45Z Clean Fuel Production Tax Credit

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Maritime Fuels: Will Corn Sail on the Love Boat or the Titanic?

by Doug Durante (Clean Fuels Development Coalition/Governors' Biofuels Coalition)  ... The  NCGA (National Corn Growers Association) report  identified three key areas to increase demand for corn—E15, marine fuels, and biobased products.   We have all heard the promise of Sustainable Aviation Fuels

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Carbon Capture Tax Credit: Actions Needed to Improve Federal Administration and Evaluation of Tax Expenditure

(Government Accountability Office) Carbon capture technology can reduce carbon in the atmosphere by storing it underground or using it to make products like concrete or jet fuel. The 45Q tax credit was created to incentivize development of this technology. But some taxpayers

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Unlocking 45Z: Why Your Tax Credit Depends on a Farmer’s Record

by Jayce Hafner (FarmRaise) ...  I quickly learned that farms have two layers of value: the land itself and how we work it. Today, this “how” underpins the Clean Fuel Production Credit (Section 45Z), and farmer practice documentation will unlock this game-changing

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Want to Produce Low-Carbon Biofuel Feedstocks? USDA Details the Requirements

by Cassidy Walter (Successful Farming) Farmers interested in producing low-carbon biofuel feedstock now have a clearer path forward. On Tuesday, USDA hosted a webinar, sharing guidance on how its 2026 regenerative agricultural practices rule is to be implemented. In June, USDA released

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Biofuels Markets Report: Advanced Biofuels

by Andrew Snook (Canadian Biomass) ... To learn more about the current state and future of Canada’s biofuels, Canadian Biomass reached out to leaders in the wood pellet, biogas and advanced biofuels sectors to discuss what lies ahead. This article covers

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Considering Corn for Maritime, Aviation Fuels and Biobased Products

by Rebecca Schweitzer-Benner (Lancaster Farming) In the face of low corn prices and high input costs, the National Corn Growers Association is exploring alternative uses for the crop. With specific focus on sustainable aviation fuel and biobased products and biomanufacturing, the association answered

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Feedstock Aggregation Logistics

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Modern biorefineries must transition from obsolete single-source models to multi-feedstock portfolio aggregation to survive. This capability unlocks an estimated twenty to thirty-five percent margin advantage through optimized acquisition economics, carbon-intensity revenue from LCFS and 45Z policies,

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US Refiners Face RIN Crunch as Biofuel Mandate Outpaces Supply

by Janet McGurty (S&P Global)  D4 RIN generation hits 43% of mandate by midyear; Refiners may cut gasoline supply or draw RIN banks; Zero biodiesel imports compound compliance pressure US refiners are confronting a potential fuel production bottleneck in the second half of 2026

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Bioprocess Data Infrastructure

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Bioprocess data is strategic infrastructure, but raw data without context is expensive noise. While most operators collect basic historian and LIMS signals, they suffer from delayed, manual data reconstruction. True competitive advantage requires building a “contextualized

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Gevo Scraps Clean Jet Fuel, Carbon Capture Project in South Dakota

by Siri Hedreen (S&P Global)  Gevo Inc. has canceled plans to build a multibillion-dollar clean jet fuel plant in Lake Preston, South Dakota, after struggling to line up CO2 transportation and storage infrastructure for the facility. The alternative fuels company is formally

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to the 45Z Policy Cliff

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Although the OBBBA extended the 45Z clean fuel production credit to 2029, a critical tenor mismatch survives because SAF project debt requires 10-to-15-year horizons. The immediate economic blow is the SAF rate cut to $1.00 per

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Low Nitrogen, High Reward: Understanding the 45Z Opportunity

by John Duff (Farm Progress Kansas Farmer) Sorghum Focus: Conservation production practices could finally pay off with 45Z opportunities. But proceed with caution. -- At first glance, the Section 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit should reward the production practices many sorghum farmers

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SAF: Spotlight On 45Z

by Luke Geiver (Ethanol Producer Magazine) ...  But for companies targeting SAF production through alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) pathways, the recent decrease in value puts SAF producers at a competitive disadvantage.  The One Big Beautiful Bill Act passed in July 2025 dropped the maximum

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Carbon-Negative Ethanol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) By integrating on-site CCS, climate-smart agriculture, and renewable power, ethanol producers can engineer deep-negative carbon intensities (CI) of -20 to -50. However, the federal 45Z credit floors crop-based feedstocks at zero, meaning this deep-negative achievement earns

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to 45Q Monetization in the Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Biogenic CO2 capture allows bioeconomy operators to monetize the $85-per-ton 45Q tax credit. However, 45Q and 45Z are mutually exclusive per facility-year and cannot be additively stacked on the same carbon ton. Each captured ton legally

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Louisiana Could Supplant California as SAF Leader

by Curt Epstein (Aviation International News) While California has been the hotbed for renewable fuel production in the U.S., Louisiana is poised to knock it off the throne. Shift could come as the state's tax incentives change  --  A new report from energy

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The Clean Fuel Production Tax Credit (45Z), Part 3: Reviewing the Potential Value

Zhangliang Chen, Kaiyu Guan and Jonathan Coppess (University of Illinois/farmdoc daily)  Continuing the review of the Clean Fuel Production Tax Credit, this article explores the potential economic benefit that could be created for Midwest corn and soybean producers implementing approved practices.  Previously,

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US Refiner Valero Says Tax Credit Overhaul, Registration Hurdles Have Slowed Biofuel Imports

by Siddharth Cavale (Reuters) Few registrations from foreign producers make meeting EPA mandates difficult, Valero executive says; Elimination of tax credits for imported biofuels also stifling imports, executive says; Economist disputes Valero claim that importer registrations are ​constraining 2026 compliance U.S. biofuel imports are

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Biogenic CO2 Supply Agreements

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Fermentation off-gas from existing ethanol plants offers the cheapest, highest-purity biogenic CO2 for e-SAF production, yet it is widely treated as waste. Securing this vital feedstock requires resolving carbon title and strictly assigning each ton to

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California Refinery Closures Spur Fuel Plan Debate

by Denise Cathey (Argus Media)  California officials face mounting pressure to maintain fuel reliability as planned refinery closures tighten supplies and increase reliance on imports, even as the state pursues its climate and transportation electrification goals. The California Air Resources Board (CARB)

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EPA Regulatory Silence on 2028 Biofuel Targets Risks Future Market Instability

by Evelyn Olson (OPIS Insight) The Trump Administration’s Unified Agenda, released on July 3, conspicuously omits the 2028 Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) volume requirements (Set 3) from the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) 2026 rulemaking agenda. The Unified Agenda is the government’s

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to ATJ and HEFA Cost Parity

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ) sustainable aviation fuel can achieve cost parity with HEFA, but only through a specific stacking architecture, not as a general pathway property. To cross the cost threshold, developers must rigorously stack certified low-carbon intensity

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Biogas Outlook Is Bright with Marine Fuel, 45Z, Roeslein Says

by Kim Chipman (Agri-Pulse) Biogas is having a moment, with potentially hundreds of millions of dollars set to be unleashed with finalization of 45Z. An even bigger opportunity though is marine fuel, Roeslein Renewables says.   READ MORE Related articles Biogas Market to Reach

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U.S. Biofuel Boom: What’s Driving Record Soybean Crush, and Will It Fuel Higher Prices?

by Tyne Morgan (AgWeb) Data shows soybean crush and renewable diesel output are hitting all-time highs, driven by strong domestic biofuel policy, while new U.S. tariffs on Brazilian tallow add fresh demand in the biofuel feedstock market. ... According to Susan Stroud, founder

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to 45Z Monetization

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Transferable 45Z credits reshape bioeconomy monetization, but they are not cash. Because they require buyers, complex diligence, and recapture indemnities, 45Z trades at a 5 to 11 percent discount. Defaulting to legacy solar or wind tax-equity

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CME Group Launches Sorghum Basis Futures to Meet Global Feed, Export and Biofuel Demand

(CME Group)  CME Group, the world's leading derivatives marketplace, today announced plans to launch Sorghum basis futures. Trading is expected to start on August 24, 2026, pending regulatory review. Sorghum is a versatile commodity uniquely positioned to meet global demand from the

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to 45Z Compliance LCA

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Section 45Z allows producers to claim site-specific, actual carbon intensity (CI) values for higher credits, but this demands extensive data collection and verification. These substantiation costs create a fixed overhead that disproportionately burdens smaller projects, often

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Feedstock Prequalification

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Fragmented global certification regimes demand multiple redundant audits for a single feedstock, multiplying administrative burdens without delivering incremental environmental benefits. Because verification costs are fixed per audit rather than volume-based, this fragmentation disproportionately burdens small and

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Aemetis Sells $18 Million of Section 45Z Clean Fuel Production Tax Credits

(Aemetis)  Aemetis, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMTX), a diversified renewable natural gas and biofuels company, today announced that its ethanol and renewable natural gas subsidiaries have received funds from the sales of $18 million of Section 45Z Clean Fuel Production Tax Credits. The sales

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Regulatory Agenda Released by the White House Office of Management and Budget on July 3 -- U.S. Department of the Treasury Plans to Issue Final 45Z Regulations in November 2026.

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ... U.S. Department of the Treasury currently plans to issue final 45Z clean fuel production credit regulations in November 2026.  Information on Treasury’s 45Z rulemaking process is one of hundreds of regulatory actions summarized in the

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FutureFuel Corp. Monetizes 2025 45Z Clean Fuel Tax Credits, Commits to 2026 Sale

(Future Fuel/Globe Newswire/Yahoo! Finance) FutureFuel Corp. (NYSE: FF) ("FutureFuel"), a leading manufacturer of specialty chemicals and renewable biofuels, announced that it has finalized the sale of all its 2025 Section 45Z Clean Fuel Production and Small Producer Tax Credits to Freepoint

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Iowa Biodiesel Board Approaches 20 Years as a Champion of Biodiesel

by Dave Walton (American Soybean Association/Biobased Diesel Daily)   The organization has cemented and proven its important role in the livelihood of Iowa’s soybean farmers and biodiesel producers alike.  --  Next year, the Iowa Biodiesel Board will celebrate its 20th anniversary—two decades

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From Waste to Fuel: Powering Biodiesel, Renewable Diesel and SAF

by Jimmy Andreoli II (Baker Commodities/Biobased Diesel Daily)  The rendering industry is the infrastructure that makes large-scale waste-to-fuel conversion possible.  --  Every day, at hundreds of thousands of restaurants, commercial kitchens and grocery stores, an essential resource is generated that most people

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Farms and Fuels Alliance Calls on Government to Deliver on Clean Fuel Commitment for Canadian Ethanol This Summer

(Farms and Fuels Alliance/Business Wire) Canadian farmers and ethanol producers call on the Government to deliver on its Clean Fuel commitment and restore a level playing field for Canadian ethanol. -- Canada's Farms and Fuels Alliance (FFA) today (June 29, 2026) called

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The Ethanol Bridge, Part 3: Why Brazil Escaped Pain at the Pump This Spring

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Brazilian motorists possessed a structural advantage denied to most Americans: total, seamless choice. Step up to thousands of retail stations across Brazil, and you will see a mature, dual-fuel ecosystem in daily operation. This is not

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Trump Issues Regenerative Agriculture Order; USDA Launches Feedstock Rule to Unlock Biofuel Market Gains

(Forth.News) President Trump signed an Executive Order on June 25, 2026 to advance regenerative agriculture and strengthen farm resilience, directing HHS, USDA and EPA to boost research and partnerships in the sector. [1] Simultaneously, USDA Secretary Brooke Rollins announced a final Regenerative Feedstock Rule

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Rewriting the RFS Playbook: The Impact of Final RVOs on Projected Biomass-Based Diesel Feedstock Use for 2026-2027

by Todd Hubbs and Scott Irwin (Oklahoma State University/University of Illinois/farmdoc daily)  The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized the “Set 2” rule at the end of March, establishing Renewable Volume Obligations (RVOs) under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) for 2026

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Building on Solid Foundations: BioTown Biogas Appoints New CEO

(Bioenergy Insight) With a new chief executive at the helm, one of the world’s largest on-farm biodigester operators is targeting expanded output, new revenue streams and a multi-site growth strategy. Christopher J. Pino tells Bioenergy Insight about his plans. BioTown Biogas (BTB)

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The Clean Fuel Production Tax Credit (45Z), Part 2: Carbon Intensity

Zhangliang Chen and Jonathan Coppess (University of Illinois/farmdoc daily)  As discussed previously, the Clean Fuel Production Tax Credit, or Section 45Z, is a tax credit for biofuel producers, not a direct payment or benefit to farmers (farmdoc daily, May 27, 2026). The

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Carbon Market Could Offer Farmers Opportunity for More Money

by Gil Gullickson (Wallaces Farmer/Farm Progress)  As Things Look to Me: Carbon intensification score helps determine eligibility for Section 45Z payments. Section 45 of the Inflation Act of 2022 could determine payments to farmers who produce low-carbon fuels. The tax credit’s worth is based

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OMB Nominee Confirms the Agency Is ‘Making Progress’ on USDA’s 45Z Feedstock Rule

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, on June 12 pressed Hal Duncan, President Donald Trump’s nominee to serve as deputy director of the White House Office of Management and Budget, on the current status of USDA’s 45Z

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The Digest's 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to 45Z Tax Credits

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The short duration of the 45Z clean fuel production credit, even with its extension to 2029, creates a structural mismatch with the multi-decade horizons required for sustainable aviation fuel project finance. To bridge this gap, capital

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Fact Check: The R Street Institute Blows It Again

(Renewable Fuels Association) Earlier today (June 12, 2026), the R Street Institute—a self-described “think tank whose work is grounded in liberty and freedom”—published an opinion piece (heavy emphasis on “opinion”) on ethanol policy. It’s a real doozy, chock full of myths

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45ZCF-GREET June 2026 Update

(U.S. Department of Energy) DOE Office of Critical Minerals and Energy Innovation sent this bulletin at 06/12/2026 02:02 PM EDT  --   45ZCF-GREET June 2026 Update There has been a revision/update made to the 45ZCF-GREET model and user manual. Visit the 45ZCF-GREET webpage to

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Senate Hearing Addresses E15 Legislation, 45Z Guidance

(Ethanol Producer Magazine) U.S. Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins reiterated support for E15 and confirmed that release of USDA feedstock guidance related to the 45Z clean fuel production credit is imminent during a June 10 hearing held by the Senate Agriculture Committee.  During

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Rewriting the RFS Playbook: The Impact of Final RVOs on Projected Biomass-Based Diesel Production and Imports for 2026-2027

by Todd Hubbs and Scott Irwin (Oklahoma State University/University of Illinois/farmdoc daily) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released the final “Set 2” rule establishing Renewable Volume Obligations (RVOs) under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) for 2026 and 2027 at the end

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Strong Market Signals

by Lisa Gibson (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Record-high Renewable Volume Obligations in the RFS Set 2, lucrative 45Z Production Tax Credits, continuously growing export demand and surging oil and gas prices highlighting the need for E15: The ethanol industry is in the

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Rail Positioned to Support the Next Phase of Ethanol Growth

(The Greenbriar Companies/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Ethanol has long been an anchor commodity for the U.S. freight rail network, connecting production facilities in the Midwest with fuel markets across the country. Today, new federal incentives and emerging technologies are creating additional opportunities

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Awaiting Next Stage in Biofuels Balancing Act

by  Laura Rance-Unger (Winnipeg Free Press)  --  ... “On the one hand, the federal government, for the last 10 years anyway, has certainly seen our crops as traditional food commodities and has treated their emissions as climate threats,” Grain Growers of Canada

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BASF and Arva Announce Strategic Collaboration to Deliver a Pathway for Farmers and Biofuel Producers to Benefit from the 45Z Biofuel Tax Credit

by Pace Sagester (BASF)  BASF and Arva today (May 26, 2026) announced a strategic collaboration to help biofuel producers and farmers capture the full value of the Clean Fuel Production Credit (Section 45Z) once the implementing regulations are finalized. Together, the companies

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Ethanol Industry Wants Changes to Canada’s Clean Fuel Regulations

by Sean Pratt (Western Producer) U.S. ethanol imports have big competitive advantage over Canadian-produced ethanol, industry leaders state -- Canada’s ethanol industry is pushing hard for changes to the Clean Fuel Regulations (CFR). Andrea Kent, vice-president of industry and government affairs with Greenfield

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The Clean Fuel Production Tax Credit (45Z); Introductory Discussion

by Jonathan Coppess and Zhangliang Chen (University of Illinois/farmdoc daily)   The Clean Fuel Production Credit, enacted in the Inflation Reduction Act and often referred to simply as “45Z” for its placement in the tax code, remains the subject of much attention (Brooks, February

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Biofuel Groups Push IRS for New Model to Calculate Tax Credit

by Erin Schilling (Bloomberg Tax) Biofuel and farm groups are asking the Treasury Department and IRS to update the model companies use to calculate whether they qualify for the clean fuel production tax credit. Agency lawyers are listening to proposals by more

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Clean Maritime Fuels and Policy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) With shipping accounting for three percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, momentum is accelerating for low-carbon maritime fuels. Legislative developments like the Inflation Reduction Act’s technology-neutral Section 45Z tax credit and the proposed Renewable Fuels for

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Iowa Biodiesel Industry Back in Business and on the Road to Recovery

by Jenna Rose (River Cities' Reader) The Iowa biodiesel industry is largely back up and running, buoyed by long-awaited federal Renewable Fuel Standard renewable volume obligations (RVOs) and the 45Z clean fuel production tax credit. While the path ahead involves recovery,

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The Utilidors of the Bioeconomy: POET, Antora Are Building the Hidden Operating Systems of Industrial Decarbonization

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... Last week in Big Stone City, South Dakota, POET and Antora Energy quietly commissioned one of the world’s largest thermal energy storage systems: a 5-gigawatt-hour industrial battery designed not to power roller coasters or castle

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Public Hearing on Proposed Regulations Section 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit (REG–121244–23) --- May 27-29, 2026 --- ONLINE

The speakers (on the attached document) have requested to present oral testimony on proposed regulations regarding Section 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit (REG–121244–23). A notice of proposed rulemaking and notice of public hearing was published in the Federal Register on

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Biogas Recovery and Co-Digestion

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The U.S. currently recovers significant biogas, generating enough renewable electricity for 2.4 million homes. While landfills produce the majority, agricultural and food waste digesters are rapidly expanding. Co-digesting manure with food waste or perennial grasses significantly

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From Feasible to Fragile: Why Bioeconomy Projects Stall When Models Meet Reality

by M. Uzair Shah and Nourredine Abdoulmoumine (University of Tennessee, Knoxville/Biofuels Digest) The hidden gap between modeled feasibility and real-world deployment — and how integrated decision-making can close it What looked feasible in pieces becomes fragile as a whole. That is the single

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Carbon Concepts

by Lisa Gibson (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Carbon is top of mind for ethanol producers, in light of moving markets and lucrative incentives to lower CI scores. While some producers have engaged in reuse contracts for decades, others are just starting their

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Valero Reports Improved Q1 Earnings for Ethanol, DGD Joint Venture

by Erin Krueger (Biodiesel Magazine) Valero Energy Corp. on April 30 released first quarter financial results, reporting a profitable three-month period for both its ethanol segment and Diamond Green Diesel joint venture, which produces renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). ... During

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Marathon Reports Improved Q1 for Renewable Diesel Segment

by Erin Krueger (Biomass Magazine) Marathon Petroleum Corp. released first quarter financial results on May 5, reporting a significant increase in adjusted EBITDA for its renewable diesel segment on stronger margins and the recognition of 45Z clean fuel production credits.  Marathon currently

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Stranded Molecules: Why US SAF Can't Cross the Atlantic to Fill Europe's Mandate Gap

(SAF Path) The trans-Atlantic SAF trade Europe was counting on isn't price-blocked, ship-blocked, or supply-blocked. It's certification-blocked.  --  The trans-Atlantic SAF trade that policy modelers assumed would balance the system, US molecules flowing east into a structurally short EU market, is not

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New 45Z Proposed Rule Tightens Requirements for Energy Attribute Certificates

by Danielle Anderson (Christianson PLLP/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Most fuel producers are now familiar with the Section 45Z Clean Fuel Production Tax Credit, which provides a significant financial incentive for facilities able to achieve a carbon intensity (CI) score below 50 kg

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Companies Set to Pitch to Investors at International Fuel Ethanol Workshop & Expo

(BBI International/Biomass Magazine) Ethanol Producer Magazine announced this week the six companies selected to pitch to a panel of angel investors and venture capital firms at the International Fuel Ethanol Workshop & Expo, taking place June 2-4 in St. Louis, Missouri. “Pitch

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Domestic Biofuel Feedstock Opportunities

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The USDA outlines shifting dynamics in the biofuel sector, highlighting the surge in fats, oils, and greases for renewable diesel production over traditional Midwestern biodiesel. A major newsworthy conflict centers on international carbon accounting: CORSIA’s risk

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Section 45Z Tax Credits

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Graham Noyes provided a crucial regulatory and market update focusing on Section 45Z tax credits. The most newsworthy information is the publicly disclosed pricing data for 45Z Production Tax Credits (PTCs). Noyes revealed that 45Z PTCs

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Record US Biofuel Targets to Test Biodiesel Industry after Slow Year

by Siddharth Cavale and Jarrett Renshaw (Reuters)  EPA mandates require 60% biomass-based diesel production increase, risking credit market volatility if unmet; Industry leaders warn supply, feedstock, and capacity challenges may hinder meeting targets; Analysts and EIA forecast potential deficits, with actual output lagging

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BASF and Nutrien Collaborate on Expanding Farmer Access to Low-Carbon Biofuel Markets

(BASF) BASF and Nutrien Ltd. announced today (April 28, 2026) a strategic collaboration designed to make it easier for farmers to participate in low-carbon intensity biofuel programs, including those supported under the Clean Fuel Production Credit (Section 45Z).  BASF and Nutrien Ltd.® announced

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From Brussels to DC: Will the Industry’s Big Asks Deliver a Sure Ride?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... In project finance, we like to think in two numbers: cost of capital risk premium But there’s always a third number, rarely acknowledged: the uncertainty premium. That’s the price of the ocean—the storms you didn’t model, the timing

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OPAL Fuels Signs $100 Million Master Agreement to Monetize Section 45Z Production Tax Credits

(OPAL Fuels) OPAL Fuels (Nasdaq: OPAL) announced that it has entered into a master agreement establishing a framework to monetize $100 million of Section 45Z Clean Fuel Production Tax Credits over the next several years. The first closing is anticipated to take place in

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Cleaner Skies through American Leadership

by Kevin Welsh (Airlines for America/Washington Times)  OPINION: For U.S. airlines, protecting the environment is a longstanding commitment, alongside our mission to provide safe, secure air travel for millions of Americans every day. For decades, America’s airlines have worked to reduce their environmental footprint

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to SAF Regulatory Changes and Market Dynamics

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ICF reports that Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) production is currently outpacing renewable diesel, despite the lack of a domestic mandate. U.S. airlines are securing future supply through long-term offtakes and investments. Significant regulatory shifts include

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi Slide Guide to Aemetis

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Aemetis provided an update on its rapidly expanding dairy Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) operations. The most newsworthy milestone is the completion of 12 digesters across 15 dairies, connected by 36 miles of pipeline, with a total

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Ahead of the FEW: Policy Shaping Ethanol’s Future Podcast

by Anna Simet (Ethanol Producer Magazine) This EPM podcast features, Erin Krueger, Senior News Editor at BBI International. Hosted by Anna Simet, Ethanol Producer Magazine. Join us at the International Fuel Ethanol Workshop & Expo - June 2-4, 2026 in St.

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New Study Demonstrates Biodiesel Tax Credit's Benefits for Consumers

(NATSO/PR Newswire)  A new independent study commissioned by NATSO, representing America's travel centers and truck stops, SIGMA: America's Leading Fuel Marketers, and the National Association of Convenience Stores (NACS) finds that the Section '40A' Biodiesel Blenders' Tax Credit (BTC) delivers significantly

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The Clean Fuels Foundation Announces the 2026 Beth Calabotta Sustainability Education Grant Winner

(Clean Fuels Alliance America)  The Clean Fuels Alliance Foundation has awarded Janice Shiu the 2026 Beth Calabotta Sustainability Education Grant. Shiu is a graduate student at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, pursuing a degree in Computer Science and conducting research that

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi Slide Guide to Whitefox Technologies

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Whitefox Technologies is gaining recognition for its highly energy-efficient membrane technology, specifically in Distillation, Dehydration, and Evaporation (DD&E). The most newsworthy highlight is their strategic role in modernizing the Hastings facility. Facility operators publicly praised Whitefox

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Eslinger Biofuels and STX Group Announce Landmark Clean Fuel Partnership

(Eslinger Biofuels) Institutional Partnership Establishes Long-Term Credit Monetization Platform. $48M+ Agreement • 5-Year Term - 5MM GPY - Expansion Targeted for 2028 -- California has lost more than 300,000 barrels per day of refining capacity since 2020. Into that gap steps Eslinger Biofuels.

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Reading The Road Ahead

by Keith Loria (Biomass Magazine) As 2026 unfolds, the renewable fuels sector is navigating a complex mix of policy developments, market signals and emerging demand opportunities across the biofuels landscape. With federal incentives, state clean fuel standards and infrastructure challenges continuing

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi Slide Guide to Commodity + Carbon

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  GIC Group introduced “Commodity Plus Carbon” (CPC), a novel financial instrument designed to make biomass supply chains investable. The most newsworthy aspect is how CPC functions as a hybrid between a commodity futures contract and a

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Navigating New Rules: A Deep Dive into the Policies Affecting Low-Carbon Shipping Fuel with Late-Breaking Updates

by Timothy J. Urban (Bracewell LLP Energy Legal Blog/National Law Review)  Recent federal, state, and international policy developments have introduced regulatory uncertainty in the low-carbon maritime fuels sector, complicating investment in both fuel production and supporting energy infrastructure. Stakeholders across the maritime shipping

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Stakeholders Submit Comments on 45Z Regs

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com) Industry stakeholders submitted comments this week to the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service regarding proposed rules on the 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit. The proposed regulations, released on February 3, provide guidance on the

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USDA Delivers Final Rule on Regenerative Agricultural Biofuel Feedstocks to OMB

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The USDA on April 1 delivered a final rule to establish “technical guidelines for the production of regenerative agricultural biofuel feedstocks” to the White House Office of Management and Budget, where it will undergo interagency

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RFA Applauds Regulatory Progress on 45Z, Seeks Additional Refinement and Immediate Release of New GREET Model

(Reneable Fuels Association) The U.S. Department of Treasury has made “meaningful progress” in developing rules implementing the Section 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit, but several aspects of the regulations need additional clarity and refinement, according to comments submitted to Treasury by the Renewable

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2026 TopSoil Summit --- June 10, 2026 --- Riverside, IA

The TopSoil Summit is where farmers, ethanol plants, and ag partners come together to prepare for what’s next.  With 45Z underway and new opportunities emerging, this is your chance to get ahead. At Continuum Ag, we’ve been working for years to

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Strait to the Point: The Impact of the Strait of Hormuz Crisis on the Bio-Economy

by Oliver Booth (Biofuels Digest) ... The Strait of Hormuz crisis is actively rewriting the playbook for the global bio-economy, serving as the strongest argument for domestically produced clean fuels since the 1973 Arab oil embargo. What was previously framed largely

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SAF Coalition’s Second Annual DC Fly-In Brings Together 50+ Organizations to Advance American Energy Independence on Capitol Hill

(Sustainable Aviation Fuel Coalition) The Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Coalition, a nonpartisan group of more than 50 organizations spanning the sustainable aviation fuel value chain, is convening in Washington, D.C. today (March 25, 2026) for its Second Annual DC Fly-In.

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Promises in Bloom: The RVO Reset and Springtime for the Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...(T)he final “Set 2” Renewable Fuel Standard volume requirements for 2026 and 2027. Not a tweak. A reset.  After seasons of regulatory uncertainty and economic headwinds, President Donald Trump and EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin delivered what

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Biofuel and Ag Groups Call on Treasury to Make 45Z Regulations Work for Farmers

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The Renewable Fuels Association, Growth Energy, Clean Fuels Alliance America and the SAF Coalition on March 25 joined more 20 state and national ag groups in urging the Trump Administration to make the upcoming 45Z

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Verity and CIBO Partner to Deliver End-to-End 45Z Compliance Solution for Biofuel Producers

(Gevo/Globe Newswire)  The combined technology and expertise of Verity and CIBO are expected to connect farm-level data to fuel production, enabling auditable carbon intensity calculations and streamlined compliance with emerging clean fuel programs. Verity Holdings, LLC (“Verity”), a wholly owned subsidiary of

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Thoughts on Biodiesel Day

by Jeff Ellis Donnellson (Daily Gate City)  March 18 is National Biodiesel Day — the birthday of Rudolf Diesel, the engineer who believed more than a century ago that plant-based oils were the fuel of the future. Iowa has spent recent decades

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Lawmakers to IRS: Don't Leave Farmers behind in 45Z Rule

by Lydia Johnson and Kim Chipman (Agri-Pulse)  Regulations for the new 45Z biofuel tax incentive need to account for cover crops, precision fertilizer applications and other regenerative agriculture practices to ensure that farmers fully benefit from the subsidy, farm-state Republican lawmakers say

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NACS Urges Senate to Restore Biodiesel Blenders’ Tax Credit

(National Association of Convenience Stores) The transition away from the Biodiesel Blenders’ Tax Credit to the ‘45Z’ Clean Fuel Credit is leading to higher fuel prices for consumers. NACS, along with NATSO, representing truck stops and travel centers, and SIGMA: America’s Leading

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Biofuels Hit a Crossroads as Costs Climb, Policy Lags

by Elise Schafer (Feed & Grain) Rising costs, shifting trade and uncertain policy are reshaping what biofuels mean for U.S. agriculture. -- The biofuels industry that transformed American agriculture over the past two decades now faces a critical inflection point. While ethanol

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Switched On Podcast: Biofuels Cash In on US Tax Credits: Analyst Reaction

(Bloomberg) New guidance on the 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit has clarified the outlook for US biofuels. The Treasury Department has confirmed that manure-based fuels can earn negative emissions scores, unlocking potential credits of around $7 per gallon for some renewable

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US Sorghum Turns to Ethanol as Exports Slows

by Ryan Koory (Argus Media) Slowing global trade activity, and growing biofuels opportunities have pushed US sorghum growers to pivot towards ethanol as a future driver of demand. Slowing international trade, with some partners "on the sideline" this year combined with a

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Fast-Tracked For Success: Carbon-by-Rail

by Luke Geiver (Ethanol Producer Magazine) To help ethanol producers manage captured CO2, Frontier Carbon Solutions LLC is full steam ahead with a carbon-by-rail logistics operation that could serve producers from Illinois to California. Robby Rockey, CEO of Frontier Infrastructure Holdings

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Grassroots Advocacy Needed In DC Now More Than Ever

by Brian Jennings (American Coalition for Ethanol/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The American Coalition for Ethanol’s 15th annual Washington, D.C. Fly-In & Government Affairs Summit March 17–18 comes at a defining moment for ethanol, agriculture and rural America. With major decisions surrounding year-round

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House Ag Committee Declines to Add E15 Language to Draft 2026 Farm Bill

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Rep. Eric Sorensen, D-Ill., on March 4 attempted to amend the draft 2026 Farm Bill currently under consideration by the House Agriculture Committee to include language enabling year-round sales of E15. The amendment did not

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From Tax Incentives to Market Access: Unlocking Climate-Smart Acres for the Chemical Sector

(World Bio Market Insights)  This keynote panel explores the expansion potential for U.S. bioethanol into the global chemical sector, leveraging incentives under Section 45Z of the Inflation Reduction Act. As chemical companies pursue net-zero goals, demand for low-carbon, biobased feedstocks is

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Biofuels M&A: 2025 Review & Outlook

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Editor’s Note: For quite a number of years, we have been pleased to collaborate with our friends at Ocean Park Advisors to bring you an annual report for Biofuels Mergers and Acquisition activity during the year

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The Future of Worldwide Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Demand: Different Transatlantic Government Policies Make Pathways to Net-Zero Aviation Difficult

by Michael Croudace (Sustainable Aviation Fuels Institute)  ... This paper examines how U.S. policy retrenchment under President Trump, aggressive European mandates, airline voluntary programs, and potential U.S. policy reversal will shape worldwide SAF demand through mid-century. The Trump administration’s actions in 2025 dramatically

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RFA’s Cooper Calls for Year-Round E15, Highlights Record Ethanol Production at 31st Annual National Ethanol Conference

(Renewable Fuels Association) Speaking to attendees at the 31st annual National Ethanol Conference in Orlando, Renewable Fuels Association President and CEO Geoff Cooper celebrated a record-breaking year for the U.S. ethanol industry while urging Congress and the Trump administration to fully

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How Federal Renewable Fuel Policies Support Farmers, Fleets, and the Environment - Part 2

by Kara Gundel (Engine Technology Forum) For nearly two decades, renewable fuels have quietly become one of the nation’s most practical tools for reducing transportation emissions. Unlike emerging technologies that require entirely new infrastructure, these fuels work within today’s engines and

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RFA Releases 2026 Ethanol Industry Outlook and Pocket Guide

(Renewable Fuels Association) The Renewable Fuels Association released its 2026 Ethanol Industry Outlook and Pocket Guide today (February 24, 2026) to kick off the 31st annual National Ethanol Conference, taking place this week in Orlando. The annual publications serve as the go-to source of ethanol

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Section 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit Public Hearing --- May 28, 2026 --- Washington, DC and by phone

This document contains proposed regulations regarding the clean fuel production credit enacted by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 and amended by the One, Big, Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA). These proposed regulations would provide rules for determining clean fuel production

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OSA Eyes Biofuels Growth as an Opportunity to Boost Soybean Demand

by Erin Anderson (Brownfield Ag News)  The president of the Ohio Soybean Association says there are opportunities to grow biofuels demand across the state in 2026. Pickaway County farmer Bennett Musselman says infrastructure investments and increased demand puts the state in a prime

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BASF Launches Circalo: Low Carbon Intensity Crops, to Help Ethanol Producers Capture Value under 45Z

(BASF)  BASF has introduced Circalo™: Low Carbon Intensity Crops, a comprehensive, unified platform designed to connect farmers, agronomists and ethanol producers with the tools needed to help operationalize agricultural carbon intensity (CI) under evolving regulatory frameworks, including the Clean Fuel Production

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The Soy Crush Expansion Draws Parallels to Ethanol Boom. Here Are the Differences.

by Debbie Carlson (Pro Farmer)  Biofuels expansion completely at mercy of government policy -- The White House’s aggressive targets under the renewable fuels standard and its renewable volume obligations for 2026-2027 for biofuels have some soybean market participants drawing hopeful parallels to

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From Seed to Sky: The Demand for Sustainable Aviation Fuel

by Aimee Nielson (Seed World)  Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is no longer a fringe idea. Airlines want it. States are building policy around it. Researchers are racing to lower costs. The next question is what it means for seed companies, breeders and

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What the Treasury’s Announcement on 45Z Tax Credits Means to Farmers

by Margy Eckelkamp  (AgWeb)  The proposed rule sets up farmers to participate in the opportunity created by these biofuel producer tax credits, but questions remain. -- On Feb. 3, the Treasury Department confirmed farmers will have a seat at the table to

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Sens. Moran, Klobuchar, Ernst, Cortez Masto Introduce Securing America’s Fuels Act

(Office of Senator Jerry Moran (R-KS)) U.S. Senators Jerry Moran (R-Kan.), Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.), Joni Ernst (R-Iowa) and Catherine Cortez Masto (D-Nev.) introduced the bipartisan Securing America’s Fuels (SAF) Act to strengthen the sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) industry, provide new markets for farmers and

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Green Plains

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Green Plains reported strong 3Q 2025 progress, highlighting the completion of its Obion, Tennessee plant sale to repay $130.7 million in debt. The company’s decarbonization strategy is advancing with carbon capture fully operational at its

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Marching as One: How C1 Molecules Are Rewriting the Rules of Fuels and Chemicals

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ...  Biomass enters as a civilian — complex, regional, idiosyncratic. It leaves in uniform. Carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide. Methane. Methanol. Formate. This shift is mapped in a top-tier new report prepared for CSIRO by a group

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Iowa Reports Lowest Biofuel Production in a Decade

by Jacob Calvin (The Daily Iowan)  Officials in the Iowa Renewable Fuels Association point to a lack of clear government regulation for the decrease. -- According to the Iowa Renewable Fuels Association, Iowa produced 31 percent less biofuel in 2025 at 244

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US Biofuel (45Z)Tax Rule to Benefit Resellers, Farmers Public Comment DEADLINE April 6, 2026

by Cole Martin (Argus Media) President Donald Trump's administration expects to update the rules around a low-carbon fuel tax credit to allow more types of fuel sales to qualify and to encourage farmers to grow crops more sustainably. ... The proposed regulations Tuesday

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US Biomass-Based Diesel 2026: A Tipping Point for Growth

(ResourceWise)  In the aftermath of this year's Clean Fuels Conference in Orlando, sentiment across the US biomass-based diesel industry is unmistakably bullish. But that confidence is underpinned by a mix of opportunity and uncertainty that will shape the sector through 2026 and

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Arva Launches Audit-Ready 45Z Infrastructure to Help Biofuel Producers Maximize Credit Value

(Arva) Turnkey CI scoring, verified low-carbon feedstock sourcing, and field-to-facility traceability built for 45Z compliance. -- Arva today announced the expansion of its biofuels offering to support biofuel producers as they operationalize the 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit. As fuel value becomes

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XCF Global, Southern Energy Renewables and DevvStream Agree to Binding Term Sheet for Three-Party Merger

(DevvStream/Business Wire)  XCF Global, Inc. (“XCF”) (Nasdaq: SAFX), a key player in decarbonizing the aviation industry through sustainable aviation fuel (“SAF”), and DevvStream Corp. (Nasdaq: DEVS) (“DevvStream”), a leading carbon management and environmental-asset monetization firm, today (January 26, 2026) announced that

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Trump in Ethanol-Friendly Iowa Pushes for Bill Boosting E15 Gasoline

by Hadriana Lowenkron (Bloomberg/MSN) President Donald Trump threw his support behind a legislative proposal that would expand sales of higher-ethanol E15 gasoline as he looked to build support for his economic record with a crowd that included farmers in Iowa. Trump told

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White House OMB Concludes Review of 45Z Proposed Rule

by Erin Krueger (Biodiesel Magazine) The White House Office of Management and Budget on Jan. 23 concluded its review of a proposed rule to implement guidance for the 45Z clean fuel production credit, according to information posted to the agency’s website.  The

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Washington Week Ahead: Trump Stumps in Iowa; Another Shutdown Possible

by Kim Chipman, Oliver Ward, Lydia Johnson, and Philip Brasher (Agri-Pulse)  President Donald Trump kicks off a series of weekly campaign trips across the U.S. with a visit to Iowa even as the ethanol industry and corn producers are angry about the failure of an E15

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Biofuels Producers Seek Clarity as 45Z Clean Fuel Tax Credit Takes Effect

by Carah Hart (Brownfield Ag News) The CEO of Clean Fuels Alliance America says the biofuels industry is awaiting more details about final guidance to implement the 45Z Clean Fuel Production Tax Credit. Changes made to the 45Z tax credit in the

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to The Andersons

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The Andersons targets a run-rate EPS of $7.00 by 2028, a significant jump from $2.56 in 2025, driven by organic growth and renewables. The company anticipates a cumulative impact of over $300 million from 45Z clean

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When the Clock Is Ticking, but the Rules Aren’t Set: Clean Fuels Conference 2026 Delegates Assess a Wonderland of Market Opportunity and Policy Uncertainty

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) If the clean fuels industry is living through an Alice-in-Wonderland moment, it’s not because things feel fanciful. It’s because the rules keep changing shape just as the clock gets louder. That was the unspoken theme running through

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The Road Less Taken: Iowa Moves High Biodiesel Blends Forward

by Jenna Rose (Iowa Biodiesel Board/Biobased Diesel Daily) State-level policy and industry collaboration position Iowa as a model for B30 adoption.  As Iowa’s biodiesel producers continue to weather a difficult year marked by federal-policy uncertainty and challenges, the state of Iowa continues

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Keep on Going

by Allen Schaeffer (Engine Technology Forum/Biobased Diesel Daily)  The lyrics of a popular 20-year-old country-music song provide guidance to help navigate the pit of uncertainty and tumult.  --  It’s been a challenging year for anyone hoping for clarity on vehicle and fuels

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How New Subsidy Guidelines Could Make Brown Grease the New Gold

Kristof Reiter (Reiter USA/Biobased Diesel Daily) Recent changes, including replacing the blenders tax credit with 45Z, removal of the indirect land-use change penalty, and potential reductions in subsidies to foreign fuel and feedstock under both 45Z and RFS programs, are fundamentally

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Michigan Producers Bullish on Biodiesel

by Karen Potratz (Michigan Advanced Biofuels Coalition/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Policy changes and new demand opportunities create optimism in the Great Lakes state. -- After months of uncertainty, Michigan’s biodiesel industry is reporting a positive outlook for 2026, thanks to updated policies and new

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Industry Exec Says Delayed Tax Credit Rules Endanger Iowa Biodiesel Plants

by O. Kay Henderson (Radio Iowa) Iowa Renewable Fuels Association Executive Director Monte Shaw says the state’s biodiesel producers are facing dire circumstances. Many biodiesel plants idled in 2025 and haven’t restarted, according to Shaw. “I’m told that a typical plant, just because of ongoing

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What’s in Store for 2026? Flexing and Delivering

by Allen Schaeffer (Engine Technology Forum)  ... A bright spot in the depressed commercial truck market was the success of a new natural gas engine (X15) from Cummins, with rave reviews from truckers and a strong showing in real world experience in evaluation by fleets

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Carbon Counts: The Global Race for Carbon Advantage

This month, David LaGreca, Dave Lindenmuth, and Lisa Hanke explore the evolving landscape of carbon markets and regulatory policy, focusing on the strategic advantages and challenges faced by U.S. and international players. This session will cover the implications of U.S.

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Unlocking Revenue Through Life-Cycle Analysis

by Laith Amin (Sustainability Magazine/EcoEngineers) For years, the energy and industrial sectors have treated compliance as a necessary cost of doing business. Regulations were viewed as hurdles, tax credits as short-term windfalls and carbon accounting as a paperwork exercise. But we

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Fueling Growth Despite Policy Uncertainty

by Scott Fenwick (Clean Fuels Alliance America/Biobased Diesel Daily) Fuel quality, reliability and performance drive adoption while robust production capacity and domestic feedstock supplies position the industry for a rapid increase in output. The U.S. biomass-based diesel industry is at a critical

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SAF and Maritime Mandates: Reshaping Biomass Demand

by Matthew Stone (ResoureceWise/Biomass Magazine)  ... Aviation and maritime mandates are accelerating at a time when biomass markets are tightening. The shift is creating a more competitive landscape for all participants, from refiners and traders to compliance teams and feedstock aggregators. The

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Ethanol Unleashed: National Ethanol Conference --- February 24-26, 2026 --- Orlando, FL

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association/Ethanol Producer Magazine) Day in and day out, tens of thousands of workers in the ethanol value chain take grain from America’s farm fields and transform it into clean, renewable fuel and other valuable bioproducts. But

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Fueling the Future: OPAL Fuels

by Caitlin Scheresky (Biomass Magazine) Five years ago, OPAL Fuels stepped out of the private sector and emerged as an ambitious leader in the production and distribution of renewable natural gas. With major partners including NextEra Energy, UPS, CHS and Fiat Chrysler

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Iowa Ethanol Industry Blames ‘Stagnant’ Production on Lack of Carbon Sequestration

by Cami Koons (Iowa Capital Dispatch) Iowa produced 4.6 billion gallons of ethanol in 2025 — a figure consistent with the past two years and one that Iowa Renewable Fuels Association says could be higher if Iowa had access to carbon

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Selling the Oomph, Not the Oil: Aemetis, XCF, and the Invisible Value Shift That Will Define Renewables in 2026

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... The gallons of green liquid? Not the star anymore. The real value lies in the attributes — the verified, tradeable, financeable proof of carbon benefit. Like: • Energy Attribute Certificates (RECs, Guarantees of Origin) • Zero-Emission Credits

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Leveling The Playing Field

by Katie Schroeder (Biodiesel Magazine)  In the pursuit of supporting biofuels, both sides of the U.S.-Canada border have implemented incentive structures to encourage the production or use of renewable fuels over fossil fuels. However, the U.S. 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit

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The State of Soy

by Susanne Retka Schill (Biodiesel Magazine) The soybean supply chain looks to proposed biofuel polices for hope in the midst of what’s been described as one of the most challenging years ever. For biofuel producers, the uncertainty around final rules and

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Aemetis Receives Funds from the Sale of $17 million of Federal Clean Energy Tax Credits

(Aemetis) Aemetis, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMTX), a renewable natural gas and renewable liquid fuels company focused on lower cost and reduced emissions products, today (December 30, 2025) announced that its Aemetis Biogas LLC subsidiary received funds from the sale of $17 million

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Ethanol Report on 2025

(Ag News Wire) 2025 marked the 20th anniversary of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) and showed just how far U.S. ethanol has come – and how much more it could accomplish for the world with just a little more freedom. Nationwide, year-round

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The Digest’s 2025 Multi-Slide Guide to Low Carbon Fuels Market Trends

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ICF forecasts environmental commodity pricing will likely rise, driven by domestic feedstock shortages versus aggressive Renewable Volume Obligations (RVOs). This tension is compounded by the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) limiting full credit for virgin

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Viewpoint: Policy Delays Refocus US SAF Industry

by Matthew Cope (Argus Media) ... SAF output rose to an all-time high of 196mn USG through November of this year compared to 39mn USG in all of 2024, according to US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) data. But growth next year

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US EPA Tentatively Approves First Carbon Sequestration Project in Kansas Public Comment DEADLINE February 1, 2026

by Siri Hedreen (S&P Global) PureField to bury 1.8 mil metric tons of CO2 over 12 years; Would capture CO2 from PureField's Russell biofuels plant  --  The Trump administration has tentatively approved ethanol producer PureField Ingredients' plan to bury its CO2 emissions in

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Treasury, IRS Deliver 45Z Proposal to White House OMB

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. Department of the Treasury and Internal Revenue Service on Dec. 17 delivered a proposed rule to set 45Z clean fuel production credit guidance to the White House Office of Management and Budget. OMB

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Top 10 Ag Stories of 2025: No. 10 -- From RFS Exemptions to E15 in CA, Biofuels Policy Makes News in 2025

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer)  From a Supreme Court ruling in favor of biofuels groups, to a new Renewable Fuel Standard volumes proposal and more debate on small-refinery exemptions, biofuels news this year was highly consequential and starts our Top

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45Z Tax Credits Set to Bring Windfall to Ethanol Plants

by Jared White (Brownfield Ag News)  Major changes to the 45Z tax credit are set to go into effect at the end of the month.            Scott Irwin, ag economist at the University of Illinois, says the

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reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Congressional Review Act Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 COP31 copper coppice copra CORCs (CO2 Removal Certificates) cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn husk corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude lignin oil (CLO) crude oil Cruise Ships Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi Customs and Border Protection cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping dual-fuel/flex fuel ships Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas (SNG)) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E10M90 ethanol/methanol E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E32 E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental attributes environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia Eswatini/Swaziland ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOAK (First of a Kind) FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHGP) Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h hairy vetch Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (HEFA-SKA) Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISB10 isobutanol ISB15 isobutanol ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State legumes lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime linseed Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill lupin Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps 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microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Energy Council National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American Indian/First Nation Tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas pipelines natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions NEN 7427-1 neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast Northern Australia northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oilcane Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate oyster shell ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photocatalysis/photocatalysts photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD15 RD20 RD26 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands Recycled Carbon Fuel (RCF) recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red 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hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil 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incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene tomato Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy travel policy Treasury Department trees tri-fuel ships Trinidad and 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