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Advanced Biofuels USA: promoting the understanding, development and use of advanced biofuels around the world.

Advanced BioFuels USA

Railroad/Train/Locomotive Fuel

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On Track to Lower Emissions

by Katie Schroeder and Anna Simet (Biodiesel Magazine) Biodiesel has not been greatly incorporated into the locomotive industry for a number of reasons, but that may be poised to change.

June 14, 2022 Read Full Article

Alternative Fuels Are Today’s Solution Bridging the Gap Toward a Zero Emissions Future

by Lisa Colicchio (Metrolink/Biofuels Digest)  … Many advanced biofuels deliver up to 80 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Even more impressive than the emission reductions offered by advanced biofuels is

April 26, 2022 Read Full Article

TRAIN—a 5-letter word for EARTH MONTH

TRAIN locomotives can use sustainable, renewable fuel, too.  Diesel engines can use biodiesel mixtures or 100% renewable diesel. Amtrak uses diesel when electricity is not available. LEARN more: https://advancedbiofuelsusa.info/category/railroad-locomotive-fuel/  

April 4, 2022 Read Full Article

Argonne Researcher Tests New Approach to Lighten the Carbon Footprint of Locomotives

by Kristen Mally Dean (Argonne National Laboratory) Using hydrous ethanol as a dual fuel in internal combustion engines may help reduce greenhouse gases in the rail industry. — … Essam El-Hannouny,

March 30, 2022 Read Full Article

Decarbonisation Drive: Japan Businesses Eye Biofuels

(Asia News Network/Phnom Penh Post) Efforts to reuse cooking oil and food waste as biofuel are spreading among Japan’s restaurant chains and food manufacturers. In addition to being an effective way

March 29, 2022 Read Full Article

Union Pacific to Use Higher Biodiesel, Renewable Diesel Blends in Wabtec Locomotives

(Union Pacific Railroad/Biobased Diesel Daily) Union Pacific Railroad announced March 8 it will begin using a higher biodiesel blend in locomotives it acquired from Wabtec Corp. The new collaboration helps Union

March 8, 2022 Read Full Article

Opinion: Clean Fuel Production Is Growing Sustainably

by Donnell Rehagen (National Biodiesel Board/Clean Fuels Alliance America/Agri/Pulse) America’s demand for cleaner, better fuels is growing. Washington state recently joined Oregon and California in launching a clean fuels program. New

January 13, 2022 Read Full Article

CN and Progress Rail Advance Sustainability Efforts with a Renewable Fuels Partnership

(Canadian National Railway Company/Associated Press)  Canadian National Railway Company (CN) and Progress Rail, a Caterpillar Company are partnering with Renewable Energy Group (REG) to test high-level renewable fuel blends including both

November 4, 2021 Read Full Article

Reducing Emissions, Boosting Efficiency, Using Renewable Fuels Drives the Future for Diesel Technology

(Diesel Technology Forum)  … “Globally, one out of every two economic sectors depend on diesel power. Trucks, trains, buses, marine workboats, as well as agricultural, forestry, mining and construction equipment rely almost exclusively on diesel. Even as new fuels and

November 2, 2021 Read Full Article

COMMENTARY: We Need a More Sophisticated Discussion on the Rail versus Domestic Flights Climate Issue

by Andy Smith (GreenAir Online)  In April this year, as part of climate measures to reduce carbon emissions, French MPs voted to ban flights on domestic routes that can be travelled by

October 27, 2021 Read Full Article

DOE Announces Nearly $8 Million for National Laboratory H2@Scale Projects to Help Reach Hydrogen Shot Goals

(U.S. Department of Energy)  Tthe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced nearly $8 million for nine cooperative projects that will complement existing H2@Scale efforts and support DOE’s Hydrogen Shot goal to drive down the

October 7, 2021 Read Full Article

Union Pacific and Progress Rail Partner to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Locomotive Series’ Approved to Use Higher Biodiesel Blends

(Union Pacific) Union Pacific locomotives will be getting a boost of biodiesel fuel. Progress Rail, a Caterpillar company, approved the use of up to 20% biodiesel blend in specific EMD locomotive

August 23, 2021 Read Full Article

Bioenergy’s Role in Decarbonizing Economy: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to BETO & Biomass

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Biomass is the world’s largest generator of renewable energy and this slide guide from BETO’s Acting Director, Valerie Reed, highlights the role that bioenergy and

August 12, 2021 Read Full Article

Project to Run UK Locomotive on Biogas, Hydrogen Receives Gov’t Funding

(Bioenergy Insight)  UK rail freight provider Freightliner, working in partnership with a consortium of specialist suppliers, has secured government funding to develop a dual-fuel solution for the Class 66 locomotive.

July 20, 2021 Read Full Article

Spain: Repsol and Talgo Will Develop Renewable Hydrogen-Powered Train

(Repsol/NGV Journal) Repsol and Talgo will jointly develop projects to promote the creation of renewable hydrogen-powered trains and promote emission-free rail transport in the Iberian Peninsula. The agreement has been signed

July 19, 2021 Read Full Article

Trains, Planes and CO2 Emissions

by Matthew Choi (Politico’s Morning Energy)  Aviation is a leading source of emissions in Europe, and absent an immediate way to reduce CO2, European governments are trying to reduce the

May 10, 2021 Read Full Article

All Aboard: From NorCal to SoCal, New Generation of Diesel to Deliver Clean Air, Climate Benefits to California Rail Commuters and Residents

(Diesel Technology Forum)  LA’s Metrolink and Bay Area’s Capitol Corridor Commuter Rail Service Both Invest in New Advanced Diesel Engines Powered with 100% Renewable Diesel  —  Key commuter rail providers in

April 27, 2021 Read Full Article

Freight Railroads & Climate Change

(Association of American Railroads) … And AAR and its members have formed a dedicated working group to understand new lower-or-zero-carbon fuel technologies and other climate-related issues … Another potential fuel

March 1, 2021 Read Full Article

Biomethane-Powered Railcars Could Be Introduced in the UK

(Bioenergy Insight)  Lightweight railcars powered by biomethane derived from human, farm, and food waste could be introduced in the UK. Ultra Light Rail Partners has received a £60,000 (€66,700) Innovate

January 5, 2021 Read Full Article

GPS Group and VARO Energy Embark on Further Expansion: Port of Amsterdam Set for New Rail System

(Varo) Through their close partnership GPS will develop a rail handing system as well as dedicated ethanol storage for VARO.  The expansion follows GPS-A having commissioned c.134 thousand m3 of Class 1

November 13, 2020 Read Full Article

Renewable Natural Gas Hybrid Line-Haul Locomotive under Development

(OptiFuel)   OptiFuel Systems, a system integrator of Cummins and BAE Systems hybrid power products for decarbonizing the rail, marine, and microgrid power market, is in the process of finalizing a

July 29, 2020 Read Full Article

In 2020 and Beyond, Freight and Passenger Rail Rely on Diesel

(Diesel Technology Forum)  … Near-zero emissions, suitability for hybridization and electrification and the ability to utilize more advanced renewable biofuels are all key features of advanced diesel technology today and

April 14, 2020 Read Full Article

KAI, Servo Railway Collaborate to Design B100-Run Locomotive

by Faisal Yunianto and Sri Haryati (Antara News)  State-owned railway company PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) Persero is working with private logistical railway service firms Servo Railway and Progress Rail

October 1, 2019 Read Full Article

KiwiRail Firms up Plans for Biodiesel Trials Despite Supply Doubts

by Meriana Johnsen (Newsie)  KiwiRail is set to trial biodiesel on some trains and ferries, but it cannot source enough to switch completely anytime soon. A six-to-12-month trial on off-peak Wellington

June 18, 2019 Read Full Article

B20 Fuel Compatible with Train Engines, Ministry Says

(Jakarta Post)  After completing a six-month study on the use of B20 biodiesel on train locomotives, the government concluded that the B20 fuel — a blend of 20 percent of biofuel

December 26, 2018 Read Full Article

CCJPA Eyes Renewable Diesel to Power Trains for a Sustainable Future

by Danielle Halprin  (Capitol Corridor) … One action now underway is the replacement of petroleum diesel with the more environmentally friendly renewable diesel to power Capitol Corridor trains. In late 2017, we tested one of

July 30, 2018 Read Full Article

Krollen Strukton Rail Now Works on Sustainable Biofuels

(Good Fuels (Google Translation))  Strukton Rail, together with GoodFuels (supplier of sustainable biofuels) and Hans de Baat Olieprodukten BV (distributor), signs a multi-year cooperation agreement to reduce the CO2 emissions of the

May 30, 2018 Read Full Article

18 New Biodiesel Fuelled Trains Coming to the Netherlands

(Biofuels International)  Arriva has been named as the winner of the next contract to operate regional passenger rail services in Groningen and Friesland, the Netherlands. The move will see 18

July 20, 2017 Read Full Article

Railways Goes Slow on Biodiesel Blending Due to Fluctuating Prices

(The Hindu Business Line)  Indian Railways has gone slow on bio-diesel blending due to fluctuating prices, according to the Railway Convention Committee (RCC) report, tabled in Parliament recently. According to

April 5, 2017 Read Full Article

With Its First Biodiesel-Fuelled Train, Bengaluru Division to Join Green Wagon

by S Lalitha (The New Indian Express)  An eco-friendly initiative will be launched at City Railway Station on Monday when the Chennai-Mysuru Shatabdi Express will be run on diesel blended

December 11, 2015 Read Full Article

Romanian Manufacturer Introduces First Biodiesel-Run Locomotive

(Romania Insider)  Locomotive producer Reloc – Electroputere VFU Craiova has developed the first locomotive in Romania which runs exclusively on biodiesel or vegetable oil, with no added fuel. The engine

September 23, 2015 Read Full Article

Railways to Use Bio-Diesel in a Big Way

by R. Rajaram (The Hindu)  It will account for 5 p.c. of the total diesel consumption in the railways  —  Southern Railway has decided to use bio-diesel in a big way

September 11, 2015 Read Full Article

India to Power Trains with Biodiesel

(Biofuels International)  Indian Central Railway (CR) has completed its first year of biodiesel production at its workshop in the Parel area of Mumbai. The plant has produced nearly 20,000 litres

August 10, 2015 Read Full Article

Swedish Train Operator to Convert Feet to Biodiesel by 2020

(Global Rail News)  Swedish operator Inlandsbanan AB has said it hopes to convert its entire fleet of passenger and freight vehicles to bio-diesel by 2020.  Inlandsbanan AB has received funding from

June 30, 2015 Read Full Article

Cabinet Also Allows Private Manufacturers of Bio-Diesel to Sell It Directly to Consumers such as the Railways

by Vidhi Choudhary and Sayantan Bera (Live Mint)  On Friday, the cabinet also decided to allow private manufacturers of bio-diesel to sell it directly to users such as Indian Railways,

January 20, 2015 Read Full Article

World’s First Carbon-Neutral Higher-Speed Locomotive

by Joshua S. Hill (CleanTechnica.com)  The Coalition for Sustainable Rail (CSR) announced Tuesday plans to create the world’s first carbon-neutral higher-speed locomotive. The plan is simple: “create the world’s cleanest,

May 29, 2012 Read Full Article

Railway in Hyogo Unveils Biodiesel-Fueled Train

(The Japan Times)  Japan’s first train to run on biodiesel fuel, in this case refined edible oil, has taken to the tracks in Hyogo Prefecture. Hojo Railway Co., a third-sector

October 20, 2010 Read Full Article

Norfolk Southern Railway and Electro-Motive Diesel Inc. (EMD) Partnering to Test Biodiesel for Locomotive Fuel Applications

(Progressive Railroading)  Under “one of the most extensive testing programs to date on the use of biodiesel fuel for locomotives,” eight SD70M-2 units and two MP15 switchers manufactured by EMD

April 15, 2010 Read Full Article

Iowa Interstate Railroad to Test Biodiesel; Special Railroad Biodiesel Update

Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)   In Iowa, the Iowa Interstate Railroad in Cedar Rapids, Iowa announced it has commenced testing B10 and B20 biodiesel blends supplied by Renewable Energy Group. As

September 17, 2009 Read Full Article

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rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Honge tree nuts Hong Kong hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrids Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrocarbon fuels hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen hydrogen aircraft hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen fuel cells hydrogenolysis hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indiana Indian beech tree Indian grass indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine internal combustion engine/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactose Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquidation liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M3 M15 M50 M100 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts mass balance standard Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methan methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks methanization Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol fuel cells methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gasoline natural gas prices natural gas vehicles Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil/gas terminals oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper 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Racing railroad rainforest rain tree RAND rare earth metal RD10 RD20 RD30 RD55 RD80 RD99 RD100 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/REDIII) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment R Factor RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island Ricardo rice rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable 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Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solaris solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soybean prices soybeans soy meal Spain spartina specifications Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) subsid succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel Sugar Beets/Energy Beets sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugars sugars-to-fats sugar standards sulfur Sumatra sunflower sunflower stalks supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Suriname sustain Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweetgum sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas syngas/gas fermentation synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung Tamarix tank-to-wheel tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade 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