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EU Parliament Unfazed by Trade Fight over Palm Biofuel Phase-Out

by Hans Nicholas Jong (Mongabay.com/Eco-Business) A European member of parliament says the bloc isn’t concerned about threats by Indonesia and Malaysia to file a trade complaint over an EU policy to

October 15, 2019 Read Full Article

Indonesia Set to Face, Sue Europe over Renewable Energy Policies

(Antara News)  The Indonesian government will prepare to take legal action at the World Trade Organization (WTO) to challenge the European Union (EU) over its Renewable Energy Directive II (RED

October 10, 2019 Read Full Article

NBB, ASA Ask Commerce Secretary Ross for Meeting Before Final Decision on Argentine Biodiesel Duty Rates

(National Biodiesel Board)  Letter says Commerce must make the right decision, rather than a hurried decision — Today (September 30, 2019), the National Biodiesel Board (NBB) and American Soybean Association (ASA)

October 2, 2019 Read Full Article

Notice of Initiation of an Anti-Subsidy Proceeding Concerning Imports of Biodiesel Originating in Indonesia

(European Commission)  The European Commission (‘the Commission’) has received a complaint under Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1037 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 on

December 18, 2018 Read Full Article

In New Sign of Trade Battle, China Slaps U.S. Sorghum Producers with 179 Percent Deposit

by Emily Rauhala (The Washington Post)  China announced temporary anti-dumping measures Tuesday on U.S. sorghum, potentially hitting U.S. growers and exacerbating the brewing trade war between Beijing and Washington. China’s Ministry

April 17, 2018 Read Full Article

EU Scraps Duty on Most Argentina, Indonesia Biodiesel: Document

Philip Blenkinsop (Reuters)  The European Union has removed duties on biodiesel imports for 13 Argentine and Indonesian producers following the end of legal proceedings at the European Court of Justice (ECJ),

March 21, 2018 Read Full Article

U.S. Agriculture Secretary Says Exports at Risk in Tariff Disputes

by Karl Plume (Reuters)  U.S. agricultural exports could be at risk in any retaliation over tariffs implemented by the White House, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Sonny Perdue said on Monday. …

March 20, 2018 Read Full Article

Brazilian Lawmakers Mull Expanded Ethanol Tariff

(Argus Media)  Mato Grosso state congressman Fabio Garcia presented a bill that would remove Brazil’s 600mn liter/year (10,339 b/d) tariff exemption on imported ethanol, a move that would hurt imports from

March 19, 2018 Read Full Article

ABLC 2018 Preview: Deployment Dawns, Products Proliferate, and Techs Land Major Venture Deals as the Bioeconomy Advances into a Big 2018

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Washington, ABLC 2018 opens amidst a flutter of government rollbacks of deployment support but the hope of regulatory relief, breakthroughs in financial structuring, a decisive

February 28, 2018 Read Full Article

US Ethanol Groups Slam Potential Extension of EU Antidumping Duties

(ICIS)  -US ethanol trade groups on Wednesday slammed the European Commission’s review to extend antidumping duties on US fuel ethanol. The 9.5% duties are set to expire at the end of this month,

February 22, 2018 Read Full Article

NBB Coalition Secures Affirmative Final Decision on Dumping of Biodiesel Imports

(National Biodiesel Board)  Commerce Department Finds That Argentina and Indonesia Sell Biodiesel Imports Below Fair Value in US  —  The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) Fair Trade Coalition won a final antidumping determination

February 22, 2018 Read Full Article

Indonesia to File Case against U.S. Anti-Subsidy Duty on Biodiesel

by Bernadette Christina Munthe, Maximiliano Rizzi and Fransiska Nangoy (Reuters)    Indonesia plans to file a case against the U.S. Department of Commerce at the U.S. Court of International Trade over

February 6, 2018 Read Full Article

Yay or Nay – Will EU Really Say No More Palm-Based Biodiesel?

by Helena Taveres Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  … Environmental groups have long been against palm oil plantations on these crucial climate fighting forests. But consumers are using more palm oil products, from

February 5, 2018 Read Full Article

EU Launches New Trade Inquiry into Argentine Biodiesel

by Philip Blenkinsop and Sybille de la Hamaide (Reuters)  The European Commission has begun a new investigation into whether Argentine biodiesel exporters benefit from unfair subsidies, following a complaint in December by

February 1, 2018 Read Full Article

Palm Oil to Be Phased out as Biodiesel Feedstock?

by Cheryl Kalisch Gordon (Rabobank/The Land)  Only a month after the European Union confirmed Australian canola would satisfy the new 2018 greenhouse gas requirements for use in EU biodiesel, a

January 31, 2018 0 comment Read Full Article

EU Set to Launch Subsidy Inquiry into Argentinean Biodiesel

(Reuters/NASDAQ)  The European Commission will next week launch an investigation into whether Argentine producers exporting biodiesel to the bloc are benefiting from unfair subsidies, people familiar with the case said. The

January 30, 2018 Read Full Article

WTO Rules EU Must Change Duties on Indonesia Biodiesel

by Philip Blenkinsop and Bernadette Christina Munthe (Reuters)  The World Trade Organization (WTO) has ruled in favor of several challenges by Indonesia to anti-dumping duties imposed on its biodiesel exports to the European

January 26, 2018 Read Full Article

Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand Ready to Retaliate on EU Palm Oil Ban

By Ooi Tee Ching  (New Straits Times)  Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand will retaliate if the EU’s ongoing discrimination and attack on the palm oil industry becomes legislative, said Plantation Industries and

January 25, 2018 Read Full Article

Against the Odds

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  Continued investment and expansion took place in the U.S. biodiesel sector throughout 2017, despite rising political uncertainty and a lapsed tax credit. Here is an overview

January 24, 2018 0 comment Read Full Article

Commission Tells Malaysia Proposed Biofuel Policy Respects WTO Rules

by Sarantis Michalopoulos (EurActiv)  The European Commission’s proposal for the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive is in compliance with the EU’s commitments under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules, Commission

January 12, 2018 Read Full Article

U.S. Biofuel Trade Fight Benefits Canola Futures

by Phil Franz-Warkentin (Manitoba Co-Operator)  … ICE Futures Canada canola contracts climbed to their highest levels in more than two months during the week ended Oct. 27, as declines in the

December 29, 2017 Read Full Article

Felda Protests EU’s Ban on Palm Oil

by  Zunaira Saieed (The Star)  FELDA, which harbours the largest population of oil palm smallholders in Malaysia, fully condemns the discriminatory act by the European Union (EU) to ban palm oil

December 26, 2017 Read Full Article

International Trade Commission Votes 4-0 In Support of the Biodiesel Industry

(National Biodiesel Board)  NBB Fair Trade Coalition Filed Cases on Harm from Biodiesel Imports from Argentina and Indonesia  —  Today the International Trade Commission (ITC) voted 4-0 in favor of the National

December 5, 2017 Read Full Article

Mah: Endorsing Palm Oil Biofuel Ban a Step Backwards for Malaysia-EU Trade Ties

(Malay Mail Online)  The vote on Nov 28, 2017 by the Industry, Research & Energy Committee (ITRE) of the European Union’s (EU) Parliament  to endorse the ban on palm oil biofuels in Europe,

November 30, 2017 Read Full Article

U.S. Producers Object to 20% Import Tariffs Imposed by Brazil Protest Comes month after Trump Intervened to Support Industry

by Mario Parker and Fabiana Batista (Bloomberg)  … American ethanol producers said Thursday in a letter to U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer that they’re seeking Brazil’s suspension from a trade program allowing duty-free

November 13, 2017 Read Full Article

European Industry Counterattacks against Argentine Biodiesel

by Aline Robert (EurActiv)  A group representing European biodiesel producers filed a complaint about illegal state aid with the European Commission on 3 November.   It’s the latest episode in a commercial

November 10, 2017 Read Full Article

In Final Decision, Commerce Department Confirms Unfair Subsidies by Argentina, Indonesia of Biodiesel Imports

(National Biodiesel Board)  Next Steps Include Today’s Hearing in the ITC, ITC Vote on Subsidies December 5 — Today the Commerce Department issued a final determination in a case brought by the

November 9, 2017 Read Full Article

U.S. Biodiesel Import Limit Opens Door to Canola – The Western Producer

by Sean Pratt (Western Producer)  A biodiesel trade war in the United States should result in new demand for Canadian canola oil, says an economist. The U.S. commerce department issued a

November 7, 2017 Read Full Article

U.S. Sets Antidumping Duties on Argentine, Indonesian Biodiesel

by Eric Walsh (Reuters)  The U.S. Commerce Department set preliminary antidumping duties on imports of biodiesel from Argentina and Indonesia, after an initial finding that the products used as motor fuel

October 25, 2017 Read Full Article

NBB Holds Firm In Its Request for 2.5 Billion Gallons of Biomass-Based Diesel, 4.75 Billion Gallons of Advanced Biofuels

(National Biodiesel Board)  EPA Letter Does Not Include a Commitment to Raise Biomass-Based Diesel Volumes  —  Yesterday the National Biodiesel Board (NBB) responded to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Notice of

October 20, 2017 Read Full Article

Awaiting Final US Ruling over Indonesia’s Alleged Biodiesel Dumping

(Indonesia Investments)  Stakeholders in Indonesia’s biodiesel industry are waiting for the final ruling of the US Commerce Department regarding the dumping of biodiesel products on the American market. The USA accuses

October 19, 2017 Read Full Article

Argentina’s Biodiesel Plagued by Commercial and Environmental Challenges

by  Daniel Gutman (Inter  Press Service)  The Argentine biodiesel industry, which in the last 10 years has become one of the most powerful in the world, has an uncertain future, faced

October 18, 2017 Read Full Article

Industry in Full Court Press on DC Priorities

by Donnell Rehagen (National Biodiesel Board/Biodiesel Magazine)  … Our big three in D.C. remain the Renewable Fuel Standard, the trade case and the biodiesel tax incentive. All three issues require a comprehensive,

October 18, 2017 Read Full Article

Refiners Make America-First Pitch to Cut Biofuels

(Argus Media)  US independent refiners seized on protectionist themes and two key biofuel industry victories this year to argue regulators must reduce federally mandated blending of renewable fuels. Refiners framed a

October 4, 2017 Read Full Article

Argentina Seeks Minimum Biodiesel Price Rather than U.S. Tariffs

by Maximiliano Rizzi (Reuters/NASDAQ)  Argentina’s government is negotiating a minimum price for its biodiesel exports to the United States that it hopes could replace punitive tariffs implemented last month, a foreign

October 3, 2017 Read Full Article

‘No Rationale for Further Reducing’ 2018 RFS RVO, RFA Says in Response to EPA Notice

(Renewable Fuels Association)   Today, the Environmental Protection Agency issued a Notice of Data Availability (NODA), seeking comment on potential options for reductions in the biomass-based diesel, advanced biofuel and total

September 26, 2017 Read Full Article

New U.S. Duties on Biodiesel Will Create Void

by Sean Pratt  (The Western Producer)  If the U.S. plans to fill the gap created by slamming the door on Argentina and Indonesia, it may need Canadian canola  —  A

September 15, 2017 Read Full Article

China, Brazil Spark Global Trade War over Biofuels — Ethanol Leaders Expect Trump to Return Fire

by  Ben Wolfgang (The Washington Times)  Throughout his campaign, President Trump voiced unwavering support for U.S. ethanol. Now that he’s in the White House, industry leaders say it’s time for Mr.

September 6, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

Argentine Biodiesel Industry Says U.S. Duties Will Halt Exports

by Michael Hirtzer (Reuters)  Argentine biodiesel exports will be priced out of the U.S. market, its leading industry body said, after Washington decided on Tuesday to impose steep duties on

August 23, 2017 Read Full Article

NBB Fair Trade Coalition Succeeds in Latest Stage of Biodiesel Import Cases

(National Biodiesel Board)  Department Finds That Argentina and Indonesia Unfairly Subsidize Biodiesel They Export to US   —  The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) Fair Trade Coalition won a preliminary countervailing duty

August 22, 2017 Read Full Article

Brexit Fears of Biodiesel Firm

(Motherwell Times)  Motherwell and Wishaw MP Marion Fellows visited the Newarthill factory of Argent Energy to discuss the effects of Brexit on the business. The plant produces biodiesel and aims

August 18, 2017 Read Full Article

Biodiesel From Argentina and Indonesia: Postponement of Preliminary Determinations of Antidumping Duty Investigations

(Federal Register/International Trade Administration)  On April 12, 2017, the Department of Commerce (Department) initiated antidumping duty (AD) investigations on biodiesel from Argentina and Indonesia.[1] Currently, the preliminary determinations of these

August 17, 2017 Read Full Article

EBB: There Is No Reason EU Should Act Now to Lower Import Duties

(European Biodiesel Board/Biodiesel Magazine)  EU member states are to decide on the European Commission’s proposal to radically lower the antidumping duties on Argentinian and Indonesian biodiesel imports. The European biodiesel

August 9, 2017 Read Full Article

Application of America-First Approach to RVOs Well-Intended, But Misses the Mark

by Donnell Rehagen (National Biodiesel Board)  The first action by the Trump administration on the Renewable Fuel Standard was much anticipated. The National Biodiesel Board and the entire biofuels industry

August 9, 2017 Read Full Article

EU to Cut Biodiesel Tariffs for Argentina, Indonesia, Following WTO Ruling

by Poppy Carnell (M Lex Market Insight) EU dumping tariffs on biodiesel from Argentina and Indonesia will be cut by more than half, after European investigators recalculated the duty rate in

July 20, 2017 Read Full Article

Dinneen: Chinese Ethanol Trade Barriers Compounds Deficit

by Todd Neeley (DTN The Progressive Farmer) Trade barriers in the form of antidumping and countervailing duties imposed by the Chinese on dried distillers grain imports from the United States,

May 19, 2017 Read Full Article

Brazil Acts to Protect Ethanol Producers as U.S. Imports Jump

by Luciano Costa (Reuters)  Brazil is toughening requirements for ethanol importers to protect domestic producers from an incoming surge of U.S. corn ethanol, a minister said on Monday, adding that he

May 17, 2017 Read Full Article

U.S. to Launch Probe into Argentina, Indonesia Biodiesel Imports

by Eric Walsh and Fransiska Nangoy (Reuters)  The United States said on Thursday it would start an investigation into imports of biodiesel from Indonesia and Argentina for possible dumping and subsidization.

April 14, 2017 Read Full Article

Dumping Complaint Could Kill Argentine Biodiesel Exports, Groups Says

by Maximiliano Rizzi (Reuters)  Argentina’s biodiesel exports could be devastated if the U.S. government imposed anti-dumping duties on the coutrtry based on a complaint by the U.S. National Biodiesel Board, the

April 4, 2017 Read Full Article

US Biofuels Part of Food, Feed Global Solution

by Tom Buis (Growth Energy/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Cleaner burning, higher performing fuels and their nutritious coproducts are valuable at home and abroad, and have the potential to resolve many issues

August 25, 2015 Read Full Article

U.S. Biodiesel Industry Challenges EU Trade Barriers

(National Biodiesel Board)  The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) on Tuesday filed comments with the European Commission challenging unfair trade duties that have blocked U.S. biodiesel from being exported to Europe

October 2, 2014 Read Full Article

Battle for the Barrel: Ethanol Strikes Back as Industry Is “Under Siege but Fighting Back.”

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In a fiery address at the National Ethanol Conference, RFA chief Bob Dinneen rallies his troops. …He derided industry opponents as “the angry birds at

February 7, 2013 Read Full Article

Call for Cuts to Trade Barriers for Ethanol and Sugar Trade

(ABC Rural)  …At a meeting in London, the Global Sugar Alliance has called on governments to eliminate subsidies and trade barriers. It says sugar consumption around the world is expected

December 8, 2010 Read Full Article

Economic Researcher: EU Biofuel Policy Not Based on Science

(Environmental Protection) Gernot Pehnelt, Ph.D., director of GlobEcon, released a study that says the Renewable Energy Directive discriminates against foreign biofuels. “European Policies Towards Palm Oil: Sorting Out Some Facts,”

April 20, 2010 Read Full Article

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of Information Act (FOIA) free fatty acids (FFA) French fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel additives fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon Gambia gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline-range hydrocarbons gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gas prices gas tax/highway user fee General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal Germany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government subsidies grains grain sorghum/milo grain speculators GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green/black economy green chemistry green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing GREET model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guinea Gulf states Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP Haiti Halophytes harvesting harvest site processing Hawaii hazardous waste HDCJ health health benefits health effects heat-tolerance heating oil/fuel heat of combustion heat of vaporization hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) HFS-SIP hibiscus High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project Highway Bill highway funds highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Honge tree nuts Hong Kong hops horse bedding Horse manure horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrids hydrocarbon fuels hydrofaction hydrogen hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen fuel cells hydrogenolysis hydrogen pumps hydropower hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal liquefaction hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois illuppai ILUC (Indirect Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indiana Indian 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isooctene Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 Jetfuel (Sustainable Alternative Jetfuel (SAJF)/Renewable Jetfuel (RJF) Jimmy Carter Jobs jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 juniper jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kamani Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa Kuwait Kygryzstan labels Labrador lactose Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree Lebanon legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) lignin Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars Lipid liquefaction liquid liquidation liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M3 M15 M50 M100 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Biofuel marine algae Marine Corps Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbe microbes microbiology microorganizms microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum Monaco mongongo Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol nahar Namibia nanocatalysts nanocellulose 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leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds NTSB nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol off-take agreements Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins olive cake olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm 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insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propanol property insurance protectionism protein protests public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week R33 rabbits race radiata pine Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rainforest RAND rare earth metal RD20 RD30 RD99 RD100 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit Renewable Diesel/Green 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RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island Ricardo rice rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rotation crops royalties RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass s saccharification Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC SAK sales Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar sal tree salt water Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy Scotland 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