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WTO Circulates Panel Report on Malaysia’s Biodiesel Policy Complaints against EU

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest) ...  WTO appellate body says it is extremely difficult to determine the extent of any contribution that is made toward the achievement of the objective(s) of the measures. Much of this difficulty derives from the fact

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EBB Moves Focus of Biodiesel Trade Dispute with China from Circumvention to Dumping

(European Biodiesel Board/Biobased Diesel Daily)  After its success in identifying evidence of fraudulent practices and stopping the suspected reexporting of Indonesian biodiesel through the Port of Hainan in China, the European Biodiesel Board has moved to the next and most significant

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EU Confirms Probe into Cheap Chinese Biodiesel Decimating EU Industry

 by Sean Goulding Carroll (EURACTIV)  European biofuel producers have praised the European Commission’s decision to launch an anti-dumping investigation into Chinese biodiesel imports, calling it a positive step to stop the economic devastation of the domestic EU biofuel sector. Last month, the

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European Commission to Examine Allegations of Unfairly Traded Biodiesel from China

(European Commission) The European Commission has today launched an investigation into allegations of dumping of biodiesel from China onto the EU market. -- If dumping is confirmed and is found to be harming EU producers, the Commission may impose measures (typically duties

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Dispute Panel Established to Review EU Duties on Imports of Biodiesel from Indonesia

(World Trade Organization)  The Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) agreed at its meeting on 27 November to a request from Indonesia for the establishment of a dispute panel to review countervailing duties imposed by the European Union on imports of biodiesel from

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TRA Opens Transition Review into Biodiesel from Argentina Public Comment DEADLINE October 23, 2023

( U.K. Trade Remedies Authority)  The Trade Remedies Authority has launched a transition review into countervailing measures on biodiesel imported from Argentina. -- The Trade Remedies Authority (TRA) has today (Thursday 5 October) launched a transition review into countervailing measures on biodiesel imported from

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Brazil Offers Ethanol Tech to India to Settle Sugar Dispute

 by Mukesh Jagota (Financial Express) The development came about amid a few rounds of official level talks and a ministerial meeting between the two sides. -- India and Brazil are close to settling their long-standing disputes on the sugar industry, with the

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EU Starts Probe on Indonesian Biodiesel Avoiding Import Duties

by Sudip Kar-Gupta, Gus Trompiz, Bernadette Christina and Stefanno Sulaiman (Reuters)  The European Union said on Thursday it had launched an investigation into whether biodiesel from Indonesia was circumventing EU duties by going through China and Britain. The EU is Indonesia's third-largest destination for palm

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Argentina Initiates WTO Dispute Complaint Targeting Peruvian Duties on Biodiesel Imports

(World Trade Organization)  Argentina has requested WTO dispute consultations with Peru concerning anti-dumping and countervailing duties imposed by Peru on imports of biodiesel from Argentina. The request was circulated to WTO members on 6 September. Argentina is challenging six measures relating

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CBP Issues Detention Order on Palm Oil Produced with Forced Labor in Malaysia

(U.S. Customs and Border Protection) Effective September 30 at all U.S. ports of entry, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will detain palm oil and palm oil products made by FGV Holdings Berhad and its subsidiaries and joint ventures. CBP’s Office

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European Commission Launches Investigation to Extend “B99” Measures against US Biodiesel Imports

(European Biodiesel Board)  On September 14th 2020, the European Commission formally launched an investigation review aiming at extending anti-dumping and countervailing measures applicable to imports of biodiesel originating in the United States of America (USA), the so called “B99” measures. The

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WTO Rules Against Trump China Tariffs

by Larry Lee (Brownfield Ag News) The World Trade Organization has ruled in favor of China, saying President Trump’s tariffs on Chinese goods violates international regulations for trade.  The WTO panel says the U.S. could not prove the tariffs were necessary,

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UPDATE 1-Malaysia to File WTO Legal Action against EU over Restrictions on Palm Biofuel

by Mei Mei Chu (Today) Malaysia, the world's second largest palm oil producer, will take legal action against the European Union's restrictions on palm oil-based biofuels with the World Trade Organization (WTO), calling the policy a "discriminatory action". Plantation Industries and Commodities

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Jokowi Says EU Palm Oil Restrictions Are 'Act of Trade War'

by Telly Nathalia (Jakarta Globe) he European Union had provoked a "trade war" by issuing discriminative restrictions on Indonesian palm oil, President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo tweeted on Saturday.  "Indonesia has 13 million hectares of oil palm plantations that produce 46 million tons

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Palm and PME Ride a Crest of Optimism into 2020

by Donavan Lim (S&P Global Platts) Indonesian PME exports to sink; CPO production stalls; B30 to support consumption  --  Analysts and traders fixated on the elevated crude palm oil stockpile at the beginning of 2019 are left cheering as CPO stocks fell across

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European Liquor off the Menu in Indonesia as Trade Row Escalates

by Ed Davies and Philip Blenkinsop  (Reuters/Jakarta Post) What started as a spat with the European Union over Indonesian palm oil has escalated into a far broader trade dispute with imported European spirits and now dairy products caught in the crossfire.   Trade

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EU Parliament Unfazed by Trade Fight over Palm Biofuel Phase-Out

by Hans Nicholas Jong (Mongabay.com/Eco-Business) A European member of parliament says the bloc isn’t concerned about threats by Indonesia and Malaysia to file a trade complaint over an EU policy to phase out palm oil-based biofuels by 2030. The two Southeast

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Indonesia Set to Face, Sue Europe over Renewable Energy Policies

(Antara News)  The Indonesian government will prepare to take legal action at the World Trade Organization (WTO) to challenge the European Union (EU) over its Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) and Delegated Regulation (DR). The lawsuit plan was rolled out

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NBB, ASA Ask Commerce Secretary Ross for Meeting Before Final Decision on Argentine Biodiesel Duty Rates

(National Biodiesel Board)  Letter says Commerce must make the right decision, rather than a hurried decision -- Today (September 30, 2019), the National Biodiesel Board (NBB) and American Soybean Association (ASA) sent a letter to Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross, requesting

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Notice of Initiation of an Anti-Subsidy Proceeding Concerning Imports of Biodiesel Originating in Indonesia

(European Commission)  The European Commission (‘the Commission’) has received a complaint under Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1037 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 on protection against subsidised imports from countries not members of the

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In New Sign of Trade Battle, China Slaps U.S. Sorghum Producers with 179 Percent Deposit

by Emily Rauhala (The Washington Post)  China announced temporary anti-dumping measures Tuesday on U.S. sorghum, potentially hitting U.S. growers and exacerbating the brewing trade war between Beijing and Washington. China’s Ministry of Commerce said that starting Wednesday, Chinese importers of U.S. sorghum,

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EU Scraps Duty on Most Argentina, Indonesia Biodiesel: Document

Philip Blenkinsop (Reuters)  The European Union has removed duties on biodiesel imports for 13 Argentine and Indonesian producers following the end of legal proceedings at the European Court of Justice (ECJ), an EU document shows. The bloc set anti-dumping duties on imports

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U.S. Agriculture Secretary Says Exports at Risk in Tariff Disputes

by Karl Plume (Reuters)  U.S. agricultural exports could be at risk in any retaliation over tariffs implemented by the White House, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue said on Monday. ... Perdue said that while the United States is not currently in a

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Brazilian Lawmakers Mull Expanded Ethanol Tariff

(Argus Media)  Mato Grosso state congressman Fabio Garcia presented a bill that would remove Brazil's 600mn liter/year (10,339 b/d) tariff exemption on imported ethanol, a move that would hurt imports from the US.  The bill is seen as a response to the

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ABLC 2018 Preview: Deployment Dawns, Products Proliferate, and Techs Land Major Venture Deals as the Bioeconomy Advances into a Big 2018

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Washington, ABLC 2018 opens amidst a flutter of government rollbacks of deployment support but the hope of regulatory relief, breakthroughs in financial structuring, a decisive shift in early-stage projects to nutrition & health, and an

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US Ethanol Groups Slam Potential Extension of EU Antidumping Duties

(ICIS)  -US ethanol trade groups on Wednesday slammed the European Commission’s review to extend antidumping duties on US fuel ethanol. The 9.5% duties are set to expire at the end of this month, but on Tuesday the European Renewable Ethanol Association (e-Pure) announced it will

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NBB Coalition Secures Affirmative Final Decision on Dumping of Biodiesel Imports

(National Biodiesel Board)  Commerce Department Finds That Argentina and Indonesia Sell Biodiesel Imports Below Fair Value in US  --  The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) Fair Trade Coalition won a final antidumping determination from the Commerce Department. The department found that biodiesel imports

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Indonesia to File Case against U.S. Anti-Subsidy Duty on Biodiesel

by Bernadette Christina Munthe, Maximiliano Rizzi and Fransiska Nangoy (Reuters)    Indonesia plans to file a case against the U.S. Department of Commerce at the U.S. Court of International Trade over anti-subsidy duties imposed on Indonesian biodiesel shipments, a Trade Ministry

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Yay or Nay – Will EU Really Say No More Palm-Based Biodiesel?

by Helena Taveres Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  ... Environmental groups have long been against palm oil plantations on these crucial climate fighting forests. But consumers are using more palm oil products, from cosmetics to biofuels to food ingredients, and the demand for

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EU Launches New Trade Inquiry into Argentine Biodiesel

by Philip Blenkinsop and Sybille de la Hamaide (Reuters)  The European Commission has begun a new investigation into whether Argentine biodiesel exporters benefit from unfair subsidies, following a complaint in December by the European Biodiesel Board (EBB). The EU’s official journal said on

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Palm Oil to Be Phased out as Biodiesel Feedstock?

by Cheryl Kalisch Gordon (Rabobank/The Land)  Only a month after the European Union confirmed Australian canola would satisfy the new 2018 greenhouse gas requirements for use in EU biodiesel, a proposal to alter the EU’s overarching renewable energy policy has

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EU Set to Launch Subsidy Inquiry into Argentinean Biodiesel

(Reuters/NASDAQ)  The European Commission will next week launch an investigation into whether Argentine producers exporting biodiesel to the bloc are benefiting from unfair subsidies, people familiar with the case said. The Commission, which oversees trade policy across the 28-nation bloc, is expected

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WTO Rules EU Must Change Duties on Indonesia Biodiesel

by Philip Blenkinsop and Bernadette Christina Munthe (Reuters)  The World Trade Organization (WTO) has ruled in favor of several challenges by Indonesia to anti-dumping duties imposed on its biodiesel exports to the European Union, saying the measures needed to be changed. The ruling is

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Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand Ready to Retaliate on EU Palm Oil Ban

By Ooi Tee Ching  (New Straits Times)  Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand will retaliate if the EU’s ongoing discrimination and attack on the palm oil industry becomes legislative, said Plantation Industries and Commodities Minister Datuk Seri Mah Siew Keong. On April 4 last

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Against the Odds

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  Continued investment and expansion took place in the U.S. biodiesel sector throughout 2017, despite rising political uncertainty and a lapsed tax credit. Here is an overview of some of the activity, plus a special sidebar story

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Commission Tells Malaysia Proposed Biofuel Policy Respects WTO Rules

by Sarantis Michalopoulos (EurActiv)  The European Commission’s proposal for the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive is in compliance with the EU’s commitments under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules, Commission sources told EURACTIV.com, replying to threats from Malaysia to refer

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U.S. Biofuel Trade Fight Benefits Canola Futures

by Phil Franz-Warkentin (Manitoba Co-Operator)  ... ICE Futures Canada canola contracts climbed to their highest levels in more than two months during the week ended Oct. 27, as declines in the Canadian dollar and gains in U.S. soyoil provided double the

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Felda Protests EU's Ban on Palm Oil

by  Zunaira Saieed (The Star)  FELDA, which harbours the largest population of oil palm smallholders in Malaysia, fully condemns the discriminatory act by the European Union (EU) to ban palm oil from entering its market. This year, the EU Parliament has passed

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International Trade Commission Votes 4-0 In Support of the Biodiesel Industry

(National Biodiesel Board)  NBB Fair Trade Coalition Filed Cases on Harm from Biodiesel Imports from Argentina and Indonesia  --  Today the International Trade Commission (ITC) voted 4-0 in favor of the National Biodiesel Board (NBB) Fair Trade Coalition’s position that the industry

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Mah: Endorsing Palm Oil Biofuel Ban a Step Backwards for Malaysia-EU Trade Ties

(Malay Mail Online)  The vote on Nov 28, 2017 by the Industry, Research & Energy Committee (ITRE) of the European Union’s (EU) Parliament  to endorse the ban on palm oil biofuels in Europe, under EU’s Renewable Energy Directive (RED) is a step backwards for

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U.S. Producers Object to 20% Import Tariffs Imposed by Brazil Protest Comes month after Trump Intervened to Support Industry

by Mario Parker and Fabiana Batista (Bloomberg)  ... American ethanol producers said Thursday in a letter to U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer that they’re seeking Brazil’s suspension from a trade program allowing duty-free imports into the U.S. The move follows Brazil’s decision in

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European Industry Counterattacks against Argentine Biodiesel

by Aline Robert (EurActiv)  A group representing European biodiesel producers filed a complaint about illegal state aid with the European Commission on 3 November.   It’s the latest episode in a commercial war between European biodiesel and its South American competitor. In September,

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In Final Decision, Commerce Department Confirms Unfair Subsidies by Argentina, Indonesia of Biodiesel Imports

(National Biodiesel Board)  Next Steps Include Today's Hearing in the ITC, ITC Vote on Subsidies December 5 -- Today the Commerce Department issued a final determination in a case brought by the National Biodiesel Board (NBB) Fair Trade Coalition regarding subsidized biodiesel

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U.S. Biodiesel Import Limit Opens Door to Canola - The Western Producer

by Sean Pratt (Western Producer)  A biodiesel trade war in the United States should result in new demand for Canadian canola oil, says an economist. The U.S. commerce department issued a preliminary ruling last week paving the way for antidumping duties on

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U.S. Sets Antidumping Duties on Argentine, Indonesian Biodiesel

by Eric Walsh (Reuters)  The U.S. Commerce Department set preliminary antidumping duties on imports of biodiesel from Argentina and Indonesia, after an initial finding that the products used as motor fuel were being sold at prices below market value in the

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NBB Holds Firm In Its Request for 2.5 Billion Gallons of Biomass-Based Diesel, 4.75 Billion Gallons of Advanced Biofuels

(National Biodiesel Board)  EPA Letter Does Not Include a Commitment to Raise Biomass-Based Diesel Volumes  --  Yesterday the National Biodiesel Board (NBB) responded to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Notice of Data Availability (NODA), focusing on the advanced biofuel standard for

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Awaiting Final US Ruling over Indonesia's Alleged Biodiesel Dumping

(Indonesia Investments)  Stakeholders in Indonesia's biodiesel industry are waiting for the final ruling of the US Commerce Department regarding the dumping of biodiesel products on the American market. The USA accuses Indonesia and Argentina of subsidizing biodiesel exports, hence leading to

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Argentina’s Biodiesel Plagued by Commercial and Environmental Challenges

by  Daniel Gutman (Inter  Press Service)  The Argentine biodiesel industry, which in the last 10 years has become one of the most powerful in the world, has an uncertain future, faced with protectionist measures in the United States and Europe and

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Industry in Full Court Press on DC Priorities

by Donnell Rehagen (National Biodiesel Board/Biodiesel Magazine)  ... Our big three in D.C. remain the Renewable Fuel Standard, the trade case and the biodiesel tax incentive. All three issues require a comprehensive, multifaceted approach made up of advocacy efforts in Congress, various

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Refiners Make America-First Pitch to Cut Biofuels

(Argus Media)  US independent refiners seized on protectionist themes and two key biofuel industry victories this year to argue regulators must reduce federally mandated blending of renewable fuels. Refiners framed a US-first pitch to slash more than 1bn USG — almost 7pc

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Argentina Seeks Minimum Biodiesel Price Rather than U.S. Tariffs

by Maximiliano Rizzi (Reuters/NASDAQ)  Argentina's government is negotiating a minimum price for its biodiesel exports to the United States that it hopes could replace punitive tariffs implemented last month, a foreign ministry official told Reuters on Thursday. An agreement was being sought

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‘No Rationale for Further Reducing’ 2018 RFS RVO, RFA Says in Response to EPA Notice

(Renewable Fuels Association)   Today, the Environmental Protection Agency issued a Notice of Data Availability (NODA), seeking comment on potential options for reductions in the biomass-based diesel, advanced biofuel and total renewable fuel volumes beyond those already proposed in EPA’s recent

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New U.S. Duties on Biodiesel Will Create Void

by Sean Pratt  (The Western Producer)  If the U.S. plans to fill the gap created by slamming the door on Argentina and Indonesia, it may need Canadian canola  --  A biodiesel dispute involving the United States and other countries could

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China, Brazil Spark Global Trade War over Biofuels -- Ethanol Leaders Expect Trump to Return Fire

by  Ben Wolfgang (The Washington Times)  Throughout his campaign, President Trump voiced unwavering support for U.S. ethanol. Now that he’s in the White House, industry leaders say it’s time for Mr. Trump to back up his words with action by returning

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Argentine Biodiesel Industry Says U.S. Duties Will Halt Exports

by Michael Hirtzer (Reuters)  Argentine biodiesel exports will be priced out of the U.S. market, its leading industry body said, after Washington decided on Tuesday to impose steep duties on imports that it said were unfairly subsidized. The countervailing duties on

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NBB Fair Trade Coalition Succeeds in Latest Stage of Biodiesel Import Cases

(National Biodiesel Board)  Department Finds That Argentina and Indonesia Unfairly Subsidize Biodiesel They Export to US   --  The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) Fair Trade Coalition won a preliminary countervailing duty determination from the Commerce Department regarding subsidized biodiesel imports from

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Brexit Fears of Biodiesel Firm

(Motherwell Times)  Motherwell and Wishaw MP Marion Fellows visited the Newarthill factory of Argent Energy to discuss the effects of Brexit on the business. The plant produces biodiesel and aims to continue contributing to the global battle against climate change

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Biodiesel From Argentina and Indonesia: Postponement of Preliminary Determinations of Antidumping Duty Investigations

(Federal Register/International Trade Administration)  On April 12, 2017, the Department of Commerce (Department) initiated antidumping duty (AD) investigations on biodiesel from Argentina and Indonesia.[1] Currently, the preliminary determinations of these investigations are due no later than August 30, 2017. Postponement of

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EBB: There Is No Reason EU Should Act Now to Lower Import Duties

(European Biodiesel Board/Biodiesel Magazine)  EU member states are to decide on the European Commission’s proposal to radically lower the antidumping duties on Argentinian and Indonesian biodiesel imports. The European biodiesel industry warns of the dramatic impact that this decision may

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Application of America-First Approach to RVOs Well-Intended, But Misses the Mark

by Donnell Rehagen (National Biodiesel Board)  The first action by the Trump administration on the Renewable Fuel Standard was much anticipated. The National Biodiesel Board and the entire biofuels industry eagerly awaited the 2018 renewable volume obligations (RVO) proposal released

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EU to Cut Biodiesel Tariffs for Argentina, Indonesia, Following WTO Ruling

by Poppy Carnell (M Lex Market Insight) EU dumping tariffs on biodiesel from Argentina and Indonesia will be cut by more than half, after European investigators recalculated the duty rate in line with a ruling by the World Trade Organization. The move

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Dinneen: Chinese Ethanol Trade Barriers Compounds Deficit

by Todd Neeley (DTN The Progressive Farmer) Trade barriers in the form of antidumping and countervailing duties imposed by the Chinese on dried distillers grain imports from the United States, are compounding an already large trade deficit, Renewable Fuels Association

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Brazil Acts to Protect Ethanol Producers as U.S. Imports Jump

by Luciano Costa (Reuters)  Brazil is toughening requirements for ethanol importers to protect domestic producers from an incoming surge of U.S. corn ethanol, a minister said on Monday, adding that he opposed the idea of new tariffs that could trigger costly

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U.S. to Launch Probe into Argentina, Indonesia Biodiesel Imports

by Eric Walsh and Fransiska Nangoy (Reuters)  The United States said on Thursday it would start an investigation into imports of biodiesel from Indonesia and Argentina for possible dumping and subsidization. The U.S. International Trade Commission is scheduled to make a preliminary

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Dumping Complaint Could Kill Argentine Biodiesel Exports, Groups Says

by Maximiliano Rizzi (Reuters)  Argentina's biodiesel exports could be devastated if the U.S. government imposed anti-dumping duties on the coutrtry based on a complaint by the U.S. National Biodiesel Board, the heads of two local industry chambers said. The board last week

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US Biofuels Part of Food, Feed Global Solution

by Tom Buis (Growth Energy/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Cleaner burning, higher performing fuels and their nutritious coproducts are valuable at home and abroad, and have the potential to resolve many issues around the globe, writes Tom Buis.  --  ... Growth Energy has

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U.S. Biodiesel Industry Challenges EU Trade Barriers

(National Biodiesel Board)  The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) on Tuesday filed comments with the European Commission challenging unfair trade duties that have blocked U.S. biodiesel from being exported to Europe since 2009. NBB urged the commission to allow duties on U.S.

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Battle for the Barrel: Ethanol Strikes Back as Industry Is “Under Siege but Fighting Back.”

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In a fiery address at the National Ethanol Conference, RFA chief Bob Dinneen rallies his troops. ...He derided industry opponents as “the angry birds at the National Chicken Council, the mad cows at the American Meat

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Call for Cuts to Trade Barriers for Ethanol and Sugar Trade

(ABC Rural)  ...At a meeting in London, the Global Sugar Alliance has called on governments to eliminate subsidies and trade barriers. It says sugar consumption around the world is expected to increase by 40 million tonnes over the next decade, but

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Economic Researcher: EU Biofuel Policy Not Based on Science

(Environmental Protection) Gernot Pehnelt, Ph.D., director of GlobEcon, released a study that says the Renewable Energy Directive discriminates against foreign biofuels. “European Policies Towards Palm Oil: Sorting Out Some Facts,” demonstrates that the default assumptions embedded in the directive about the

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condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel clean fuel production tax credit Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date 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pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 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equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm 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(FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel 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of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO 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