VLSFO (very low sulfur fuel oil)

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BP, Maersk Tankers Successfully Trial Biofuel Blend on Ships

by Ron Bousso (Reuters)  BP (BP.L) and Maersk Tankers successfully completed trials using marine fuel blended with biofuel on tankers as efforts grow to tackle the shipping sector's greenhouse gas emissions. ... The trials were completed on two refined oil product carriers chartered to

December 17, 2021 Read Full Article

First Wave of Ships Explore Green Hydrogen as Route to Net Zero

by Jonathan Saul, Nina Chestney (Reuters) Developers across the world are for the first time testing the use of hydrogen to power ships as the maritime industry races to find technologies to cut emissions and confidence grows the fuel is

November 24, 2021 Read Full Article

Euronav Successfully Concludes Four Month Trial of B50 Biofuel Blend on Suezmax

(Euronav)  After a successful completion of a B30 biofuel blend test on the Suezmax Statia (2006 – 150,205 dwt), Euronav has now successfully concluded a B50 biofuel blend trial on its Suezmax Marlin Sardinia (2019 – 156,607 dwt). The biofuel,

November 24, 2021 Read Full Article

CMA CGM, ENGIE to Develop bioLNG & Synthetic LNG for Shipping Sector

(CMA CGM/Engie/NGV Journal) The CMA CGM Group and ENGIE have committed to working together to advance the energy transition by championing the industrial-scale production and distribution of synthetic methane and bio-LNG that can be used by the shipping sector.. Both companies

November 12, 2021 Read Full Article

How Feasible Are Biofuels in Marine Applications?: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Marine Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Do biofuels have potential for the maritime sector? Should BETO implement a biofuels program for large ocean-going vessels to meet the International Maritime Organization’s carbon reduction goals (a 40% reduction relative to 2008 levels by

October 14, 2021 Read Full Article

Euronav Successfully Completes Biofuel Test on Suezmax

(Euronav) As one of the first in the oil tanker industry Euronav tested a B30 biofuel on a Suezmax, the Statia (2006- 150,205 dwt). The trial with the biofuel blend from energy supplier BP was successful. Lower carbon fuels will

October 12, 2021 Read Full Article

Maersk’s Green Shipping Plan Runs up against Scarce Cooking Oil

(Transport Topics/Bloomberg) A.P. Moller Maersk A/S’s efforts to become carbon-neutral face an unusual hurdle: There isn’t enough used cooking oil to make the biofuel that powers the vessels. “The biofuel is sourced from used cooking oil, but the problem is that the

August 10, 2021 Read Full Article

Berge Bulk and Marine Biofuel Pioneer GoodFuels Successfully Complete First Bio-Bunkering

(GoodFuels)  Trial further demonstrates the viability of GoodFuels’ sustainable marine biofuel in future fuel mix and takes Berge Bulk another step closer to shipping’s decarbonisation goals  -- GoodFuels, the leading marine biofuels supplier for the global shipping industry, and independent dry

July 07, 2021 Read Full Article

How Viable Is Bio-Oil for Marine Transport?: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Biofuels for Marine Engines

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Determining the technical feasibility of using biofuels, especially bio-oils, for marine engine use, understanding the efficacy of biofuels in marine transport, looking at the impact on fuel handling systems and impact of bio-oils blended with

July 06, 2021 Read Full Article

Maersk Carbon Tax Proposal May Provide Advantage

by Stefka Wechsler  (Argus Media)  Danish shipping company Maersk's proposal for a $450/t tax on carbon could give it a competitive advantage over others in the industry given its size and financial stability. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) requires that vessels cut their

July 06, 2021 Read Full Article

Understanding Energy Density of Future Fuels Could Be Key to Clearer Decarbonization Decision-Making

(SEA-LNG) Just as like for like full lifecycle GHG comparisons of future fuels are essential, accurate comparisons of energy density are also vital --  Greater understanding around the comparative pricing, vessel performance and procurement of marine fuels is required to avoid

July 02, 2021 Read Full Article

Every 10% of Bio-LNG Drop-In Gives Another Two Years ‘Runway Extension’ for GHG Reduction Compliance

(SEA_LNG) New analysis from SEA-LNG, the coalition for accelerating LNG as a marine fuel, has determined that for every 10% of bio-LNG dropped in and blended with LNG as a marine fuel, a vessel can achieve two extra years’ compliance with

February 25, 2021 Read Full Article

A.P. Moller - Maersk Will Operate the World’s First Carbon Neutral Liner Vessel by 2023 – Seven Years ahead of Schedule

(Maersk) Fast-tracked by advances in technology and increasing customer demand for sustainable supply chains, A.P. Moller - Maersk accelerates the efforts to decarbonise marine operations with the launch of the world’s first carbon neutral liner vessel in 2023 - seven

February 18, 2021 Read Full Article

TFG Marine Commences Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp Operations, Successfully Trials Marine Biofuels and Appoints Rasmus Bach Nielsen to Board

(TFG Marine) TFG Marine, ("TFG"), the global marine fuel supply and procurement joint venture company created by Trafigura and shipping firms Frontline and Golden Ocean, announces major milestones in its strategy to grow and improve transparency in new markets and provide

December 11, 2020 Read Full Article

Uniper Energy Dubai & Neutral Fuels Join Forces to Deliver Maritime Biofuel in Fujairah

(Uniper Energy)  Uniper Energy DMCC (UED) and Neutral Fuels have announced that they will collaborate to provide maritime biofuel in Fujairah, UAE. Both leaders in their fields, UED supplies very low sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO), and Neutral Fuels, winner of

November 25, 2020 Read Full Article

Solving the Low Carbon Shipping Fuel and Energy Algorithm – Quickly!

by Adrian Tolson (BLUE Insight/Biofuels Digest) BLUE Insight’s Low Carbon Shipping Fuels and Energy Guide 2020 is a market first assessment of the leading low carbon marine fuels with potential to replace fossil fuels as the marine fuel of the future and analyses

September 16, 2020 Read Full Article

ExxonMobil’s First Marine Bio Fuel Oil

(ExxonMobil) ExxonMobil Completes Successful Sea Trial of its First Marine Bio Fuel Oil:  Successful sea trial completed with leading tanker shipping company Stena Bulk; Fuel can help deliver carbon dioxide emission reduction benefits to ship operators; Fuel will be available in select

September 11, 2020 Read Full Article

Ammonfuel Highlights and Download of the Report

(Haldor Topsoe) In August 2020, Alfa Laval, Hafnia, Haldor Topsoe, Vestas, and Siemens Gamesa issued the report “Ammonfuel – an industrial view of ammonia as a marine fuel” based on own industrial expertise and input from a list of competent industrial

August 17, 2020 Read Full Article

2019 Demand in Rotterdam Bunker Port More Sustainable

(Port of Rotterdam)  The demand for LNG, bio and low-sulphur bunkers has increased enormously in Rotterdam over the past year. Total sales in this largest European bunker port fell from 9.5 million m3 to 9 million m3. -- In the last

March 09, 2020 Read Full Article

ABS Fuels Advisory Offers Guidance on Adoption of Gas, Low Flashpoint Fuels

(Biofuels International)  Classification service provider the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) has published its ‘Advisory on Gas and Other Low Flashpoint Fuels’, to offer guidance on current technologies, regulatory requirements and operational considerations for adopting gas and low flashpoint fuels. “The majority

July 05, 2019 Read Full Article

Marine Biofuels Begin to Make Headway in Ocean Shipping

(Benzinga)  Biofuels created by recycling used cooking oils are being tested by ocean-going ships in pilot trials around the world. Such biofuels may even be gaining acceptance by ocean-shippers, freight forwarders and ship operators. The latest news is from international container ocean carrier

March 14, 2019 Read Full Article

U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard Is Not Working: Marathon CEO

by David Gaffen and Erwin Seba (Reuters)  The U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) laws are not working and there is an “opportunity for a reset” of the standard in Washington, Marathon Petroleum Corp Chief Executive Gary Heminger said on Tuesday. ... Heminger said

March 13, 2019 Read Full Article

South Korean-Indonesian Consortium Seeking Partner for Sustainable Bunker Fuel Project in Singapore

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)   In Singapore, Ship and Bunker reports that South Korea’s GF Oil and Sejong Technologies have teamed up with Indonesia’s Korindo to sell vegetable oil-based bunkering fuel in Singapore. The trio are looking for bunkering partners

March 13, 2019 Read Full Article

IKEA, CMA CGM and the GoodShipping Program Join Forces to Test Sustainable Marine Bio-Fuel Oil

(GoodShipping Program)  IKEA Transport & Logistics Services, CMA CGM, the GoodShipping Program and the Port of Rotterdam have today announced they will cooperate in a first of its kind partnership to test and scale the use of sustainable marine bio-fuel oil.

March 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Commercializing Marine Biofuels: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to GoodFuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  GoodFuels is the the market-leader in developing and delivering advanced sustainable fuels for the transport sector, offering a cost-effective pathway towards a low-carbon society. Their focus is on the aviation, shipping and heavy road and rail sectors. Bart

March 11, 2019 Read Full Article

Coalition Provides Sustainable Marine Biofuels Verification

(FreightEurasia)  A proof-of-concept coalition made up of global mining company BHP, NYK, sustainable biofuel supplier GoodFuels and applications’ developer Blockchain Labs for Open Collaboration (BLOC), has delivered verifiably sustainable biofuels to the BHP-chartered, NYK-owned bulk carrier Frontier Sky. The biofuel, supplied by GoodFuels

February 27, 2019 Read Full Article

Consumption, U.S. Recession in 2020, Oil-Led, Says Prominent US Economist

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Florida at the 24th National Ethanol Conference, US energy economist Phil Verleger said “I don’t see how we get through this in 2020 without a major recession,” referring to predictions of disruption in US and

February 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Fueling Debate

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico's Morning Energy)   FUELING DEBATE: ConservAmerica Chairwoman Nan Hayworth urged National Economic Council Director Larry Kudlow to "avoid or soften the negative impacts" from upcoming international rules requiring cleaner-burning shipping fuels. The Feb. 4 letter warned that

February 06, 2019 Read Full Article

BHP and NYK Use GoodFuels Biofuel to Progress Decarbonisation Goals

(GoodFuels)  BHP, NYK, GoodFuels and BLOC collaborate to progress sustainable biofuel bunkering in Rotterdam, verified with blockchain. --  Today (February 4, 2019) global mining company BHP, Japanese shipping company NYK, leading sustainable biofuel company GoodFuels and BLOC (Blockchain Labs for Open Collaboration)

February 05, 2019 Read Full Article

LR and UMAS Release New ‘Zero-Emission Vessels Transition Pathways’ Study.

(Lloyd's Register)  A study that examines three key energy pathways to help identify the actions required for the shipping industry to transition to a zero-carbon future by 2050.  --  Today, Lloyd’s Register (LR) and University Maritime Advisory Services (UMAS) have released ‘Zero-Emission

January 31, 2019 Read Full Article

Ready for Take Off? Aviation Biofuels Past, Present, and Future

by David Hitchcock (Atlantic Council)  ... However, the importance of powering the aviation sector (both military and commercial) through sustainable fuels cannot be overstated. David Hitchcock’s paper, “Ready for Takeoff? Aviation Biofuels Past, Present, and Future,” provides a keen look at

January 26, 2019 Read Full Article

State of the Bioeconomy

by Wayne Lee and Mark J Riedy (Lee Enterprises Consulting, Inc. and Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP/Biofuels Digest) At present, the bioeconomy continues to attract debt and equity interest. VCs, Private Equity Groups and Strategic Partners are providing equity at the

January 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Calls for Stricter ISO Standards of Biodiesel in Marine Fuel

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest) In Germany, the International Union of Marine Insurance said in its December quarterly newsletter that more than 100 vessels have been negatively impacted by biodiesel-contaminated fuel and as a result is calling for stricter ISO standards beyond the

December 26, 2018 Read Full Article

Coming Changes in Marine Fuel Sulfur Limits Will Affect Global Oil Markets

(U.S. Energy Information Administration)  International regulations limiting sulfur in fuels for ocean-going vessels, set to take effect in January 2020, have implications for vessel operators, refiners, and global oil markets. Stakeholders will respond to these regulations in different ways, increasing uncertainty

December 19, 2018 Read Full Article

Ethanol’s New Way Forward: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide ABLC Guide to Byogy Renewables

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Byogy Renewables is producing full replacement renewable fuels for all modes of transport, including heavy transport sectors. Kevin R. Weiss, President/Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder of Byogy gave this illuminating presentation on the upgrading of ethanol to

December 18, 2018 Read Full Article

GoodFuels Launches Zero-Emission Heavy Fuel Oil. Ultra-Low Sulphur Marine Biofuels Step Forward.

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  From the Netherlands comes news of a world first:  GoodFuels Marine and the shipping company NORDEN have completed successful trials of what they bill as “the world’s first zero emission, ‘drop in’ Heavy Fuel Oil equivalent marine

December 04, 2018 Read Full Article

New Plant at Gothenburg Port Starts Offering Bio-LNG Bunkering to Ships

(Swedegas/NGV Journal)  Gothenburg-based shipping company Terntank was the very first operator to take on LNG and bio-LNG at a new bunkering facility at the Port of Gothenburg. “Being able to offer this unique opportunity represents a major breakthrough, not only in

December 03, 2018 Read Full Article

Danish Firm Claims First Biofuel Commercial Sea Voyage

by Tom Burridge (BBC News)  As things stand, the vast majority of ocean-going vessels that transport goods across the globe run on what is known as "heavy fuel oil".  It is thick, black and cheap.  Dirk Kronemeiier describes it as the "dirtiest fuel

December 02, 2018 Read Full Article

Biofuels for the Marine Shipping Sector: An Overview and Analysis of Sector Infrastructure, Fuel Technologies and Regulations

by Chia-wen Carmen Hsieh and Claus Felby (University of Copenhagen/IEA Bioenergy) The merchant shipping sector is one of the mayor players in world trade. More than 80% of all goods are transported via international shipping routes. The sector consumes more

December 29, 2017 Read Full Article
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Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOAK (First of a Kind) FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHGP) Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h hairy vetch Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (HEFA-SKA) Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISB10 isobutanol ISB15 isobutanol ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel 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Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime linseed Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill lupin Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps 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microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose 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Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive 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benefit tax credits tax incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene tomato Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy travel policy Treasury Department trees 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