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Ottawa Unveils $2.6B Carbon Capture Tax Credit for Energy Sector

by Amanda Stephenson (The Canadian Press/Carbon Capture Magazine) Ottawa is urging oil and gas companies to move quickly to take advantage of a major new tax credit for carbon capture and

May 6, 2022 Read Full Article

Fuelcell Energy Project Identified for Funding From Canada’s Clean Resource Innovation Network to Design Pilot for Clean Carbon Capture

(FuelCell Energy) Project awarded $6.8M to join forces with network to deliver the only technology available to decarbonize oil and gas industry operations while producing power —  FuelCell Energy, Inc. (Nasdaq:

February 21, 2022 Read Full Article

EXCLUSIVE New York Pension Fund to Divest Half Its Shale Companies

by Ross Kerber (Reuters) … “To protect the state pension fund, we are restricting investments in companies that we believe are unprepared to adapt to a low-carbon future,” (New York

February 11, 2022 Read Full Article

Shell’s Massive Carbon Capture Plant Is Emitting More Than It’s Capturing

by Anya Zoledziowski (Vice World News)  A new Global Witness report found that it has the same carbon footprint per year as 1.2 million gas-powered cars.  — A first-of-its-kind “green” Shell

January 21, 2022 Read Full Article

ExxonMobil Affiliate to Produce Renewable Diesel to Help Reduce Transportation Emissions in Canada

(ExxonMobil/Business Wire)  Project will include carbon capture and storage, hydrogen to meet low-carbon fuel standards; Strathcona refinery could produce 20,000 barrels of renewable diesel per day in 2024; Renewable diesel

August 26, 2021 Read Full Article

XPRIZE Announces the Two Winners of $20M NRG COSIA Carbon XPRIZE, with Each Team Creating Valuable Products out of CO2 Emissions

(XPRIZE)  Both $7.5M Grand Prize Winners Developed Technologies Focused on Decarbonizing Concrete, the World’s Largest Material Industry   – XPRIZE, the global leader in designing and implementing innovative competition models to solve the

April 23, 2021 Read Full Article

Global Fuel Standards Are Pushing the Dirtiest Oil out of the Market

by Michael J. Coren (Quartz) Not all oil is equal. We think of petroleum as equivalent whether it comes from the ground in Saudi Arabia or Texas. But that’s not quite

October 13, 2020 Read Full Article

Clean Fuel Standard a Second Carbon Tax, says Saskatchewan’s Minister of Energy and Resources

by Brian Zinchuk (MSN/The Canadian Press/Estevan Mercury) In its efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30 million tonnes per year, the federal government is working developing a new “Clean

September 22, 2020 Read Full Article

How the Fossil Fuel Industry Is Attempting to Buy the Global Youth Climate Movement

by Alleen Brown (The Intercept) …  CEOs from fossil fuel corporations including BP, Royal Dutch Shell, and Norway’s Equinor were attending the annual gathering of the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative

December 17, 2019 Read Full Article

Portland Oil Terminal Looks to Pipe Biofuels

by Cassandra Profita (Oregon Public Broadcasting) Zenith Energy says it wants to add renewable fuels and what it calls “a liquid intermediate” to the list of products it handles at its

October 8, 2019 Read Full Article

U.S. Oil Companies Find Energy Independence Isn’t So Profitable

by Clifford Krauss (New York Times)  … In the last four years, roughly 175 oil and gas companies in the United States and Canada with debts totaling about $100 billion have

July 1, 2019 Read Full Article

Governor Jay Inslee Rolls Out More Climate Policy

(Our Daily Planet)  When it comes to climate policy, Governor Jay Inslee already has a plan to address nearly every element of the climate crisis, but on Monday he rolled out a new

June 25, 2019 Read Full Article

Immovable Objects: Railroad Delays …

by Matt Thompson (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Railroad delays in 2014 forced ethanol plants to slow production or find other ways to move their products. Four years later, the situation has improved,

December 6, 2018 Read Full Article

Global Oil Demand under Growing Threat from Electric Cars, Cleaner Fuel

by Amanda Cooper (Reuters)  Oil demand seen peaking in 2040 at 106.3 mln bpd – IEA;  Demand forecast raised by over 1 mln bpd vs last year;  But electric cars, fuel efficiency to

November 18, 2018 Read Full Article

Peak Oil: Is History Repeating Itself, Again?

(Energy Today/OilPrice.com)  In 2002, oil prices were hovering around $20 per barrel and then rose almost continuously until mid-2008 when the price of a barrel of oil on the New York

August 13, 2018 Read Full Article

Sustainability Is All the Rage but Financing of Extreme Fossil Fuels Is on the Rise

by Eshe Nelson (Quartz Media)  … Last year, when economic losses from natural and man-made disasters exceeded $300 billion, big banks across the globe increased their financing of “extreme” fossil-fuels activities by

March 30, 2018 0 comment Read Full Article

‘Keep It In The Ground’ Activists Optimistic Despite Oil Boom

by Jeff Brady (National Public Radio)  The United States oil business is booming and the country could soon be the largest crude oil producer in the world. Despite this record-breaking production,

March 16, 2018 Read Full Article

U.S. Exporting Filthy Fuel to India–VIDEO

(Associated Press) WATCH VIDEO  Here

January 3, 2018 Read Full Article

Alberta Launches Giant C$1.4 Billion “Clean Energy” Push Aimed at Oilsands with Pennies for Bioenergy

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In Canada, Alberta announced C$63 million of a C$1.4 billion push for “clean energy” will go towards bioenergy projects including biofuels and renewable electricity, while $440

December 7, 2017 Read Full Article

New Report: California Oil Among World’s Dirtiest — Rampant Oil Production Undermines State’s Climate Leadership

(Center for Biological Diversity)  Three-quarters of California’s oil is as climate-damaging as Canadian tar sands crude, according to a Center for Biological Diversity report released today at the United Nations climate change conference

November 10, 2017 Read Full Article

Tar Sands/Oil Sands Carbon Footprint Underestiated by Nearly 25%

by Lisa Song (The Energy Mix)  In a finding that should resonate strongly for Canadian decision-makers charged with meeting the country’s climate targets, new research reveals that the carbon footprint

April 13, 2017 Read Full Article

Big Oil Could Be Ready for a Big Comeback

by Paul R. La Monica (CNN Money)  Oil prices are down so far this year — and so are energy stocks. But some experts think that won’t last for long. President Trump

March 31, 2017 Read Full Article

Reject Backward Thinking on Carbon

by Carol Werner (Environmental and Energy Study Institute/Morning Consult)  … H.R. 5180, a proposal introduced by U.S. Representative Bill Flores (R-Texas), would place a 9.7 percent cap on consumption of homegrown

November 7, 2016 Read Full Article

In Pitting Biofuels against the Environment, Only Clear Winner Is Oil

by Jessie Stolark (The Hill/Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  … The total amount of U.S. land under production by American farmers is down– not just over the last 50 or 100 years, but

August 11, 2016 Read Full Article

SDFU Delegates Vote to Take Pro-E30 Challenge

by Mikkel Pates (Agweek)  The South Dakota Farmers Union celebrated its 100th annual meeting by taking another step forward in history by unanimously passing a resolution that dedicates its members

December 11, 2015 Read Full Article

Alberta to Introduce Economy-Wide Carbon Tax in 2017

(Washington Post/Reuters)  The government of Canada’s Alberta province, home to the country’s controversial oil sands, said Sunday that it will implement an economy-wide tax on carbon emissions in 2017, addressing

November 23, 2015 Read Full Article

New Bill Would Keep Fossil Fuel Reserves On Public Lands In The Ground

by Katie Valentine (Think Progress)  …  Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR), along with Senator and presidential candidate Bernie Sanders, is introducing a bill Wednesday that would bar new leases on coal,

November 6, 2015 0 comment Read Full Article

Big Oil’s Not So Smart Campaign

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association)  … If Big Oil truly believed its product (oil) was better than ethanol, why not launch a campaign on the greatness that is oil. Perhaps Big Oil could

October 28, 2015 Read Full Article

Bernie Sanders Calls For Federal Investigation Of Exxon

by Emily Atkin (Think Progress)  Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) wants ExxonMobil investigated by the Department of Justice.  In a letter to Attorney General Loretta Lynch on Tuesday,

October 21, 2015 Read Full Article

Exxon’s Own Research Confirmed Fossil Fuels’ Role in Global Warming Decades Ago (Parts 1 and 2)

by Neela Banerjee, Lisa Song and David Hasemyer (Inside Climate News)  Top executives were warned of possible catastrophe from greenhouse effect, then led efforts to block solutions. … This untold chapter

September 17, 2015 Read Full Article

Water Purification Technologies Being Developed by Noble Purification in Expanded Quarters in Former Trentway Bus Garage on River Rd.

by Joelle Kovach (Petersborough Examiner)  A local company that’s developing new technologies to purify water opened a new local facility on Tuesday.  Noble Purification was founded by Adam Noble, 21,

September 4, 2015 Read Full Article

EWG Makes Untrue Claims about Ethanol

by Geoff Cooper (Des Moines Register) Letter to Editor: The Environmental Working Group’s claim that ethanol is worse for the climate than the Keystone pipeline is like saying apple juice is

June 3, 2015 Read Full Article

Fuel Summit Reflects on Lack of RFS, Options for Expansion

by Gene Lucht (Iowa Farmer Today)  Government uncertainty and low oil prices pose the biggest challenges to the ethanol and biodiesel markets in 2015, according to speakers at last week’s

February 8, 2015 Read Full Article

Declaring “The Truth Matters”, Biodiesel Leaders Say Policy Makers Need to Consider the Facts to Get the Renewable Fuels Standard Back on Track

(National Biodiesel Board) The National Biodiesel Conference and Expo opens with a fiery speech by the industry’s chief spokesperson.   Arguing that federal policy makers must see through the false attacks by

January 20, 2015 Read Full Article

Sorry, Mr. Matthews, Fossil Fuels Are Not the Way to Go: PennLive Letters

by Bob Dinneen (Renewable Fuels Association/PennLive)  In a recent diatribe on Pennlive, (“Don’t subsidize renewable energy; fossil fuels are the way to go,” Dec 15), Merrill Matthews wrongly states that

December 22, 2014 Read Full Article

Dr. Stephen Mayfield: When Will Algae-based Transportation Fuels Be Economically Viable?

by Stephen Mayfield (International Society for Applied Phycology Newsletter)   I am often asked, “When will algae-based transportation fuels be commercially available?” My answer tends to be that they are available now,

April 17, 2014 Read Full Article

Oil And Gas Sector Biggest Producer Of Greenhouse Gases In Canada

by Will Campbell (The Canadian Press/Huffington Post)  An environmental analyst says the rise of oil and gas production as Canada’s biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions adds further weight to

April 15, 2014 Read Full Article

Are Ethanol Fuels Better than Petroleum?

by Robert Moffitt  (Twin Cities Daily Planet)  In response to “Ethanol is a not long term solution,” I’ll begin by saying the author made some valid points. No, ethanol is

September 26, 2013 Read Full Article

Could Algae Biofuel Doom The Keystone XL Pipeline?

by Tina Casey (Clean Technica)  As pressure on the Obama Administration to approve the Keystone XL Pipeline ramps up, algae biofuel is emerging as yet another domestic energy source that

February 22, 2013 Read Full Article

COLUMN-EU Biofuel Shift Could Apply to Tar Sands: Wynn

by Gerard Wynn (Reuters)  The European Commission has proposed phasing out support for food-based biofuels in a move that not only undermines the industry but provides a possible roadmap for addressing the wider

October 24, 2012 Read Full Article

Petroleum Refiners Get out the Old Fear-Mongering Playbook for Attack on Renewable Fuel Standard

by Brent Erickson (BIO/Biofuels Digest)  Despite oil industry claims of “$10 million in fines for non-existent fuels” – they paid exactly $19,010.16 for cellulosic ethanol waivers in 2010, costing US

August 2, 2012 Read Full Article

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farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Honge tree nuts Hong Kong hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrids Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrocarbon fuels hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen hydrogen aircraft hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen fuel cells hydrogenolysis hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indiana Indian beech tree Indian grass indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine internal combustion engine/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactose Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquidation liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M3 M15 M50 M100 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts mass balance standard Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methan methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks methanization Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol fuel cells methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National 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nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil/gas terminals oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot scale pine pineapple pine beetle pine needles pine nut pinion pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R5 R33 rabbits race radiata pine Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rainforest rain tree RAND rare earth metal RD10 RD20 RD30 RD80 RD99 RD100 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/REDIII) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment R Factor RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island Ricardo rice rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rotation crops royalties RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass s saccharification Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC SAK Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar sal tree salt water Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed-to-wheel seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solaris solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soybean prices soybeans soy meal Spain spartina specifications Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) subsid succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel Sugar Beets/Energy Beets sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugars sugars-to-fats sugar standards sulfur Sumatra sunflower sunflower stalks supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweetgum sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas syngas/gas fermentation synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung Tamarix tank-to-wheel tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition 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VEETC vegetable oils vehicles miles traveled (VMT) Velocys Venezuela Vermont Victoria video Vietnam vinasse vinegar vineyard waste Virginia Virgin Islands. virgin oils viruses VLSFO (very low sulfur fuel oil) volatile fatty acids (VFA) volunteers Vulcanol w waiver Wales warranty Washington Washington DC waste waste-to-chemicals Waste-to-Energy waste-to-fuel waste alcohol Waste CO2 waste heat waste management waste oil waste paper waste vegetable oil wastewater water water consumption water footprint water hyacinth watermeal watermelon water pollution water quality water treatment wax weather well-to-wheel West Africa Western Australia West Java West Virginia wet distillers grain wet extraction What You Can Do wheat wheat bran wheat fiber wheatgrass wheat prices wheat straw whey whisky white grease White House wildlife habitat willow wind energy wine wastage/grape marc winter crops Wisconsin women Wood woody biomass World Bank World Trade Organization (WTO) Wyoming XTL xylan xylene 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