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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Takachar

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Takachar is on a mission to fight climate change by transforming massive amounts of waste biomass into marketable products around the world. Takachar has developed

May 29, 2023 Read Full Article

SPIE and C-Green Develop a Modular Plant for the Processing of Sewage Sludge into Biofuel

(Port of Rotterdam)  SPIE Netherlands and C-Green are collaborating on the first Dutch modular plant to convert sewage sludge into biofuel. The innovative system – developed by C-Green – converts wet

May 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Microplastics: The What, Where, Why And Impact

by Craig Coker (BioCycle Magazine)  Among the organics recycling challenges du jour is the potential presence of microplastics in compost and digestate. Two-part article series starts with an overview and

April 27, 2023 Read Full Article

The Road to Lumberton: TerraStar Energy and Emerging Fuels Technology Strike a Deal for Biomass-to-Fuels Scaled to Feedstock

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) …  TerraStar Energy and Emerging Fuels Technology have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to license EFT’s Fischer-Tropsch  and Maxx Jet/Maxx Diesel proprietary technology to build a fleet of FLEXplants; small-scale, modular

April 18, 2023 Read Full Article

Bioenergy Devco Hosts US Senator Cardin at Maryland Bioenergy Center

(Bioenergy Devco/PR Newswire)  Sen. Cardin toured the Maryland Bioenergy Center, the only commercial scale organics recycling facility in the state. —  Bioenergy Devco, a global leader in the design, engineering, construction, financing,

February 13, 2023 Read Full Article

Maybe This Time: Aries Clean Technologies Hits a Milestone in the Never-Ending Battle for a Great Biochar Business

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … You can finance a bioenergy project making gases and solids, so long as your gas is a solid stream, and, solidly sold, and your

August 22, 2022 Read Full Article

New Method Could Potentially Produce Hydrogen from Biogas for $2/kg

(Bioenergy Insight) California-based Kore has developed a new way to produce hydrogen from biogas. It claims the new method could potentially provide hydrogen for less than $2 per kg. “We produce

May 28, 2022 Read Full Article

Verbio Launches $115 Million Renewable Natural Gas, Ethanol Plant in Nevada; Touts Bigger Plans

by Donnelle Eller (Des Moines Register) Calling the technology at a central Iowa biorefinery a game changer, corporate and elected officials marked the start of commercial production of renewable natural gas and

May 9, 2022 Read Full Article

ISU Team Receives XPRIZE Carbon Removal Milestone Award for Innovative Vision to Remove Carbon from the Atmosphere

(Iowa State University)  An Iowa State University research team that helped develop a demonstration-scale pyrolyzer capable of sequestering thousands of tons of carbon dioxide a year has received a prestigious

April 26, 2022 Read Full Article

Bioenergy Devo Closes on $100 Million in New Capital

(Bioenergy Devo/Biomass Magazine)  Bioenergy Devco (BDC), the leading global developer of anaerobic digestion (AD) facilities that transform organic waste into renewable energy and healthy soil products, today announced it has

November 17, 2021 Read Full Article

Closing the Gap in Renewable Energy – the Next 80%?

by Sergey Nuzhdin, Kristen Davis, Meredith Brooks, Ann Carpenter, Pierre Wensel, and Cindy Wilcox, (Cluster for Sustainable Seaweed Solutions (CS3)/Biofuels Digest) .. (A) similar marine “Blue Revolution” is the potential key

November 10, 2021 Read Full Article

Dollars in the Dirt: Big Ag Pays Farmers for Control of their Soil-Bound Carbon

by Rod Nickel and Karl Plume (Reuters)  The biggest global agriculture companies are competing on a new front: enticing farmers to join programs that keep atmosphere-warming carbon dioxide in the soil.

October 25, 2021 Read Full Article

Pluton Biosciences Gets $6.6M in Seed Funding, Bayer AG Soil Deal and More

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  Pluton is a large body of intrusive igneous rock according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, and “breaking ground” and being “ground breaking” is just what Pluton

October 11, 2021 Read Full Article

Blue Hydrogen for Transport in the US: The Transition to Green Hydrogen & the Conduit to Keeping Pace with the EU

by Salim Rahemtulla (PowerTap Hydrogen Fueling Corp./Biofuels Digest)  As the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) indicates in its Hydrogen Program Plan it published in 2020, “Hydrogen, as a versatile energy

September 8, 2021 Read Full Article

Lawmakers from Both Parties Call for Investment in Ag as a Climate Solution

(North America Climate Smart Agriculture Alliance) Thirty lawmakers from both houses of Congress have written a letter urging House and Senate leadership to support an historic, long-term investment in farmers, ranchers

August 6, 2021 Read Full Article

Truly Renewable Energy: The Importance of Organics Recycling in a Decarbonized Future

by Shawn Kreloff (Bioenergy Devco/Biofuels Digest) … But what if we could replace a significant amount of these fossil fuels with renewable natural gas (RNG) or Green Hydrogen created solely

January 19, 2021 Read Full Article

Researchers Aim to ‘Upcycle’ Nutrient Waste on Farms Using Duckweed

by Tim Schley (Penn State News)  New approach to nutrient management could make money for farmers and land managers; Best management practices for reducing runoff and other nutrient losses in

December 3, 2020 Read Full Article

The Art and Science of Codigestion on Dairy Farms

by Nora Goldstein (BioCycle Magazine)  Reinford Farms in central Pennsylvania has been a pioneer in integrating codigestion of manure and food waste on a dairy farm. — … In 2008, Reinford

October 16, 2020 Read Full Article

JKUAT Alumni and Innovator Turns Water Hyacinth into Biofuel

by Patrick Amunavi (farmers.co.ke) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology alumni, and Innovator, Erick Gathirwa Kariuki, has developed a biofuel innovation by harnessing the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) into a bioethanol

January 24, 2020 Read Full Article

Caribou Biofuels, Research Foundation for SUNY Sign Agreement

(Caribou Biofuels/Biomass Magazine) Caribou Biofuels Inc., a company that develops hardware and systems to cost-effectively process biomass, has entered into an agreement with the Research Foundation for SUNY, on behalf of

December 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Global Biogas Industry Leaders Call on Governments around the World to Unlock the Full Potential of Biogas in Addressing the Climate Emergency

(World Biogas Association) -If all barriers were removed, the biogas industry could abate up to 4bn tonnes of CO2 equivalent annually, representing at least 12% of today’s global emissions, by

December 11, 2019 Read Full Article

World-Scale Manure-to-Fuel Facility Has Successful Start-up

(Iogen)  Threemile Canyon Farms’ Oregon facility is steadily producing renewable natural gas  —  Iogen Corporation would like to congratulate Threemile Canyon Farms and Equilibrium for the successful opening and operation

December 5, 2019 Read Full Article

Bioenergy DevCo to Purchase Compost Facility, Build AD Plant

(Bioenergy DevCo/Biomass Magazine) Bioenergy DevCo (BDC), a leading global developer of anaerobic digestion facilities that create renewable energy and healthy soil products from organic material, announced Nov. 21 that it has

November 25, 2019 Read Full Article

Ethanol Blending: UP Govt Distilleries to Supply 53 Million Litres to OMCs

by Virendra Singh Rawat (Business Standard) State-controlled cooperative federation to invest Rs 160 crore on ethanol roadmap  — To enhance the sugarcane value chain in Uttar Pradesh, government-controlled distilleries in the state have lined

October 24, 2019 Read Full Article

Get with the Program: Biogas Producers Struggling to Generate Revenue from Their Digestate

by Ron Kotrba (Biomass Magazine)  Biogas producers struggling to generate revenue from their digestate may find an opportunity to turn this around through the American Biogas Council’s Digestate Standard Testing

September 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Heavenly Trash – Dream in the Sky or Bringing It Down to Earth? Cielo and the Future of Waste to Renewable Diesel

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  …  Find out how Cielo (Waste Solutions) turns trash to treasure, why they love anything with cellulosic fiber, how they plan on becoming a

September 2, 2019 Read Full Article

It’s Time to Rebuild: Farmland as Critical Infrastructure

by Michael A. Fatigati (Vantaggio Renewables/Biofuels Digest)  … We believe that one of our nation’s important natural resources, while protected in some ways, is being neglected to our peril and

August 21, 2019 Read Full Article

“I Am Not Charcoal.” – Sincerely, Biochar: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Biochar

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  On a recent Digest webinar, we heard all about biochar. The science. The markets. The technology. The results. The needs. And much more. If you missed

August 5, 2019 Read Full Article

VERBIO North America Finds New Site for Planned Kansas Biogas Plant after Community Upset with Original Plan

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  … The zoning change coupled with a conditional use permit would have allowed VNA to construct its first US biomethane production facility. It was anticipated that

January 10, 2019 Read Full Article

New Study Touts Agricultural, Environmental Benefits of Biochar

(North Dakota State University/Phys.Org)  The many benefits of a biomass-made material called biochar are highlighted in a new publication in which Ghasideh Pourhashem, assistant professor at NDSU’s Department of Coatings and

December 21, 2018 Read Full Article

Activating the Right Bacteria: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to 3Bar Biologics

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  3Bar Biologics’ Bio-YIELD uses naturally occurring microbes that are precisely matched to specific crops and soil environments. These microbes were discovered and isolated during a 15-year

November 14, 2018 Read Full Article

Resilience through Regional Partnership: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to the SPARC Consortium

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Southeastern Partnership for Advanced Renewables from Carinata (SPARC) is a consortium consisting of the University of Florida (lead), the University of South Florida, the University of Georgia,

September 20, 2018 Read Full Article

United States Biochar Initiative 2018 Conference: “The Carbon Link in Watershed Ecosystem Services” Stories from Stockholm to Virginia

by Bill Keba* (Advanced Biofuels USA)   My wife checked my fishing gear upon learning that I was attending the Biochar 2018 Conference in Wilmington, Delaware. Why? She thought I made

September 10, 2018 Read Full Article

NCDA&CS Grant Supports Research of Biochar Combined with AD

(Appalachian State University/Biomass Magazine)  Thanks to a $98,599 grant from the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCDA&CS), a team of professors in Appalachian State University’s Department of Sustainable Technology and

July 11, 2018 Read Full Article

High Tech Algae Farming Industry Gets Boost with Introduction of Bipartisan Algae Agriculture Act of 2018

(Algae Biomass Organization/Globe Newswire)  The Algae Biomass Organization (ABO), the trade association for the algae industry, today applauded the introduction of the Algae Agriculture Act of 2018, a bill that would give algae

March 23, 2018 Read Full Article

Leveraging the Power of Algae: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to Algenol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Algenol is a global, industrial biotechnology company that is commercializing its patented algae technology platform for production of ethanol and other biofuels, chemicals and biobased materials.

March 13, 2018 Read Full Article

N.C. Bioenergy Research Initiative Announces Grant Recipients

(North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The N.C. Bioenergy Research Initiative recently awarded $1 million in grants for 11 research projects to boost bioenergy opportunities and production

January 5, 2018 Read Full Article

The FBA Organizes a Series of Finnish Biochar Workshops, Posts Selected Presentations

(Suomenbiohiili.info)  … The 2nd Finnish Biochar Workshop was successfully held in Tampere on 4 December 2017, we had participants representing the whole Finnish biochar sector: companies, researchers and local municipalities.

December 29, 2017 Read Full Article

Biomass Pyrolysis Comes of Age

by Lorenz Bauer (Lee Enterprises Consulting, Inc./Biofuels Digest)  After many years of development biomass pyrolysis is finally maturing as a commercial technology. Pyrolysis is not incineration. The goal is to use

June 9, 2017 Read Full Article

Turning Chicken Poop and Weeds into Biofuel

(American Chemical Society/EurekAlert!)  Chicken is a favorite, inexpensive meat across the globe. But the bird’s popularity results in a lot of waste that can pollute soil and water. One strategy

May 3, 2017 Read Full Article

Corn with a Cover of Grass: Finding Best Combination for Biofuel Corn, Soil Protection

(Phys.Org)  … Taking up this double-edged sword is Cynthia Bartel, a doctoral candidate at Iowa State University. She’s finding a way to lessen the harm and increase the benefits of removing

April 28, 2017 Read Full Article

Vega Biofuels to Provide Biochar to Alaska’s Legal Cannabis Industry

(Vega Biofuels)  Vega Biofuels, Inc. (OTCPink:VGPR) announced today that it has signed a five year Agreement to provide the Company’s Biochar to legal cannabis growers in Alaska.  The state of

March 7, 2017 Read Full Article

Heard on the Floor: Disruptive Technology, Feedstocks under the Microscope at ABLC 2017’s Opening Day

by Helena Tavares Kennedy  (Biofuels Digest)  … While there were big questions, there were big answers, beginning with a panel on The Sustainable Agriculture Imperative. John Pieper from Dupont Industrial Biosciences

March 2, 2017 Read Full Article

An Overview of the Current Biochar and Activated Carbon Markets

by Hugh McLaughlin (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest)  Biochar is an emerging market; growing rapidly, still in its infancy, but with gigaton market potential when we, as in humanity, start addressing the

October 12, 2016 Read Full Article

ABC: Bill Signals Building Support for Nutrient Recycling, Biogas

(American Biogas Council/Biomass Magazine)  Last week, Sens. Sherrod Brown, D-Ohio, and Pat Robert, R-Kan., introduced new bipartisan legislation, the Agriculture Environmental Stewardship Act (S 3248). This latest bill is a

July 25, 2016 Read Full Article

Research Assesses AD’s Ability to Remove Drugs, Germs from Manure

by Charlotte Hsu (University at Buffalo/Biomass Magazine)  Researchers from four U.S. universities are teaming up with dairy farms across the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic to study the effect of three different

June 10, 2016 Read Full Article

Availability, Use, and Removal of Oil Palm Biomass in Indonesia

by Christopher Teh Boon Sung (International Council on Clean Transportation)  Reviews the environmental impacts of removing palm residues from plantations and estimates how much of this resource could potentially be used

April 25, 2016 Read Full Article

Cool Planet Partners with J.R. Simplot Company to Distribute Innovative Cool Terra® Engineered Biocarbon™ Product to Improve Soil Health

(Cool Planet)  Cool Planet is proud to announce a new distribution agreement with the J.R. Simplot Company, one of the largest privately held agricultural companies in the nation. Simplot will serve as

April 11, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

Biogas in Europe: Current Situation and Perspectives

by Dan Quadros* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  This article is the result of a technical trip to Germany and the UK to participate in strategic meetings and visit labs; to attend

March 4, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

Cool Planet Raises $9m to Commercialize Co2 Sequestering Biocarbon Soil Input

by Louisa Burwood-Taylor (AgFunder News)  Cool Planet, the biocarbon and biofuel producer, has raised $9 million in extra funding to commercialize its soil amendment product CoolTerra, which just earned a

February 11, 2016 Read Full Article

Ecological Farming: A Different Form of Agtech –Exclusive Report

by Louisa Burwood-Taylor (AgFunderNews)  … “Ecological farming is ‘AgTech’ but of a different kind. It is a return to the original definition of ‘technology’, which comes from two Greek words: technis, which means

January 15, 2016 Read Full Article

L’Oreal’s “For Women in Science” Fellowships Recognise Advances that Could Soon Be Saving Lives

(NationMultiMedia.com)  L’OREAL (THAILAND), backed by the Thai National Commission for Unesco, has granted fellowships to six women researchers to foster sustainable development in fields ranging from agriculture to curing cancer.

November 20, 2015 Read Full Article

Balance Stover Sales with Needed Field Cover: Iowa State Soils Expert

by Gene Lucht (Iowa Farmer Today)  Mahdi Al-Kaisi is not against using corn stover to make cellulosic ethanol products, and he isn’t against baling stubble for use in a livestock

October 28, 2015 Read Full Article

Grant to Help Increase Biofuels Yield while Limiting Fertilizer Use

(Michigan State University)  Michigan State University has earned a $5 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to better understand how biofuel crops acquire nitrogen, insights that could help

September 10, 2015 Read Full Article

The New Tobacco Road: A Path beyond Smoking for America’s Traditional Cash Crop

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Tobacco’s been re-thought, re-engineered and re-invented as a platform for sustainable, low-carbon fuels, and green chemicals – who’s doing what, where and how?  … If tobacco’s

September 10, 2015 Read Full Article

Smithfield Foods’ Hog Production Division and Tyton BioEnergy Systems Announce Research Partnership

(Smithfield Foods/Globe NewsWire)  Smithfield Foods’ Hog Production Division, Murphy-Brown, LLC, and Tyton BioEnergy Systems announced today a research partnership to develop new applications for Tyton’s dedicated, non-smoking tobacco crop and

August 25, 2015 Read Full Article

Bioenergy & Sustainability: Bridging the Gaps

(SCOPE) Bioenergy & Sustainability is a collective effort with contributions from 137 researchers of 82 institutions in 24 countries.  The volume is the outcome of an assessment that included a

May 15, 2015 Read Full Article

New RSB Standard Proposed to Certify Low-Risk ILUC Biomass

by  Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  It may soon be possible to certify that biomass is not only sustainably sourced, but also considered low-risk for indirect land use change

May 4, 2015 Read Full Article

Cool Planet Offers Help to California on Water Usage

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … Cool Planet, a California-based company that makes an organic, water-saving soil enhancer, was inspired by the order and is offering to help reach this goal by delivering a

April 3, 2015 Read Full Article

Praj Contracts Order for Uganda’s Largest Ethanol Plant from Kakira Sugars

(Praj/PR NewsWire/CNBC)  Sustainable Technology resulting in generation of 50-60% power requirement through captive cogen unit; Employs Praj’s latest ECOSMART technology for multi-product distillery producing fuel ethanol as well as premium

January 7, 2015 Read Full Article

Request for 2015 Research Proposals— DUE Feb. 28, 2015

(New York Corn & Soybean Growers Association)   The New York Corn & Soybean Growers Association is requesting proposals for 2015

December 22, 2014 0 comment Read Full Article

Vega Biofuels Named Key Player in Global Biochar Market Industry Analysis

(Vega Biofuels/Stock News Now/MarketWired)  Biochar Market to Be Valued at $572 Million by 2020.  VEGA BIOFUELS, INC. (OTC PINK: VGPR)

December 15, 2014 Read Full Article

Purdue Research: Cover Crops Make Stover More Sustainable, Profitable

by Lindsey Alexander  (Purdue University)  Farmers using cover crops as a soil conservation method can remove much more corn stover

August 8, 2014 Read Full Article

Greenhouse Gas Report to Assist Producers Facing Climate Challenges

(US Department of Agriculture)  The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) today released a report that,for the first time, provides uniform

August 4, 2014 Read Full Article

Take a Closer Look: Biofuels Can Support Environmental, Economic and Social Goals

by Bruce E. Dale,  James E. Anderson, Robert C. Brown, Steven Csonka⊥ Virginia H. Dale, Gary Herwick, Randall D. Jackson,  Nicholas Jordan,

July 1, 2014 Read Full Article

Of Auxins, Toxins and Raging Hormones: Does Biochar Really Work?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … One of the latest entries is a study out of the UK’s University of Southampton,

April 1, 2014 Read Full Article

Special Asia Biofuels Report: The Top 10 Stories of the Year, and More

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Asia looks at petroleum reserves and exploration and concludes: our future is in biomass. As we

December 26, 2013 Read Full Article

Biochar Quiets Microbes, Including Some Plant Pathogens

by Jade Boyd (Rice University)  Synthetic biologists at Rice probe biochar’s impact on microbial signaling In the first study of

November 22, 2013 Read Full Article

A Systematic Review of Biochar Research, with a Focus on Its Stability in situ and Its Promise as a Climate Mitigation Strategy

by Noel P. Gurwick, Lisa A. Moore, Charlene Kelly, Patricia Elias (PLOSone)   Claims about the environmental benefits of charring biomass and applying the resulting

October 30, 2013 Read Full Article

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acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct-to-fuel direct air capture directed evolution direct injection Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME Dominican Republic double cropping Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought-resistant drought tolerant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E5 price E6 E7 E8 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E40 E50 E55 E75 E78 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized 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ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol benefits ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol blend wall ethanol emissions ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol tolerance Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order externalities extremophiles f F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farmers farming farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices Feedstocks feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation fermentation ferry fertilizer F Factor fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch/FT Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax Fleets fleet turnover fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) Flightpath flight tests flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs 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agreements Ohio oil oil/gas terminals oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) OSHA overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil 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