Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

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Maersk Backs C1 to Make Zero-Carbon Shipping a Reality Faster – and Cheaper.

(Circular Carbon Chemistry) Berlin-based start-up found a way to mass-produce green methanol at a competitive price / Partnership with the global pioneer in decarbonisation of shipping enables faster scale and technological cooperation. The Climate tech start-up C1 has raised growth capital

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Shell Oman Signs Agreements for Syngas and LNG Offtake; Takes Stake in Green Hydrogen Project

by Sowmya Sundar (Zawya Projects) Shell Oman to take 35% stake in Green Energy Oman  -- Shell Oman has signed a Letter of Intent with Oman’s Ministry of Energy and Minerals to explore the deployment of Liquified Synthetic Gas (LSG) in Oman. LSG

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H2: The Hydrogen Hooks ups Are Forming Fast and Global

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The bioeconomy is rocking as the week begins with news from the US and Europe and major moves in hydrogen. Today, we’ll look at the Topsoe/Fidelis New Energy and Raven SR/Chart Industries partnerships. Topsoe / Fidelis New

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Sustainable Aviation Fuel Plant to Start Production in 2024 in Denmark

(Kosan Gas) The plans to commence production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is well underway in Denmark. Aalborg Airport, Kosan Gas (UGI) and European Energy are working together to establish a pilot plant that will start producing SAF from 2024. A

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Linde

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Linde is a leading global industrial gases and engineering company with 2021 sales of $31 billion (€26 billion). The company serves a variety of end markets including chemicals & energy, food & beverage, electronics, healthcare,

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Plasma Technology Makes Recycling of CO2 Local and 100% Circular

(Renewable Carbon News/D-CRBN) The BluePlasma consortium receives approval from VLAIO to set up an R&D pilot project -- In concrete terms, an infrastructure will be built in Antwerp to convert CO2 into CO via plasma technology. The idea is to

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to LanzaTech and Transforming Carbon

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) With proven technology at the nexus of two mandated markets, industrial and consumer — LanzaTech has been on fire in recent months. Here’s more on their commercial operating plants, plants scheduled to complete construction in

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RSB Launches New Sustainability Requirements for Power-to-X Technologies

(RSB) On behalf of its membership platform, the RSB Power-to-X Working Group, RSB officially launched the newly approved sustainability guidance and requirements for Power-to-X (PtX) technologies. The RSB PtX Working Group was first initiated in September 2021 to agree on best practice to identify

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Cost Won’t Be a Long-Term Issue for Sustainable Aviation Fuel

by Jaime Llinares Taboada (OPIS)  ... In Spain, energy major Cepsa recently announced a €3 billion ($3.15 billion) investment to build a 2 gigawatt (GW) hydrogen production hub and a program for testing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) on more than 220

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SWEN Capital Partners Announces Investment in Arcadia eFuels, International Developer of E-fuel for Aviation

(SWEN Capital Partners/Business Wire)  Arcadia eFuels Receives Investment from Swen Infrastructure Fund for Transition 2 (“Swift 2”), a fund managed by SWEN Capital Partners, to provide necessary development capital to accelerate reaching Final Investment Decision stage for the world’s first commercial

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Symbiotic CO2 Sequestration -- Bioengineered Microbial Community Working Together to Store Carbon

(Angewandte Chemie International Edition) Photosynthesis is a valuable natural system for sequestering carbon dioxide. However, simply forming biomass does not fully exploit this system. A Chinese team of researchers, whose study is published in the journal Angewandte Chemie, has now genetically engineered

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Air Pollution Converted into Fuel, Plastic and Dresses

(AFP/RTE) At LanzaTech's lab in the Chicago suburbs, a beige liquid bubbles away in dozens of glass vats. The concoction includes billions of hungry bacteria, specialized to feed on polluted air - the first step in a recycling system that converts greenhouse

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NTPC Inks MoU with Tecnimont to Explore Production of Green Methanol

(Express Mobility) For the automotive industry, Methanol can be blended with gasoline in low-quantities and used in existing road vehicles, or it can be used in high-proportion blends such as M85 in flex-fuel vehicles or M100 in dedicated methanol-fuelled vehicles

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The Pursuit of Green Hydrogen Liquefaction: Raven, Chart, GenH2 in the Hunt for Solutions Large and Small

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) From the wilds of western Wyoming comes the welcome news for the hydrogen fanbase that Raven SR and Chart Industries inked a global collab for the liquefaction, storage, and transportation of hydrogen as well as pure

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Ørsted Assumes Full Ownership and Takes Final Investment Decision on FlagshipONE, the Largest Green E-Methanol Project in Europe

(Ørsted) Ørsted’s Board of Directors has taken final investment decision (FID) on the 50,000 tonnes/year FlagshipONE e-methanol project. FlagshipONE will be Ørsted’s first commercial-scale Power-to-X facility and is an important steppingstone towards Ørsted’s ambition of taking a leading position in renewable

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Osaka Gas USA, Tallgrass & Green Plains Partner to Advance Japan’s Climate Objectives

(Green Plains/Business Wire) Green Plains Inc. (NASDAQ:GPRE), Tallgrass and Osaka Gas USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Japan-based Osaka Gas, today announced the commencement of a joint feasibility study to evaluate the production of up to 200,000 tons per year of synthetic

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How the $1.7T Omnibus Affects Energy, from CCS to Hydrogen

by Carlos Anchondo, Miranda Willson, David Iaconangelo, Niina H. Farah (E&E News) ... The omnibus bill — which would fund the government at $1.7 trillion for fiscal 2023 — would provide $46.5 billion to DOE to “fund programs in its primary

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Porsche Begins Production of ‘E-Fuel’ that Could Provide Gas Alternative Amid EV Push

by Michael Wayland (CNBC) -Porsche said Tuesday that a pilot plant in Chile started production of the alternative fuel, as it aims to produce millions of gallons by mid-decade. -Officials say e-fuels can act like gasoline, allowing vehicle owners a

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Vertimass Partners with Team to Convert Carbon Dioxide into Jet Fuel through Danish Government Award

(Vertimass/PR Newswire) Renewable energy company is part of a consortium to receive $1.35 million USD.  --  Vertimass, with the mission to commercialize breakthrough sustainable fuels that reduce carbon emissions, announced today that a consortium with whom it is partnering has been

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Dimeta and rDME, Accelerating the Off-Grid Energy Transition

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Dimeta is accelerating the energy transition in off-grid areas. They are advancing the production and use of renewable and recycled carbon Dimethyl Ether  “rDME”), a low-carbon sustainable liquid gas, to support the de-fossilization of the

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To Battle Climate Change, Scientists Tap into Carbon-Hungry Microorganisms for Clues

by Theresa Duque (Science Daily/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)  New technique could fast-track future carbon-free solar fuels -- Scientists have demonstrated a new technique, modeled after a metabolic process found in some bacteria, to convert carbon dioxide into solar fuels through artificial

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Products Made with Captured Greenhouse Gas Are Reaching Commercial Scale

By Dieter Holger (Wall Street Journal) Straws, bottles and packaging made with captured greenhouse-gas are starting to reach commercial scale, offering a way for businesses making and using everyday products to reduce emissions contributing to global warming.  Locking up greenhouse gas in

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Sasol, ArcelorMittal South Africa Partner to Decarbonise and Reindustrialise Vaal, Saldanha through Green Hydrogen

(Sasol)  Sasol and ArcelorMittal South Africa have announced a partnership to develop carbon capture technology to produce sustainable fuels and chemicals, and green steel production through green hydrogen and derivatives. Under a joint development agreement (JDA), they will advance studies into two

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Conversion of Flue Gas CO2 to C2-C4 products

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In this project, researchers aim to establish a mechanistic pathway and characterize vs potential and pH, and demonstrate direct conversion of flue gas at high faradaic efficiency and current density. They also aim to demonstrate that

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Rolls-Royce Successfully Tests Hydrogen-Powered Jet Engine

by Paul Sandle (Reuters) Britain’s Rolls-Royce said it has successfully run an aircraft engine on hydrogen, a world aviation first that marks a major step towards proving the gas could be key to decarbonising air travel. The ground test, using a

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Carbon Engineering Receives Millions in Investment from Airbus and Air Canada to Help Accelerate Scalable, Affordable Decarbonization Solutions

(Carbon Engineering) Climate solutions company, Carbon Engineering (CE), has received millions in investments from Aviation industry leaders Airbus and Air Canada. These investments support the advancement of CE’s Direct Air Capture (DAC) technology that pulls carbon dioxide (CO2) directly out of the

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Can the Aviation Industry Reach 10% SAF Uptake by 2030? The Sky’s the Limit.

(Topsoe/Biofuels Digest) To achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, the Clean Skies for Tomorrow Coalition has set a target of 10% SAF adoption by 2030. For fuel producers, that means creating enough supply to meet future demand, and for the aviation industry,

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Making High-Efficiency Ethylene from CO2

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In this project, researchers aim for high-efficiency electrochemical production of ethylene from CO2,. Specific in this project, they sought to design electrodes to direct the cascade reaction from CO2 to ethylene via carbon monoxide, and

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Chemists Create an 'Artificial Photosynthesis' System that Is 10 Times More Efficient than Existing Systems

by Louise Lerner (University of Chicago News) UChicago breakthrough creates methane fuel from sun, carbon dioxide and water -- For the past two centuries, humans have relied on fossil fuels for concentrated energy; hundreds of millions of years of photosynthesis

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Consortium Formed for Developing New Process Technology to Produce Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(OMV Group) Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport (BMDV) in Germany announces funding of EUR 3.1 mn for Methanol-to-SAF (M2SAF) development project; BASF, Thyssenkrupp, OMV, DLR and ASG join M2SAF consortium  The strong growth of the aviation industry requires solutions to

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A.P. Moller - Maersk and Carbon Sink Sign Strategic Partnership to Accelerate Green Marine Fuels Production

(Maersk)  As part of the strategy to decarbonise its customers’ supply chains, A.P. Moller - Maersk (Maersk) has entered a green* methanol partnership with U.S. based project developer Carbon Sink LLC. This is Maersk’s 8th such agreement in the efforts

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World's Largest CO2-to-Methanol Plant Starts Production

(Carbon Recycling International) The world’s first commercial scale CO2-to-methanol plant has started production in Anyang, Henan Province, China. The cutting-edge facility is the first of its type in the world to produce methanol — a valuable fuel and chemical feedstock

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JetBlue Looks to Advance Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) with AIR COMPANY

(JetBlue) JetBlue signs intent to purchase 25 million gallons of AIR COMPANY’s innovative AIRMADE™ SAF over five years. AIR COMPANY’s groundbreaking AIRMADE SAF opens incredible potential to grow the emerging market with carbon-negative fuel made from captured CO2. -- JetBlue (Nasdaq:

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalytic Polymers for Simultaneous CO2 Capture and Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This Project aims to advance the Technical Readiness Level through experimental and modeling to enhance the efficiencies while assessing the TEA/LCA of a dual functional catalytic porous polymer for simultaneous capture and conversion of CO2

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World Energy Launches New Partner Program to Sharpen Focus and Better Serve Emerging Markets

(World Energy/PR Newswire) QuestZero Program to Deliver on the Innovation, Infrastructure, Fuel Access, and Volumes Corporate Leaders Need to Achieve Climate Goals –  World Energy, a carbon-net-zero solutions provider, today announced the launch of QuestZero, a program built on long-term partnerships

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Electrochemically Driven Carbon Dioxide Separation

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The objective of this project is to develop an electrochemically-driven CO2 separator (EDCS) with 155 kg/m2yr air capture at 0.4 CO2 captured per electron. Brian P. Setzler and Yushan Yan of the University of Delaware

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Cryogenic Carbon Capture From Cement Production

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This Project aims to build and operate a 30 TPD CCC Pilot located at Sugar Creek Cement Plant near Kansas City, Missouri with a skid-based design that can be built mostly off-site with limited integration.

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Making Waves with Marine Carbon Capture

by James Lawler (Climate Now) w/ Alisha Fredriksson The global shipping industry emits ~1 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide annually, about as much as the sixth highest emitting nation in the world. In hopes of changing course, the International Maritime Organization

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Top 10 Best Biofuel Manufacturing Companies In India 2023

(Inventiva) The principal energy sources derived from biomass and food crops like sunflower seeds, palm fruit, Jatropha seeds, rapeseed, soybean, etc. are designated as biofuels. These energy sources have huge promise in a rising country like India. India has an

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Biomethane Expansion Provides Local Alternatives for Imported Gas and Synthetic Fertiliser

(Africa Business) ... “Biomethane expansion is a strong tool to replace gas imports. With natural gas prices above 100 EUR/MWh, the competitiveness of biomethane has improved tremendously. Biomethane provides local solutions for waste, avoids emissions of methane and ammonia, and

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Repsol and PLD Space Develop Renewable Fuels for Microlaunchers

(Repsol) - The alliance of these two Spanish companies, unprecedented in the space segment, combines technology and sustainability. -The main challenge of the agreement is to formulate new renewable rocket fuels and reduce the carbon footprint by 90% or even

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to the National Carbon Capture Center

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The National Carbon Capture Center is a centralized test facility providing comprehensive support for technology testing and evaluation, relating to process, engineering, operational, analytical, troubleshooting and maintenance. The NCCC aims to accelerate technology development, scale

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Industrial Carbon Capture from a Cement Facility Using the Cryocap FG Process

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This Project aims To execute and complete a front-end engineering and design (FEED) study for a commercial-scale, carbon capture system that separates 95% of the total CO2 emissions at Holcim Ste Genevieve Cement Plant using

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Advanced Biorefineries

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This week on ABLC CONNECT, we looked at the State of Advanced Biorefineries, including examples of projects from Gevo, Aemetis, LanzaTech, Grön and Green Plains. The technologies, markets, partners, the rational, the progress to date

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SAF Demand Leads to Shortages, Prompting New Products, Partnerships

(Environment + Energy Leader) ... To meet demand in the face of limited supplies of these traditional SAF feedstocks, technology companies are competing to create new forms of SAF. Honeywell is the latest to announce a new technology for creation of

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Low- and Zero-Carbon Fuels Critical to Meeting Aviation Decarbonization Needs

by Emily Kent & Jonathan Lewis (Zero Carbon Fuels/Clean Air Task Force) ... A new CATF analysis, conducted and co-authored by Na’im Merchant, that examines the potential roles for biofuels and scalable zero-emissions fuels such as hydrogen to reduce aviation emissions found

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Green Gas to Fight Climate Change: Electrochaea's Commercial 10-Megawatt Biomethanation Plant Engineering Completed

(Electrochaea) Electrochaea has completed the engineering for the first standardized 10 MWe biomethanation plant designed for commercial operation. A 10 MWe plant can produce several million cubic meters of renewable synthetic methane per year that replaces any use of fossil natural

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LanzaTech Produces Ethylene from CO2, Changing the Way We Make Products Today

(LanzaTech/Globe Newswire)  Breakthrough Discovery to Replace the Barrel with Synthetic Biology, Addressing One of the Largest Carbon Emitters in the Chemical Industry -- LanzaTech NZ, Inc. (“LanzaTech”), an innovative Carbon Capture and Transformation (“CCT”) company that transforms waste carbon into materials such

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalytic Conversion of CO2 into High-Value Chemicals

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) What can you actually make from CO2 that’s valuable, and more permanent? The goal of this project is to develop technology to convert CO2 to valuable products to partially offset carbon capture costs from the

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The 7 Sustainable Innovations to Watch

Chris Stokel-Walker (Neste) ... Something that is for certain, is that it is not possible for us to continue to rely on fossil fuels if we are to significantly slow down and even stop global warming.  “We need to get to a point

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Electrocatalytic CO2 Utilization

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) CO2 is the ubiquitous feedstock, available from a range of point sources, as well as in the atmosphere. It’s the only feedstock measured in gigatons. Domestic biorefineries emit a very pure CO2 wastestream, and represent

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Iberdrola and Foresa Advance in Their Alliance to Lead Green Methanol Production in Spain

(Iberdrola/Electric Energy Online) • The first of the projects, Green UMIA, will be located in Pontevedra and will lead to a reduction of 58,000 tonnes of CO2 in its first 10 years of operation It will also strengthen the decarbonisation

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eFuels, by Land and Sea, Get Their Grips on the Ships, Road Trips

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  For more than a decade we have been covering the emergence of e-Fuels — renewable fuels made from (usually waste) CO2 and green hydrogen, the latter conventionally obtained by splitting water using spare, intermittent renewable power. It’s

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Carbon Capture Magazine Podcast: Panel Preview: Comparative Study of Carbon Capture Technologies

(Carbon Capture Magazine) Listen to the latest Carbon Capture Magazine podcast featuring Jerrel Branson with CarbonCap Holdings and panelist at the upcoming 2022 National Carbon Capture Conference & Expo Interviewer: Danielle Piekarski, Content Development Manager, Carbon Capture Magazine National Carbon Capture Conference

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Air Company Fuels First Ever Test Flight with Jet Fuel Made from CO2, Beginning the Next-Generation of the World’s Fuel Industry

(Air Company/North American Clean Energy)  Air Company, the world's leading carbon technology company that creates carbon-negative alcohols and fuels from Carbon Dioxide (CO2), announced the launch of its Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) made from captured CO2. The importance of this novel

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Virgin Voyages Announces Sustainable Marine Fuel Partnerships

by Natalie Clarkson (Virgin Voyages)  Virgin Voyages is working to make its cruise ships more sustainable, through partnerships with independent sustainability experts the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials, and three leading waste-based sustainable fuel providers.  Following months of research, Virgin Voyages has taken an

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Paving the Way for Solar Fuels: Synhelion Produces Solar Syngas on an Industrial Scale for the First Time

(Synhelion)  Synhelion has become the first company in the world to succeed in producing syngas on an industrial scale using only solar heat as an energy source. The Swiss solar fuel pioneer successfully demonstrated this on the multifocus solar tower of

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Utilizing Electricity to Produce Intermediates from CO2 and Biomass

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This project funded by the US Department of Energy and led by NREL’s Josh Schaidle aims to Guide existing and future research and development efforts by defining key technical challenges, risks, cost/carbon intensity drivers, and

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Formate Utilization for Value-Added Products

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  How do we utilize CO2 with cheaper renewable energy? What products can we make? Those are the questions explored in this project funded by the US Department of Energy’s BETO office and led by Jonathan

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Direct Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Bulk Chemicals and Liquid Fuels

(Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy Sciences) High-efficiency utilization of CO2 facilitates the reduction of CO2 concentration in the global atmosphere and hence the alleviation of the greenhouse effect. The chemical utilization of CO2, which refers to converting CO2 into value-added chemicals and

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Lessons from Natural Photosynthesis: Conversion of CO2 to Raw Materials for Plastic!

(Osaka Metropolitan University) Technology sequesters CO2 emissions  In plants, natural photosynthesis binds carbon dioxide (CO2) to organic compounds, which can then be converted into glucose or starch. These useful molecules can be sequestered, storing the carbon in a solid form. Artificial photosynthesis

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Coca-Cola Europacific Partners and University of California Berkeley, to Develop Technology Converting Air to Sugar

(Coca-Cola Europacific Partners) CCEP Ventures to partner with Peidong Yang Research Group to develop scalable methods of converting captured air (CO2) into sugar; Technology could reduce some of the largest CO₂ contributors in supply chains, while saving material, transportation and

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Floating ‘Artificial Leaves’ Ride the Wave of Clean Fuel Production

by Sarah Collins (University of Cambridge) Researchers have developed floating ‘artificial leaves’ that generate clean fuels from sunlight and water, and could eventually operate on a large scale at sea. The researchers, from the University of Cambridge, designed ultra-thin, flexible devices, which

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2021 Project Peer Review Report

(U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) hosted its virtual 2021 Project Peer Review on March 8‒12, 15‒16, and 22‒26, 2021. During the event, 271 projects in BETO’s research portfolio were presented, representing a total

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Task Focus: Renewables Gases: Deployment, Markets, Trade and Role of the Gas Grid

Jan Liebetrau (Task 37) & Uwe Fritsche (Task 40) (International Energy Agency/IEA-Bioenergy)  Decarbonization is about much more than electricity which only accounts for about 20% of the global final energy demand: Which technologies will be employed to decarbonize the hard-to-abate sectors

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Heliogen and Dimensional Energy Announce First-of-its-Kind Collaboration to Produce Carbon-Free Sustainable Aviation Fuel from Concentrated Sunlight and Green Hydrogen

(Heliogen)  Initiative to demonstrate technology and produce jet fuel reserves for commercially viable carbon neutral flight -- Heliogen, Inc. (NYSE: HLGN), a leading provider of AI-enabled concentrated solar energy technology, today announced it has entered into a letter of intent (“LOI”)

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Podcast: Making Sure the Industry Is Carbon Management Ready

(Carbon Capture Magazine) Featuring PMatt Fry, Senior Policy Manager, Great Plains Institute  LISTEN

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A Simple, Cheap Material for Carbon Capture, Perhaps from Tailpipes

by Robert Sanders (Berkeley News)  ... Using an inexpensive polymer called melamine — the main component of Formica — chemists have created a cheap, easy and energy-efficient way to capture carbon dioxide from smokestacks, a key goal for the United States

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SUN-to-LIQUID Project Publishes Successful Thermochemical Kerosene Production Using Solar Energy, Water and CO2 in an Integrated Solar Experimental Facility in the Scientific Journal Joule

(IMDEA Energy Institute)  Developing solar technologies for producing carbon-neutral aviation fuels has become a global energy challenge, but their readiness level has largely been limited to laboratory-scale studies. Here we report on the experimental demonstration of a fully-integrated thermochemical production

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Investment Urgently Needed in New Technology to Mitigate CO2 Emissions at Airports, Cranfield University Report Reveals

(Cranfield University) Multi-million-pound investment needed in technologies such as direct air capture; Some airports could become green energy ‘power stations’ to fuel the aircraft they serve; Carbon capture technology should be integrated alongside other transport policies as part of Government’s Net Zero 2050

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Infinium and Electrofuels: They Might Be Giants

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... “Major players in the fuels and chemicals industries have begun serious development of [new] processes that produce intermediates and finished products from carbon dioxide. One of the most interesting areas is in the many developments

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Significant Next Step in Developing Sustainable Methanol for Chemical Industry

(Fortum) Project Air, a cooperation project with Perstorp, Fortum and Uniper in Sweden, is taking significant next steps in developing sustainable methanol for the chemical industry. The project has been selected for funding by the EU innovation fund.   Project Air aims to

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Virtuous Cycles: Breakthroughs in the Use of Bacteria Are Helping Us to Build a New Green Economy.

by Peter Forbes (New Humanist) ... Humans are finally learning from the original carbon cycle, which has governed Earth for 4 billion years. This natural cycle is regulated largely by bacteria and other microbes. Today, using what we know about the

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MGC and Tokuyama Corporation Begin Joint Study on Social Deployment of Circular Carbon Methanol Utilizing CO2, First of its Kind in Japan

(Tokuyama Corporation and Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company) Tokuyama Corporation (Tokuyama; Registered Headquarters: Shunan City, Yamaguchi Prefecture; President: Hiroshi Yokota) and Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. (MGC; Head Office: Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; President: Masashi Fujii) have signed an MOU to conduct a

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The Navigator Company and P2X Europe Have Signed a Memorandum of Understanding to Create a Unique Joint Venture in Portugal to Produce Green, Non-Fossil Synthetic eFuels

(The Navigator Company) The Navigator Company and Hamburg-based developer P2X Europe have signed a memorandum of understanding to create a unique and powerful joint venture, P2X Portugal, to develop a world-class production facility for industrial-scale production of non-fossil jet fuels

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Sustainable Aviation Fuel from Solar Energy: Not a Dream Any More

by Tina Casey (Clean Technica) This “solar tower” deploys solar energy to convert water and carbon dioxide to produce non-fossil kerosene for sustainable jet fuel. ... (T)he Swiss institution ETH Zurich has just unveiled a new pilot-scale, all-in-one, solar powered process for

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SAF, RD via Cellulosic Feedstocks: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to BioTFueL technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Last week we took a Deep Dive into the BioTfuel technology in a special webinar on SAF, RD via Cellulosic Feedstocks. The BioTfueL project launched by Axens, TotalEnergies and a number of partners is designed

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Researchers from Goethe University Frankfurt Develop New Biobattery for Hydrogen Storage

(Goethe University) A team of microbiologists from Goethe University Frankfurt has succeeded in using bacteria for the controlled storage and release of hydrogen. This is an important step in the search for carbon-neutral energy sources in the interest of climate

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Phytonix: Converting CO2 Emissions into Sustainable Solar Chemicals & Fuels

by LeeAnne Yu (SCI Innovation) Winner of the 5th China (Shenzhen) Innovation & Entrepreneurship International Competition  --  Bruce Dannenberg founded his company Phytonix in 2009 after having worked in the renewable energy industry for many years. Familiar with a variety

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F1 Continues Push to Hit Net Zero Carbon by 2030 Target

(Formula 1) Development of a 100% sustainable fuel, slashing the use of single-use plastics and reviewing travel and freight logistics – these are just some of the things Formula 1 as a sport is working on as part of its

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Carbon Matchmaker

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management is focused on advancing carbon management technologies to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions through strong public-private partnerships and in a just and sustainable way.  The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law

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Airbus, Air Canada, Air France-KLM, easyJet, International Airlines Group, LATAM Airlines Group, Lufthansa Group and Virgin Atlantic Sign Letters of Intent to Explore Carbon Removal Solutions for Aviation

Airbus and a number of major airlines – Air Canada, Air France-KLM, easyJet, International Airlines Group, LATAM Airlines Group, Lufthansa Group and Virgin Atlantic – have signed Letters of Intent (LoI) to explore opportunities for a future supply of carbon removal

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Uniper, Siemens, Airbus and Sasol form Green Fuels Hamburg to Produce eSAF by 2026

(Uniper Energy/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Under the name “Green Fuels Hamburg,” the energy supplier Uniper, the energy-technology group Siemens Energy, the aircraft manufacturer Airbus and the chemical and energy company Sasol ecoFT announced June 23 that they are investigating the feasibility of

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New Test Facility from European Energy to Produce eSAF

(European Energy/Biobased Diesel Daily) European Energy has secured funds to co-finance two new research projects from the Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Programme (EUDP) in Denmark. The first project will be to establish a test facility that can convert e-methanol to

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Sasol ecoFT, Deutsche Aircraft Join Forces to Accelerate PtL Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(Sasol ecoFT/Biobased Diesel Daily)  German aircraft manufacturer Deutsche Aircraft and South African chemicals and energy company Sasol have signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on advancing technology for green hydrogen-based power-to-liquid (PtL) SAF in aviation. Sasol ecoFT and Deutsche Aircraft have

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Twelve to Deploy World’s First Industrial-Scale Carbon Transformation Platform

(Twelve/Business Wire)  DCVC leads a $130 million financing to increase the production of materials made from captured CO2 for customers such as Mercedes-Benz, Procter & Gamble, Shopify, and the U.S. Air Force Twelve, the carbon transformation company, is announcing $130 million

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Utilizing Biorefinery Waste Gas: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to NREL

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) NREL’s waste gas researchers are rethinking industrial flue gas from a waste to a feedstock, with the help of LanzaTech. Find out how the integration of CO2 electrolysis with microbial syngas upgrading to utilize biorefinery

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Twelve and Alaska Airlines to Collaborate with Microsoft to Advance Sustainable Aviation Fuel Derived from Recaptured CO2 and Renewable Energy

(Alaska Airlines/PR Newswire)  Under the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) agreement Twelve will also work with the companies toward a demonstration flight proving viability of commercial use of e-fuel, and to provide low carbon jet fuel for Microsoft's business travel on

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Opinion: Inconvenient Truths behind Sustainable Aviation Fuel

by Jim Harris (Bain & Co./Aviation Week)  Governments are making commitments to incentivize sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)—Europe, through February’s “Toulouse Declaration,” and the U.S., with the Biden administration’s aim to have enough SAF to meet 5-10% of jet fuel demand by

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Powering Progress Towards Net-Zero Emissions: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Shell Aviation

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Shell’s focus on low carbon fuels for aviation is apparent and progress is being made towards more sustainable skies as Shell reaches key milestones and has plans for even bigger ones by 2030. Find out

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South Yorkshire to Lead UK R&D into Sustainable Aviation Fuels

(Biofuels International)  A major new research centre that will help test, certify and deploy new sustainable aviation fuels - the first of its kind in the UK - has reached a key milestone in its construction. The Sustainable Aviation Fuels Innovation

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Carbon Sink LLC signs MOU with CZCF to Explore Multi-Project Financing Opportunities

(Carbon Sink)  Carbon Sink LLC (Carbon Sink) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Cube Zero Carbon Fund Sàrl (CZCF), an affiliate of Cube Infrastructure Managers. The purpose of the MOU is to facilitate financing for the development, construction, ownership,

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Fit for 55: Transport MEPs Set Ambitious Targets for Greener Aviation Fuels

(European Parliament)  85% of aviation fuel should be sustainable by 2050; Leave space for electricity and hydrogen to be part of new fuel mix; Create a Sustainable Aviation Fund -- EU aviation should gradually switch to sustainable fuel, such as

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Ethanol vs. Petroleum-Based Fuel Carbon Emissions

by Valerie Sarisky-Reed (U.S. Department of Energy) Biofuels have been proven to emit significantly lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than petroleum-based fuels, and recent scientific studies indicate that net-zero emission biofuels are not only possible, but achievable. Corn ethanol and other biofuels are

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VTT and Neste Agreed on Building an Integrated Power-to-Liquids Demonstration for CO2 Capture, Green Hydrogen and E-Fuels Production

(VTT) Power-to-liquids technologies are on their way to commercialisation in scale and production of synthetic e-fuels is no longer science fiction. E-fuels offer a way to expand the carbon-neutral transport fuel pool beyond biomass-based renewable fuels to replace fossil fuels

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Topsoe Technology to Reduce Customers' Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 12 Million Tonnes in 2022

by Ulrik Frøhlke (Topsoe) Topsoe’s technologies are set to reduce its customers’ greenhouse gas emissions by 12 million tonnes in 2022 alone. These reductions will not be one-offs but ongoing for the years to come. The key driver is Topsoe’s renewable fuels

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More Incentives Needed to Scale up Production of e-Kerosene

by Tom Otley (Business Traveler)  Sustainable fuel manufacturers in Europe could produce 1.83 million tonnes of e-kerosene in 2030, saving about 5 Mt of CO2, according to a new forecast by NGO Transport and Environment (T&E). E-kerosene, generated by combining green hydrogen

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Transforming Yesterday's Emissions into Tomorrow's Sustainable Aviation Fuel: United Announces Agreement with CO2 Utilization Company Dimensional Energy

(United Airlines/PR Newswire) Dimensional Energy combines revolutionary carbon utilization technology with a century-old process, repurposing it to make sustainable aviation fuel; United has invested more in sustainable aviation fuel production than any other airline in the world United and United Airlines Ventures (UAV)

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Flying the Low-Carbon Skies on Sustainable Aviation Fuel

by Craig Bettenhausen (Chemical & Engineering News)  Airlines are eager to switch to renewable, low-carbon fuel—as soon as there’s enough to go around  --  On June 6, Malaysia Airlines flew its first passenger flight using jet fuel made in part

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Increasing Methane Yield from Biogas Plants

(Bioenergy Insight) Researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM have now found a way to convert waste methane from biogas plants into additional methane, thus drastically increasing the methane yield from biogas plants. The process is up

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Meeting 2030 SAF Targets in the US and Europe Needs Rapid Action on Capacity and Feedstocks, Says Report

by Tony Harrington (GreenAir Online) A new market report by SkyNRG, the Amsterdam-based global provider of sustainable aviation fuels, predicts that both the US and Europe will fall short of their 2030 SAF targets unless production capacity is increased and fuel feedstock

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Forestal del Atlántico Will Manufacture Green Methanol in A Coruña with Its Triskelion Project

(Gerandi) The Forestal del Atlántico complex, in Mugardos (A Coruña), presents the “Triskelión” project for the production of green methanol. The initiative, which was started before the pandemic,will involve an investment of 130 million euros and the creation of 120 jobs (direct

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Carbon Capture System Sequesters Record Amounts of CO2 for Direct Air Capture

(Engineering and Technology)  A new carbon capture system that removes carbon dioxide (CO2) directly from the air has been developed by Tokyo Metropolitan University researchers, who say it has “unprecedented” performance compared to alternatives. Isophorone diamine (IPDA) in a “liquid-solid phase separation”

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Vantaa Energy and St1 to Cooperate in the Distribution of Electric Fuel

(St1) The Power-to-Gas plant (P2G), planned for completion by Vantaa Energy in 2025 in Finland, produces carbon-neutral synthetic gas, the production process of which utilises water and carbon dioxide recovered from the waste treatment process in a new and innovative

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Repsol, Aramco License Johnson Matthey, BP Technologies for eFuels Plant in Spain

(Johnson Matthey/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Johnson Matthey and BP announced May 25 that their codeveloped, groundbreaking Fischer Tropsch CANS™ technology and Johnson Matthey’s innovative reverse water gas shift technology, HyCOgen™, have been selected for use by Aramco and Repsol at a new

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Teaching Material on SAF Launched in Teacher Training in Brazil

(International PtX Hub) Between May 1st and 6th, 2022, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, took place the Train of Trainers Course “Alternative Fuels for Aviation in Brazil”. The event arises from the partnership between the Brazilian Ministry of

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CO2-based Fuels, Chemicals, Materials, Food, Feed: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Top 10 CO2 Utilization Projects

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Today, we bring you the Top 10 CO2 utilization projects that have found the optimal blend of affordable, reliable, scalable technology and product sets with large markets to transition the world to a circular economy with

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Qantas Says Synthetic Fuel Could Power Long Flights by Mid-2030s

by James Fernyhough (The Financial Times/Inside Climate News)  ‘Power-to-liquid’ technology may prove the ‘nirvana’ for sustainable aviation, the Australian airline predicts. Synthetic fuel could start replacing traditional petroleum and plant-based biofuels by as early as the mid-2030s, helping to decarbonize long-distance

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Hybrid Electro-biosystem Upcycles Carbon Dioxide into Energy-rich Long-chain Compounds

(Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology)  Artificial upcycling of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value-added products in a sustainable manner represents an opportunity to tackle environmental issues and realize a circular economy. However, compared with facilely available C1/C2 products, efficient and sustainable synthesis of

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CO2 Reduction Potential of the Chemical Industry through Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU)

(Renewable Carbon Initiative)  CO2 Reduction potential of the chemical industry through carbon capture and utilisation (CCU); Renewable Carbon Initiative (RCI), CO2 Value Europe (CVE) and nova-Institute publish a study showing the CO2 reduction potential ofthe chemical industry through CCU Today, the

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E-fuels: Water and CO2 to Power the Transport of the Future

(Generandi) ... Also known as e-fuels, synthetic fuels are made from hydrogen and CO2 removed from the atmosphere. Their added value is that they are zero net emissions. When they are used, the CO2 emitted by the combustion engine is equivalent to

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£5m Fund Launched to Develop Carbon Dioxide Utilisation Technology

(Scottish Enterprise) A new fund to help develop the emerging CO2 utilisation technology has been launched.  The CO2 Utilisation Challenge Fund will help businesses and organisations develop and commercialise the technology, which involves harnessing and converting CO2 – the biggest

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Cemex to Turn CO2 from Cement Factory into Sustainable Aviation Fuel

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily)  Cemex S.A.B. de C.V. is partnering with integrated chemicals and energy company Sasol ecoFT and renewable energy company Enertrag in a project that will combine CO2 with hydrogen to produce sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The consortium

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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Signs Memorandum of Understanding with Infinium to Accelerate Decarbonization Solutions in Japan -- The companies announced plans to collaborate on the deployment of proprietary Infinium Electrofuels™ in the Japanese market --

(Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) announced today it has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Infinium, an Electrofuels™ innovator headquartered in California. The agreement, which builds on MHI’s 2021 investment in Infinium, will focus on exploring the deployment

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Porsche Invests $75 Million Into Synthetic Fuel Start-Up

by Erin Marquis (Jalopnik) Gas made from carbon captured out of the atmosphere possibly coming to a fuel pump near you -- ... Porsche already put up $22 million into the Chilean startup HIF Global. The Haru Oni is in the

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INERATEC Joins Forces with Synhelion: Climate Pioneers Cooperate to Produce Solar Fuels

(INERATEC) Climate tech companies Synhelion and INERATEC have joined forces to decarbonize the transportation sector and help it achieve its ambitious net-zero target. By combining their complementing technologies, the climate pioneers can scale their respective clean technologies, paving the way for

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Renewable Fuels, Monomers, Carbon Sourcing: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Axens

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) There’s a difference between renewable carbon and circular carbon, as noted in this illuminating ABLC slide guide from Axens. How does their circular carbon tech work? Who are they partnering with? How are they accelerating

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Luxembourg Airport Invests in SAF Production in Norway

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily) Luxembourg airport has invested in and become a shareholder of Norsk e-Fuel AS, an industry consortium located in northern Norway planning to commercialize sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) made from CO2 and water using 100 percent

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Soap, Proteins and Highly Complex Molecules from CO2 – These Are the Winners of the "Best CO2 Utilisation 2022" Innovation Award

(nova Institute) Large scale investments in CO2-based ethanol, methanol and aviation fuel are just around the corner – supporting climate protection and independence from fossil fuels. Participants of the "Conference on CO2-based Fuels & Chemicals 2022" elected the three innovation award

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Going All in to Get Carbon out: Shopify’s Commitment to Climate Entrepreneurs Reaches $32M

(Shopify) Shopify’s Sustainability Fund partners with 9 new entrepreneurial trailblazers: Picture this: the year is 2030 and companies are approaching net-zero commitment deadlines, yet no solutions exist at scale that pull carbon dioxide out of the air and lock it away for

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SHV Energy and LanzaTech Announce Partnership to Pioneer Renewable Propane

(SHV Energy) SHV Energy and LanzaTech announced a new strategic partnership to employ LanzaTech’s Carbon Capture and Transformation (CCT) technology to bring renewable propane and other sustainable fuels to the market via existing and novel pathways. The collaboration will further expand LanzaTech’s

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Shell Readies 10-Year Airline Offtake Deals as It Scales up SAF Production

by Mark Pilling (FlightGlobal)  Shell is on the brink of signing its first letters of intent (LOI) with leading network carriers paving the way for 10-year sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) supply deals, according to Jan Toschka, president of Shell Aviation, speaking

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Artificial Photosynthesis: The Ultimate Renewable Tech

(Bio Market Insights) Around 3.5 billion years ago, plants became able to turn sunlight and carbon dioxide into energy. Researchers in the field of artificial photosynthesis are figuring out how humans could do the same. Plant photosynthesis consists of three steps. First,

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Turning Carbon Dioxide into Sustainable Fuel: United and Oxy Low Carbon Ventures Announce Collaboration with Biotech Firm to Create New Fuel Sources

(United Airlines/PR Newswire) Houston-based Cemvita Factory's synthetic biology process has the potential to create a new way to produce sustainable fuel for aviation; United has invested in more SAF production than any other airline --  United Airlines Ventures (UAV) and Oxy

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RNG, Renewable Fuels from Solar, Waste Wood & Carbon: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Aemetis

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Third generation tech is what Aemetis calls it – using renewable fuels for carbon capture & sequestration siphons carbon from the atmosphere into crops which are converted into renewable fuels, then the solar energy is

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Six Carbon Capture and Utilisation Technologies for a Sustainable Chemical and Fuel Production Nominated for the Innovation Award “Best CO2 Utilisation 2022”

(nova-Institute)  Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) Innovations of the Year 2022: A lot of technologies are in place and in development to face the challenges of a sustainable chemicals and fuels production based on the utilisation of captured CO2 from industrial off-gases

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New, Nature-Inspired Concepts for Turning CO2 into Clean Fuels

(University of Cambridge) Researchers have developed an efficient concept to turn carbon dioxide into clean, sustainable fuels, without any unwanted by-products or waste.  --  Instead of capturing and storing CO2, which is incredibly energy-intensive, we have demonstrated a new concept

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MHIENG and MHIEC to Commence Demonstration Testing of Separation, Capture and Effective Use of CO2 from Waste-to-Energy Plant -- Collaboration with City of Yokohama and Tokyo Gas --

(Mitsubishi Heavy Industries)  Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Engineering, Ltd. (MHIENG) and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental & Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. (MHIEC) – two group companies of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI), both based in Yokohama – are poised to commence demonstration testing

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Costs, Challenges, Current Projects: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Carbon Capture

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  There are synergies with carbon capture and biofuel processes. This ABLC slide guide from Dave Collings at 1898 & Co. looks at the challenges of biofuels, where and how much CO2 is being produced and

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Converting CO2 to Fuels: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Phytonix

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Bruce Dannenberg, CEO of Phytonix shared this illuminating slide guide at ABLC Connect highlighting how Phytonix utilizes cyanobacteria engineered via synthetic biology to produce 1-butanol and potentially other higher alcohols. And there’s a sister company,

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LanzaTech, ReCarbon, Woodside Team up on Carbon Capture and Utilization Project in Australia

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  ... (J)ust in is breaking news that they are collaborating in a new carbon capture and utilization project in Western Australia with ReCarbon and Woodside Energy. In today’s Digest, the project details, while you may know

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ABLC 2022 – State of the Industry

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  ABLC’s theme of “Dawn of Net Zero” and hundreds of delegates from organizations all over the world grappling with the immense opportunities and supply chain challenges posed by the world’s rapid turn towards charting

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What Is eSAF, Why the Buzz and What’s Stopping It from Being Produced at Scale Today?

by Andreea Moyes and Peter Nowobilski (AIR bp and bp/Biofuels Digest)  With the aviation industry committed to curtailing lifecycle carbon emissions, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has an important role to play. Air bp is already working alongside airlines and airports around

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S3:E3: United Airlines Flies Towards Greener Skies

by Dan Bresette and Emma Johnson (Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  The aviation industry will be one of the toughest sectors to decarbonize. Yet, most of the major airlines have announced net zero emissions goals by 2050. So how are they

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Repsol Starts Construction of Spain's First Advanced Biofuels Plant at Its Cartagena Refinery

(Repsol) • Repsol's Chairman, Antonio Brufau, visited the facilities of the Cartagena refinery where construction work has begun on Spain's first advanced biofuels plant. During the visit Brufau was accompanied by the Director of the refinery, Antonio Mestre. The visit was

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Now on Broadway: LanzaTech’s $2.2B SPAC Merger Takes the Advanced Bioeconomy’s Biggest Hit to an Even Bigger Stage

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Illinois, news arrived that LanzaTech will go public in a merger with the NASDAQ-traded blank check firm AMCI Acquisition Corp II. The deal is reported to value the company at $2.2 billion. The transaction is expected

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World’s Largest Green Hydrogen Project Unveiled in Texas, with Plan to Produce Clean Rocket Fuel for Elon Musk

by Leigh Collins (ReCharge)  The 60GW Hydrogen City project, announced by local start-up Green Hydrogen International, will be powered by wind and solar, with an on-site salt cavern for H2 storage  --  US start-up Green Hydrogen International (GHI) has announced a 60GW

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Canadian Council for Sustainable Aviation Fuels Launches

(Canadian Council for Sustainable Aviation Fuels/Biomass Magazine) Canadian aviation industry leaders are joining forces to create the Canadian Council for Sustainable Aviation Fuels (C-SAF), whose mission is to accelerate the deployment of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) in Canada to ensure that the Canadian

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Beyond Fossil Carbon? Green Electricity Is Opening Doors to Low-Emission Alternatives for Making Fuels and Chemicals

by Erik F. Ringle (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  With Extensive Data, Broad Analyses, and Detailed Models, NREL Scientists and Collaborators Stake the Boundaries of Producing Chemicals and Fuels From Carbon Dioxide, Biomass, and Renewable Electricity -- ... In fact, growing supplies of

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Infinium™ Enters into Strategic Alliance with Denbury for Ultra-Low Carbon Fuels Projects in Texas, Continuing Development Momentum

(Infinium)  Innovative electrofuels technology is aimed at decarbonizing the transportation sector -- Infinium, a clean fuels innovator, announced today that the company has entered into a strategic alliance with US energy leader Denbury (NYSE: DEN) to collaborate on developing ultra-low carbon

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Engineered Bacteria Produce Chemicals with Negative Carbon Emissions

by Chen Ly (New Scientist)  Bacteria have been modified to produce chemicals found in paint remover and hand sanitiser from carbon dioxide in the air, meaning they have negative emissions compared with traditional industrial methods --  Bacteria engineered to turn carbon dioxide

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Breakthrough in Converting CO2 into Fuel Using Solar Energy

(Lund University/Carbon Capture Magazine) A research team led by Lund University in Sweden has shown how solar power can convert carbon dioxide into fuel, by using advanced materials and ultra-fast laser spectroscopy. The breakthrough could be an important piece of the

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'Prime Example': Petrol Changes Could Be Made after Motorsport Use of Sustainable Fuels

by Felix Reeves (Express)  Motorsport events could help biofuels and sustainable fuels evolve for further use in general settings, including all petrol cars in the UK. -- Bespoke fuels could be used as a direct replacement for unleaded petrol in almost any

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An Introduction to Sustainable Aviation Fuels -- Part 1 of a Series, "Sustainable Aviation Fuels: A Critical Emissions Mitigation Strategy Gaining Momentum"

by Jeff Overton (Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  ... Aviation is a difficult sector to decarbonize. The enormous energy required to fly a heavy aircraft long distances takes an energy dense power source that liquid hydrocarbon fuel provides. Battery technology for

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Honeywell Introduces New Technology to Produce Key Feedstock for Plastics

(Honeywell UOP) Honeywell UOP Ecofining™ process produces bio-naphtha with reduced CO2 footprint compared to products using petroleum-based feedstocks for use as petrochemical feedstock -- ... Prior to the introduction of renewable naphtha solution, the UOP Ecofining technology has been used to

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Electrofuels Innovator Infinium™ Announces Strategic Partnership with Industry Leader ENGIE for One of the Largest Announced Commercial Scale E-fuels Facilities in Europe

(Infinium™/PR Newswire) New 'Reuze' project will convert more than 300,000 tons of carbon dioxide waste annually into e-fuels for shipping and aviation in Europe; French utilities provider ENGIE reinforces commitment to ultra-low carbon electrofuels technology from Infinium -- Infinium, a

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And the Winners Are…: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to SHV Energy’s Innovation Challenge

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) 5 million tons of CO2 reduction by 2025 and 100% of their energy products to be from renewable sources in 2040 are part of SHV Energy’s ambitions. How does renewable propane and bioLPG fit in?

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Overcoming a Bottleneck in Carbon Dioxide Conversion

by David Chandler  (MIT News) Study reveals why some attempts to convert the greenhouse gas into fuel have failed, and offers possible solutions. -- If researchers could find a way to chemically convert carbon dioxide into fuels or other products, they

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United Arab Emirates: TotalEnergies Joins Masdar and Siemens Energy in Initiative to Drive Green Hydrogen Development and Produce Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(TotalEnergies)  TotalEnergies, Masdar and Siemens Energy sign collaboration agreement at Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week 2022 to act as co-developers on green hydrogen project; Project aims to establish demonstrator plant at Masdar City for green hydrogen production to convert carbon dioxide

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UD and LSU Collaborate to Advance Manufacturing Technologies that Employ Carbon Dioxide and Renewable Energy

by Karen B. Roberts (University of Delaware)  ... One hurdle that keeps promising CO2 electrolyzer technologies in academic laboratories rather than being scaled for industrial use — where they could make a dent in our carbon dioxide emission problem — is

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point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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