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Will Green Hydrogen Fulfill High Hopes for Trucking and Shipping Emissions?

by Angeli Mehta (Reuters Events) While there’s debate over whether the technology stacks up against batteries for long-distance trucking, the case in maritime usage seems more clear-cut. Angeli Mehta reports “Everyone

March 19, 2021 Read Full Article

Haldor Topsoe to Build Large-Scale SOEC Electrolyzer Manufacturing Facility to Meet Customer Needs for Green Hydrogen Production

by Ulrik Frøhlke (Haldor Topsoe) Topsoe will invest in a manufacturing facility producing highly efficient solid oxide electrolyzers (SOEC) with a total capacity of 500 megawatt per year with the

March 8, 2021 Read Full Article

Energy Firms Bet on Hydrogen Boom, but Payday Far Away

by Ron Bousso, Stephanie Kelly (Reuters) Governments and energy companies are placing large bets on clean hydrogen playing a leading role in efforts to lower greenhouse gas emissions, but its future

March 4, 2021 Read Full Article

Supply, Projects, Policy, Challenges, Trends: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Green Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Making green hydrogen from water via electrolysis, or from waste — what’s real in the projects being discussed, the applications, the sources? What’s not going

February 3, 2021 Read Full Article

Waste Makes Haste – D.O.E., SABIC, TOTAL, PLASTIC ENERGY Racing to Recycle Plastics into Higher-Value Materials

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Last week, the U.S. Department of Energy released the Plastics Innovation Challenge Draft Roadmap and a Request for Information seeking stakeholder input on the Draft Roadmap.

February 2, 2021 Read Full Article

Hydrogen Production Is Set to Increase 5000% in Just 5 Years

by Alex Kimani (OilPrice.com) After decades of stagnation and multiple false dawns, the hydrogen economy appears primed for a major takeoff. A growing number of countries and industries are proactively investing in hydrogen technologies, with hydrogen

December 18, 2020 Read Full Article

Biden Energy Plan May Be More Similar to Trump Policy than Expected

by Patti Domm (CNBC) • Former Vice President Joe Biden may have greener goals for U.S. energy, but he will not end or sharply curtail oil and gas fracking, energy

November 3, 2020 Read Full Article

Top 5: Solar Costs Are Dropping. How Does It Impact Fuels?

by Tammy Klein (Future Fuel Strategies) … Items I selected this month include: •  Solar Costs Declining Quickly: More quickly than even the IEA has projected. That will have consequences in

October 29, 2020 Read Full Article

Global Fuel Standards Are Pushing the Dirtiest Oil out of the Market

by Michael J. Coren (Quartz) Not all oil is equal. We think of petroleum as equivalent whether it comes from the ground in Saudi Arabia or Texas. But that’s not quite

October 13, 2020 Read Full Article

Haldor Topsoe Joins Ambitious Sustainable Fuel Project in Denmark

by Svend Ravn  (Haldor Topsoe)  – The project aims to develop a ground-breaking hydrogen and sustainable fuel facility based on electrolysis in the Greater Copenhagen Area.  -The project is expected to

August 31, 2020 Read Full Article

Q&A: A Model for Low-Carbon Fuels in the Global Energy Transition

by Alan P. Mammoser (Biodiesel Magazine) Biofuels will likely play an important role in a hoped-for transformation to a low-carbon economy. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, they will need

July 24, 2020 Read Full Article

World’s Largest Green Hydrogen Project Will Use Haldor Topsoe Ammonia Technology

(Haldor Topsoe) A $5 billion dollar green hydrogen production facility to be sited in NEOM, Saudi Arabia, will include Topsoe’s proven ammonia technology. The planned green ammonia loop will be

July 20, 2020 Read Full Article

World Biggest Oil Majors Set Collective Goal to Cut Carbon Emissions

by Charles Kennedy (OilPrice.com) Some of the biggest oil companies in the world set their first joint target to cut their collective carbon emissions from upstream operations in a move that

July 17, 2020 Read Full Article

Coronavirus Will Hasten ‘Peak Oil’ by Three Years, Says Research Firm

by Myles McCormick (Financial Times)  Rystad Energy says its estimate of recoverable barrels of crude has dropped by 282bn  — An influential research firm has cut its estimate of potential

June 22, 2020 Read Full Article

The Great Texas Oil Shutdown Has Begun

by James Osborne, Sergio Chapa and Erin Douglas  (Houston Chronicle) …  The mass shutdown of Texas oil fields has begun after an unprecedented crash that last week drove crude prices

April 27, 2020 Read Full Article

An Economic Rebound Will Need Ethanol

by Doug Durante (Clean Fuels Development Coalition/Biofuels Digest) … I want build on the theme that now, when we’ve been knocked down and are on the mat is when we  need support,

April 23, 2020 Read Full Article

White House Likely to Pursue Federal Aid for Shale Companies Hit by Oil Shock, Coronavirus Downturn

by Jeff Stein, Will Englund, Steven Mufson and Robert Costa (Washington Post) … The White House is strongly considering pushing federal assistance for oil and natural gas producers hit by

March 10, 2020 Read Full Article

Oil’s Epic Crash Reminds Farmers They’re Also Energy Traders

by Isis Almeida, Michael Hirtzer, and Jen Skerritt (Bloomberg) Oil’s nosedive is sending farmers a stark reminder: they also need to be energy traders.  —  Growers have become more vulnerable to

March 10, 2020 Read Full Article

New Catalyst Recycles Greenhouse Gases into Fuel and Hydrogen Gas

(Science Daily/The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST))  Scientists have taken a major step toward a circular carbon economy by developing a long-lasting, economical catalyst that recycles greenhouse

March 5, 2020 Read Full Article

International Leaders Tour the State’s Ethanol Production Chain

by Noah Fish (Post Bulletin/AgriNews) High-level officials from Middle Eastern and African countries were in Minnesota this week to learn more about the U.S. ethanol production process. The state tour,

October 18, 2019 Read Full Article

Ethanol’s Impact Lauded in Wake of Saudi Attack

by Candace Krebs (Ag Journal) … “What people don’t realize is that shale provides a particular very light type of oil, and we can’t use that exclusively with the way our

October 3, 2019 Read Full Article

‘Very Engaged’ Trump Talks Biofuels Policy with U.S. Oil-State Senators

by Stephanie Kelly (Reuters)  President Donald Trump on Thursday discussed biofuels policy with senators from U.S. oil states, including Louisiana Senator Bill Cassidy, who said the president was engaged on

September 20, 2019 Read Full Article

In Wake of Saudi Attacks, Ethanol Can Help Provide Real Energy Security

(Renewable Fuels Association) Drone attacks Saturday in Saudi Arabia destroyed oil fields and caused a record spike in oil prices overnight, again calling into question claims that increased U.S. oil production

September 16, 2019 Read Full Article

SABIC and Customers Launch Certified Circular Polymers from Mixed Plastic Waste

(SABIC)  o  SABIC and customers Unilever, Vinventions and Walki Group will introduce ISCC certified circular polymers in 2019 during a market foundation stage. SABIC’s certified circular polymers will be produced

February 3, 2019 Read Full Article

JAZADCO to Build Biodiesel Plant at $15 mln in Capital

(Argaam) Jazan Energy and Development Co. (JAZADCO) has signed a joint venture agreement with Delante Trading Corp to build a biodiesel plant at a SAR 56.25 million in capital, the company

December 21, 2018 Read Full Article

G20 Countries Must Act Quickly to Decarbonise The Transport Sector

(Agora Verkehrswende)  According to a new report, CO2 emissions from transport are still rising. If immediate action is not taken, more radical measures will be unavoidable in the future.  —   To

December 11, 2018 Read Full Article

Biodiesel By-Product Helps Fuel Come Clean

(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology/Phys.org)  … This work on glycerol carbonate also supports Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiative, which aims to diversify the Kingdom’s economy from its current

December 5, 2018 Read Full Article

Saudi Arabia Shows Need to End Addiction to Middle Eastern Oil

by Jim Talent (The Hill/Americans for Energy Security and Innovation)  Following the mysterious death of columnist Jamal Khashoggi, Washington was hit with a stark reminder that America remains glaringly vulnerable to

October 24, 2018 Read Full Article

Renewables Could Drastically Cut Tailpipe Emissions

(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology/EurekAlert)  Switching to renewable fuels could significantly lower exhaust emissions of toxic nitrogen oxides (NOx) as well as curbing global greenhouse gas emissions. Researchers at

August 24, 2018 Read Full Article

Solar Fuels Working Well under Pressure

(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology/EurekAlert)  Highly fuel-efficient new engine designs could significantly reduce the environmental impact of vehicles, especially if the engines run on renewable nonpetroleum-based fuels. Ensuring these

August 24, 2018 Read Full Article

Emerging Markets for Ethanol Discussed at USGC Meeting in Denver

(U.S. Grains Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  In a global trade environment challenged by tariffs and tensions, emerging markets for grains and ethanol provided a bright spot for U.S. farmers, agribusinesses and industry

August 8, 2018 Read Full Article

Iran to Trump: Oil Will Cost $100 per Barrel, and It Is Your Fault

by Alex Lawler (Reuters)  Oil will soon cost $100 per barrel due to supply disruptions caused by U.S. President Donald Trump, Iran’s OPEC Governor told Reuters on Thursday, as he warned

July 6, 2018 Read Full Article

‘Keep It In The Ground’ Activists Optimistic Despite Oil Boom

by Jeff Brady (National Public Radio)  The United States oil business is booming and the country could soon be the largest crude oil producer in the world. Despite this record-breaking production,

March 16, 2018 Read Full Article

Opinion: Putin Has Finally Gone Too Far

by David Ignatius (The Washington Post) … So how can the United States and its closest allies alter (Russian President Vladimir) Putin’s behavior, if they’re truly serious about holding Russia

March 16, 2018 Read Full Article

EV Bash: Moving Emissions from Tailpipes to Smokestacks

by Kelsey Tamborrino  (Politico’s Morning Energy)  ME never thought global oil companies would be huge fans of electric vehicles, but the regularity of their bashing of the vehicles caught us by surprise.

March 7, 2018 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK

(Hoosier Ag Today) Cary Sifferath, Senior Director of Global Programs with the U.S. Feed Grains Council, reminds us that U.S. ethanol is the cheapest source of octane in the world

December 5, 2017 Read Full Article

Commentary: From Grain Bin to Fuel Tank

by Gary Truitt (Hoosier Ag Today)  … Another aspect of U.S. agricultural exports that is changing is ethanol and its byproduct DDGs. In the past 3 years, U.S. exports of ethanol

December 5, 2017 Read Full Article

POET and Al Dahra ACX Partner to Grow Distillers Grains Use in the Middle East

(POET)   Distillers grains use is growing under a new partnership that will expand availability of premium Dakota Gold feed in the Middle East. U.S.-based POET, the largest biofuels producer in the

November 27, 2017 Read Full Article

OPEC Will Extend The Cut

by Zainab Calcuttawala (OilPrice.com)  There will be an OPEC deal extension—no matter the public tussling between opposing forces in the industry cartel—if the world’s largest oil producers are really determined to

November 27, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

Giant Bacteria Make Algae Easy to Stomach

(EurekAlert!/King Abdullah University of Science & Technology)  Red Sea surgeonfish use metabolically diverse giant bacteria to digest different types of algae, according to new research. Not only do these findings explain

October 13, 2017 Read Full Article

USGC Sets Sights on Kenya for Potential Ethanol Market

by Lisa Gibson (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The U.S. Grains Council is working to develop ethanol markets in east Africa, which are accessible through the Persian Gulf. Brian Healy, USGC’s vice president

October 10, 2017 Read Full Article

Fueling a Cleaner Combustion

(KAUST Discovery) Insight into the thermal decomposition of a potential fuel additive shows it could promote cleaner and more efficient combustion.  —  An additive for conventional fuel comprised of oxygenated organic

September 22, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

China July Ethanol Exports Jump Six-Fold on Cheap Corn

(Reuters)  China ethanol exports surged six-fold in July from a year ago as producers took advantage of cheaper corn to boost output following a change in government policy, customs data

August 24, 2017 Read Full Article

Divestment Is Shifting the Geopolitics of Fossil Fuels

by Penney Kome (rabble.ca)  …   Almost everyone is targeting fossil fuel consumption and, by extension, Big Oil. Most of us see the oil business as gas stations, or as mammoth corporations,

July 24, 2017 Read Full Article

China Ethanol Exports Jump as Beijing Boosts Local Output

by Dominique Patton and Josephine Mason (Reuters) China’s ethanol exports soared in April from the same month the year before and imports slowed to a trickle, the latest sign that Beijing’s

May 23, 2017 Read Full Article

Pushing DDGS

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  With record ethanol production comes record distillers grains supplies. Combine those big supplies with big declines in exports to two major international buyers, and

April 28, 2017 Read Full Article

Research Focus: Improving the Conversion Process for Sorghum Bagasse Biomass

by Abdul-Sattar Nizami (King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES)) (RenewableEnergyFocus.com)  The conservation of biomass is essential for ensuring a continuous and quality supply of feedstock for

April 14, 2017 Read Full Article

Saudi Energy Minister Praises Trump’s Pro-Fossil-Fuel Policies

by Dana Khraiche (Bloomberg)  Saudis sees no problem with U.S. oil growth: Al-Falih to BBC; Kingdom may boost investment in U.S. refining, distribution  —  President Donald Trump’s energy policies are good

February 3, 2017 Read Full Article

The Oil War Is Only Just Getting Started

by Tsvetana Paraskova (OilPrice.com) … Although this view that low-cost producers would try to seize more market share comes from an oil major with significant interests in Russia and Iraq, for

February 3, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

Trump Can Make the U.S. Energy-Independent—If He Goes Green

by Geoffrey Smith (Fortune)  The U.S. can realize President-elect Donald Trump’s dream of independence from foreign oil “foes” and “cartels”–but he likely won’t live to see it unless he embraces

November 17, 2016 Read Full Article

Don’t Let Foreign Interests Prevent US Biofuels Future

by Retired Maj. Gen. Paul D. Eaton (The Hill/VoteVets.org)  Ninety-seven percent America’s motor fuel is blended with homegrown ethanol. From an energy security perspective, this is major progress that should be

October 21, 2016 Read Full Article

Can Saudi Arabia Pivot Away from Oil? A Powerful Prince Brings His Pitch to America.

by Brian Murphy (The Washington Post)  …  When Saudi Arabia’s deputy crown prince, Mohammad bin Salman, begins meetings this week in Washington and New York, he will be pitching an

June 14, 2016 Read Full Article

$85 Crude Oil By Christmas – An Interview With Mike Rothman

by Nick Cunningham (OilPrice.com)  Global supply still exceeds demand, but there are solid signs that the overhang is finally starting to ease. Storage levels are high, but are expected to

April 11, 2016 Read Full Article

AP Interview: Corruption Probe Holds Lessons for Monaco

by Angela Charlton (Associated Press/Washington Post)  Monaco’s government says it’s investigating how an alleged vast oil corruption scandal involving a Monaco-based company long went unnoticed, even though the principality has

April 1, 2016 Read Full Article

Is the Climate Changing for Fossil Fuel Investments?

(Morgan Stanley)  As the world embraces a low-carbon economy, should investors change how they view fossil fuel investments?  —  … Most investors interested in establishing a fossil-fuel aware portfolio can follow

February 24, 2016 Read Full Article

To Have and Have Not: Energy Security vs Energy Independence in a World Awash in Cheap Oil

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The following slides and comments are excerpted and expanded from remarks by Digest editor & publisher Jim Lane at the Energy Security Breakfast at ABLC

February 24, 2016 Read Full Article

Breaking Europe’s Addiction to Oil

by Anders Fogh Rasmussen and Peder Holk Nielsen (Novozymes)  Former Secretary General of NATO Anders Fogh Rasmussen and Novozymes’ CEO take steps to highlight Europe’s problematic addiction to oil –

February 23, 2016 Read Full Article

Bailout the US Shale Oil/Gas Industry or Fund Clean Sustainable Renewable Transportation? A New Way of Looking at the Options. Press Release

For Immediate Release February 12, 2016—Frederick, MD Advanced Biofuels USA correspondent Robert E. Kozak analyses the potential for a reinvigorated US shale oil/gas industry with and without government subsidies; and compares it

February 16, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

After the Fall: Rebuilding US Liquid Fuel Production – Invest in Our Land or the Shale Oil Fields? (Part 2 of 2)

Efforts to promote a sustainable use of natural resources are not a waste of money, but rather an investment capable of providing other eco­nomic benefits in the medium term. If

February 12, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

USGC Team Shows Saudi Arabian Feed Producers Value of DDGS

(U.S. Grains Council)  Two U.S. Grains Council members recently traveled to Saudi Arabia to participate in consultations with sophisticated grain buyers and USGC’s local consultant, demonstrating the value of distillers

December 14, 2015 0 comment Read Full Article

20-Nation Mission Innovation Coalition Launches to Spur Clean Energy R&D, Investment

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In France, President Obama and French President Hollande, along with a wide range of other

November 30, 2015 Read Full Article

U.S. Oil Refiners Look Abroad for Crude Supplies as North Dakota Boom Fades

by Jarrett Renshaw and Catherine Ngai (Reuters) … North Dakota’s Bakken production peaked at 1.153 million barrels per day in June,

November 4, 2015 Read Full Article

Answers for Your Questions about Low Oil Prices and Renewable Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Digest looks at security and energy security —  …  This week, the head of

October 30, 2015 Read Full Article

Why Oil Is Cheap in October 2015 (Part 1 of 2)

by Robert E. Kozak* (Advanced Biofuels USA) Conventional wisdom about declining oil prices, mostly originating from US Department of Energy/Energy

October 27, 2015 0 comment Read Full Article

President Obama Is Turning His Back on the Renewable Fuel Standard

by former Senator Jim Talent (The Gazette)  I’m old enough to remember when energy first became a national security issue

October 27, 2015 Read Full Article

Global Oil Supply More Fragile Than You Think

by Nick Cunningham (OilPrice.com)  … And many companies are also recalculating the oil price needed for new drilling projects to make

August 7, 2015 Read Full Article

Top 6 Myths Driving Oil Prices Down

by By Leonard Brecken (OilPrice.com)  … Earlier in the year I documented half a dozen media reports which turned out to be

August 4, 2015 Read Full Article

Saudis Expand Price War Downstream

by By Gaurav Agnihotri (OilPrice.com)  The undisputed king of oil and gas is making some moves that could change the face

July 28, 2015 Read Full Article

Why the Saudis Are Going Solar

by Jeffrey Ball (The Atlantic)  … Saudi Arabia produces much of its electricity by burning oil, a practice that most countries

July 6, 2015 Read Full Article

RIP Cobalt Technologies or…How Commercializing Butanol Technology is Like Riding the Tour de France

by Sam Nejame & James Evangelow (Biofuels Digest/Promotum and Chemical Strategies)  Sad to say Cobalt Technologies is dead – no really they’re

June 25, 2015 Read Full Article

Could Middle East Switch From Oil to Renewable Superpower?

by Darrell Delamaide (Oilprice.com/Time Magazine)   Decreasing prices in solar power could provide opportunities for oil-poor countries … The recent decline in oil

June 2, 2015 Read Full Article

How Much Longer Can The Oil Age Last?

By Gaurav Agnihotri  (OilPrice.com)  History has been so fascinated with oil and its price movements that it is indeed hard

May 13, 2015 Read Full Article

Here’s What Will Send Oil Prices Back Up Again

by Martin Tillier (OilPrice.com)  … The low price brigade cites another factor in making their predictions, the rise of alternative energy sources.

March 4, 2015 Read Full Article

Middle East OPEC Countries See a Future in Algae

by Imran Khan (Algae Industry Magazine)  The global demand for fossil fuels is swelling against a tight economic environment and

February 25, 2015 Read Full Article

Shale vs OPEC: What’s Going on with Oil Prices? Will the Bleeding Stop, and When?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … Here’s what’s going on, as illustrated in this EIA chart, which shows the imbalance between

January 14, 2015 Read Full Article

Inside OPEC Room, Naimi Declares Price War on U.S. Shale Oil

by Alex Lawler, Amena Bakr and Dmitry Zhdannikov (Reuters)  Saudi Arabia’s oil minister told fellow OPEC members they must combat

December 1, 2014 Read Full Article

Saudi Arabia Plans To Raise Fuel Economy–But Not Gas Prices

by John Voelcker (Green Car Reports)   … Now, another country is discussing new regulations that would require both new and

July 9, 2014 Read Full Article

New TV Ad Exposes Saudi Oil Money Bankrolling RFS Smear Campaign

(Americans United for Change/Biodiesel Magazine)  Pro-renewable fuel standard, pro-American jobs groups Americans United for Change and VoteVets.org held a press

May 7, 2014 Read Full Article

12 MMgy Ultrasonic Biodiesel Facility Planned for Saudi Arabia

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  Portugal-based biodiesel technology provider Incbio announced it has signed an agreement with Saudi Arabia-based Bio

February 6, 2014 Read Full Article

Saudi – Kingdom to Produce 30,000 Tons of Algae

(MENAFN-Arab News)  Saudi Arabia will be one of the few algae producing countries around the world, with production capacity expected

November 26, 2013 Read Full Article

BASF, National Prawn Co. Cooperate on Algae Technology

by Ron Kortrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  Saudi Arabia-based National Prawn Co. and the German chemical giant BASF have signed an agreement

July 17, 2013 Read Full Article

Camelina on the Move: Global Clean Energy Holdings Acquires Sustainable Oils

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In California, Global Clean Energy Holdings announced that it has acquired Sustainable Oils, a leader in

March 15, 2013 Read Full Article

Saudi Firm to Invest $650m on Sugar, Ethanol in Sudan

(Saudi Gazette)  Sinnar state signed a partnership with the Saudi Tala Company to produce sugar, ethanol and bio-fuel in Sinnar

December 18, 2012 Read Full Article

Biomax Sets up Venture with Jeddah Firm for Bio-Fuel Unit

by Amit Mitra (The Hindu Business Line)  Bio-fuel maker Biomax Fuels has set up a 50:50 joint venture with the

December 11, 2012 Read Full Article

Saudi Arabia, World's Leading Oil Producer, to Go "Green" at Home?

by John Daly (OilPrice.com) Renewable energy, currently a Republican object of derision and attack on the Obama administration in next

October 28, 2012 Read Full Article

Saudi Arabia Biorefinery from Algae Project

(Algae Industry Magazine)  Salman Zafar writes in Ecomena.org that King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology is funding an innovative project

October 24, 2012 Read Full Article

Petroleum Refiners Get out the Old Fear-Mongering Playbook for Attack on Renewable Fuel Standard

by Brent Erickson (BIO/Biofuels Digest)  Despite oil industry claims of “$10 million in fines for non-existent fuels” – they paid

August 2, 2012 Read Full Article

Building a World Market from Scratch

by Alvaro Cordero  (Ethanol Producer Magazine/U.S. Grains Council)  From a barely recognized feed alternative 10 years ago, distillers dried grains

January 26, 2012 Read Full Article

Africa’s Farmland in Demand: ‘Is There a Better Place than This?’

by Rick Westhead (The Star)  …Indian industrialist Sai Ramakrishna Karuturi has his eye on this lush scenery, too, but he

December 5, 2011 Read Full Article

Breakthrough In Saudi Arabia’s Policy Toward Ethanol Byproducts Announced

(AgriMarketing)  …Culminating years of U.S. Grains Council efforts, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has added corn gluten feed (CGF) and

August 10, 2011 Read Full Article

Saudi Prince Calls for Lower Oil Prices

(CNN) …In an interview broadcast Sunday on “CNN’s Fareed Zakaria GPS,” the grandson of the founding king of modern Saudi

May 31, 2011 Read Full Article

Kingdom Considers Producing Ethanol from Waste

by Querubin J. Minas  (The Saudi)   In line with the Saudi government’s initiative to diversify energy resources and promote

January 12, 2011 Read Full Article

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Development initiative (BRDI) biomass sorghum Biomass to Liquid (BTL) biomass transportation biomaterials bioplastics biopower Biopreferred bioproducts biopropene bioprospecting BioRefineries/Renewable Fuel Production Biorefinery Assistance Program (BAP) Biorefinery Renewable Chemical Biobased Product Mfgr Assistance BioRenewable-1 (BR-1) BioSNG Biotechnology birch bitter orange black carbon black grease black liquor black locust blender blender pumps Blenders Credit blending blendstock Blend wall blockchain blue carbon boat fuel Bolivia bolt-on Bonaire bonds book-and-claim border tax Borneo Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana BQ-9000 Brachiaria bracken brackish water Brassica Brazil breweries British Columbia broker brownfields brown grease Brunei Btu's BTX (Benzene Toluene Xylene) Bu12.5 Bu16 Budget building block chemicals Bulgaria bunker oil Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Burkina Faso Burma Burundi buses Business/General Aviation Business and Industry Program (B&I) business law business resources butadiene Butane butanediol butanol/biobutanol butanol emissions butyl acetate c C3 sugar C5 sugar C6 sugar Cabo Verde cactus cagaita calibration California California Air Resources Board (CARB) Cambodia Camelina camels Cameroon Canada canarygrass Canary Islands canary reed grass candle nut cannabis canola/rapeseed canola straw cap-and-invest cap-and-trade carbohydrates carbon carbon-efficient fuels carbon capture and storage (CCS) carbon capture and utilization (CCU) carbon cost carbon credit carbon credit markets carbon cycle carbon debt Carbon Dioxide (CO2) carbon efficiency carbon emissions carbon fiber Carbon Intensity (CI) carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sequestration carbon sink carbon tax carbon tax-and-dividend Carbon tax border adjustments carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata/brassica carinata carob cashew cashew apple CASI CAS Registry Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) cell culturing cellulase enzymes cellulose Cellulosic/Biomass Hydrogen cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location co-operative Co-op Extension co-processing co-products CO2 Sequestration coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) coastal habitat conservation coastal hay Coast Guard cobalt cock's foot cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold-tolerance cold flow college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression-ignition engine compression ratios computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology cooking fuel Cook Islands cook stoves cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 copper coppice cordgrass corn-based products corn/maize corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crimes Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cuphea cup plant currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D5 (5%DME) D20 (20%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date palm date palm pits Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Delaware DeltaWing demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose diatoms diesel diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct-to-fuel direct air capture directed evolution direct injection Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought-resistant drought tolerant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG e-methanol E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E5 price E6 E7 E8 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E40 E50 E55 E75 E78 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 E100 E100 conversion kit earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED95 educatio education educational business private educational tour Education Series 3030 EERE efficiency Egypt Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric grid electricity electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electricity price electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants El Salvador embargo emissions emissions standards EN 228 EN 590 EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) end user Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine/Fuel Co-optimization Engine Development engineering engine problems England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment Environmentalists environmental justice environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling enzymes Enzyme solicitation EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) ethane ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G ethanol benefits ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol blend wall ethanol emissions ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethylene ethyl levulinate (EL) ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication externalities extremophiles f F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farmers farming farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices Feedstocks feedstock storage feedstock transportation fermentation ferry fertilizer F Factor fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch/FT Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose flameleaf sumac flavors flax Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) Flightpath flight tests flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources forestry Forest Service fossil carbon fossil fuel fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) free fatty acids (FFA) French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon Gambia gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline-range hydrocarbons gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gas prices gas tax/highway user fee General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government subsidies grains grain sorghum/milo grain speculators GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green/black economy green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery GREET model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP h Haiti Halophytes harvesting harvest site processing Hawaii hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ health health benefits health effects heat-tolerance heating oil/fuel heat of combustion heat of vaporization Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) HFS-SIP hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Honge tree nuts Hong Kong hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrids hydrocarbon fuels hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen fuel cells hydrogenolysis hydrogen price hydrogen pumps hydropower hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois illuppai ILUC (Indirect Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indiana Indian beech tree Indian grass indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial ethanol industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insects insurance integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine internal combustion engine/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kamani Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactose Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars Lipid liquefaction liquid liquidation liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M3 M15 M50 M100 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Bio- Renewable Fuel marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts mass balance standard Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methan methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks methanization Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol nahar Namibia nano nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gasoline natural gas prices natural gas vehicles Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick Newfoundland new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds NTSB nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) offtake agreements Ohio Ohio Wisconsin oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrochemical photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot scale pine pineapple pine beetle pine nut pinion pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control 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railroad rainforest rain tree RAND rare earth metal RD20 RD30 RD99 RD100 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED and RED II) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion retail retrofit return on investment R Factor RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island Ricardo rice rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rotation crops royalties RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass s saccharification Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC SAK Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar sal tree salt water Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed-to-wheel seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solaris solid oxide fuel cell Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Dkota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soybean prices soybeans soy meal Spain spartina specifications sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel Sugar Beets/Energy Beets sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugars sugars-to-fats sugar standards sulfur Sumatra sunflower supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweetgum sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas syngas fermentation synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree Tamarix tank-to-wheel tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool tools Toronto torrefaction Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Fuels Policy; carbon removal Transportation Policy Treasury Department trees Trinidad and Tobago triticale trucks tubers tung tunicate 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