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Brazil: Adecoagro & Galileo Embark on Biomethane for Vehicles Project

(Galileo Technologies/NGV Journal) Starting this month, Adecoagro, one of the main food and renewable energy producers in South America, replaces fossil fuels with bio-CNG in 13 fleet vehicles in its sugar processing facility in Ivinhema (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil): seven

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Cooperation Uniper and Port of Rotterdam Authority in Production Green Hydrogen

(Uniper) Energy company Uniper and the Port of Rotterdam Authority have entered into an agreement for developing the production of green hydrogen at the Uniper location on Maasvlakte. These plans build on the findings of a recent feasibility study and are

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Turning Carbon into Solar Fuel – Closing the Loop on CO2 Emissions

by Scarlett Evans (Bio Market Insights)  ...  Finding technologies to curb our carbon is essential, and attention is turning to projects that make carbon cutting a priority. One such project is that of Swinburne University of Technology’s Associate professor Tianyi Ma, who

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e-Book: Methanol vs Green Ammonia – The Future of Marine Fuels

(Argus Media) Featuring expert insights from across the shipping industry, including a range of stakeholders from the methanol and green ammonia sectors, this series of interviews will bring clarity to a much-debated topic.  Contributors include Yara International, NYK Line, Lloyd’s

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Fact Sheet: Biden Administration Advances the Future of Sustainable Fuels in American Aviation

(White House) New Actions Aim to Produce Three Billion Gallons of Sustainable Fuel, Reduce Aviation Emissions by 20% by 2030, and Grow Good-Paying, Union Jobs  --  Today (September 9, 2021), President Biden is taking steps to coordinate leadership and innovation across

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The World’s Biggest Plant to Capture CO2 from the Air Just Opened in Iceland

by Michael Birnbaum (Washington Post)  The Orca, an installation built by Climeworks, will capture 4,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year — and serve as a blueprint for similar technology.  -- A major new facility to pull carbon dioxide

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Blue Hydrogen for Transport in the US: The Transition to Green Hydrogen & the Conduit to Keeping Pace with the EU

by Salim Rahemtulla (PowerTap Hydrogen Fueling Corp./Biofuels Digest)  As the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) indicates in its Hydrogen Program Plan it published in 2020, “Hydrogen, as a versatile energy carrier and chemical feedstock, offers advantages that unite all of

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Breakthrough Methods Help Integrate Renewable Hydrogen with Waste Carbon Dioxide to Produce Clean Fuels, Chemicals, and More

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  ... NREL is validating utility-scale hydrogen-production processes that could provide tomorrow’s clean fuels and chemical feedstocks to produce low-carbon, high-value products. New IP To Simplify Renewable Hydrogen Reactions Renewable hydrogen could fit into future low-carbon energy systems like

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Jet Fuel from Smokestacks

by Keith Button (Aerospace America)  The air transport industry lacks enough suppliers of sustainable aviation fuel to meet the anticipated demand as airlines become more aggressive about reining in their carbon footprints and more travelers take to the air. Keith Button

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Offering Biofuel Vehicles Will Be Mandatory for Auto Makers within 6 Months: Nitin Gadkari

(The Print) Consumers will have a choice between petrol & bioethanol. The switch to alternative is due to the surplus production of crops in India, from which bioethanol is made, Gadkari said.  -- Union Minister Nitin Gadkari on Tuesday said India will

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Tenneco Explores Synthetic Fuels for Climate-Neutral Mobility

Tenneco is putting its 100-plus years of powertrain expertise in improving vehicle fuel efficiency and reducing emissions to work to explore synthetic fuels (e-fuels), a viable near-term solution to further maximize the efficiency and minimize the carbon footprint of internal

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Velocys Technology Selected for Japanese E-Fuels Project

(Velocys) Velocys plc (VLS.L), the sustainable fuels technology company, is pleased to announce its Fischer Tropsch (FT) technology has been selected for an e-fuels project by Toyo Engineering Corporation (TOYO) and its consortium of six leading Japanese companies. E-fuels are a

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NASA Awards $750,000 in Competition to Convert Carbon Dioxide into Sugar

(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)  On Earth, plants and ocean microbes use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide, or CO2, into sugars for energy. Humans don't have that ability, at least not yet. On Mars, there aren’t plants and oceans, but there is

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Blue Hydrogen for Transport in the US: The Transition to Green Hydrogen & the Conduit to Keeping Pace with the EU

by Salim Rahemtulla (PowerTap Hydrogen Fueling Corp./Biofuels Digest)  ... In its Hydrogen Program Plan, the DOE demonstrates support for the International Energy Association’s Future of Hydrogen, released at the 2019 G20 Summit, in its effort to “Stimulate commercial demand for clean

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Maersk Secures Green E-Methanol for the World’s First Container Vessel Operating on Carbon Neutral Fuel

(Maersk)  European Energy will establish a new e-methanol facility in Denmark and provide renewable energy to fuel it. --  A.P. Moller - Maersk has identified its partners to produce green fuel for its first vessel to operate on carbon neutral methanol:

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Bioenergy’s Role in Decarbonizing Economy: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to BETO & Biomass

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Biomass is the world’s largest generator of renewable energy and this slide guide from BETO’s Acting Director, Valerie Reed, highlights the role that bioenergy and biomass plays in decarbonizing the economy, worldwide SAF production projection,

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Fincantieri Eyes Biofuels to Power Future Warships

by Tom Kington  (Defense News) Of all the alternative fuels touted as future solutions for cleaner warships, one of Europe’s shipyards is betting on cow manure. “I see biofuels based on substances like agricultural biomass and food waste as the

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Phillips 66 Hits Full 120 mgy Rate of Renewable Diesel Production in Rodeo, California

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily) In its second-quarter financials, Phillips 66 said the hydrotreater conversion at its Rodeo Renewed refinery in California outside of San Francisco reached the full rate of renewable diesel production last month, which is 120 million

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Top 5: Hydrogen, Bioenergy & CCUS to “Crack the Nut” on Decarbonization

by Tammy Klein (Transportation Energy Strategies)  ... • Hard-to-Abate Transport Sectors: A Citi report notes that hydrogen, bioenergy and CCUS are key to “cracking the nut” of hard-to-abate sectors like aviation, shipping and trucking and recommends sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)

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Giving up on Climate Change? EU Says No Way – Invests $140M in Decarbonizing Projects

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  ... The good news is for the first time since the creation of the Innovation Fund, the EU’s latest investment of €118 million (about $140 million) into 32 small innovative projects located in 14 EU Member

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Your Top Questions Answered: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to DigestConnect’s Q&A

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Want your most perplexing questions of the year answered? If you missed the last DigestConnect of the season, then check out this Q&A slide guide on RD, SAF, RNG, CellEth, DME, PET, BDO, LPG, foods,

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Climate Explained: Could Biofuels Replace All Fossil Fuels in New Zealand?

by Troy Baisden (University of Waikato/The Conversation) A quick look at the numbers suggests New Zealand would have enough land to produce biomass energy to replace the nation’s current fossil fuel use. But this doesn’t mean we have the technology

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Scientists to Develop CO₂-Free Fermentation Technology amid Surging Demand for Low-Carbon Biofuel

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory) By Combining Electrochemistry With Fermentation, NREL’s Biorefining Process Could Both Increase Fuel Yields and Recycle Carbon Dioxide --  As much as one-third of the carbon in sugar is lost as carbon dioxide (CO2) during fermentation processes that

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Converting Renewable Electricity into Stable Molecules Could Provide Long-Term Energy Storage

by Beth Mundy (Tech Xplore/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)  For renewable energy and energy storage technologies, variation is the name of the game. The intensity of the natural resources that provide renewable energy varies from day to day, as well as season to

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BC to Launch Clean Energy Initiative Supporting SAF, RNG

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine) The British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Low Carbon on July 16 announced the launch of an initiative that will fund a variety of clean energy projects, including those focused on sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)

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UPDATE 1-Private Equity Firm to Buy Canada's Idled Come-by-Chance Oil Refinery

by Devika Krishna Kumar (Reuters) Private equity firm Cresta Fund Management has agreed to buy a controlling stake in idled Canadian 135,000-barrel-per-day (bpd) Come-by-Chance refinery, a fund representative said on Monday, with the aim of converting it to renewable fuels production. The

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Crapo, Whitehouse, Reed, Panetta Introduce Legislation to Encourage Innovation in the Clean Energy Sector

(Office of Senator Mike Crapo (R-Idaho)) According to a report by the International Energy Agency, approximately 40 percent of cumulative CO2 emissions reductions needed to meet sustainability targets rely on technologies not yet commercially deployed on a mass-market scale.  Senator Mike Crapo (R-Idaho),

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Household Waste and Sewage to Be Used in Jet Fuel Production as Government Makes World-Leading Sustainable Aviation Fuel Commitments

(U.K. Department for Transport and The Rt Hon Grant Shapps MP)  Companies receive funding for sustainable fuel production while sustainable aviation fuel mandate consultation is launched. -- 8 companies have been shortlisted to share £15 million government funding to support

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Hydrocarbon Fuels from Industrial Off Gas: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to LanzaTech

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  LanzaTech’s Dr. Laurel Harmon shared this illuminating slide guide at the BETO Peer Review on jet and diesel fuel production from industrial waste gases, commercialization of ethanol-to-jet technology by building a standalone Alcohol-to-Jet pre-commercial demonstration

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Lufthansa Technik and Hamburg Airport Start Hydrogen-Powered Aircraft Research Project

by Christopher Surgenor (GreenAir Online)  MRO and technical aircraft services provider Lufthansa Technik has joined with Hamburg Airport in an initiative to design and test maintenance and ground processes for handling liquid hydrogen (LH2) that is expected to be used

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Direct Air Capture CO2 for Aviation E-fuels Production Faces Many Obstacles, Finds E4Tech Study

by Susan van Dyk (GreenAir Online)  Although using CO2 from direct air capture (DAC) is important for e-fuels production in a net zero energy system, it is currently too expensive and could place a very high cost and technology risk

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Aerospace Players Enter Canadian Partnerships on Hybrid-Electric Aircraft and Sustainable Aviation Fuels

by Mark Pilling  (GreenAir Online)  ... P&WC’s announcement is the second sustainability initiative launched in Quebec in the past week, with Airbus joining the SAF+ Consortium, a group of aerospace companies and research institutions that is seeking to transform Montreal

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Fuels of the Future

(Wärtsilä/Hellenic Shipping News)  How do you create carbon neutral, synthetic fuels? Where can they be used? What can be done to accelerate decarbonisation – and, eventually, to replace the use of fossil fuels altogether? – Meet Power-to-X, the new superhero. Decarbonisation

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This Vodka Helps Fight Climate Change

(CNN)  Vodka is usually made from fermented grains, like rye. But Air Company's spirit is made out of captured carbon dioxide emissions.  READ MORE/WATCH VIDEO From CO2 To Vodka: Air Company Launches World’s First Carbon-Negative Spirit  (Forbes) This carbon-negative vodka comes from

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Tidewater Midstream Announces the Creation of Tidewater Renewables and Capitalization via Initial Public Offering

(Tidewater Midstream/CISION) Tidewater Midstream and Infrastructure Ltd. ("Tidewater Midstream") is pleased to announce the creation of Tidewater Renewables Ltd. ("Tidewater Renewables") as a wholly owned subsidiary. Tidewater Renewables has been formed to become a multi-faceted, energy transition company focusing on the

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The Digest’s Multi-Guide Slide to National Hydrogen Strategies: Japan

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) As we continue with Gas Week, we’re providing you with 10 National Hydrogen Strategies between now and Friday. Today: (as we near the Summer Olympics) Japan.  READ MORE

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The Digest’s Multi-Guide Slide to National Hydrogen Strategies: Germany

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  As we continue with Gas Week, we’re providing you with 10 National Hydrogen Strategies between now and Friday. Today: Germany.  READ MORE

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The Digest’s Multi-Guide Slide to National Hydrogen Strategies: France

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  As we continue with Gas Week, we’re providing you with 10 National Hydrogen Strategies between now and Friday. Today: France. READ MORE  

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The Digest’s Multi-Guide Slide to National Hydrogen Strategies: The United States of America

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  As we continue with Gas Week, we’re providing you with 10 National Hydrogen Strategies between now and Friday. Today, the Big Kahuna (or Enchilada, if you like), the US, where actions have been lagging but

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Airbus Joins Canada’s SAF+ Consortium to Accelerate Development of New Technology

(Airbus/Biobased Diesel Daily) Airbus and the Montreal, Canada-based SAF+ Consortium have signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to collaborate with major Canadian aviation industry players on sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) development and production in North America. Airbus will be investing through

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Project to Run UK Locomotive on Biogas, Hydrogen Receives Gov’t Funding

(Bioenergy Insight)  UK rail freight provider Freightliner, working in partnership with a consortium of specialist suppliers, has secured government funding to develop a dual-fuel solution for the Class 66 locomotive. The technology, utilising biogas and hydrogen, is one of the 30

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ReCarbon Executes Multi-Site Landfill Gas to Hydrogen Agreement with H2Renewables

(ReCarbon)  ReCarbon, Inc., (https://recarboninc.com) the developer of the patented Plasma Carbon Conversion Unit (PCCU), a combustion-free, climate-positive greenhouse gas utilization technology, announced the execution of a supply agreement with Cleveland, Tennessee-based landfill gas to hydrogen project developer, H2Renewables, LLC. This follows

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Vattenfall and Preem Take Their Fossil-Free Hydrogen Biofuel Collaboration to the Next Level

(Preem) According to a study conducted in the spring, the Preem Lysekil plant is very well suited for an electrolysis plant for hydrogen biofuel production. Carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced by at least 80 percent for hydrogen that is produced

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British Columbia Hydrogen Strategy Provides Vision for Clean-Energy Future

(British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Low Carbon Innovation and Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy)  The Government of British Columbia is releasing its hydrogen strategy – a blueprint for how renewable and low-carbon hydrogen will support its climate goals and

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Racing ahead with Biofuels – Bentley, BMW, Porsche, Others Embrace Biofuels

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  Bentley’s Continental GT3 Pikes Peak racecar proved to be fastest racecar running on renewable fuel at Pikes Peak International Hill Climb 2021, beating out all other sustainability-focused entrants (like Tesla’s Model S and an Acura

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Creating Carbon-Negative ‘Green’ Hydrogen to Fuel Our World

(University of Canterbury)  University of Canterbury engineering researchers are developing a carbon-neutral – even carbon-negative – way to create clean ‘green’ hydrogen to power our world more sustainably. -- University of Canterbury Chemical and Process Engineering academics Professor Shusheng Pang and Associate Professor Alex

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LCA Model for Biofuels: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to GREET

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies Model – aka GREET – can be used to address impacts and conduct life cycle analyses of biofuels and bioproducts. Check out Argonne National Laboratory’s

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E-Fuels Development for Aviation Gets a Boost with Germany’s New PtL Roadmap

by Susan van Dyk (GreenAir Online)  Germany’s federal and state governments, with backing from industry, have agreed a roadmap that commits to the development of e-fuels – also described as power-to-liquids (PtL) – for the aviation sector. E-fuels can potentially deliver

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Transforming CO2 and Sugars Into Biofuel With a $2.7 million grant, UD researchers using microbes to make valuable chemicals

(University of Delaware) In the quest to reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere and curb climate change, University of Delaware researchers are turning to an interesting ally: bacteria that consume biomass sugars and CO2. With a $2.7 million grant from the U.S.

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Minister O’Regan Launches Call for Proposals under $1.5-Billion Clean Fuels Fund to Grow Clean Fuels Market across Canada DEADLINE: September 29, 2021

(Natural Resources Canada) The Government of Canada is building a low-emissions energy future to strengthen the economy, create good, middle-class jobs and support workers in our natural resource sectors. Producing and using cleaner fuels in our buildings, vehicles and industries

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Finland's Largest Power-to-Gas Plant - Wärtsilä and Vantaa Energy to Continue Planning towards an Investment Decision

(Electric Energy Online/Wärtsilä) The technology group Wärtsilä and Finnish utility, Vantaa Energy Ltd, have signed a co-operation agreement for pre-engineering and development of a Power-to-Gas (P2G) plant for Vantaa Energy. The plant planned to be commissioned in 2025 would be the

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US Energy Secretary Launches Call to Slash Green Hydrogen Costs by 80% RFI DEADLINE: July 7, 2021

by Edith Hancock (PV Tech) The US Department of Energy (DOE) aims to bring the cost of making clean hydrogen down 80% in 10 years as part of a wider call for new developments in the energy sector. Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm

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UK Hydrogen Project to Use Food Waste-Derived Biomethane

(Bioenergy Insight) BayoTech and IBMS Group will launch the UK’s first renewable hydrogen project using biomethane from food waste as a feedstock. The project will produce 1,000 kilograms of renewable hydrogen per day to fuel zero-emission vehicles in London and Surrey. The partnership

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Flemish Expertise Centres Join Forces with Industry to Push Green Hydrogen Production forward

(Electric Energy Online/DEME) Flemish research centres imec and VITO (both partners in EnergyVille), together with industrial pioneers Bekaert, Colruyt Group, DEME and John Cockerill announced today (May 28) that they are joining forces to invest in the production of green

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Ørsted and HOFOR Enters into Agreement on Green Power for Groundbreaking Hydrogen Project

(Electric Energy Online/Ørsted) Today (May 31), Ørsted and HOFOR (Greater Copenhagen Utility) entered into an agreement that will secure green power for part of the potential 1.3 GW Green Fuels for Denmark project to produce sustainable fuels in the Greater Copenhagen area. Avedøre

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3rd Gear: Toyota’s Hydrogen Party Trick

by Erik Shilling(Jalopnik) Toyota has a hydrogen-combustion racecar that sounds pretty good, and which it put through its paces last month. Automotive News was there for it. Toyota still apparently thinks hydrogen combustion is part of the future, which is a little dubious,

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Enzyme System for the Hydrogen Economy

(Ruhr University in Bochum)  An enzyme could make a dream of the energy industry come true: it can efficiently generate hydrogen from electricity as well as convert hydrogen into electricity. Both fuel cells, which convert hydrogen into electricity, and electrolysers, which

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Bureau Veritas Publishes Rules and Guidelines on Ammonia as a Marine Fuel

(Helenic Shipping/Bureau Veritas)  Bureau Veritas (BV) has released an Ammonia-Prepared notation and has developed a Rule Note for ammonia as a marine fuel to support ship owners, designers, shipyards, and charterers in advancing their journeys toward using ammonia and a zero

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2021 Project Peer Review—Presentation Database

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) hosted its 2021 Project Peer Review virtually on March 8‒12, 2021; March 15‒16, 2021; and March 22‒26, 2021. Presentations for all sessions can be found in the searchable database below. For more information,

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Bosch Sees a Place for Renewable Fuels, Challenging Proposed European Union Engine Ban

by Aria Alamalhodaei (TechCrunch) Bosch executives on Thursday criticized proposed EU regulations that would ban the internal combustion engine by 2025, saying that lawmakers “shy away” from discussing the consequences of such a ban on employment. Although the company reported it

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The Renewable & Low-Carbon Liquid Fuels Platform, toward Transport Fuels' Transformation

(Fuels Europe) The major organisations[1] operating in the liquid fuels value chain have joined forces to form the Renewable & Low-Carbon Liquid Fuel Platform. These partners are working together to contribute to the decarbonisation of the mobility sector in a sustainable and affordable way. They represent

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Former Kansas Abengoa Ethanol Plant to Produce Renewable Diesel, Seaboard Energy, Neste, Phillips 66, Alto Ingredients, Haldor Topsoe, Renewable Diesel News

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) ... Seaboard Energy, formerly known as High Plains Bioenergy, is building a renewable diesel plant in Hugoton, Kansas at the former Abengoa ethanol plant site that was purchased in February 2019. Using Haldor Topsoe’s

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Carbon Clean, BayoTech to Develop Hydrogen, CO2 Capture Solutions

(Bioenergy Insight)  Carbon Clean has joined forces with BayoTech to develop on-site hydrogen with carbon capture solutions. Carbon Clean, a leader in cost-effective CO2 capture and separation technology, signed a memorandum of understanding with BayoTech, to explore commercial opportunities targeted at

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The 10 Biggest WOWs from Day 4 of ABLC

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Florida, day 4 of ABLC is now complete, with 26 more speakers completing their trips to the digital stage. Thursday’s agenda included some of the hottest topics — The Department of Energy Horizons, the future

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SoCalGas & California Energy Commission to Provide Funding to Test Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology for Marine Vessels

(Southern California Gas/PR Newswire)  Led by Zero Emission Industries, the project will test hydrogen fuel cell marine vessel technology designed to significantly reduce GHGs and air pollution from fishing, fire, ferry and other small boats in California --  Southern California Gas

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SAF, Please Prepare for Take-off…Even with Aviation Industry Turned Upside Down Due to Pandemic

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) There were 22 weekdays in April. There were 15 announcements about sustainable aviation fuel progress, advancements, implementations, and production in just those 21 days. What does that mean? Why is SAF suddenly taking off like

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Aemetis Selects Axens Vegan® Technology for Its Carbon Zero Project in Riverbank, California for the Production of Renewable Diesel and Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(Aemetis) Aemetis, Inc.(NASDAQ: AMTX), a leading producer of below zero carbon intensity dairy Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) and developer of the “Carbon Zero” renewable jet/diesel biorefineries using negative carbon intensity cellulosic hydrogen, announced today that Aemetis has selected Axens Vegan® Renewable

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SEA-LNG Warns against Delay in Addressing Shipping Decarbonisation

(SEA-LNG) Industry coalition stresses that LNG fuels reduce up to 23% of GHG emissions, and that bio- and synthetic LNG offer low risk, incremental pathways to net zero. Waiting for future fuels and not fully utilising LNG, which is safe, proven, competitive

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Earth Day Series Day 20: Hydrogen. Beyond Tomorrow.

by Gaulthier Blangez* (Advanced Biofuels USA)   Let’s go back to the basics. The “Bio” term comes from ancient Greek and is translated as “Life.” Widely used in our day to day vocabulary, this term has found its place in our

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Renewable Diesel Kicks off 2021 with Conversions, Capacity Increases, New Feedstocks and More

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) ... What is the overall demand and market like? What about feedstock innovations? Are there clear technology winners? In today’s Digest, some new facilities, some conversions, some increased capacity, what are the key trends

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Alfa Laval Becomes Partner in Unique Power-to-X Consortium to Produce Renewable Clean Fuels

(Alfa Laval/PR Newswire) Alfa Laval - a world leader in heat transfer, centrifugal separation and fluid handling - becomes a partner in the Swedish company Liquid Wind, which develops electro-fuel facilities to produce renewable clean fuels. Alfa Laval will be

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Biofuels Are a Controversial Climate Solution. Could They Still Help Save the Planet?

by Emily Pontecorvo (Grist) Two recent studies add fresh evidence to both sides of an age-old debate.  ...  (Lee) Lynd’s study aimed to address the common claim that biofuels do not actually offer greenhouse gas benefits. Ignoring factors like biodiversity and economics, Lynd

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emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing cellulase 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point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office 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drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric 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