights revoked; Air Resources Board planning zero-emissions bus proposal  --  ...   The state has special authority under the 1970 Clean Air Act to make its own pollution

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California-Trump Administration Fuel-Efficiency Talks Intensify

by David Shepardson (Reuters) California and the Trump administration will hold a series of new talks over fuel efficiency rules as the auto industry still hopes for a deal to retain nationwide requirements. Officials from the California Air Resources Board are set

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U.S. Regulators Meet with California on Fate of Vehicle Fuel Rules

by David Shepardson (Reuters)  Senior U.S. government officials held talks in recent weeks with California’s Air Resources Board (CARB) to discuss the goal of maintaining one set of national requirements for automakers, a move that will determine the fate of vehicle

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The 12: The Advanced Bioeconomy’s 12 Biggest Talking, Fretting, Praying and Action Points Right Now

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... What are the top trends? Here are the 11 we see dominating the debate on the stage and on the floor. Jet fuel deployment – how much, how soon, by whom? California, look up, not down! 

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California Readies $398-Million Green Truck Incentive Package

(Diesel Technology Forum) There are about 950,000 commercial trucks registered in California, and the vast majority are powered by diesel engines. State law says that in 2023 and after, only trucks meeting or exceeding 2011 diesel emissions standards will be able

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Lo-Carb at Ay Speed: The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  There are two approaches to encouraging low-carbon fuels  — volumetric mandates and carbon reduction incentives. What is different about a Low Carbon Fuel Standard — as compared to a Renewable Fuel Standard? There are 4 primary differences. 1. An

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Financing Bioeconomy Ventures, Pt. 10 – Regulatory and Community Concerns in Plant Site Selection

by Daniel Lane and Mindy Collier (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest) However, while business matters are important when determining a location to build and operate a production facility, it’s important to pay close attention to regulatory and community concerns. While it’s certainly possible

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California Mulling Ban on Combustion-Engine Vehicles

by Devin Henry (The Hill)  California regulators are exploring ways to eventually ban the sale of vehicles powered by internal-combustion engines, a top official told Bloomberg News. California Air Resources Board Chair Mary Nichols said the state, led by Democratic Gov. Jerry Brown, is

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Research Progressing on How to Spur Wide Use of Aviation Biofuels

(Penn State News)  Slowed as much by extremely low oil prices as supply-chain and technological challenges, the effort to integrate biofuels into the nation's aviation fuel supply is nonetheless progressing, according to a researcher in Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciences. Sustainable

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California LCFS Guides Advanced Biofuels Industry

by Heather Zhang (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Carbon credit prices recover and multiple new pathways are certified as the state’s program gets back on track.  --  California’s efforts to reduce carbon emissions from the transport sector are racing to make progress

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Ethanol and Biodiesel: Dropping Below the Production Cost of Fossil Fuels?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... As you can see from the hard data, the production cost for ethanol today is $1.22 per gallon, which translates to $51.24 per barrel. Now, on an energy basis — given that ethanol has 67%

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LCFS vs RFS: As Two Contend for the Renewables Heavyweight Championship, Who Is the Greatest? Carbon 2017 Part 2 of 3

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  What is different about a Low Carbon Fuel Standard — as compared to a Renewable Fuel Standard? There are 4 primary differences. 1. An RFS creates a standard, and any fuel that meets that standard can compete

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Automakers Hope to Reach U.S. Deal on 2025 Vehicle Emissions

by David Shepardson (Reuters) A trade group for automakers said on Tuesday it hopes to reach a deal with California and the Trump administration over vehicle fuel efficiency standards. Mitch Bainwol, chief executive of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, a trade group

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What’s New? What’s Happening?: The Digest’s Multi-Slide Guide to California’s LCFS, and the RFS

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In our March Madness series, we’ve been covering emerging markets and technological pathways – now we turn to two other key drivers, market access and carbon pricing. There are two approaches — volumetric mandates and carbon

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CARB Finds Vehicle Standards Are Achievable and Cost-Effective

(California Air Resources Board)  CARB votes to move forward with greenhouse gas reductions and zero emission programs through 2025; action sets the table for accelerating programs post-2025  --  Today (March 24, 2017) California re-affirmed its commitment to clean air, protecting

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Twin Challenges to LCFS Advance in California Courts

by Joshua T. Bledsoe and Max Friedman (Latham & Watkins LLP/Biodiesel Magazine)  Two related cases, advancing in parallel, have the potential to upend California’s low carbon fuel standard (LCFS), whether via full suspension of the LCFS or carving out diesel

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State Board Dismisses Appeal of Delaware City Refinery's Ethanol Project

by Scott Goss (Delaware Online/The News Journal)  An appeal of DNREC's decision to approve the Delaware City Refinery's planned Ethanol Marketing Project failed Monday before it could begin. The Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board voted 5-1 to toss the case, ruling the

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Report: Six States Propose New Electric Vehicle Fees

by Robert Walton (Utility Dive)  The Sierra Club says six states have proposed legislation this year that would add to the cost of owning an electric vehicle, worrying clean energy advocates who say owning emissions-free vehicles should be incentivized rather

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Auto Dealers Want Trump to Weaken Car Emissions Rules

by Timothy Cama (The Hill)  Auto dealers are joining the call from carmakers for President Trump to roll back his predecessor’s aggressive vehicle emissions rules. At the group’s annual meeting in New Orleans, leaders and members of the National Automobile Dealers

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Soup-to-Nuts Review Finds CA Clean Cars Program Working

by Simon Mui (National Resources Defense Council)  The California Air Resources Board (ARB) released a soup-to-nuts review of its Advanced Clean Car (ACC) program today. The 658-page report confirms that the popular program, which establishes smog-forming and carbon pollution limits for

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More Pruitt Highlights

by Anthony Adragna (Politico's Morning Energy)  During the second half of more than six hours of questioning for Scott Pruitt, the EPA pick said he saw no reason to review the agency’s 2009 endangerment finding, the scientific conclusion that climate

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California Here I Come: The Digest’s 2016 Multi-Slide Guide to California Low-Carbon Markets

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  California, the land of milk and honey when it comes to markets for biofuels. What’s up now, what’s coming, what’s working? Low Carbon Fuels Coalition chief Graham Noyes gave this illuminating overview at ABLC Next

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Study: RNG Fuel Use in California Transportation

by Lauren Tyler (NGT News)  A team from the University of California Davis conducted a study for the California Air Resources Board examining the feasibility of producing large quantities of renewable natural gas (RNG) fuels for use in transportation in

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Paradigm Shift in Fuels as Carbon Intensity Surpasses Biofuel Volumes as Key Metric

(Lux Research/MarketWired)  Renewable diesel and conventional electricity lead the race to meet new emissions reduction goals, and diversified energy companies are well-placed, says Lux Research   -- Traditionally policies to promote greener transportation fuels have focused on mandating volumes of

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Massachusetts Heating Oil Delivery Firm Offers B5 UltraClean

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  South Hadley, Massachusetts-based heating oil and propane delivery company Fuel Services Inc. has begun to offer what it calls B5 UltraClean, a blend of ultra-low sulfur heating oil, 5 percent biodiesel and UltraGuard Advanced Fuel

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Tapping Landfills to Generate Power Seemed Smart. So Why Is the Industry Threatened?

by Ralph Vartabedian (Los Angeles Times)  ... The problem began after the AQMD issued a complex 39-page rule requiring that by no later than Jan. 1, landfill methane power plant emissions meet the same standard as other types of engines that use geologic natural gas. The

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A Bridge from City to Country Made of Algae: An Algae Biomass Summit Preview

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... As algae developers struggled to bring down costs within venture timelines, and then as global commodity prices plunged — algae companies began a steady re-focusing on the higher prices available from nutraceuticals and, in the

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Ethanol Blog: Science Improves on Land-Use Change, Biodiesel

by Todd Neeley (DTN-The Progressive Farmer)  Purdue University agriculture economics professor Wally Tyner isn’t exactly ready to discount the theory of indirect land use change, or ILUC, that has been the bane of biofuels’ existence since the creation of the

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Rule Change Proposed to Allow E15 in New York State

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In New York state, the Department of Markets and Agriculture has proposed a rule change that would allow fuel sold at the pump to contain a maximum of 15% ethanol compared to 10% currently. The

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Clean Fuels Law Brings Ethanol to Oregon — But Mostly from the Midwest

by Hillary Borrud (The Oregonian)  Supporters of Oregon's controversial low-carbon fuels mandate, newly approved last year, hailed it as a chance to grow a local biofuels industry and reduce drivers' reliance on imported fuel. But six months into the program, a

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A Grand Bargain? Gov. Jerry Brown in Talks with Oil Companies about Climate Change Programs

by Chris Megerian and Melanie Mason (Los Angeles Times)  Gov. Jerry Brown's administration has been talking directly with oil companies in hopes of reaching a consensus on extending California's landmark climate programs, opening a back channel with an industry the governor has harshly

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California Ponders Changes to Fuel Rules as Tesla Cries Foul

by John Lippert (Bloomberg) ... The rapid growth of Tesla Motors Inc. and the increasing range of other electric vehicles have the state contemplating new requirements that anger both Tesla and competitors like Honda Motor Co. They say California is changing

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Intrexon: Will Its GTL Business Arrive in 2018?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The indictment was handed down this week in The Motley Fool, which averred:  While investors have been told to expect the natural gas-to-fuels platform to be commercialized by 2018, real-world indicators essentially guarantee that won’t be

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US Biofuels Supporters Push Back against MOVES Model

by Josh Pedrick (Platts) ... "We should have included T70 as a metric in the model, it entirely changes the perception of the model," said Shon Van Hulzen, director of quality control at US ethanol producer POET, in a presentation Wednesday. T70

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CARB Issues Update on LCFS Pathway Certification

(California Air Resources Board/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  California Air Resources Board staff has completed review of all ethanol pathway applications submitted on or before Jan. 31, 2016 through the alternative fuels portal (AFP). These submissions included both new applications and requests

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Fact Sheet: A Brief History of Octane in Gasoline: From Lead to Ethanol

by Jessie Stolark (Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  A cornerstone of U.S. environmental policy has been the reduction of harmful tailpipe emissions from cars and trucks. Thanks to EPA regulations of mobile sources, air pollutants have been reduced by millions

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Carbon Intensity Creates Opportunities

by Bernie Hoffman (K-Coe Isom/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The more proactive roles producers take in reducing carbon intensity, the more they will benefit as energy use reduction moves from an incentive to a requirement.  --  ... Carbon intensity and carbon accounting have moved

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Are Low Diesel Prices Hurting Biofuels Companies?

by John O’Dell (Forbes/Trucks.com)  With diesel fuel prices hovering at lows not seen in a decade, the smart money might bet against businesses developing products to replace the diesel engines and technology that keep the nation’s trucks on the road. But entrepreneurs

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A Model of State and Federal Biofuel Policy: Feasibility Assessment of the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard

by Adam Christensen, Benjamin Hobbs (Science Direct/Applied Energy)  Biofuel policy is under near constant review at both the federal and state level. For example, as part of on-going implementation of the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), the California Air

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An Update on Alternate Fuels and Taxes

by John Martin (Fleet Equipment Magazine)  ... The fuel tax credit for LNG was also made in energy equivalency rather than gallons since LNG occupies so little volume. The tax credit will either be calculated on a diesel—gallon equivalency or a

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New Resource for Farmers: A Legal and Regulatory Overview of On-Farm Biodiesel Production in Vermont

(VTDigger.org)  Vermont Law School research commissioned by the Vermont Sustainable Jobs Fund will help reach biodiesel goals of Vermont’s Comprehensive Energy Plan  --  A new report, On-Farm Biodiesel Production in Vermont: Legal and Regulatory Overview, conducted by the Institute for

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Corn Growers' Ethanol Committee Meets with California Officials

(Crop Protection News)  The ethanol committee of the National Corn Growers Association met with California regulators and industry leaders to talk about the economy, reducing greenhouse gases, and producing higher quality blends that can be sold at retail prices. ... Pacific Ethanol's Tom

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California Launches New Fuel Policies in 2016

by Graham Noyes (Biodiesel Magazine/ Keyes, Fox & Wiedman LLP)  California will be the biodiesel market to watch in 2016 as the state implements a diverse portfolio of policies that will directly impact the industry. The state’s landmark greenhouse gas

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RFA Comments on DOE’s Innovative “Optima” Program

by Joanna Schroeder (DomesticFuel.com) The Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) had a call for information on Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines (Optima). The Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) submitted comments stating that the Association agrees that “co-optimization of future

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CARB Releases FAQ on New LCFS Regulations in Advance of Deadline

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ... CARB has said that those meeting the January deadline will be guaranteed a carbon intensity (CI) rating this year. Ethanol pathways will be processed in the first batch, scheduled to be completed by the

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Pushmi-Pullyu: How Do Carbon Prices and Fuel Mandates Work Together in Breaking through a Fossil Fuel Monopoly? Or, Do They?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Sometimes, the set-up of the transition from fossil fuels is as pretty and impractical as Dr. Doolittle’s Pushmi-Pullyu. The Digest investigates.  --  ... For example, a renewable fuel does not qualify under the Renewable Fuel Standard

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DEQ Proposes Last Minute Clean Fuels Tweaks

by Taylor W. Anderson (The Bulletin)  Environmental panel votes today on break for oil companies through 2018, new ethanol models  --  Top environmental regulators are slated to finish rules today that include big changes for Oregon’s Clean Fuels program, three weeks

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Washington State Judge Rules that States Have a “Mandatory Duty” to “Preserve, Protect, and Enhance the Air Quality for the Current and Future Generations”

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Washington state, King County Superior Court Judge Hollis R. Hill issued a groundbreaking ruling that the “scientific evidence is clear that the current rates of (emissions) reduction mandated by Washington law. . . cannot

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Clean Fuels Program’s Next Threat: Disputed Science

by Taylor W. Anderson (The Bulletin)  Climate scientist: policies that encourage biofuels must account for indirect emissions  --  Before starting to implement Oregon’s low-carbon fuel standard , the state must first deal with some math that is both complicated and

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CARB Re-Adopts State’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard

by Ann Bailey (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The California Air Resources Board has re-adopted a Low Carbon Fuel Standard requiring a 10 percent reduction in the carbon intensity of transportation fuels by 2020. “Unlike the EPA, California's Air Resources Board has consistently

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pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 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228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine internal combustion engine/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC 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power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable diesel pipelines Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/RED III) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of 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Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solaris solid oxide fuel 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