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Oregon State University Study: Woody Biomass Not a Good Substitute For Fossil Fuels

by Amelia Templeton  (EarthFix)  In a study published today in Nature Climate Change, researchers at OSU suggest that efforts to thin Northwest forests to reduce the risk of wildfire and create biofuels could have an unintended consequence: increasing the region’s carbon emissions. The

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Making Global Project Development Work: Rentech CEO Hunt Ramsbottom

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...Ramsbottom said that companies looking at international expansion generally ask themselves four questions before proceeding: is there a need?; is the local environment welcoming?; does the company have the time and resources”; can the company afford

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Forest Resources Professor Part of Huge Biofuels Research Project

by Jeff Mulhollem and Chuck Gill (Penn State/Gant Daily)  A forest products researcher in Penn State’s College of Agricultural Sciences is playing a role in a national effort to gauge the viability of a novel use for wood-based biofuels. The U.S.

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UT Center for Renewable Carbon Named as Lead Institution for $15 Million USDA Grant

(University of Tennessee)  Center to coordinate woody biomass production and utilization studies The Center for Renewable Carbon, a program of the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, has been named by the USDA as a recipient of one of five coordinated

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Wood Climbs from Supporting Role to Center Stage

by Kris Bevill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)   ....But as it turns out, trees guard their precious C5 and C6 sugars, those necessary to produce cellulosic ethanol and biochemicals, with a nearly impenetrable system of natural defenses that has yet to

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Mascoma’s IPO: The 10-Minute Version

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Intrigued by cellulosic ethanol and a new product called MGT, in Mascoma’s IPO? ...Mascoma Corporation announced that it has filed an S-1 registration statement relating to a proposed $100 million initial public offering. The number of

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Fiji Encourages Investment in Biofuels

by Erin Voegele (Biodiesel Magazine)  The government of Fiji is working to encourage investment in its local biofuel industry. According to information released by the country’s Ministry of Information this month, there are many opportunities for investments in renewable energy within

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New Map Gives Public a Global View of Biofuel Development

by Karin Holzzknecht  (Center for International Forestry Research Forest Blog)  Assessing how biofuels affect forests and people’s livelihoods and how its production can be more sustainable has been made easier following the recent release of an interactive map which provides

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FRA and Biofuel Development

by Dick Carmical  (Forest Business Network)   ...The technologies to make vehicle fuel from wood on a commercial scale remain unproven. The only bioenergy technologies that are proven, making wood pellets or burning wood to make electricity, in most cases,

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Biomass 2011: Replace the Whole Barrel, Supply the Whole Market Presentations Posted

(US Department of Energy)  ...More than 600 speakers, moderators, sponsors, exhibitors, and attendees were able to listen to discussions about the ongoing challenges and achievements in the bioenergy industry. Biomass 2011 addressed key issues in important areas, such as feedstock supply, conversion pathways,

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Spain's Cepsa to Expand into Second-Generation Biodiesel

by Ivan Castano (Renewable Energy World)  The firm will begin making the fuel with palm oil, animal fats and other residues at its recently expanded La Rabida plant in Huelva in July and will subsequently begin manufacturing it in its

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Biofuels Center Looks at Research Triangle Partnership Area

by David Ranii (News Observer) The Research Triangle Regional Partnership is one of seven regional groups across the state selected by the Biofuels Center of North Carolina to identify sites suitable for a biofuels production facility. The goal is to come up

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Alliance Releases Wood-to-Energy Policy Roadmap

(25 x '25)  The National 25x'25 Alliance released this morning a new National Wood-To-Energy Roadmap - A Guide for Developing Sustainable Woody Biomass Solutions. The report that shows how focused use of woody biomass can help meet America's energy needs

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How Rainforests Can Produce Biofuel Sustainably

by Christopher Mims   (Grist)  Production of biofuel from palm oil has been an unmitigated disaster for the rainforest, leading to clear-cutting throughout Indonesia and propelling that country to the top ranks of the world's largest greenhouse gas emitters. That's

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New Research Facility Recovers Value from Waste, Lowers Emissions

(City of Edmonton, Enerkem, Alberta Innovates)    Plug-and-play pilot plant and lab to convert waste to biofuels and value-added chemicals Edmonton is now home to one of the world’s most sophisticated waste-to-biofuels research facilities, thanks to a partnership between Alberta Innovates – Energy and

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Chevron, Weyerhaeuser Venture to Supply Wood for Kior’s Biofuels

(Bloomberg)  Catchlight Energy LLC, a joint venture of Chevron Corp.  and Weyerhaeuser Co., will supply forest products that Kior Inc. will convert into biofuels. The deal announced today expands an agreement made in April for Catchlight to purchase gasoline and diesel fuel blendstocks

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Virent Makes Gasoline from Cellulosic Biomas

(Virent)  Biofuels Pioneer Converts Corn Stover and Loblolly Pine Into BioFormate™ Gasoline with Molecular Composition Similar to Gasoline Derived from Fossil Fuels Virent announced it has successfully produced biogasoline from corn stover and pine harvest forest residuals, as a recipient of the U.S.

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How Manomet Got It Backwards: Challenging the "Debt-then-dividend" Axiom

by Dr. William Strauss (Renewable Energy World/FutureMetrics) This short article challenges the assumption that there is always a carbon debt incurred first and then a carbon dividend realized later (debt-then-dividend) when using woody biomass for energy.   The Manomet Study has generated

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KiOR Breaks Ground, and Draws Customers, for Columbus Biofuels Plant

by Garthia Elena Burnett (Commercial Dispatch)  FedEx is the latest company to sign an offtake agreement with Kior, a biofuels plant slated to begin production in Columbus in 2012. FedEx plans to use oil produced from biomass, mainly wood chips,

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CORE BioFuel Inc. Signs Memorandum of Understanding for Development of Four Wood-to-Gasoline Plants

(CORE BioFuel)  CORE BioFuel Inc., a Canadian biofuel company that is  commercializing an advanced biomass to gasoline production process, today announced that it  has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with a renewable energy project developer. The MOU provides for the development

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Iowa State's Role in the Future of Biofuels

by Dan Piller (Des Moines Register)  Prototypes of the biofuels refinery of the future sit in a 19,000-square-foot complex on the Iowa State Research Farm west of Ames. Two experimental plants, whose network of pipes and containers looks to the lay

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Ontario Government Selects Rentech’s New Renewable Jet Fuel Project for Long-Term Supply of Biomass from Crown Forests

(Rentech) Province of Ontario selects Rentech’s newly-announced Olympiad Project in the Township of White River for proposed supply of up to 1.1 million cubic metres/year of wood fibre to produce renewable RenJet®, a certified low-carbon jet fuel Up to C$200 million funding

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USDA and DOE Award Biomass Research and Development Grants to Reduce America's Reliance on Imported Oil

Projects will help develop sustainable, renewable biofuels in the U.S. As part of the Obama Administration's comprehensive plan to address rising gas prices, U.S. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack and U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu today announced a total of $47 million

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Walki Biomass Cover: Easy Cover-Up Improves Drying Process and Energy Content of Energy Wood

(INS-News/Walki)  Logging residue is an inexpensive and easily accessible source of biofuel, but to improve the energy content it must first dry on the ground and after that it can be stored in piles for several months. To shelter the

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Swedish Forests Spawn New 'Green' Diesel

by Karen Holst (The Local)  ...Earlier this year, Preem, a leading Swedish oil company, emerged as the world’s first company to offer an innovative biodiesel made from tall oil, a renewable by-product of the forestry industry. ...Known as Preem Evolution Diesel, this

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British Columbia Embracing Pine Beetle Crisis as Source of Green Energy

by andypar (Envirogy)   ...In light of all this, however, it appears British Columbia has found a way to turn their devastating Pine Beetle crisis into a source of Green Energy. ...Biofuel production uses organic materials to produce fuel to be used in transportation

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Cobalt Raises $20M in Series D Round; Parsons & Whittemore Joins

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...The additional capital will enable Cobalt to build out its new 470,000 gallon per year demonstration plant in Alpena, Michigan, which will be the world’s first cellulosic biorefinery for the production of the industrial chemical

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Lignol Develops Engineering Design Package for Commercial Biorefiner

(Lignol)  Lignol Energy Corporation, a leading technology company in the advanced biofuels and renewable chemicals sector today announced it has completed an engineering design package for a commercial-scale biorefinery that would produce up to 80 million litres of cellulosic ethanol

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Aussie Scientists Lead Race for Renewable Fuel

by Rebecca Baillie  (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)  With the price of fuel hitting $1.50 a litre, there's a growing push to develop renewable alternatives. Scientists in Australia are part of the global race to develop new biofuels. In fact researchers here

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Cobalt Technologies, American Process to Build First Cellulosic Biobutanol Refinery

(SustainableBusiness.com)  Biobutanol company Cobalt Technologies and American Process Inc. (API), a developer of lignocellulosic sugar production technologies, announced an agreement to build the world's first industrial-scale cellulosic biorefinery to produce biobutanol. Additionally, the companies agreed to jointly market a GreenPower+TMBiobutanol solution

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Benishek under Pressure to Block Federal Funding for Ethanol ‘Boondoggle’

by Eartha Jane Melzer  (The Michigan Messenger)  Rep. Dan Benishek (R-Crystal Falls) campaigned on cutting federal spending. Now some of his constituents are asking him to keep the U.S. Dept. of Energy from spending $58 million on a project to

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Scandinavia Goes Viking in Advanced Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In the Old Norse, the term “viking” meant to “undertake an expedition” and it later came to characterize the raiders, settlers and traders that epitomized an era of Scandinavian expansion that impacted Europe, Asia

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Fill Her up with Super Pine

by Rose Stirling (Dargaville News)   Pine plantations in the Kaipara can be converted into biofuels as part of a nationwide proposal which will save the economy billions of dollars each year. Scion, formerly the New Zealand Forest Research Institute, have suggested to

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The Impact Of A Renewable Electricity Standard & A Carbon Payment Program

By Don Hofstrand (Iowa State University Extension/JoplinStockyards.com)   U.S. energy policy has recently moved into the background due to concerns about the current economic downturn. However, the importance of the two major drivers of energy policy - the need to wean

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State DNR Selects University of Washington Researchers to Assess Forest Biomass Supply Statewide

(Washington State Department of Natural Resources)  ...DNR today announced that the University of Washington, School of Forest Resources was selected as part of the research team to study the supply prospects of Washington’s working forests. It will be the first study

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State Aid: Commission Authorises Sweden to Grant SEK222 Million (€24 Million) for Biofuel Research Project «GoBiGas»

(Europa)  The European Commission has authorised under EU state aid rules a support of SEK222 million (approximately € 24 million) that Sweden intends to grant to the Gothenburg Biofuels Gasification (GoBiGas) research and development (R&D) project. Göteborg Energi AB, a Swedish energy

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Finnair Set to Fly with Biofuel

(YLE)  Finnair is set to become the first airline in the world to use fuel produced from renewable sources on regular flights. The airline aims to start fuelling its planes with biofuel next spring. Finnair airplanes could soon be powered by

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Lawsuit Opposes Permit for Michigan Ethanol Plant

(Bloomberg/AP)  Environmentalists sued Michigan regulators Tuesday over an air quality permit issued for a planned refinery in the Upper Peninsula that will produce ethanol fuel from wood chips. The Sierra Club lawsuit contends the Department of Natural Resources and Environment violated federal

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Maine Gets Most Federal Biofuel Help of Any State

by Mal Leary (Capitol News Service/Bangor Daily News) Maine has received more cash from the federal government for the development of biofuels than any other state. The Biomass Crop Assistance Program, which was started in 2009 to encourage development of renewable fuels,

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Meeting National Goals: Pulp and Paper Industry – A Major Partner

by Harry Seamans, Ben Thorp and Masood Akhtar (Bioenergy Deployment Consortium, Inc./Biofuels Digest)   The Pulp and Paper Industry (PPI) can play a major role in addressing three national issues our nation is currently confronting: •    jobs, •    energy independence, and •    the health of our

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The BioBusiness Alliance of Minnesota Announces Recommendations for Minnesota’s Forestry Industry

(BioBusiness Alliance)  The BioBusiness Alliance of Minnesota announces the release of Minnesota’s Forest Biomass Value Chain: A System Dynamics Analysis. The paper is the result of a yearlong project involving over 100 experts in the forestry community to develop a

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Feedstock Interface: Desirable Wood Properties for Biofuels Production

by Dr. Theodore Wegner (Assistant Director, Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service)  Dr. Wegner begins with an interesting profile of the demand for advanced biofuels, and the different pathways to produce biofuels from cellulosic feedstocks. He shows the distribution

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Advanced Energy Crops: Industry Perspectives --Purpose Grown Trees as an Economical and Sustainable Biomass Feedstock

by Dr. Barbara Wells (President and Chief Executive Officer, Arborgen)  Arborgen is an industry leader in tree production and  improvement, and is well situated in the market to meet the heightened demand for woody biomass to be turned into advanced biofuels

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Dutch Researchers Use Modified Pyrolysis Technique to Produce Bio-oil

(TAPPI)  Researchers at the University of Technology in Twente, the Netherlands, have reportedly developed a new technique that enables large-scale production of biofuels without adverse effects on food supplies. According to a report this past week by Radio Netherlands, an

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Sustainability and Forest Biorefinery IV November 19 Syracuse, NY

 Sustainability & Forest Biorefinery IV will highlight the biorefinery capacity that is already in existence - the realities of what we can achieve on the energy front. The biorefinery IS here, it is real. Who should come? Professionals from the

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One Potato, Two Potato: the Counting of Biomass Emissions

by Jim Lane (Biomass Digest)  Following the all-but-certain defeat of a renewal of the ethanol tax credit, left-wing environmental activists, confederated into the National Anti-Biomass Incineration and Forest Protection Campaign, are making a move to destabilize support for biomass-based power generation. At

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USDA Forest Service Releases New Roadmap for Responding to Changing Climate

(US  Forest Service)  Roadmap Includes Scorecard System for Rating Effectiveness in Dealing With Climate Change Initiatives Across Forest Service The USDA Forest Service today announced the release of the National Roadmap for Responding to Climate Change and a new system for

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CORE BioFuel Inc. Considers Montana for Wood-to-Gasoline Plant

(CORE Biofuel)  CORE BioFuel Inc., a Canadian biofuel company that is commercializing an advanced biomass to gasoline production process, today announced that it will pursue an additional production facility to be possibly located in northwest Montana. Don Sigler, Chief Financial Officer

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Biomass Better than Coal? War over Carbon Accounting Erupts

by Jim Lane (Biomass Digest)  In Washington, the Environment Working Group has released a study that claims the impacts of the American Clean Energy and Security Act (ACESA)—which has already passed the House of Representatives—would require the equivalent of cutting

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Novozymes and Lignol Sign Deal to Make Biofuel from Wood 

(Novozymes)  Partners to develop a commercially viable process for making ethanol from forestry waste. Aiming for a cost down to $2 per gallon, a price competitive with gasoline and corn ethanol. Novozymes, the world’s leading producer of industrial enzymes, and Lignol Energy

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Biomass Now Generates 32% of All Energy in Sweden, Causing Increased Competition for Pulpwood, Reports the Wood Resource Quarterly

(WebWire)  Biomass has now surpassed oil to become the number one source for energy generation in Sweden. The increased competition for logs and wood chips between the pulp industry and energy sector has pushed wood fiber prices to new highs,

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U.S. Farmers, Timber Producers Call for an End to Tropical Deforestation

(AvoidedDeforestationPartners.org)  Study Shows Rainforest Protections Would Net $200 Billion for US Soy, Beef, Timber and Oilseed Producers. Leading U.S. farm and forest products groups May 26, 2010, called on Congress and the administration to help end tropical deforestation. The groups cited a new report

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Biofuel Bill Would Allow Federal Forests to be Feedstock

by Leon Kaye  (Triplepundit)  ...Regardless of party affiliation, senators in the northern prairie states have a history of opposing any bill focused on energy independence or energy efficiency.  These senators are good, however, in promoting legislation favoring local industries.  Senate

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Biofuel Company Builds Test Plant

(CBC News)  An Ontario biofuels company is building a test plant in Sarnia to produce ethanol from wood and farm waste rather than corn. Don Hewson, managing director of the Sarnia-Lambton research park where the facility will be located, said the

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Visualizing Sustainability: Developing Geospatial Technology to Address Sustainable Biofuel Production: Modeling Land Use and Land Use Change in Brazil

By Leila Harfuch (Brazilian Institute for International Trade Negotiations). In her talk she underlined the modeling land use and land use change in Brazil, stressing out deforestation as a serious issue. Deforestation causes and affects cattle and pasture land expansion. The

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Visualizing Sustainability: Developing Geospatial Technology to Address Sustainable Biofuel Production: Assessing the Impact of Ecological Consideration on Forest Biomass Projections

By Jocelyn Tutak (Conservation Biology Institute). This presentation was mostly focused on developing a method of incorporating ecological considerations into woody biomass. The presentation contains many slides of the studied area, the data, methods of ecological consideration, ecological values and

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HCL CleanTech Establishes Administrative and Pilot Plant Facilities in North Carolina

HCL CleanTech, a U.S.-Israeli biofuels technology development company, has chosen North Carolina as the site for its administrative headquarters and first pilot plant. The Biofuels Center of North Carolina has assisted the company and will provide office space in Oxford in

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Deforestation Continues, but More Slowly, Report Says

 World deforestation, mainly the conversion of tropical forests to agricultural land, has decreased over the past ten years but continues at an alarmingly high rate in many countries, FAO announced today. Globally, around 13 million hectares of forests were converted to

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Florida Woody Biomass Economic Study

In 2008, the Florida Legislature passed legislation requiring the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, in conjunction with the Department of Environmental Protection to conduct an economic impact analysis on the effects of granting financial incentives to energy producers who

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$200M Refinery to Convert Wood Products into Fuel, Electricity

(Nashville Business Journal)  Another green energy company is coming to Tennessee, but this one doesn’t have anything to do with solar power, unless you count photosynthesis. Hawaii-based ClearFuels Technology has agreed to partner with Hughes Hardwood to develop a biorefinery in

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Sustainable Foresting: Easier Said than Done

E. Detlef Schulze and Inge Schulze(Science) letter to editor   It is commonly held that planting forests helps to mitigate climate change, because forests sequester carbon dioxide into long-lived biomass and soils.  However, our personal experience shows that managed forests are unlikely

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Guild Releases Forest Biomass Policy Statement

Following on the heels of the Forest Guild Membership and Policy Committee's unanimous approval on November 10, 2009, the professional membership has voted overwhelmingly to approve the Forest Guild Biomass Policy Statement. This statement will represent the Forest Guild policy

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Weizmann Institute scientists show that in one kind of forest, its ‘energy budget’ includes significant reserves of heat

The simple formula we’ve learned in recent years – forests remove the greenhouse gas CO2 from the atmosphere; therefore forests prevent global warming – may not be quite as simple as we thought. Forests can directly absorb and retain heat,

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A Brand New Renewable Engine Fuel

Swedish SunPine is aiming to be the first company worldwide producing biodiesel from tall oil. At the plant site of SunPine, in Piteå harbor in northern Sweden, the building activity is intense. In the spring of 2010 the plant will

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Evolution Resources Signs Testing Services Agreement With North Carolina State University

Evolution Resources, Inc., an advanced biofuels production company focused on the production of cellulosic ethanol using the latest in modern processes and technologies, today announced the signing of a Testing Services Agreement with North Carolina State University.   Under the terms of

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The Unintended Ripples from the Biomass Subsidy Program

by Juliet Eilperin (Washington Post)  It sounded like a good idea: Provide a little government money to convert wood shavings and plant waste into renewable energy. But as laudable as that goal sounds, it could end up causing more economic damage than

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FPInnovations and CRIBE Create a Cooperative Partnership to Develop the Forest Bio‐Economy in Ontario

... “The Government of Ontario has recognized the need to move the Province to the forefront of the commercialization of chemicals, fuels, fibres and energy that can be produced from forests,” added Lorne Morrow, Chief Executive Officer for CRIBE. “There

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Tapping Our Forests for Green Energy

(Property and Environment Research Center)  Federally owned forests in the United States are facing financial and ecological problems. At the same time, the public’s growing concern over environmental issues and future energy sources are pushing the promotion of renewable energy.

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MSU, Michigan Tech Sign Biofuel Research Contract with Frontier

Ensuring a sustainable supply of woody biomass for the state's first cellulosic ethanol plant is the goal of a research partnership between Michigan State University and Michigan Technological University supported by Frontier Renewable Resources, of Kinross, Mich. MSU and Michigan Tech

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Shell Sells Stake in German Biofuel Firm Choren

(Reuters)  Oil major Royal Dutch Shell has sold its shareholding in German second-generation biofuels company Choren. ... Choren is building Germany's first biofuels plant using new generations of non-food raw materials as feedstock and is likely to start initial commercial

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Use of Forests as Carbon Offsets Fails to Impress In First Big Trial

by Juliet Eliperin (Washington Post)  More than a decade ago in the northeast corner of Bolivia, a group of polluters and environmentalists joined forces in the first large-scale experiment to curb climate change with a strategy that promised to suit

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DME as Diesel Fuel Alternative Gaining Ground as Engine Manufacturers, BioDME Biorefineries Gear Up for Renewable Motor Fuels

... DME or dimethyl ether, a diesel fuel alternative made from a variety of renewable materials and fossil fuels, burns soot-free, produces almost no GHG upon combustion and is very energy efficient. With a high cetane number (the measure of

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Waste to Fuels Presentations Available

Videos of presentations from the 2009 Waste to Fuels Conference held May 17-19 in San Diego have been published.  Topics include: overview of conversion technologies, use of forest waste, municipal solid waste and other waste feedstocks to make biofuels, along with sessions related to financing and

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Biofuels are a Long-Term Renewable Solution

by Senator John Thune (R-SD)  (Politico)   As Congress, the administration and the private sector look for ways to reduce our consumption of imported oil, we should not overlook the most readily available domestic alternative to imported oil: biofuels. The development

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Chemrec Studies Georgia Pulp/Paper Mills for BioRefineries

Biomass-to-energy company Chemrec is evaluating possible sites in the state of Georgia for developing integrated fuels-from-the-forest® black liquor gasification biorefineries at pulp and paper mills there.  ...  Chemrec biorefineries transform mills into producers of biofuels or biochemicals or even green electricity

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Wyoming Plant Making Ethanol from Trees

by Bob Moen (Forbes)      ... The business plan of KL Energy, which has been funded mostly through private investment, is to build plants based on its Upton (WY) model near forests around the country. The plants would produce up to 5 million gallons

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U.S. Pulp-Maker Pioneers New Biofuel

by Jason Szep  (Reuters)  From the outside, the rustic red-brick mill on a bend in Maine's Penobscot River resembles any other struggling American pulp and paper mill.  But along with its usual business of pulp-making, the century-old mill is doing something

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Finland Tests Biomass Derived Bio-Oil for Heat, Power, Biodiesel

Metso and UPM have developed a new concept for the production of biomass-based bio-oil to replace fossil fuels in heating and power generation. Test production will begin at Metso's test plant in Tampere, Finland, in June 2009. Bio-oil can be manufactured

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Lignol Awarded $3.4 Million in Funding from British Columbia’s Liquid Fuels from Biomass Program

Lignol Energy Corporation a cellulosic ethanol and biorefining company, announced that its wholly owned subsidiary, Lignol Innovations Ltd., has been awarded $3.4 million in funding to produce cellulosic ethanol and other biochemical products from under-utilized forest resources, including lodgepole pine killed

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carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing 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thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo 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criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services 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drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric 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Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance 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feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for 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price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic 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