Trump Repeals Landmark Legal Policy Underpinning Key Climate Rules

Aviation Fuel/Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)Energy (DOE)Environmental Protection AgencyFederal Agency/Executive BranchFederal LitigationFederal RegulationOpinionsPolicyWhite House
February 12, 2026
Print This Article Share it With Friends

by Jake Spring, Ambrosia Wojahn and Brady Dennis (Washington Post) Nearly 17 years after the Environmental Protection Agency declared that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases threaten the public’s health and welfare, the agency on Thursday rescinded the landmark legal opinion underpinning a wave of federal policies aimed at climate change.

The agency issued its “endangerment finding” in 2009, concluding that the government had a sound legal basis to regulate greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act. In scrapping the policy this week, the EPA will seek to erase limits on emissions from cars, power plants and other industries that release the vast majority of the nation’s planet-warming pollution.

At an event at the White House on Thursday afternoon, alongside EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin, President Donald Trump called the decision “the single largest deregulatory action in American history.” He added, “And I think we can add the words, ‘by far.’”

The announcement represents more than just the latest in a litany of President Donald Trump’s rollback of climate and environmental safeguards. Rather, it marks the culmination of years of effort by conservative and industry groups to undermine the cornerstone of federal rules that limit greenhouse gases — and to hamper future administrations from putting them back in place after Trump.

...

The agency (EPA) later asserted that the science supporting the endangerment finding was “robust, voluminous, and compelling.”

As recently as late 2023, the Supreme Court declined to hear a case from two groups challenging the endangerment finding, after the litigation also had been dismissed in a lower federal court, which called the plaintiffs’ arguments “flawed” and “without merit.”

...

Conservatives and industry groups have praised the move, particularly the elimination of restrictions on motor vehicle emissions, saying it will allow automakers to produce cars that consumers want to buy rather than dictating that Americans purchase an increasing number of electric vehicles.

Jeff Holmstead, a partner at the law and lobbying firm Bracewell, and who served as head of EPA’s air office under President George W. Bush, said that for now, the only legal impact will be to immediately eliminate greenhouse gas standards on the nation’s cars and trucks.

But, he added, “If the legal reasoning that they proposed to rely on for revoking the endangerment finding is upheld in court, no future EPA will be able to regulate CO2 emissions.” 

Environmental groups vowed that the judicial system is exactly where the latest Trump action will soon head.

...

The EPA issued its endangerment finding after the Supreme Court ruled in a 2007 case known as Massachusetts v. EPA that the agency had the authority to regulate carbon dioxide, methane and other climate pollutants under the Clean Air Act.

But the conservative shift on the Supreme Court since then could bolster the administration’s chances of a favorable ruling if the issue comes before it again. In 2022, for instance, the court struck down Obama-era regulations of power-plant emissions.

When the EPA proposed repealing the endangerment finding last year, the agency cited a report produced by the Energy Department questioning the global scientific consensus on climate change. Scientists said that report was riddled with errors and misleading information, while environmental groups successfully sued, with a U.S. district court ruling that the secretive way in which the Energy Department assembled climate skeptics to write the report violated federal law.

White House officials had delayed finalizing the endangerment repeal over fears that the science and economic analysis used to justify the change were not strong enough to hold up in court, people familiar with the discussions told The Washington Post in January before the ruling.

Zeldin and allied conservatives have largely avoided engaging with the science behind the opinion, focusing instead on narrower legal and economic arguments, including that Congress intended the Clean Air Act to regulate toxic air pollution and did not envision regulating greenhouse gases.

“When Congress wants the executive branch to regulate greenhouse gases, it should pass clear legislation to do just that,” said Tom Pyle, president of American Energy Alliance, a conservative advocacy group.     READ MORE

Related articles

 

Excerpt from CNBC:  The Sierra Club, the largest environmental group in the U.S., said Trump has formalized “climate denialism as official government policy.”

It warned that eliminating greenhouse gas standards not only imperils the public, but will expose industries to a flood of litigation. The Supreme Court ruled in a unanimous decision in 2011 that companies cannot be sued under federal common law over greenhouse emissions because regulation of these emissions had been delegated to the EPA.   READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Associated Press: The EPA also said it will propose a two-year delay to a Biden-era rule restricting greenhouse gas emissions by cars and light trucks.

...

Zeldin and Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy have moved to drastically scale back limits on tailpipe emissions from cars and trucks. Rules imposed under Democratic President Joe Biden were intended to encourage U.S. automakers to build and sell more electric vehicles. The transportation sector is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S.

The Trump administration announced a proposal in December to weaken vehicle mileage rules for the auto industry, loosening regulatory pressure on automakers to control pollution from gasoline-powered cars and trucks. The EPA said its two-year delay to a Biden-era rule on greenhouse gas emissions by cars and light trucks will give the agency time to develop a plan that better reflects the reality of slower EV sales, while promoting consumer choice and lowering prices.

The mileage plan would significantly reduce requirements that set rules on how far new vehicles need to travel on a gallon of gasoline.   READ MORE

 

Excerpt from USA Today: The EPA "would lack statutory authority to regulate emissions based on global climate change concerns" under the Clean Air Act, the EPA wrote in a proposal submitted in August 2025 to rescind the finding.

...

"No longer will automakers be pressured to shift their fleets toward electric vehicles ‒ vehicles that are still sitting unsold on dealer lots all across American," Zeldin said.

...

The action can’t be reconciled with EPA's requirements under the law or science, environmental groups that oppose the action have argued. Some organizations have threated to sue the Trump administration.

...

Does the move undermine science?

Climate advocacy groups pointed to statistics and studies that have concluded rising greenhouse gas emissions are driving more weather extremes, fueling more intense rainfall and more severe droughts.

The decision will bury “decades of research” and strip the agency’s ability to protect the nation from dangerous pollution, according to Climate Power, an advocacy group focused in part on holding fossil fuel interests accountable for the role they play in environmental policy.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Barron's: Companies and investors have been bracing for the Trump administration’s rescission since the EPA first proposed it last July, but the move could still have major implications for car makers.

Spurred by environmental regulations, many companies launched electric-vehicle product lines and collected EV tax credits over the past several years. Scrapping those greenhouse gas regulations would mean near-term losses for companies heavily invested in EVs.

In a January regulatory filing, General Motors estimated that $1.1 billion of its total $1.4 billion in acquired credits would be subject to impairment if the EPA removes greenhouse gas rules.

On the other hand, the move could mean a renewed focus on less energy-efficient but more profitable business lines. That is especially true for GM, Ford Motor, and Stellantis North America, which are major sellers of trucks and SUVs, said Morningstar analyst David Whiston.

“If you have less government regulation in selling less fuel-efficient, bigger vehicles, that means you have more freedom to market and sell those vehicles without having to also then run as large of a money-losing EV business,” Whiston told Barron’s.

...

The impact may be more straightforward for pure-play EV companies. Tesla has long collected emissions credits from its EVs and then sold them on the secondary market, creating a high-margin business stream. Automotive regulatory credits—some of which are not greenhouse-gas credits—contributed about $2 billion to Tesla’s ...  $94.8 billion in revenue in 2025.

Perhaps the bigger challenge for auto makers, whether they are selling EVs or gas-guzzlers, is that no environmental regulation ever seems to last very long in Washington.

“There’s potential for a lot of see-sawing in Washington on environmental policy in respect to the auto industry,” Whiston said. “It’s likely a Democrat will take over as president at some point, and it’s unlikely they would keep the current Trump environmental policies in place.” READ MORE

 

Excerpt from NBC News:  Trump and EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin also announced Thursday that the agency is removing all greenhouse gas emissions standards for vehicles.

"We are repealing the ridiculous endangerment finding and terminating all additional green emissions standards imposed unnecessarily on vehicle models and engines between 2012 and 2027 and beyond," Trump said.

The EPA will still regulate pollutants in tailpipe emissions that hamper air quality, such as carbon monoxide, lead and ozone.

...

Following Trump's announcement Thursday, several other organizations announced their intention to sue, including the American Lung Association, American Public Health Association, Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments and Physicians for Social Responsibility.

“As organizations committed to protecting public health, we will challenge this unlawful repeal," they said in a statement.

The coming legal battles will almost assuredly take years to resolve, with the administration’s justifications for its repeal up against ample scientific evidence of climate change’s harms in court.

In its draft of the rule repealing the endangerment finding, the EPA argued that it had overstated the risks of heat waves, projected more global warming than had taken place and discounted benefits of increases in carbon emissions, like increased plant growth. Independent science organizations have dismissed many of those arguments and pushed back against a controversial Energy Department report that the EPA cited in its proposal.

“The climate is changing faster than ever before, driven by human activities, and the resulting impacts on people and the world we depend on are becoming ever more dire,” the American Geophysical Union said in a statement about the Energy Department report.

“The changing climate is directly causing or exacerbating global average temperature increases and heat waves, sea level rise and storm surge, and ocean acidification, and is causing extreme weather events such as hurricanes, floods, wildfires, and drought to occur with greater frequency, intensity, or both.”

The administration has said it is reconsidering other policies that hinge on the endangerment finding, including regulations on methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

Interior Secretary Doug Burgum said Wednesday on Fox Business that repealing the finding would boost the coal industry.

“CO₂ [carbon dioxide] was never a pollutant,” he said. “The whole endangerment thing opens up the opportunity for the revival of clean, beautiful American coal.”  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Carbon 180: Specifically, the determination that greenhouse gas emissions endanger public health and welfare, first issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 2009 and upheld repeatedly by the courts, has been formally withdrawn by the same agency that first issued it. This move is expected to face legal challenges given its long-standing judicial history and deeply researched scientific precedent. 

...

In practice, this meant emissions standards could be set, enforced, and defended in court. Climate action was treated as a systemic obligation – not a voluntary ambition or political preference. That legal backbone shaped everything from power sector rules to vehicle standards, and it created a coherent framework in which emissions reductions were expected, residual emissions were defined, and climate responsibility had a level of enforceable meaning.

The Endangerment Finding and subsequent litigation established that greenhouse gases fell under EPA’s mandate, and that the risk was severe enough to make it the federal government’s legal duty to mitigate. Without it, remaining authorities are narrower, more fragmented, and far easier to challenge.

Why this is crucial for carbon removal

Carbon removal is only credible when it operates inside a world where emissions are constrained. Its purpose is to address what remains after deep reductions – not to compensate for the absence of regulation.

The Endangerment Finding helped establish that logic. It situated carbon removal as a backstop within a regulated system, rather than a substitute for it.

...

Compliance-driven demand becomes less certain and less durable.

...

Repealing the Endangerment Finding does not eliminate carbon removal from the climate conversation. Instead, it pushes it into a more fragmented and unstable policy landscape.

...

After all, climate change did not become less dangerous today. But the legal framework that treated it as a public risk did.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Reuters:  Legal experts said the policy reversal could lead to a surge in lawsuits known as "public nuisance" actions, a pathway that had been blocked following a 2011 Supreme Court ruling that regulation of greenhouse gas emissions should be left in the hands of the Environmental Protection Agency instead of the courts.

...

Now that the EPA is abandoning that regulatory effort, the legal shield created by the 2011 decision will likely unravel, legal experts said.

"This may be another classic case where overreach by the Trump administration comes back to bite it," said Robert Percival, a University of Maryland environmental law professor.

...

Power companies have generally favored President Donald Trump's deregulatory agenda, but have expressed concern about the repeal of the endangerment finding triggering a wave of lawsuits.

The Edison Electric Institute, which represents publicly traded electric utilities, said in September that rescinding the endangerment finding comes with the "potential for increased litigation alleging common-law claims, regardless of the merits of those suits."

...

'NEW FRONT' OPENING

U.S. courts have long recognized a legal theory known as "public nuisance," which prohibits activities that unreasonably interfere with the health and safety of a community.

Public nuisance lawsuits are typically brought by state and local governments, and seek to make the party responsible for the nuisance pay to abate, or fix, the condition.

The cases are hard to win, in part because of difficulties in proving direct causation between a specific defendant's emissions and particular climate harms. But legal experts have said they are one potential tool for environmental activists to hold greenhouse gas emitters liable for climate harms.

In a 2004 lawsuit, California and five other states alleged that big power companies had created a public nuisance by contributing to climate change. The defendants included American Electric Power (AEP.O), opens new tab and Xcel Energy (XEL.O), opens new tab .

The case eventually ended up before the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled against the six states in a unanimous 2011 decision.

Writing for the court, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg said regulating greenhouse gases should be left to EPA under the Clean Air Act. That law and subsequent EPA actions like the endangerment finding, Ginsburg wrote, "displace the claims the plaintiffs seek to pursue."

That 2011 decision allowed power companies to escape public nuisance lawsuits filed in federal courts, though some cases brought in state court have survived.

The policy reversal could give public nuisance cases a new lease on life, legal experts said.

"This has the potential to change the stakes of the game," said University of Pennsylvania law professor Sarah Light. "If the Clean Air Act no longer applies to greenhouse gas emissions, then there's no comprehensive statutory scheme in which Congress intended to displace nuisance claims, so they would likely be able to proceed in court."

Jenner & Block environmental lawyer Meghan Greenfield agreed that a "new front" for lawsuits may be opening up.

"This is an area where things had been settled for the past 15 years, and, especially as the EPA steps out of this space for regulation, you can imagine others wanting to push those fronts ever harder," Greenfield said.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Politico's Power Switch: The endangerment finding has previously survived legal challenges, and EPA has struggled to formulate its counterargument. The final repeal relies on a legal argument, not a scientific one — namely that the Clean Air Act allows the government to limit only pollution that causes direct, nearby damage. That limitation is not expressed in the law itself.

If courts uphold EPA’s repeal, future administrations may have a hard time limiting climate pollution without new action from Congress. Limits to tailpipe exhaust could crumble, with power plant rules likely to follow.

On the other hand, states may find themselves in the driver’s seat on climate regulation — potentially making fossil fuel companies newly vulnerable to state-level lawsuits and pollution restrictions.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Politico: Side-stepping a question about the value of U.S. leadership on climate policy, Zeldin argued Congress needs to make a direct choice to regulate greenhouse gases if that is what they want, and said recent Supreme Court decisions pushed him to rework his agency’s efforts.

There’s “no way that I’m gonna sit here and have any apology or regret for applying the best reading of the law and reading a Supreme Court decision that makes it clear that if you’re going to regulate the heck out of greenhouse gas emissions with trillions of dollars of regulatory costs on Americans,” he said, “that’s something that Congress should have a debate and a vote on.”

The Munich Security Conference is not typically a gathering place for environmental regulators, but Zeldin said attending offered chances to talk with world leaders about international initiatives, particularly the U.S. quest for “energy dominance” — also not typically a focus for the nation’s environmental regulators.

He mentioned the need for data centers and critical minerals, and “there’s a lot of investment that’s coming in the United States, including from European countries and we play an important role in the … permitting of these projects,” which he wants to see happen “as fast and efficiently as possible,” he noted.

Secretary of State Marco Rubio earlier in the day railed against the “climate cult” in Europe, a message Zeldin said he thought would find a receptive audience.

“I’m not here to lecture, shame, these European countries that their targets on environment are too strong or not strong enough,” he said.   READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Biobased Diesel Daily:  Biofuels, heavy-duty trucks 

The linchpin to U.S. biofuels policy is the Renewable Fuel Standard, a 20-year-old program that requires eligible biofuels to reduce GHG emissions by certain percentages in order to generate various types of renewable identification number (RIN) credits—D4 RINs for biobased diesel, for instance, necessitating a 50 percent minimum reduction in GHG emissions.

In addition, the value of the new clean fuel production credit known as section 45Z, which replaced the biodiesel blenders tax credit Jan. 1, 2025, is also based on GHG reductions.

Given these two important biofuels policies are inextricably intertwined with GHG reductions, Biobased Diesel Daily® reached out to Clean Fuels Alliance America’s director of public affairs and federal communications, Paul Winters, about EPA’s Feb. 12 action and Clean Fuels’ position on the ruling.

While Winters said Clean Fuels is not issuing a statement on the endangerment-finding repeal, he did note that both RFS and 45Z were enacted by Congress, specifically giving EPA and the treasury department, respectively, the authority to implement them.

“They are not dependent on or tied to EPA’s endangerment finding,” Winters said.

Then there is the matter of the Phase 3 GHG standards for heavy-duty trucks, which the Biden administration finalized in 2024.

The rule was widely viewed as a means to incentivize electric trucks.

“Our concern with the Phase 3 heavy-duty truck rule is that EPA did not consider biodiesel and renewable diesel as tools to mitigate tailpipe emissions,” Winters told Biobased Diesel Daily®.

Therefore, Winters added, the fate of the Phase 3 rule as a result of EPA’s Feb. 12 action to terminate the GHG endangerment finding will have no negative effects on the biodiesel and renewable diesel markets.

Costs, dismantling justification for EV push

The Trump EPA’s final rule does, however, “dismantle the tactics and legal fictions used by the Obama and Biden administrations to backdoor their ideological agendas on the American people,” the agency stated.

According to Trump’s EPA, the endangerment finding led to vehicle and engine regulations with an aggregate cost of more than $1 trillion and played a significant role in EPA’s justification of regulations of other sources beyond cars and trucks, resulting in additional costly burdens on American families and businesses.

“The costs imposed by these climate policies have placed new cars out of reach for many American families and harmed Americans’ ability to climb out of poverty or reach essential services,” the agency stated. “The Trump EPA is expected to deliver Americans over $1.3 trillion in cost savings, which includes reduced costs for new vehicles and avoided costs of purchasing equipment related to EVs.”

This action, according to EPA, will result in an average cost savings of over $2,400 per vehicle.

“By lowering vehicle and regulatory-compliance costs, EPA is improving affordability and expanding consumer choice and ultimately advancing the American dream by making it easier to reach jobs, grow small businesses and participate fully in the transportation and logistics systems that power the U.S. economy,” the agency stated.

EPA continued, stating, “The endangerment finding enabled the Obama and Biden administrations’ illegal push toward EV mandates. These mandates pressure the vehicle industry to phase down production of various models of traditional gasoline and diesel trucks and to reengineer their fleets towards uneconomic and infeasible electric technologies. The Obama and Biden administrations also used the endangerment finding to support off-cycle credits to forcibly incentivize automakers into adopting unpopular systems, undermining consumer choice. An off-cycle credit is a government-created concept that let auto manufacturers meet federal GHG standards on paper, by adding features like the almost universally hated start-stop feature, resulting in questionable emission reductions. Automakers should not be forced to adopt or rewarded for technologies that are merely a climate participation trophy with no material benefit. The Trump EPA chooses consumer choice over posturing to climate-change zealots every time. Today’s announcement ends all off-cycle credits, eliminates EPA incentives for the start-stop button, and restores consumer choice. Americans will be able to buy the car they want, including newer, more affordable cars with the most up-to-date safety standards and that emit fewer criteria and hazardous air pollutants.”   READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Inside EPA:  EPA is conceding that its repeal of the Biden-era vehicle greenhouse gas standards could impose $180 billion in net costs to society, a finding that environmentalists say shows the Trump administration’s signature climate policy rollback is unlawfully arbitrary. While EPA’s regulatory impact analysis (RIA) also includes other scenarios that “build on” the initial analysis and show net benefits from the policy -- based largely on reducing the calculated fuel benefits from the auto rules’ fuel savings. But critics say these...  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Argus Media:  US president Donald Trump's elimination of all federal greenhouse gas standards on cars and trucks could raise gasoline prices by as much as 29pc by 2050, according to projections prepared by his own administration.

That higher spending on fuel, along with other effects caused by repealing the tailpipe standards, would result in net losses for consumers of about $180bn through 2055, according to a primary scenario the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published on Thursday in support of its regulatory rollback. The agency's "Scenario A1" shows gasoline prices rising by 75¢/USG by 2050, in constant dollar terms, as a result of higher fuel demand coming from less fuel-efficient but cheaper cars and trucks.

Trump on Thursday cited what he said were "trillions of dollars" in cost savings as a reason for repealing tailpipe standards. But EPA's own modeling shows the potential savings to consumers would be far less, or even result in net costs for consumers. That is before accounting for adverse health consequences caused by air pollution or effects of climate change.

"By EPA's own analysis, American families will pay billions more in fuel costs. To make matters even worse, many people will be burdened with increased healthcare costs from the increase in air pollution that vehicles will be allowed to spew," said Katherine García, director of Sierra Club's Clean Transportation for All Campaign.

EPA administrator Lee Zeldin said on Thursday that the tailpipe rollback would "eliminate over $1.3 trillion of regulatory costs", a figure pulled from agency projections largely focused on savings from lower vehicle prices through 2055.

But that headline figure disregards key costs under the rollback, such as additional spending on fuel and repairs that would total nearly $1.5 trillion over the same time span, dwarfing the potential savings, agency modeling shows.

The extra fuel demand from the rollback has been welcome news for oil producers, who contend EPA's tailipe standards forced consumers to purchase electric vehicles and other models they did not want. Before the rollback, the US Energy Information Administration's reference case in its Annual Energy Outlook showed fuel demand from light-duty vehicles falling to 4.9mn b/d by 2050, down from 8.3mn b/d this year. Oil groups have cheered the demise of EPA's vehicle greenhouse gas standards, even as they push to retain emission standards for oil and gas facilities.

"EPA properly concludes that the Clean Air Act does not provide it with the authority to regulate certain greenhouse gas emissions," Independent Petroleum Association of America chief executive Edith Naegele said.

EPA prepared alternative scenarios that show increased benefits from the rollback. In technical documents released on Thursday, EPA said "Scenario AI" does account for policies Trump is taking "to drive down the price of gasoline and diesel", so it modeled an alternative scenario where oil prices plunge to $47/bl by 2050, compared with a reference case of $91/bl. In that price scenario, net savings would reach $250bn by 2055. EPA also created scenarios showing even higher savings by assuming consumers only cared about the first 2.5 years of fuel savings when buying a more fuel-efficient vehicle.

None of EPA's cost-benefit scenarios accounted for any of the negative health effects of more air pollution, or damage from climate change. Under a recent policy change, EPA assigned a value of $0 for all adverse health effects of regulatory changes. EPA expects the rollback will increase greenhouse gas emissions by 8.3bn metric tonnes of CO2-equivalent, equivalent to about 1.5 years of greenhouse gas emissions from the US.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from E&E News Climatewire: Legal experts warn that scrapping the scientific finding may undermine federal preemption defenses, opening the door to a wave of state lawsuits against major emitters.

...

Courts will have the last say on whether EPA can stop regulating heat-trapping emissions permanently in the wake of last week’s endangerment finding repeal. And if the Supreme Court eventually endorses EPA’s central argument — that Congress never gave the agency authority to regulate climate pollution — the decision could have the unintended consequence of wiping away legal protections for the industries that Zeldin was trying to help.

“Be careful what you wish for,” said Seth Jaffe, an environmental attorney at Foley Hoag.

Voiding EPA’s regulatory authority under the Clean Air Act could give states more latitude to institute greenhouse gas curbs of their own. And large sources of climate pollution, such as power plants and oil companies, have been shielded from federal lawsuits brought by states and other plaintiffs because Congress had entrusted EPA with regulating greenhouse gases. Now that the agency is forfeiting that authority, those safeguards may disappear.

EPA’s apparent goal in undoing the finding was to bar future Democratic administrations from regulating carbon and methane through the Clean Air Act.

To do that, EPA claimed in its repeal that the landmark 1970 law gave it no legal tools to regulate climate-warming pollution because, it said, a clear reading of the statute limits its authority only to tackling pollution that harms public health near the point of its release — not after it enters the atmosphere and affects the climate years later and miles away.

But it’s that authority that has kept some states from imposing regulations of their own. With it gone, lawyers say states could impose a patchwork of rules for motor vehicle greenhouse gas emissions with no waiver from EPA.

EPA claimed that the repeal “does not impact [f]ederal preemption for motor vehicle and engine emission standards.”

But that assertion is destined to be litigated.

...

The agency said the Clean Air Act preempts states from adopting or attempting to enforce emission standards for new motor vehicles and engines, “full stop — whether EPA has issued standards for particular emissions or not.” 

...

Legal experts said the repeal could also create an opening for litigants — including state attorneys general — to sue companies for damages linked to their greenhouse gas emissions.

The Supreme Court ruled in 2011 that corporations could not be sued for their climate pollution under federal common law, because Congress had charged EPA with curbing greenhouse gases. Now EPA is contending that the Clean Air Act gave it no such authority.

...

Attorneys cautioned that lawsuits over climate change face challenges that have nothing to do with Clean Air Act displacement, including establishing a causal link between a specific pollution source and tangible impacts from climate change.

Jody Freeman, director of the Environmental and Energy Law Program at Harvard Law School, said that an explosion of tort suits “would not be an optimal way of dealing with greenhouse gas emissions and with the problem of climate change, to say the least.”

“The worst version of this is, you don’t have any sensible, comprehensive federal rules, and you have a bunch of chaotic litigation that runs into trouble in the courts,” she said.

...

The preemption argument has been at the heart of efforts by oil and gas companies to dismiss a swath of lawsuits filed against them by dozens of cities, counties and states seeking financial compensation for the costs of climate change.

The companies argue that the lawsuits should be tossed out of state court because the claims are barred by the Clean Air Act. The Supreme Court is poised to decide whether to take up the industry’s latest bid to quash the lawsuits.

Exxon Mobil and Suncor Energy last year asked the justices to review a Colorado Supreme Court decision and find that federal law bars local governments from seeking relief for climate change in state courts.

The city and county of Boulder, which brought the lawsuit, suggested in a November brief to the Supreme Court that the questions raised by the case could change because EPA was looking to repeal the endangerment finding “on the theory that it lacks statutory authority” to regulate greenhouse gas emissions.

Andres Restrepo, a senior attorney at the Sierra Club, which joined 16 other environmental and public health groups Wednesday in a legal challenge to EPA’s repeal of the finding, said the agency now asserts it does not have the authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions.

“EPA, in our view, is taking this issue and basically eliminating what otherwise would have been a protection for companies against these kinds of lawsuits,” Restrepo said. “That really opens them up to a lot of potential legal liability and creates a lot of uncertainty.”   READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Politico:  While unwinding Massachusetts v. EPA would represent a monumental reversal of U.S. policy, some legal experts argue it could hand state regulators newfound power to fill the void.

That’s because states are preempted from setting their own tailpipe standards — a restriction that becomes hard to defend if the federal government bows out of the emissions game.

“If that happens, then EPA lacks any authority to issue standards, including under a new administration,” said Ann Carlson, who led the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration under former President Joe Biden. “That would leave states as the natural locus for regulatory power.”

That would be paradigm shifting for California air regulators, who in June watched congressional Republicans revoke the EPA waiver that gave the state power to set stricter-than-federal tailpipe rules. A world without the endangerment finding could make the politically fraught task of seeking federal approval a hurdle of the past.

Trump’s EPA is trying to head off that legal reasoning. The agency’s official repeal argues that states are still preempted from developing laws or regulations that “adopt or attempt to enforce any standard relating to the control of emissions from new motor vehicles or engines.”

...

“Absolutely, this has been the topic of conversation,” Assemblymember Cottie Petrie-Norris, chair of the Utilities and Energy Committee, said during a press briefing last week. “There is, I think, a certain irony that in the revocation of the endangerment finding, it actually could provide California with more latitude and more direct responsibility.”

...

That’s a debate the auto industry wants to avoid. While major car companies lobbied Congress to revoke California’s EV sales mandate last year, they stopped short of advocating against the endangerment finding and didn’t explicitly praise the repeal last week.

“The auto industry in America remains focused on preserving vehicle choice for consumers, keeping the industry competitive, and staying on a long-term path of emissions reductions and cleaner vehicles,” said John Bozzella, president and CEO of the Alliance for Automotive Innovation, which represents most major automakers.

The auto industry — which has long advocated for unified regulations across the United States — now could face a scenario where it’s not only easier for California to issue tailpipe rules, but states like New York or Illinois could also create their own patchwork of standards.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Politico Pro:  Young climate activists are also going to court over EPA’s repeal of a landmark Obama-era scientific finding. 

The Trump administration’s decision to revoke EPA’s legal foundation for climate rules drew its first court challenges Wednesday from a coalition of health and environmental groups and 18 young people.

Two petitions filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit challenged EPA's decision last week to roll back the 2009 endangerment finding, which identified climate pollution as a threat to public health. The lawsuits — filed hours after the repeal was published in the Federal Register — are the first to challenge the move, though more petitions are expected, including from some Democratic-led states.

“Undercutting the ability of the federal government to tackle the largest source of climate pollution is deadly serious, but the administration's legal and scientific reasons for doing so are a joke," said Meredith Hankins, legal director for federal climate at the Natural Resources Defense Council. 

NRDC's lawsuit named EPA and its administrator, Lee Zeldin, as respondents. Earthjustice and the Environmental Defense Fund are also among the challengers, as well as health groups including the American Public Health Association and American Lung Association.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from CZ App:  For some in the US car industry, there will be uncertainty about the rollback, as manufacturing less fuel-efficient vehicles might limit their sales overseas.

“This rollback is sort of cementing things that have already been done, such as the relaxation of the fuel economy standards,” said Michael Gerrard, a climate law expert from Columbia University. “But it really does put US automakers in a bind, because nobody else is going to want to buy American cars.”

...

What we do know is that grain-based ethanol cuts greenhouse gas emissions significantly—by 44 to 52% compared to gasoline, according to the Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory. Similarly, researchers from Harvard, MIT and Tufts concluded that today’s corn ethanol offers an average GHG reduction of 46% versus gasoline.

Emerging technologies promise to boost that reduction to near 70% in the next few years, according to USDA. Ethanol made from corn kernel fibre and other cellulosic feedstocks is already delivering reductions of 80% or more.

Airlines and Energy Firms Double Down on SAF

Meanwhile, the world is intent on reducing the carbon footprint of air transportation by increasing the use of SAF.

In Finland, Neste and World Fuel Services have extended their existing relationship with a five-year agreement that will expand the availability of Neste-supplied SAF at more than 100 airports across World Fuel’s UK and European network. Through World Fuel’s European network, SAF will be available to its commercial, business and general aviation customers, Neste said.

...

The continued investment from these industry leaders underscores strong confidence in the future of SAF and LanzaJet’s proprietary ATJ technology. The financing will support existing and future commercial deployments of its ATJ technology. READ MORE

...

Tags
White House Regulations-State Regulations-Federal public health policy mileage Litigation-State Litigation-Federal GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) gasoline price fuel prices fuel efficiency EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) environmental policy Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Department of Energy (DOE) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards Clean Air Act (CAA) carbon removal Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) air quality Air Pollution Policy air pollution control Aviation Fuel/Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF))
Share

Comments are closed.

Nearly 55,000 articles in our online library!

Use the categories and tags listed below to access the nearly 50,000 articles indexed on this website.

Advanced Biofuels USA Policy Statements and Handouts!
Our Sponsors
FREE Subscription! Advanced Biofuels USA events calendar; policy and actions; education newsletters
Donate
ARCHIVES
CATEGORIES
tags
Advanced Clean Fleets Rule 100 octane 100% SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) 103 octane 105 octane 108 octane 109 octane 110 octane 113 octane 119 octane 2016 US House and Senate Campaigns 2016 US Presidential Campaign 2018 US Senate and House Campaigns Other Election Activities 2020 Election 2022 Election 2022 US Senate and House Campaign 2024 Election 2025 Elections 2026 Elections 2nd generation biofuels 3-D 30C alternative fuel vehicle refueling property credit 3D printing 3rd generation biofuels 4-H 40A Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel Tax Incentive 40B Sustainable Aviation Fuel Tax Credit 45Q Carbon Oxide Sequestration Tax Credit 45V Hydrogen Production Tax Credit 45X Advanced Manufacturing Production Tax Credit 45Z Clean Fuel Production Tax Credit 48C Advanced Energy Project Tax Credit 48E Clean Electricity Investment Tax Credit 4th generation fuels 7% solution 81 Octane 84 octane 85 octane 87 octane 88 octane 89 octane 90 octane 91 octane 92 octane 93 octane 94 octane 95 octane 96 octane 98 octane A20 (20% methanol/bioethanol) abatement abu Abu Dhabi acacia acai seeds acetate acetic acid acetone acid acid hydrolysis adaptive evolution additional carbon additionality adequate/inadequate domestic supply Administrative Procedure Act adsorption Advanced Biofuel Payment Program advanced biofuel prices Advanced biofuels advanced biofuels production Advanced Clean Cars II Rule (ACC and ACCII) Advanced Clean Trucks Rule advanced ethanol advanced ethanol tax credit advertising campaign aerobic digestion aerosols Affordable Clean Energy Program (ACE) afforestation Afghanistan Africa AGARDA (Agriculture Advanced Research and Development Authority) agave aggregation Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP) agricultural economics Agricultural Policy Agricultural waste/residue Agriculture agrivoltaic/agrovoltaic agroforestry agrofuels agronomy Air Force air pollution control Air Pollution Policy air quality Aircraft engine emissions airports Alabama Alaska Albania albedo Alberta albizia alcohol fuel cells alcohol fuels alcohol-to-diesel alcohol-to-gasoline alcohol-to-jet (ATJ)/ethanol-to-jet (ETJ) alfalfa algae algae contamination algae cultivation algae extraction algae harvesting algae parity algae separation algal biofuels Algeria Algiers alkaline exchange membrane (AEM) alkanes alkenes alkylate alligator fat almond almond hulls shells alternative energy vehicles alternative fuels Alternative Fuels Credit alternative fuels excise tax credit Alternative Fuels Tax Credit (AFTC) aluminum Amazon American Le Mans Series (ALMS) ammonia ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) ammonia fuel cell ammonia price ammonia terminal ammonia-fueled aircraft amylose anaerobic digestate anaerobic digester/digestion and Energy Use in Transportation Model Angola anhydrous ethanol animal bedding animal fat animal feed animal waste Antactica Antarctica antibiotics antitrust apple Appropriations APR (Aqueous Phase Reforming) aquaculture aquatic organisms Arabidopsis arabinose ARCA Archaea Architecture Arctic Argentian Argentiina Argentina Arizona Arkansas Armenia Army Corps of Engineers aromatics aromatics price ARPA-C ARPA-E ARPA-Terra arrandi artificial intelligence Aruba Asia Asia Pacific asphalt/bitumen ASTM ASTM 6866 ASTM D1655 ASTM D2880 ASTM D396 ASTM D4054 ASTM D4806 Denatured fuel ethanol ASTM D4814 ASTM D5798 ASTM D6751 ASTM D7467 (B6-B20) ASTM D7544 ASTM D7566 (Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons) ASTM D7862 ASTM D7875 ASTM D7901 (DME-Dimethyl Ether for Fuel Purposes) ASTM D8076 ASTM D8181 ASTM D975 ASTM E3050 Denatured Ethanol for Cooking ASTM E3146 ASTM standards ASTM WK55232 (D02) ASTM WK63392 ATJ-SPK (Alcohol to Jet Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene) Atlantic Canada atmosphere Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Australia Australian pine Austria Auto manufacturer automotive aviation aviation fuel (SAF) benefits aviation fuel (SAF) mandates aviation fuel (SAF) price aviation fuel (SAF) production aviation fuel (SAF) pumps/delivery aviation fuel (SAF) tax credit aviation fuel (SAF) terminal Aviation Fuel/Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Aviation Gasoline/AvGas avocado award awards/recognition Azerbaijan. b B0 B10 B100 B100 pumps B11 B12 B12.5 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B19 B2 B20 B24 B25 B3 B30 B30 pumps B30RD10 B33 B35 B4 B40 B45 B49 B5 B50 B50RD50 B6 B60 B7 B70 B75 B8 B80 B98 B99 Babados nut tree babassu bacteria bagasse Bahamas Bahrain bamboo banana banana stems Bangladesh bankruptcy Barbados barge barley barley fiber barley protein barley straw Basque batteries Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) bauxite beauty leaf tree beaver beer bees Belarus Belgium Belize Benin benzene Bermuda Bhutan big bluestem big data Big Food Big Oil/Oil Majors BIGoil billion ton study bio Bio LPG (Bio Liquid Petroleum Gas) bio-based diesel benefits bio-based economy Bio-CNG price Bio-CNG pumps Bio-CNG/RNG terminal bio-LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) Bio-LNG Pumps (Liquified Natural Gas) Bio-LNG terminal bio-natural gas bio-NGV (natural gas for vehicles) bio-oil/pyrolysis oil bio-SPK (bio derived synthetic paraffinic kerosene) biobased Biobased Market Access and Development Grants Biobased Markets Program biobased materials Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance Program biochar biochemical conversion BioChemicals/Renewable Chemicals biociiesel bioconversion Biocrude/Green Crude/SynCrude biodegradable biodiesel biodiesel blend wall biodiesel EN 14214 Biodiesel Fuel Education Program biodiesel pipeline biodiesel prices biodiesel production biodiesel pumps biodiesel quality biodiesel standards biodiesel tax credit biodiesel technologies biodiesel terminal biodiversity bioeconomy bioelectricity bioelectrochemical conversion bioenergy Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) biofoundry biofuel cells biofuel consumption Biofuel Crops biofuel distribution Biofuel Infrastructure Partnership (BIP) biofuel producer tax credit biofuel production biofuel tax credit biofuel terminal Biofuels Biofuels Directive biofuels education Biogas Biogas pipeline Biogasoline/Renewable Gasoline Biogasoline/Renewable Gasoline pumps biogenic carbon biogenic emissions Bioheat biohydrocarbons biohydrogen BioIsoprene BioMADE biomanufacturing biomass Biomass Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS) Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) biomass hydrolysis biomass oil biomass recalcitrance Biomass Research and Development initiative (BRDI) biomass sorghum Biomass to Liquid (BTL) biomass transportation biomaterials bioplastics biopower BioPreferred bioproducts biopropene bioprospecting BioRefineries/Renewable Fuel Production Biorefinery Assistance Program (BAP) old 9003 Biorefinery Renewable Chemical Biobased Product Mfgr Assistance 9003 Program BioRenewable-1 (BR-1) BioSNG Biotechnology birch bitter orange black carbon black grease black liquor black locust black soldier fly Blend wall blender blender pumps Blenders Credit blending blendstock blockchain blue carbon boat fuel boiler/furnace fuel Bolivia bolt-on Bonaire bonds book-and-claim border tax Borneo Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana BQ-9000 Brachiaria bracken brackish water brash Brassica Brazil breadfruit/ulu breweries brine British Columbia broker brown grease brownfields Brunei Btu's BTX (Benzene Toluene Xylene) Bu12.5 Bu16 Budget building block chemicals Bulgaria bunker bunker oil Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Burkina Faso Burma Burundi buses Business and Industry Program (B&I) business law business resources Business/General Aviation butadiene butandeiol (bio-BDO) Butane butanediol butanol emissions butanol/biobutanol butyl acetate butylene butyric acid by c C1 C2 C21 C3 sugar C4 grasses C5 sugar C6 sugar Cabo Verde cactus cactus pear cagaita calibration California California Air Resources Board (CARB) Calophyllum hawthorn Cambodia Camelina camels Cameroon Canad Canada Canary Islands canary reed grass canarygrass candle nut cannabis canola straw Canola/Rapeseed cap-and-invest cap-and-trade capybara capybras carbohydrates carbon carbon capture and storage (CCS) carbon capture and utilization (CCU) carbon capture/Class VI wells carbon cost carbon credit carbon credit markets carbon cycle carbon debt Carbon Dioxide (CO2) carbon efficiency carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Heat Standards Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/modern/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa cocoa husks Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Congressional Review Act Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice CORCs (CO2 Removal Certificates) cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude lignin oil (CLO) crude oil Cruise Ships Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi Customs and Border Protection cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping dual-fuel/flex fuel ships Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E10M90 ethanol/methanol E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental attributes environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia Eswatini/Swaziland ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOAK (First of a Kind) FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenhouse Gas Protocol Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h hairy vetch Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (HEFA-SKA) Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISB10 isobutanol ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State legumes lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime linseed Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill lupin Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol hybrid methanol price Methanol-to-Gasoline Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol-to-Jet Cyclo Paraffins with Aromatics (MtJ-CKA) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Energy Council National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American Indian/First Nation Tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas pipelines natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions NEN 7427-1 neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast Northern Australia northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oilcane Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photocatalysis/photocatalysts photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD15 RD20 RD26 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands Recycled Carbon Fuel (RCF) recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable diesel pipelines Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/RED III) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel renewable naphtha-with-ethanol-t0-jet (NETJ) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) REnova RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program Republic of Congo repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment Reverse Water-gas Shift RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron Ricardo rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solaris Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum price sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Southeast Asia Southern Africa Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soy meal soybean hulls soybean prices soybeans Spain spartina specifications Spekboom Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar Sugar Beets/Energy Beets Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugar standards sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw sugars sugars-to-fats sulfur Sumatra sunflower sunflower stalks supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Surface Transportation Board Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum sweetgum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas (synthesis gas) syngas/gas fermentation SYNHH synthesised aromatic kerosene (SAK) synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung Tamarix tank cars tank-to-wheel tanker trucks tankers Tanzania tar sands tariffs taro Tasmania tax benefit tax credits tax incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene tomato Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy travel policy Treasury Department trees Trinidad and Tobago triticale trucks tubers tugboats tung tunicate Tunisia Tunsia Turkey U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) UCOME (Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester) Uganda UK (United Kingdom) UK Emission Trade Scheme (UK ETS) Ukraine Ukriane UL (Underwriters Laboratory) ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) Ultra Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (ULSFO) Ultra-low-carbon bioethanol underground storage tanks (UST) UNESCO UNIDO (United National Industrial Development Organization) United Arab Emirates (UAE) United Nations (UN) United Nations' International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) United States Auto Club Unleaded 88/E15 uranium urban sprawl urbanization Uruguay US Agency for International Development (USAID) US Army US ethanol exports US Geological Survey US Product Safety Commission USAC USAID USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) used cooking oil (UCO)/yellow grease used motor oil used railroad ties ustain Utah utilities utility model Uzbekistan value chain Value Stack vanadium Vancouver Vanuatu Vatican VEETC (volumetric ethanol excise tax credit) vegetable oils vehicles miles traveled (VMT) Velocys Venezuela Vermont vetiver Victoria video Vietnam vinasse vinegar vineyard waste Virgin Islands. virgin oils Virginia viruses vlsfo VLSFO (very low sulfur fuel oil) volatile fatty acids (VFA) volunteers VTOL (vertical take-off and landing aircraft) Vulcanol w waiver Wales warranty Washington Washington DC waste waste alcohol Waste CO2 waste heat waste management waste oil waste paper waste vegetable oil waste-to-chemicals Waste-to-Energy waste-to-fuel wastewater water water consumption water footprint water hyacinth water policy water pollution water quality water treatment water vapor watermeal watermelon wax weather well-to-wheel West Africa West Coast West Java West Virginia Western Australia wet distillers grain wet extraction What You Can Do wheat wheat bran wheat fiber wheat prices wheat straw wheatgrass whey whisky white grease White House wildlife habitat willow wind energy wine wastage/grape marc winter crops Wisconsin Wisdonsin women Wood woody biomass World Bank World Trade Organization (WTO) Wyoming XTL xylan xylene xylose yard waste yeast yellowhorn tree Yemen Yields Yukon Zambia Zanzibar zein zeolites zero-carbon bioethanol Zimbabwe zinc zoning

© 2008-2023 Copyright Advanced BioFuels USA. All Rights reserved.