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The Idaho Team that Lopped $1 a Gallon off the Cost of Fuel, and How They Did It

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Idaho, researchers at Idaho National Laboratory have have cut the modeled cost of harvesting, storing, transporting, and preprocessing biomass from $149.58/dry ton to $82.86/dry ton. 

September 18, 2018 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to Honeywell’s UOP and Renewable Jet and Diesel Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Honeywell’s UOP has developed a renewable jet fuel processing technology, a renewable diesel process, as well as a joint venture, Envergent Technologies, that will market technologies

March 20, 2018 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to EnerSysNet Canada

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  An early stage renewable energy company focused on commercializing patent-pending technologies to convert low-value forestry residuals to high value liquid hydrocarbons that are compatible with the

December 22, 2017 Read Full Article

Co-Processing Biointermediates: The Digest’s Multi-Slide Guide to Honeywell UOP

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Honeywell’s UOP has developed a renewable jet fuel processing technology, a renewable diesel process, as well as a joint venture, Envergent Technologies, that will market

March 20, 2017 Read Full Article

Economics of Forest Biomass Raise Hurdles for Rural Development

(Oregon State University)  The use of residual forest biomass for rural development faces significant economic hurdles that make it unlikely to be a source of jobs in the near future,

December 29, 2016 Read Full Article

Distributed Biogas: $11.8 Billion Market Hidden in Plain Sight

by Warren Weisman (American Future Energy/Biomass Magazine)  The mountains of bureaucratic red tape involved in urban food waste biogas projects, where this hidden $11.8 billion market lies, can be easily

September 26, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

USDA Advances On-Farm Biofuel Production

by Philip Gruber (Lancaster Farming)  USDA researchers demonstrated a mobile biofuel processing unit on a Montgomery County farm last week, moving the technology a step closer to commercial reality. “The

August 4, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

DOE Requests Information on Revolutionary Biomass Supply Systems Supporting a Billion-Ton Bioeconomy Vision

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy’s (EERE’s) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) Feedstock Supply and Logistics Program is responsible for

June 14, 2016 Read Full Article

It Depends: Heard on the Floor at ABLC Feedstocks

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  …  The headline from the event is that projects and feedstock providers are more engaged than we have seen previously — a wave of technology

June 8, 2016 Read Full Article

Business Strategies for Transitioning the Bioeconomy to a Landscape with Long-Term Profitability

by Mahmood Ebadian (Biomass and Bioenergy Research Group/Biomass Supply Chain Consulting Ltd./Biofuels Digest)  …With specialization occurring in feedstock engineering, these new business entities will be well-positioned to produce multiple products

May 11, 2016 Read Full Article

Bringing up Better Biofuel

by  Rosalie Marion Bliss (US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service)  …  Now, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists have advanced a process to produce crude liquid fuel called “bio-oil” from

May 6, 2016 Read Full Article

BioHiTech America Collaborates to Convert Food Waste to Energy

(BioHiTech Global Inc./Biomass Magazine)  … BioHiTech’s Eco-Safe Digester utilizes an aerobic digestion process to convert food waste to grey water, also referred to as effluent. Typically the effluent is discharged safely

January 15, 2016 Read Full Article

Bringing Up Biofuel

by Rosalie Bliss (US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service)   … U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists have advanced a process to produce a crude liquid called “bio-oil” from agricultural

January 15, 2016 Read Full Article

Green Ideas for Emerging Resources: The Digest’s 2015 8-Slide Guide to VerdeNero, CelloFuel and Russian Opportunity

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  “We are a boutique technical consulting and service firm to the alternative energy and resources industry,” said the VerdeNero manifesto, adding: “We provide services in technology transfer,

November 30, 2015 Read Full Article

Hamrick Engineering Granted Patent for Extracting Sugars and Nanocellulose from Biomass

(Hamrick Engineering/Your Oil and Gas News)  Hamrick Engineering is pleased to announce the granting of a broad patent for extracting sugars and nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass by the US Patent

November 17, 2015 Read Full Article

Building Sustainable Cellulosic Biofuel Portfolios

by Rajdeep Golecha (Biomass Magazine)  The amount of risk in supply variation a biorefinery is willing to accept will depend on its fundamental business strategy, and the amount of premium

October 26, 2015 Read Full Article

North Set to Be Biofuel Capital

by Charlie Peel (Townsville Bulletin)  Up to 30 mini biofuel plants could be rolled out across North Queensland as part of an ambitious plan to make the region Australia’s renewable fuel

August 17, 2015 Read Full Article

The Pyromaniax, Class of 2015: The Top 10 Pyrolysis Projects in Renewable Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  It’s been around for a generation or so — fast pyrolysis, that is. Though in the original low-tech incarnation — known as “cooking fire” —

August 4, 2015 Read Full Article

Aston University Bioenergy Technology Embarks on European Tour

(Aston University)  Pre-testing of waste materials using prototype Pyrofab technology was underway today ahead of a summer tour to evaluate sustainable sources of bioenergy from waste across north-west Europe. The

July 29, 2015 Read Full Article

Renmatix Acquires Mascoma Demonstration Plant in New York

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Another step towards commercial scale, aimed at “secure supply” of cellulose-lignin solids for Renmatix’ Georgia facility Renmatix announced that it has acquired existing assets of

May 6, 2015 Read Full Article

The Catalyst That Refused To Die

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Battelle-led group succeeds in US Department of Energy challenge — 1,000 hours of continuous biomass hydrotreating on a single catalyst charge.  The undefeated champ hits

April 24, 2015 Read Full Article

Is Bureaucracy Holding Back Advanced Biofuels?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … Why must “the entire value chain of production from feedstock to finished product be conducted at a single location” asks Antoine Schellinger, VP of Strategy

February 6, 2015 Read Full Article

Rising Capacities, Shift to Distributed Models and Policies Are Top Advanced Biofuels Trends, Says E2 Report

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … The E2 report is something of a hybrid — for one, it includes actual biodiesel production, but in the case of other fuels, it reports

January 8, 2015 Read Full Article

Backers Say Factory Will Buy $26 Million from Farm Sector

by Sean Ellis (Capital Press)  The head of a proposed ethanol and food-processing facility near Greenleaf, Idaho, says the plant would purchase $26 million worth of farm commodities from Idaho

December 30, 2014 Read Full Article

Forget “Policy Reform”, “Messaging” Says Industry: Surprises Abound in the 2015 Bioeconomy Agenda Poll Results

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … Instead, you pointed to “bolt-ons”, “policy stability”, “financing”, “supply chain” and  “focusing on winners” as the advanced bioeconomy imperatives for 2015. You’ve told us, in many communications,

December 29, 2014 Read Full Article

New Versatile Process Efficiently Converts Biomass to Liquid Fuel

by Emil Venere (Purdue News)  Researchers have demonstrated a new process to convert all biomass into liquid fuel, and the method could make possible mobile processing plants.  The researchers at Purdue

November 13, 2014 Read Full Article

4 Minutes With…Sam Yenne, CEO, Maverick Synfuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … Maverick Synfuels is about converting low value feedstocks into petroleum replacing chemicals and fuels. What makes Maverick unique is our Spoke and Hub deployment

October 15, 2014 Read Full Article

Advanced Drop-In Biofuels for Commercial Aviation, Marine Shipping, and Military Applications: Global Market Analysis and Forecasts

(Navigant Research)  Viewed as a game changer in the race to commercialize advanced biofuels, aviation and marine biofuels represent a very significant opportunity for emerging producers in the advanced biofuels

July 18, 2014 Read Full Article

Fermentable Cellulosic Sugars for Capex of 6.5 Cents per Gallon? Freakishly Low-Cost Venture Still at Early-Stage.

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  It’s a capex figure so low that it sounds like a decimal point is missing.   Though early-stage and just developing data out of its pilot

May 19, 2014 Read Full Article

XTRM Announces Mobile Cannabis/Hemp To Biodiesel Unit

(Baystreet.CA/AccessWire)  Extreme Biodiesel, Inc. (PINK:XTRM) today announced that the Company wholly owned subsidiary XTRM Cannabis Ventures has just completed assembly of its first Mobile Hemp To Biodiesel Production Unit. XTRM Cannabis

February 7, 2014 Read Full Article

Universities Receive $10M to Study Biofuels

by Martiin Kidston (Missoulian)  If 1 ton of woody debris can produce 50 gallons of fuel, how many gallons of fuel could 42 million acres of dead and dying forests

December 26, 2013 Read Full Article

Special Asia Biofuels Report: The Top 10 Stories of the Year, and More

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Asia looks at petroleum reserves and exploration and concludes: our future is in biomass. As we wrote in 2012: “There’s only one complete region for biofuels

December 26, 2013 Read Full Article

ICIS Innovation Award Winners, Renmatix and Virent, Announce Collaboration On Bio-based Packaging

(ICIS/PR NewsWire)  New Routes in Sustainable Chemistry Aim to Deliver Broader Supplies of Affordable Bioplastics ICIS Innovation Awards — At today’s ICIS Innovation Awards in London, winners Renmatix and Virent announced a

December 6, 2013 Read Full Article

Feds Launch CSU-Run Research into Tapping Forests for Liquid Fuel

by Bruce Finley (Denver Post)   The federal government is launching a $10 million, five-year project to tap overgrown and beetle-ravaged Western U.S. forests as a new source of non-oil liquid

November 8, 2013 Read Full Article

Extreme Energy, Supercritical Water, Nanostuff and Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  At the frontier of exotic temperature and pressures, even everyday materials like water begin to act strangely in ways that can drive energy transformation.   New

November 6, 2013 Read Full Article

Sweetwater Energy to Convert CO2 to Sugars in JV with Naturally Scientific

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In New York, Sweetwater Energy announced a 50/50 joint venture with Naturally Scientific, Inc. to produce sugar from waste carbon dioxide. The new technology converts

October 11, 2013 Read Full Article

US Economy at Risk without Sufficient Investment in Biofuels: Researcher

by Tim Worledge and Jeff Barber (Platts)  The US is at risk of economic slowdown and energy shortages unless it makes sufficient investments in biofuels, Bruce Dale, a professor of chemical engineering

October 3, 2013 Read Full Article

Cool Planet to Invest $168M in Louisiana – Stealthy Biotechnology Heads for Scale

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The complete Cool Planet story. What is it? Why transformational? What are the next steps?  New venture will convert wood waste to gasoline. In Louisiana,

August 26, 2013 Read Full Article

Biofuels’ 10 Scariest Challenges: Part 2 of 2

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Upstream, downstream, processing, policy, finance – opportunities and challenges abound in the bioeconomy – but which challenges are the most intractable and daunting of them

August 21, 2013 Read Full Article

The Haze: Clearing Southeast Asia’s Smoky Skies with Biofuels Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  A technology developed for Europe finds it is in demand again, as technologists address the growing mountains of palm waste and its special opportunities and

August 19, 2013 Read Full Article

Biofuels and the Problem of Tropical Islands, Part II of II

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) …It used to be that the outskirts of Honolulu had the dual scent of diesel and pineapple processing — but now, all you really smell

April 30, 2013 Read Full Article

National Labs Release New Biochemical Biorefinery Sizing Study

(US Department of Energy)  The National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Idaho National Laboratory, and Argonne National Laboratory have released a joint study on biochemical biorefinery sizing. “Investigation

April 30, 2013 Read Full Article

BioGasol Delivers First CarboFrac Units to Sweetwater Energy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … Sweetwater Energy announed that BioGasol completed delivery of its first commercial biomass pretreatment system. The cellulosic sugar producer will use the unit, a Carbofrac 10,

April 18, 2013 Read Full Article

Looking Back at ABLC 2013

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  …Perhaps nothing was more on the minds of delegates as the future of the Renewable Fuel Standard, and the impact of the Washington policy debate

April 18, 2013 Read Full Article

Biofuels Center Boosts Renewable Fuels Industry in Western NC with $600K Investment

(Biofuels Center of North Carolina)  The Biofuels Center of North Carolina recently awarded $684,058 for six projects to accelerate the renewable fuels industry in western North Carolina. Awards are made

April 5, 2013 Read Full Article

Biofuels Blend Right In

(Nanowerk.com)  A collaborative study by researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), a bioenergy research center led by Berkeley Lab, and the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has

February 1, 2013 Read Full Article

The 8 Upsides of the New Ethanol

by Jim Lane (BioInvest Digest)  The technologies out there are five in number. They are all in commercial deployment now, though some are at the capacity-construction stage. Some of them

January 23, 2013 Read Full Article

Keystone Farm Show: Lessons Learned

By Joanne Ivancic (Advanced Biofuels USA)  Thanks to Lee Publications, the organizers of farm shows up and down the mid-Atlantic, for donation of booth space at the “farm show for

January 19, 2013 Read Full Article

Sugar Rush: Sweetwater, Front Range Ink $100M Cellulosic Biofuels Deal

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Front Range becomes third ethanol plant in 3 weeks to head for cost reductions, RIN opportunities with advanced feedstocks, technology. …In New York, Sweetwater Energy

January 16, 2013 Read Full Article

Seaweed-Based Ethanol Technology Gets Boost in Vietnam

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Bio-Refinery Begins Operations Turning Co-Cropping into Fuels, Chemicals Deep in the Mekong Delta of South Vietnam a small bio-refinery is converting seaweed into protein, fuel-blendable

January 15, 2013 Read Full Article

Sweetwater Energy, Ace Ethanol Sign Landmark Cellulosic Ethanol Deal

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  $4/gallon capex, low opex, $15 million upfront. Existing offtakers. Cellulosic RINs. Expandable. Product diversification. Operating next year.   What’s not to like? …There’s a side door

January 4, 2013 Read Full Article

UnNintendoed Consequences: Biofuels and the Feedstock Challenge

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  It’s been years of struggle to get cellulosic feedstock supply chains downfield.  Now, companies like Woodland Biofuels, Sweetwater Energy, Ceres, Delta BioRenewables and Commonwealth Agro-Energy

December 12, 2012 Read Full Article

The Pine Beetle Problem: Making Renewable Energy Lemonade from Biomass Lemons

by  Bruce Dorminey (Renewable Energy World)  …Armed with a $200,000 U.S.D.A. two-year research grant, Fernando Resende will start work on a fast pyrolysis mobile reactor next year that could revolutionize how

October 24, 2012 Read Full Article

A.I.M. Interview: Sapphire Energy’s CJ Warner and Tim Zenk

by David Schwartz (Algae Industry Magazine)   … So now that Green Crude Farm is in operation, what’s the current activity there? CJ: We are about to do the next big

October 24, 2012 Read Full Article

The Dandelion Model: Two-Step Biofuels Technologies and the Emergence of Super-Refineries

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Can local communities pyrolize their wastes and residues, to make renewable fuels and chemicals at biobased super-refineries?   Two-step processes could be the ticket to

October 24, 2012 Read Full Article

Energy Independence Day

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … The entropy problem in feedstocks   In bioenergy, it’s the chief reason, for example, that otherwise perfectly acceptable fruit waste from citrus harvest is a difficult

July 4, 2012 Read Full Article

Gasification May Convert Mesquite and Juniper Wood to a Usable Bioenergy

by Kay Ledbetter (Texas AgriLife/Southwest Farm Press)   Biomass gasification is being considered as a possible technology for converting 60 million acres of Texas brush into biofuel, according to Dr.

June 8, 2012 Read Full Article

Cellulosic Developers Make Case for Integrated Ethanol Production

by Kris Bevill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Corn ethanol and cellulosic ethanol have previously been viewed as entirely separate products which will be manufactured by two unique types of producers, but

June 6, 2012 Read Full Article

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markets gasoline price gas prices gas tax/highway user fee General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal Germany Gerogia Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government subsidies grains grain sorghum/milo grain speculators GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green/black economy green chemistry green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green Racing GREET model Grenada gribble groundnut ground nut growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guinea Gulf states Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP Haiti Halophytes harvesting harvest site processing Hawaii hazardous waste HDCJ health health benefits health effects heat-tolerance heating oil/fuel heat of combustion heat of vaporization hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb HFS-SIP hibiscus High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard high performance regular high school project highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Honge tree nuts Hong Kong hops horse bedding Horse manure horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HOV High Octane Vehicles HRJ human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrids hydrocarbon fuels hydrofaction hydrogen hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen pumps hydropower hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal liquefaction hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois illuppai ILUC (Indirect Land Use Change) import/export inadequate domestic supply incinerator ash India Indiana Indian beech tree Indian grass indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial ethanol industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map internal combustion engine International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species invest Investing investment tax credit ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isooctane isooctene Israel Italy Ivory Coast JA1 JAA jackfruit Jamaica Japan Jatropha Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 Jetfuel (Sustainable Alternative Jetfuel (SAJF)/Renewable Jetfuel (RJF) Jimmy Carter Jobs jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 juniper jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kamani Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa Kuwait labels Labrador lactose Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land rights landscape land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree Lebanon legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis lignin Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars Lipid liquefaction liquidation liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg Luxemburg lysis M15 M50 macadamia macauba Macedonia Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine maize Malawi Malaysia Mali mallees Malta mamona management changes mandates manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Biofuel marine algae Marine Corps Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks methanol/biomethanol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbe microbiology microorganizms microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum Monaco mongongo Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) muck multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol Namibia nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Lab National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Transportation Safety Board Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gasoline natural gas prices natural gas vehicles Navy Nebraska neem neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick Newfoundland new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds NREL NTSB nucle nuclear nutraceuticals nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obama Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol off-take agreements Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olive cake olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone p Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama panda pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peaches peak oil peanut peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin pellets Pennsylv Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose perennial grains perennial grasses 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RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rotation crops royalties RSF2 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda rye Rye grass s saccharification Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago sago pond weed SAIC SAK sales Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar sal tree salt water Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Policy Scotland scum sea level rise seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation Section 526 Securiti Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale 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