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Advanced Biofuels USA: promoting the understanding, development and use of advanced biofuels around the world.

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Gevo Contracts with Three Dairies to Provide Manure for Conversion into Biogas

by Patrick M. Graham (Proactive Investors) Gevo Inc (NASDAQ:GEVO) announced Wednesday that it has contracted with three dairies to provide manure that the company will convert into pipeline quality biogas (renewable

January 16, 2020 Read Full Article

RenovaBio Takes off

by Gabriel Miranda (EcoEngineers/Ethanol Producer Magazine) After several years of debate and public consultation, the Biofuels National Policy (RenovaBio) program finally became official on Dec. 24, 2019. The newborn program ratifies

January 15, 2020 Read Full Article

A Clean Fuels Policy for the Midwest

(Great Plains Institute)  This Initiative is exploring a clean fuels policy, at the state or regional level, as a marketdriven approach to achieving our economic, energy security, climate, environmental, and

January 8, 2020 Read Full Article

Cellulosic Biofuel Technology: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Mercurius Biorefining

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Reaching high is something Mercurius is familiar with, esp. with their REACH technology. Standing for renewable, acid-hydrolysis, condensation, hydrotreating, their REACH technology works at low temperature,

January 2, 2020 Read Full Article

New Animal Feeds for New York Farmers

(Specialist Nutrition) What does Specialist Nutrition do?  Specialist Nutrition is an Irish company that handles byproducts, primarily from the drinks industry. We manage the spent grain byproducts from the brewing and distilling

December 27, 2019 Read Full Article

RNG Opportunities and Takeaways: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Renewable Natural Gas

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  What are the current opportunities in renewable natural gas? Mike McCurdy, Managing Director at ICF set out to answer that question at ABLC NEXT in

December 26, 2019 Read Full Article

Marginal Improvement

by Matt Thompson (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Margins at some plants have begun to rise, but they’re still tight, and factors like crop condition and harvest progress will have an impact.

December 24, 2019 Read Full Article

Show Me The Money!: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to 1st Cash Cover Crop for the Midwest

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Cover crops are not all the same – just ask Dr. Tim Ulmasov, CTO of CoverCress who shared this presentation at ABLC NEXT in San Francisco to introduce

December 17, 2019 Read Full Article

How Can Ethanol Stay Competitive in California?

by Natasha Beilstein and Dr. Lei Zhu (EcoEngineers/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Ethanol producers need to reduce their CI score — and quickly: A low carbon fuel supply scenario analysis  — As

December 13, 2019 Read Full Article

The Thump at the Pump: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Gasoline vs. Ethanol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The debate of who rules – ethanol or gasoline – has been going on seemingly forever. Why does this debate drive everyone nuts? Which has the

December 9, 2019 Read Full Article

Gevo Discusses Plans for Low-Carbon Ethanol, RNG

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Gevo Inc. released third quarter financial results on Nov. 12, highlighting plans to sell low-carbon ethanol into the California marketplace, develop a 1 MMgy hydrocarbon

November 15, 2019 Read Full Article

Argonne National Laboratory Releases 2019 GREET Model

by Matt Thompson (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The Argonne National Laboratory’s 2019 GREET (Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation) models include changes and updates to carbon calculations for land

November 5, 2019 Read Full Article

Views from Napa Valley: A Peak at California’s Low Carbon Fuels Program (2019)

by Michele Rubino (Biofuels Digest)  … Take California’s climate change mitigation efforts – and specifically the LCFS (Low Carbon Fuels Standard), the State’s flagship Program aimed at decarbonizing the transportation

October 30, 2019 Read Full Article

Neste to Start Using Wind Power at Its Production Sites in Finland

(Neste) Neste is committed to lowering its carbon footprint in production ahead of the EU’s climate and energy targets. One concrete example of Neste’s climate work is its new long-term agreement

October 25, 2019 Read Full Article

Manure, Trash and Wastewater: U.S. Utilities Get Dirty in Climate Fight

by Nichola Groom (Reuters)  …  (Joey) Airoso is tapping into a growing market among U.S. utilities for so-called renewable natural gas, or biomethane, that is being driven by the fight against

October 24, 2019 Read Full Article

Fate of Green Hydrogen Depends on Ever Cheaper Renewables – for Now

by Max Hall (PV Magazine)  Analyst WoodMac has spelled out the urgent need to decarbonize the global hydrogen production industry. While the fuel can offer a sustainable grid balancing act

October 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Interaction Encouraged

by Lisa Gibson (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Jaime Finguerut, director of the Sugarcane Technology Institute in Brazil, showed a presentation slide titled, “EMERGENCY!” as he explained to his audience at The

October 23, 2019 Read Full Article

USDA Deputy Secretary Speaks at Global Ethanol Summit

by Matt Thompson (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Stephen Censky, deputy secretary of the USDA, delivered a keynote address during the second day of the Global Ethanol Summit on Tuesday in Washington,

October 18, 2019 Read Full Article

Canada’s Largest Ethanol Producer Takes Steps to Expand Production at Biorefinery

(Biofuels International)  Greenfield Global, the largest producer of ethanol in Canada, has taken steps to expand production at its Varennes biorefinery following the introduction of draft regulations on the minimum

October 18, 2019 Read Full Article

WEBINAR: Drop-In Biofuels: The Key Role that Co-Processing Will Play in Their Production

(IEA Bioenergy/Netzwerk Betreibstoffe) Presentation online  This webinar presents the 2019 update of the 2014 IEA Bioenergy Task 39 “drop-in” biofuels report. It reviews the status of technologies, the progress of

October 11, 2019 Read Full Article

The Present and Future for Pure-Plays: The Digest’s Multi-Slide Guide to Pacific Ethanol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Pacific Ethanol is a leading producer and marketer of low-carbon renewable fuels and high-quality alcohol products, and in some ways more importantly, they are a

October 7, 2019 Read Full Article

Off The Grid: From Reducing Energy Costs to Lowering Carbon Intensity Scores, the Benefits Are Many for Ethanol Plants that Cogenerate.

by Matt Thompson (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Conversations about how to squeeze more value out of ethanol plants often focus on corn fiber-to-ethanol systems and production of high-protein coproducts, or minimizing

September 24, 2019 Read Full Article

Colorado to Evaluate Feasibility of LCFS Program

by Erin Voegele (Biodiesel Magazine) Colorado has taken an initial step toward considering the establishment of a Low Carbon Fuel Standard. The Colorado Energy Office issued a documented quote (DQ)

September 18, 2019 Read Full Article

Gevo Successfully Secures Renewable Electricity for its Biofuel Production Processes

(Gevo/Globe Newswire)  Electricity from Wind Turbines will Power Gevo’s Agri-Energy Luverne Facility — Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ: GEVO) a leading renewable fuels and chemicals manufacturer, announced today it secured the supply of

September 16, 2019 Read Full Article

Collaboration Focus Of U.S. Ethanol Presence At Asia Pacific Petroleum Conference

(U.S. Grains Council)  U.S. Grains Council (USGC) staff, consultants and members attending the Asia Pacific Petroleum Conference (APPEC) in Singapore this week found reason for enthusiasm for ethanol’s future in the

September 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Governor Newsom Announces Climate Pollution Continues to Drop below 2020 Target while State’s Economy Grows

(California Air Resources Board) Governor Gavin Newsom today announced that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in California continued to fall ahead of schedule in 2017 as the state’s economy grew ahead

September 3, 2019 Read Full Article

CABA Comments on the CA Energy Commission’s Updated Investment Plan for the Clean Transportation Program

(California Advanced Biofuels Alliance Comments)  Re: Docket No. 18-ALT-01 – 2019-2020 Investment Plan Update for the Clean Transportation Program (ARFVTP) – California Advanced Biofuels Alliance Comments Dear Commissioners, Staff and

September 3, 2019 Read Full Article

A Farmer’s Plea to the President: Fix our Fuel

by Doug Sombke (The Hill/Farmers Union Enterprises and the South Dakota Farmers Union)  … I recently wrote a letter to the president suggesting a pathway out from under the proverbial rock. I urged

September 1, 2019 Read Full Article

Converting Algae into Rocket Biofuel

(ABS-CBN News)  A group of Filipino scientists say they found a way to convert algae into biofuel for rockets. In an interview with ANC’s Early Edition, Orbital Exploration Technologies founder

August 29, 2019 Read Full Article

Transport Biofuels: Tracking Clean Energy Progress

by Pharoah Le Feuvre   (International Energy Agency)  Transport biofuel production expanded 7% year-on-year in 2018, and 3% annual production growth is expected over the next five years. This falls short

August 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Mineral Oil Groups Ramp up HVO Production in the EU

(Union zur Förderung von Oel- und Proteinpflanzen (UFOP)/Biodiesel Magazine) Production of hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) in the European Union has picked up pace since 2012. Mineral oil groups, such as

August 16, 2019 Read Full Article

Environmental Advocates Should Take Another Look at Biofuels

by Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-IA) and former Sen. Timothy Wirth (D-CO)  (The Hill)  … But public policy to date has put almost the entire burden of the sector’s transformation on the

August 15, 2019 Read Full Article

SoCalGas and Electrochaea Announce Commissioning of New Biomethanation Reactor System Pilot Project

(Southern California Gas Co./PR Newswire)  Innovative project with U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory converts renewable electricity into renewable methane for storage in existing natural gas pipelines  —  Southern

August 15, 2019 Read Full Article

Gevo Enters into Purchase and Sale Agreement for Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Supply Air TOTAL International

(Gevo) Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ: GEVO) announced today that Air TOTAL International SA (“Air TOTAL”) and Gevo have entered into a partnership agreement to produce and supply sustainable aviation fuel (“SAF”)

August 15, 2019 Read Full Article

Aemetis Cuts Carbon Score of Keyes Ethanol Plant

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Aemetis Inc. released second quarter 2019 financial results Aug. 8. The company reported strong growth for its biodiesel business in India, outlined improvement projects underway

August 14, 2019 Read Full Article

New Energy Blue Buys Inbicon’s Low-Carbon Fuel Technology

(Oil and Gas 360/New Energy Blue)  NewEnergyBlue acquired exclusive rights to Inbicon bio-conversion technology throughout the Americas and will first employ it to turn North Dakota wheat straw into a high-value, carbon-neutral automotive

August 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Ethanol Improves Air Quality: Nations around the Globe Need to Follow Brazil, U.S.’s Lead in Ethanol Adoption to Lower GHG Emissions.

by Leticia Phillips (UNICA/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  We celebrated World Environment Day on June 5 and, although the date has passed, I believe the theme of this year’s event, air pollution, still

August 6, 2019 Read Full Article

Gevo Receives ISCC Plus Certification

(Geva/Globe Newswire)  Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ: GEVO) announced today (August 5, 2019) it has achieved its International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) under the ISCC PLUS scheme for Food, Feed, Industrial

August 6, 2019 Read Full Article

Letter: Protect Renewable Fuels

by Jim Lykam (Quad City Times)  I respectfully disagree with Kerry Etringer’s July 18 letter in which he described homegrown ethanol as a “sop” to farmers rather than a “good renewable source

August 2, 2019 Read Full Article

Renewable Hydrogen: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to SBI BioEnergy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Today’s top story talks about the value of hydrogen so what better Multi-Slide Guide than SBI BioEnergy and their renewable fuel process including their new venture

July 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Negatonnes: Beyond the ZEV, the Negative Emission Vehicle and Its Amazing Hydrogen Fuel and Electric Drive

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … There’s the technically tougher path, which is to split ethanol and make CO2 and hydrogen. The point source, high-grade CO2 has value. The bio-based hydrogen

July 23, 2019 Read Full Article

New University and Government Reports Set the Record Straight on Ethanol’s GHG Benefits

(Renewable Fuels Association)  Two new academic studies released this week provide further evidence that grain-based ethanol is significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and call into question the reliability of recent “land

July 17, 2019 Read Full Article

US Ethanol Groups Weigh in on Ontario’s E15 Plan

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Growth Energy, the Renewable Fuels Association and the U.S. Grains Council sent joint comments to Ontario’s Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks July 8 regarding

July 17, 2019 Read Full Article

Carbon-Negative Fuels Come Clearer, Closer with Oberon’s Leap to Demo Scale

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  From California comes news that Oberon Fuels has been officially awarded a grant for $2,876,139 from the California Energy Commission (CEC) for a first-of-its-kind, multi-phase project

July 16, 2019 Read Full Article

Stating Carbon Fuel Standards: BIO World Congress Eyes Taking Low-Carbon Fuel Standards Beyond California

by Chris Clayton (DTN The Progressive Farmer)  The uncertainty of the federal Renewable Fuels Standard and political fights with the petroleum industry are giving more weight to the need for major

July 11, 2019 Read Full Article

Vertimass Completes First Technology License To Alliance BioEnergy Plus Inc.

(Vertimass/Oil&Gas 360)  Vertimass’ ethanol to renewable chemicals and jet fuel offers ethanol producers new product capabilities  —  Vertimass completed its first technology license agreement with Alliance BioEnergy Plus, Inc. in West Palm Beach,

July 5, 2019 Read Full Article

Wärtsilä Forms Biogas Solutions Unit to Speed up Adoption of Clean Fuels

(Wärtsilä)    The technology group Wärtsilä further strengthens its commitment to environmental sustainability with the formation of Wärtsilä Biogas Solutions. Wärtsilä Puregas Solutions, specialists in biogas upgrading technology, is now

July 5, 2019 Read Full Article

Oberon Fuels Secures $2.9 Million Grant from State of California for First-Ever Production of Renewable Dimethyl Ether (rDME) in United States

(Oberon Fuels/Globe Newswire)  Oberon will upgrade its pilot plant to test new feedstock and increase production; 12 full-time and up to 30 indirect jobs created, mostly in Imperial Valley region of

July 2, 2019 Read Full Article

How Low Can You Go with Carbon?: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Aemetis

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Aemetis is an international renewable fuels and biochemicals company using patented industrial biotechnology for the construction and operation of advanced biorefineries. They own and operate a 60+

July 1, 2019 Read Full Article

European Research Project Claims Breakthrough in Production of Renewable Jet Fuels from Sunlight

(GreenAir Online)  A project funded by the EU and Switzerland claims to have made a breakthrough in producing renewable jet kerosene from sunlight, water and CO2. The SUN-to-LIQUID project follows on

June 28, 2019 Read Full Article

Senators Urge EPA to Update Science on Ethanol

(Feedstuffs)  EPA has rejected calls to update GHG calculations based on technological advancements in ethanol production. — A bipartisan group of senators led by Sens. Chuck Grassley (R., Iowa) and Dick Durbin (D., Ill.),

June 26, 2019 Read Full Article

From FEW: 45Q Represents Opportunity for Ethanol; Request for Comments DEADLINE: July 4, 2019

by Lisa Gibson (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Under new size specifications for the 45Q tax credit, almost all ethanol plants are eligible, said Jamey Cline, in business development for Christianson PLLP. With

June 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Households Who Use Heating Oil Should Be Preparing to Transition to Biofuel, Says Industry Body

by  Ross Bentley (East Anglian Daily Times)  OFTEC recommends thousands of homeowners in East Anglia who use heating oil to warm their homes should consider a new fuel made from food

June 22, 2019 Read Full Article

If Rice Is Nice, Rice Trash Is Cash: Gevo, Praj Working to Convert Rice Straw to Products

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … Specifically, in the past month, Gevo also executed an agreement with Praj to develop jet fuel and isooctane from rice straw and other feedstocks. Gruber

June 19, 2019 Read Full Article

Could the RFS Move Toward a Low Carbon Program Like LCFS?

by Jeff Barber (OPIS)  The idea of revising the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) to operate more like the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) appears to be getting a fresh look. The rise

June 18, 2019 Read Full Article

From Feedstock to By-Products: Using Blockchain to Trace Biofuels

by Peter Vincent (Grain Discovery/Biofuels Digest)  … But lost in this high-drama debate is the fact that blockchain’s most interesting use-case is much more down-to-earth: tracing agricultural products, including biofuels, back

June 5, 2019 Read Full Article

European Ethanol Scores Higher Greenhouse Gas Savings – Again

(ePURE) EU ethanol production and use resulted in more than 71% average savings over fossil fuels in 2018, according to the latest certified producer data; it’s the seventh straight year ethanol’s

May 31, 2019 Read Full Article

Ethanol Represents Fastest Growing U.S. Ag Export

(Feed & Grain/U.S. Grains Council)  In 2018, U.S. ethanol exports totaled more than 6.5 billion liters — A recent analysis by the U.S. Grains Council (USGC) shows non-beverage ethanol has been the

May 29, 2019 Read Full Article

Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due…Certifications and the Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  How do you know a company is telling the truth about their sustainability claims? How do you know that biofuel X really achieves an 80% GHG

May 29, 2019 Read Full Article

USGC Demonstrates Ethanol’s Cost Savings in Indonesia

(U.S. Grains Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Ethanol could generate significant cost savings while boosting octane in fuel supplies in Indonesia. That’s the message the U.S. Grains Council and its partners are conveying

May 28, 2019 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Gevo

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Digest’s new “Stocks Worth Tracking” Multi-Slide Guide Series highlights hot companies that are making strides

May 28, 2019 Read Full Article

Air BP and Neste Offer Sustainable Aviation Fuel at Stockholm Arlanda and Caen Airports in Support of SAJF Industry Initiative

(British Petroleum)  Air BP is offering sustainable aviation fuel at Stockholm Arlanda and Caen Carpiquet airports for both general and business

May 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Biomethane Becoming the Hallmark Renewable Transportation Fuel

by Daniel Gage (ACT News/NGV America)  In 2018, renewable natural gas (RNG) on-road fuel use reached an historic high. Of the 645

May 23, 2019 Read Full Article

CARB Touts Success of California’s Clean Fuels Rule

by Betsy Lillian (NGT News)  According to 2018 data from the California Air Resources Board (CARB), nearly 3.3 billion gallons of petroleum diesel

May 21, 2019 Read Full Article

GREET Advances Understanding of the Sustainability of Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biopower

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model is a tool that examines the life-cycle

May 16, 2019 Read Full Article

Biomass to Hydrocarbon Fuels and Chemicals: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Vertimass

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Vertimass technology converts renewable ethanol into gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel blend stocks and high value chemicals.

May 14, 2019 Read Full Article

Aemetis Details Progress with RNG, Cellulosic Ethanol Projects

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Aemetis Inc. released first quarter 2019 financial results May 9, reporting progress with its advanced

May 14, 2019 Read Full Article

California Certifies Two Edeniq Customers for Corn Kernel Fiber Ethanol

(Edeniq/Business Wire)  Siouxland Ethanol and Elite Octane received LCFS approvals using Edeniq’s Intellulose 2.0 corn fiber technology —  Edeniq, Inc. (“Edeniq”), a

May 14, 2019 Read Full Article

California Businesses Leading the Way to Environmental and Economic Success – Again

(Office of Assemblyman Eduardo Garcia, D-Coachella)  … The California Advanced Biofuels Alliance just released “A Roadmap for Eliminating Petroleum Diesel in California

May 2, 2019 Read Full Article

Canada: Renewable Natural Gas Now Part of the Low Carbon Fuel Standard

(Fortis BC/NGV Journal)  At a carbon intensity level equal to or even less than electric vehicle power, FortisBC’s renewable natural gas

April 30, 2019 Read Full Article

TransLink Sourcing RNG for Natural Gas Bus Fleet

by Betsy Lillian (NGT News)  TransLink and FortisBC have announced a partnership that will source renewable natural gas (RNG) for TransLink’s

April 30, 2019 Read Full Article

Annual ‘Biofuels in Canada’ 2019 Report Shows Record Reductions and Effectiveness of Canada’s Renewable Fuel Regulations

(Advanced Biofuels Canada/EIN News)  Advanced Biofuels Canada commissions fourth annual report, with expanded coverage of Canadian biofuel use, greenhouse gas reductions,

April 26, 2019 Read Full Article

Whitefox Announces its Fifth Successful ICE™ Start-up in the U.S. at Ace Ethanol in Wisconsin

(Whitefox/PR Newswire)  Whitefox Technologies Limited is proud to announce its fifth successful installation and start-up of its Whitefox ICE™ system at Ace

April 26, 2019 Read Full Article

Earth Day 2019 – A Look at Carbon Negative and Carbon Capture Technologies, Advancements, and Possibilities

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  … What was a nationwide celebration and peaceful demonstrations for environmental reform in the U.S. by

April 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Natural Gas Groups Quantify Environmental Impact of RNG Surge

by Betsy Lillian (NGT News)  During calendar year 2018, 32% of all on-road fuel used in natural gas vehicles was renewable

April 18, 2019 Read Full Article

Renewable Natural Gas On-Road Fuel Reaches Historical High

by Erick Sanchez (Natural Gas Vehicles for America)  Biomethane Motor Fuel Use Marks 577% Increase Over Last Five Years  —   Natural Gas

April 17, 2019 Read Full Article

Richardton Ethanol Plant Moves Forward with Carbon Capture Project

by Amy Dalrymple (Bismarck Tribune/Grand Forks Herald)  A project to capture carbon dioxide from a western North Dakota ethanol plant

April 17, 2019 Read Full Article

Energy Vision Urges N.Y. to Include Biomethane in Climate Legislation

(Energy Vision/Waste 360)  Energy Vision filed testimony with the New York State Legislature to include biomethane made from organic waste as

March 18, 2019 Read Full Article

Washington House Passes Clean-Fuels Legislation Sought by Inslee

by Joseph O’Sullivan and Hal Bernton (Seattle Times)  Washington House Democrats approved clean-fuels legislation Tuesday night after overcoming fierce Republican opposition

March 13, 2019 Read Full Article

101 for Low Carbon Fuel Standard

by Paul Greene (BioCycle Magazine/Montrose Environmental)  California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard, which grew out of the state’s Global Warming Solutions Act,

March 11, 2019 Read Full Article

Biogas To RNG Projects: What, Why And How

by Brad Pleima (BioCycle Magazine/EcoEngineers)  With prices for renewable electricity low in many states, biogas producers are turning to the renewable

March 11, 2019 Read Full Article

LCFS in California Means Big Gains for RNG

by Todd Campbell (California Natural Gas Vehicle Partnership)  California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) began the new year with significant and

March 4, 2019 Read Full Article

Campaigning on Climate

by Andrea Kent (Greenfield Global/Renewable Industries Canada/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  2019 is an election year in Canada and campaigning is already underway. Taking

February 26, 2019 Read Full Article

Ethanol Interests Comment on Canada Clean Fuel Standard

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com)  The Renewable Fuels Association (RFA), Growth Energy, and the U.S. Grains Council (USGC) jointly submitted comments this

February 22, 2019 Read Full Article

Low Hanging Fruit on the Climate Change Tree: Renewable Fuels in Gas and Diesel Engines

(Diesel Technology Forum)  As more governors look to California for leadership on climate change, they should look to what’s working in

February 19, 2019 Read Full Article

Almond Joy: CEC Poised to Award $10 Million to Advance Aemetis, West Coast Nut Waste-to-Fuels Commercial Projects

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In California, the California Energy Commission has issued a Notice of Proposed Award (NOPA) for a

February 5, 2019 Read Full Article

California Carbon Check

by  Susanne Retka Schill  (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  With values better than 1.6 cents per gallon per point, driving down carbon intensity

January 25, 2019 Read Full Article

Renewable Diesel Made up 10 Percent of Calif. Diesel Supply in Q2

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  The net supply of renewable diesel to California’s fuel market reached 100 million gallons during the

December 26, 2018 Read Full Article

Who’s Up, Down, Top, Charmed and Strange in the Bioeconomy: Learnings from the Earnings, as Four Bellwether Stocks Report

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … So, let’s look at Q3 earnings statements now just coming out from four of the

December 18, 2018 Read Full Article

A Fuel Value over $7.00 per Gallon, and Everyone’s Chasing It: The Birth of USA Bioenergy and the Surge in Renewable Diesel

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In California, we are now seeing project flow projecting a sustainable $7.63 price for renewable diesel

November 21, 2018 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide ABLC Guide to Anaergia

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Anaergia is the world leader in solving waste problems by recovering energy, water, and fertilizer from

November 20, 2018 Read Full Article

Renewable Diesel Is Increasingly Used to Meet California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard

by Steve Hanson and Neil Agarwal (U.S. Energy Information Administration)  … Renewable diesel net supply to California’s fuel market has

November 14, 2018 Read Full Article

Results Are In: Clariant’s Sunliquid Delivers 6X Lower Carbon Intensity than Fossil Gasoline

by Paolo Corvo (Clariant/Biofuels Digest)  Clariant sunliquid technology delivers low carbon intensity score of 15 gCO2/MJ for the cellulosic ethanol produced using

November 7, 2018 Read Full Article

Innovations in Biomass-Based Diesel

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Two ethanol producers are adopting quite different innovative technologies to add value to their

October 24, 2018 Read Full Article

British Columbia’s Low-Carbon Fuels Program

by Michael Rensing (British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources/Iea Bioenergy Task 39 Newsletter)  Among provincial regulations, British Columbia’s (BC) low-carbon

October 12, 2018 Read Full Article

CARB Action on LCFS Underscores Need for Ethanol-Supported HOLC Fuels

(Solutions from the Land)  Asserting that they are taking the state’s climate fight up a notch, members of the California Air

October 6, 2018 Read Full Article

US Court Dismisses Industry Challenge to Oregon Fuel Standards

by Brian Scheid (SP Global/Platts) A federal appeals court on Friday upheld Oregon’s low-carbon fuel standards, dismissing a challenge brought by

September 18, 2018 Read Full Article

Finding Pathways for Biofuels Advocates Say State Low-Carbon Fuel Policies Could Drive More Ethanol Demand

by Chris Clayton (DTN The Progressive Farmer)  Just a few blocks from the commotion and crowds at the Global Climate Action

September 17, 2018 Read Full Article

LCFS Matures: Amendments to California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard Could Lead to Favorable Changes for the Ethanol Industry.

by Tim Albrecht (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  … The LCFS is administered by the California Air Resources Board and uses a market-based

September 14, 2018 Read Full Article

Driving Decarbonization: How California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard Is Helping the Environment While Saving Lives and Growing the Biobased Economy

by Bryan Sherbacow (World Energy)  … To understand a low carbon fuel standard, it’s best to look at California as an example.

September 13, 2018 Read Full Article

ACE Releases White Paper on the Low Carbon Benefits of Corn Ethanol during 31st Annual Conference

(American Coalition for Ethanol)  The American Coalition for Ethanol (ACE) announced the official release of a White Paper today (August 17,

August 22, 2018 Read Full Article

Gevo to Deploy Shockwave’s Process to Enhance Production of Proteins and Vegetable Oils for the Food Chain While Lowering the Carbon Intensity of Its Ethanol and Isobutanol

(Gevo/Globe Newswire)  Shockwave to Finance the Deployment of Its Equipment at Gevo’s Luverne Facility  —  Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ: GEVO) announced today that it

August 14, 2018 Read Full Article

California Drivers Pay Growing Cost for Climate Program

by David R. Baker (San Francisco Chronicle)  A California program to fight climate change may now add more to the cost

August 10, 2018 Read Full Article

Strategic Intent: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to Renewable Energy Group

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Renewable Energy Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: REGI) is a leading provider of cleaner, lower carbon intensity products

August 10, 2018 Read Full Article

CARB Schedules Public Workshop to Discuss Proposed Amendments to the Low Carbon Fuel Standard Regulation — August 8, 2018 — Sacramento, CA

  CARB Schedules Public Workshop to Discuss Proposed Amendments to the Low Carbon Fuel Standard Regulation — August 8, 2018 — Sacramento, CA

(California Air Resources Board)  Public Workshopto discuss the proposed amendments to the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) Regulation. Topics include (1) Point

July 31, 2018 Read Full Article

A Shift in Power: Energy Recycling Technologies and Changing Market Dynamics Provide New Options for Electricity Production, and Revive Opportunities for Old Ones.

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Improving energy efficiency has long been the goal at ethanol plants and, increasingly, driving down

June 26, 2018 Read Full Article

Down to the Details: Kernel Fiber Now

by Lisa Gibson (Ethanol Producer Magazine) … EcoEngineers’ Director of Engineering Jim Ramm details Kernel Fiber Now, a service that

May 25, 2018 Read Full Article

RFA: RenovaBio Must Accurately Reflect Imported Ethanol Pathways

(Renewable Fuels Association/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Brazil’s RenovaBio program establishes national annual emissions reduction targets for transportation fuels that will likely require

May 22, 2018 Read Full Article

The Interaction of the Clean Air Act, California’s CAA Waiver, Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards, Renewable Fuel Standards and California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard

by Joanne Ivancic* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  The Trump Administration is taking a new look at Obama Administration era Co2 regulations.  On

May 21, 2018 0 comment Read Full Article

RFA to CARB: Ethanol Plays a Key Role in LCFS Success Story

by Emily Druckman (Renewable Fuels Association)  Ethanol has played a key role in the success of California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard

April 27, 2018 Read Full Article

California Considers Carbon Capture, for Ethanol

(Argus Media)   Ethanol producers selling fuel in California may emerge as a beneficiary of a technology often associated with the coal

April 27, 2018 Read Full Article

Canadian Biofuels Report: Ethanol at Full Capacity, Imports up

by Tim Albrecht (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Canada recently filed its 2017 annual biofuels report with the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service’s Global

April 24, 2018 Read Full Article

ACE Addressing Ethanol Marketing Challenges at NEB Forum

(American Coalition for Ethanol/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  American Coalition for Ethanol board member and past board president Ron Alverson of Dakota Ethanol

April 17, 2018 Read Full Article

BIC Approves Investment in Biodiesel Company Benefuel

(Bioindustrial Innovation Canada/Canadian Biomass Magazine)  Benefuel is a renewable energy company that utilizes their patented ENSEL catalyst technology to produce a

April 5, 2018 Read Full Article

Scientists Say California Can Get Tougher on Clean Fuels

(Union of Concerned Scientists/Biodiesel Magazine)  California can reduce carbon emissions by more than 70 million metric tons by 2030, akin to

April 4, 2018 Read Full Article

China Meets 2020 Carbon Target ahead of Schedule – Xinhua

by David Stanway (Reuters)  China met its 2020 carbon intensity target three years ahead of schedule last year, the official Xinhua

April 2, 2018 Read Full Article

ACE Talks Opportunities, Challenges for Ethanol Demand in 2018

by Tim Albrecht  (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The American Coalition for Ethanol hosted a webinar Feb. 20 titled “Opportunities and Challenges to

March 13, 2018 Read Full Article

How Biofuels from Plant Fibers Could Combat Global Warming

by Mary Guiden (Colorado State University) … A study from Colorado State University finds new promise for biofuels produced from switchgrass,

March 12, 2018 Read Full Article

California Here I Come: Ethanol Industry Looking to California’s Lucrative Low Carbon Market

by Jessie Stolark (Enviromental and Energy Study Institute)  Two recently announced major joint ventures from ethanol producers – one in the

March 9, 2018 Read Full Article

ICM, The Andersons to Develop 70 MMgy Ethanol Plant in Kansas

(ICM/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ICM Inc., a global leading biofuels process technology provider, and The Andersons Inc., a publicly-traded company with diverse

March 6, 2018 Read Full Article

Renewable Dairy Fuels Kicks off Construction of Indiana Biogas Facility

by Betsy Lillian (NGT News)  Renewable Dairy Fuels (RDF), a business unit of AMP Americas, has announced that construction has begun on what

February 13, 2018 Read Full Article

That Was Then, This Is NOW! or The New Economics of Biogas Projects

by Scott Warfield (CERES Project Services/Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest)  … The big game changer for financing, profitability and financial returns of anaerobic

February 8, 2018 0 comment Read Full Article

Big Oil, Biodiesel Join Forces to Combat Electrification

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  Even though the petroleum and biodiesel industries rarely see eye to eye on U.S. energy policy,

January 24, 2018 Read Full Article

EERC, Red Trail Energy Continue to Reduce CO2 Emissions

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Red Trail Energy LLC and the University of North Dakota Energy & Environmental Research Center

January 3, 2018 Read Full Article

Biofuels Mandates Around the World 2018

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Florida, the Digest today releases its annual review of biofuels mandates and targets around the

January 2, 2018 Read Full Article

Inside Insight

by Lisa Gibson (Ethanol Producer Magazine) To kick off the new year, we rounded up a few experts to discuss five

December 27, 2017 Read Full Article

CARB Working to Address Biodiesel NOx Emissions: Court Filing

by Josh Pedrick (Platts)  Ongoing legal challenges to the way California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard deals with nitrogen oxide emissions from biodiesel

December 26, 2017 Read Full Article

California’s LCFS: Unlocking Value in Low-Carbon Liquid Fuels

(Propel)  New study outlines how to make America’s most important low carbon policy more equitable. —  According to new research, low carbon

December 11, 2017 Read Full Article

Lo-Carb at Ay Speed: The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  There are two approaches to encouraging low-carbon fuels  — volumetric mandates and carbon reduction incentives. What is

December 5, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

Biofuels, Electrification, Efficiency: All Necessary in Transport Sector Decarbonization

by Jessie Stolark (Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  … Global leaders will need to decide on and implement deep decarbonization strategies

November 30, 2017 Read Full Article

Technology Key to Ensuring Sustainable Bioenergy and Biofuel Production

(EU Science Hub)  Bioenergy is the most common renewable energy source in Europe – and it’s expected to continue to make

November 27, 2017 Read Full Article

Brazil to Launch Ambitious Biofuels Program

by Leticia Phillips (UNICA/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  RenovaBio will help Brazil meet its commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 43 percent of

November 27, 2017 Read Full Article

New Report: California Oil Among World’s Dirtiest — Rampant Oil Production Undermines State’s Climate Leadership

(Center for Biological Diversity)  Three-quarters of California’s oil is as climate-damaging as Canadian tar sands crude, according to a Center for

November 10, 2017 Read Full Article

California Cars Are Running on Restaurant Grease

by Robert Tuttle (Bloomberg Technology)  Renewable diesel use surges amid low-carbon fuel program; Second-biggest source of low-carbon fuel credits after ethanol   —  California’s

October 25, 2017 Read Full Article

Dairy-Derived RNG Fuel Cleaner than Electricity As the Company Opens New Office in Los Angeles And Pledges 100% RNG to All Its CNG Customers

(Fleets and Fuels)  Amp Claims Lowest CI Rating Ever By Far  —  Amp Americas said yesterday that its RNG/renewable natural

October 5, 2017 Read Full Article

Studies Show Ethanol Crop Residues Provide A Billion-Dollar Business Opportunity

(Trestle Energy/CISION PR Newswire)  New economic impact analyses highlight the untapped value of crop residue byproducts of ethanol production for

September 21, 2017 Read Full Article

California’s Supreme Court Denies ARB Petition To Review LCFS Case

By Joshua T. Bledsoe and Kimberly Farbota (Latham’s Clean Energy Law Report) In a previous post, we described how potential delays in

September 1, 2017 Read Full Article

Brazil’s Ethanol Producers and Automakers Sign Cooperation Accord

by Fernando Calmon (Just Auto)  … Sugar cane-based ethanol, besides powering electricity generation, manages to capture 90% of CO2 emissions throughout its

July 25, 2017 Read Full Article

OPIS Publishes White Paper: “Implications for Revitalized Brazilian Sugarcane Ethanol and U.S.-Produced Corn Ethanol”

Brazil’s Ministry of Mines and Energy recently launched RenovaBio, a program poised to take a radically new approach to expanding

July 24, 2017 Read Full Article

Regulating the Indirect Land Use Carbon Emissions from Biofuels Imposes High Hidden Costs on Fuel Consumers

(Phys.Org/ University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)  … To penalize the carbon emissions from this so-called indirect land use change, the USEPA

June 28, 2017 Read Full Article

California LCFS Guides Advanced Biofuels Industry

by Heather Zhang (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Carbon credit prices recover and multiple new pathways are certified as the state’s program

June 27, 2017 Read Full Article

ND Ethanol Plant Could Become First in US to Store Carbon Underground

by Ellie Potter (Grand Forks Herald) Red Trail Energy may soon be the first ethanol plant in the United States

June 7, 2017 Read Full Article

Clean Energy RNG for Republic Services

by Rich Piellisch  (Fleets & Fuels)  Using Redeem Brand Renewable Natural Gas in 20 States; Waste Hauler Will Triple Its Use

May 31, 2017 Read Full Article

US Biofuels Producer REG Opens Centre in Amsterdam

(Biofuels International)  US advanced biofuels producer Renewable Energy Group (REG) has hosted a ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the opening of

May 30, 2017 Read Full Article

CARB Report Finds 100% Compliance with Low Carbon Fuel Standard

by Lauren Tyler  (NGT News)  The 2016 Compliance Report for the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), released today by the

May 18, 2017 Read Full Article

LCFS vs RFS: As Two Contend for the Renewables Heavyweight Championship, Who Is the Greatest? Carbon 2017 Part 2 of 3

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  What is different about a Low Carbon Fuel Standard — as compared to a Renewable

May 11, 2017 Read Full Article

Growth Energy, RFA, USGC Submit Comments in Response to Paper on Clean Fuel Standard

(Growth Energy)  Growth Energy and the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) joined the U.S. Grains Council (USGC) in submitting comments in

May 5, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

Great Leaf Forward: The Top 10 Trends Driving the Canadian Advanced Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Although the bigger players — China, the US, Brazil and the EU take most of the

May 2, 2017 Read Full Article

Unstash That Trash: Material(s) Progress in Making Fuels, Chemicals from Municipal Solid Waste

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  News this week arrived from Canada that Enerkem has received the lowest carbon intensity value

April 26, 2017 Read Full Article

Let’s Not Forget Carbon Just Yet

by Ron Alverson (Ethanol Producer Magazine/American Coalition for Ethanol)  Life-cycle modeling for ethanol needs to be updated to reflect big improvements

April 24, 2017 Read Full Article
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Brunswick Newfoundland new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds NTSB nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol off-take agreements Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins olive cake olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peaches peak oil peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot scale pine pineapple pine beetle pine nut pinion pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poland Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter power-to-gas power-to-liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propanol property insurance protectionism protein protests public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week R33 rabbits race radiata pine Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rainforest RAND rare earth metal RD20 RD30 RD99 RD100 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming regulations Regulations-Federal 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(RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion retail retrofit return on investment R Factor RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island Ricardo rice rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rotation crops royalties RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass s saccharification Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC SAK sales Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar sal tree salt water Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy Scotland scum sea level rise seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed-to-wheel seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil sheep shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smokestack soap social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar-to-fuels solar biofuels solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solid oxide fuel cell Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soybean prices soybeans soy meal Spain spartina specifications sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve straw students sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel Sugar Beets/Energy Beets sugar cane sugar cane prices sugar cane straw Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugars sugars-to-fats sugar standards sulfur Sumatra sunflower supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweetgum sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas syngas fermentation synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic methane Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree Tamarix tank-to-wheel tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination 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