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The Digest’s 2025 Multi-Slide Guide to Power to Liquids: Money from Thin Air

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  NexantECA identifies Power-to-Liquids (PTL) and CO2 utilization as increasingly vital due to projected shortfalls in meeting 2050 emission targets with current technologies. PTL, utilizing CO2 as a feedstock, typically requires dedicated low-carbon intensity power. The presentation

June 19, 2025 Read Full Article

Hapag-Lloyd Achieves Bio-Methane Milestones Under ZEMBA Initiative

(Bunker Market)  Hapag-Lloyd, World’s leading shipping liner company, has reached significant milestones in its efforts to decarbonize the shipping industry under the Zero Emission Maritime Buyers Alliance (ZEMBA) initiative. The company successfully completed its bio-methane bunkering operations, marking a major step toward the

May 24, 2025 Read Full Article

WBA Connect+ -- Empowering Connections for a Sustainable Future

(World Biogas Association) The WBA Connect+ is a collaborative initiative dedicated to strengthening industry connections, enhancing performance, sharing knowledge, and driving innovation in the anaerobic digestion (AD), biogas, biomethane, and biofuels sectors. Our mission is to speed up the industry’s growth by fostering

May 16, 2025 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2025 Multi-Slide Guide to Connecting Industry & Building Consensus

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Sam Lehr from Molecule Group discussed connecting the Bio-based, Synthetic, and Hydrogen-based Fuels, Chemicals and Materials industries. Key takeaways include engaging in global dialogues and policy advocacy, representing industry to bodies like COP30, G7, and G20.

May 15, 2025 Read Full Article

EU Requirements for CO₂ Use in RFNBO Production: What Makes a Fuel an RFNBO?

by Timothy Daniel* (Rimba, Inc., special for Advanced Biofuels USA)  Under the EU Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II), Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBOs) are defined as “liquid or gaseous fuels which are used in the transport sector other than biofuels

May 06, 2025 Read Full Article

Is the Transition to Renewable Energy Sustainable for Humans?

by Philippe Marchand (Transport Energy Strategies) France’s General Accountability Office, in French Cour des Comptes, the public comptroller which rational organization dates back to Napoleonic times (1807 precisely), has recently published a 260-page report on the biogas value chain public support strategy, unusually

May 01, 2025 Read Full Article

Increasingly More of Fazer’s Bakery Products Go by Gasum’s Low-Emission Biogas

(Gasum) Gasum also uses Fazer’s food waste to produce biogas.  --  Nordic energy company Gasum and the food and confectionary group Fazer have entered into an agreement on the use of biogas in the transport of Fazer’s bakery products. The inedible food

March 06, 2025 Read Full Article

MOL Joins International e-methane Alliance e-NG Coalition - Aiming to Decarbonize Energy and Transport Industries

(Mitsui O.S.K. Lines)  Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd. (MOL; President & CEO: Takeshi Hashimoto) today announced that on March 1 2025, it joined the e-NG Coalition (Note 1), an international alliance that aims to accelerate the development and use of e-methane (Note

March 06, 2025 Read Full Article

StormFisher Hydrogen Secures US$50 Million Commitment from Hy24 to Deliver Pipeline of Clean Fuel Production Projects in North America

(StormFisher Hydrogen) StormFisher Hydrogen, a leading developer and producer of clean fuels, announces today it has secured a US$50 million commitment from Hy24’s Clean Hydrogen Infrastructure Fund, the world’s leading low-carbon hydrogen asset manager. This strategic partnership will accelerate StormFisher Hydrogen’s

February 13, 2025 Read Full Article

Freija Develops Large-Scale Clean Fuel Production in the Tampere Region to Decarbonize Heavy Duty Transport across Europe

(Freija) Freija is progressing the development of one of Europe’s largest clean fuel production facilities in the City of Nokia, Tampere region, Finland, to meet strong demand for eMethane driven by adopted EU directives. Plant development and operation will trigger material

January 25, 2025 Read Full Article

Finland Hopes e-Fuels Can Recreate the Nokia Magic

by Charles Szumski and Donagh Cagney (Euractiv) ... Energy company Freija AS has announced plans to build a major e-methane production facility in the Finnish town of Nokia – the original home of the former phone giant.  The announcement yesterday is a victory for Finland,

January 22, 2025 Read Full Article

PV GAS to Pilot Small-Scale Green Hydrogen Production and Supply

(Viet Nam News) PetroVietnam Gas Corporation (PV GAS) plans to launch a pilot project for small-scale green hydrogen production and supply to serve industrial and transportation sectors in the southeast region. -- PetroVietnam Gas Corporation (PV GAS) plans to launch a pilot

January 17, 2025 Read Full Article

Biodiesel Surges Ahead in Confidence as Shipping Industry Weighs Maritime Fuel Options

by Sara Kosmajac (Offshore Energy)  Biodiesel has topped the poll of the second edition of the Sustainable Maritime Fuel (SMF) Fest Confidence Index, pushing the 2023 winner, liquefied natural gas (LNG)-biomethane to second runner, while LNG e-methane managed to hold onto

December 26, 2024 Read Full Article

UECC and Titan Agree Landmark Biomethane Deal

(UECC and Titan)  UECC vessels to sail on biomethane supplied by Titan for rest of 2024 and most of 2025, representing largest ongoing LBM commitment in shipping -- United European Car Carriers (UECC) and Titan Clean Fuels (Titan) have signed a new

December 02, 2024 Read Full Article

Gasum Sells Exclusively Biogas at Its Finnish Gas Filling Stations Going Forward

(Gasum)  In Finland, customers of Gasum's filling stations have already been buying almost exclusively biogas for some time now. Natural gas sales will end at filling stations on 30 August. From the end of this summer, only biogas will be distributed at

August 08, 2024 Read Full Article

1968: Are We Back There Again? Can the Bioeconomy Help?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... A bigger and more worthy task, equal in impact to the Apollo moon shot, is to de-risk industrial biotechnology investments and de-carbonize agriculture. Those are not drops in the ocean, they are each of them,

July 23, 2024 Read Full Article

UECC Chooses Titan for Major Liquefied Biomethane Deliveries

(UECC and Titan) LBM bunkering operations kick off UECC’s ‘Green Gas Month’ and reinforce LBM availability today -- United European Car Carriers (UECC) and Titan Clean Fuels (Titan) are collaborating on a series of major liquefied biomethane (LBM) bunkering operations in the Port

July 05, 2024 Read Full Article

Amber Grid’s New Analysis Shows Potential for Green CO2 Capture from Biomethane and Biofuel

(CE Energy News)  To find effective ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, Amber Grid, the Lithuanian gas transmission system operator, commissioned by the Ministry of Energy, has carried out an assessment analysis of green technologies for CO2 (biogenic carbon dioxide) capture

April 10, 2024 Read Full Article

Hapag-Lloyd Takes Largest Ship-to-Ship LBM Delivery to Date Made Possible by the Joint Effort of STX Group and Titan Clean Fuels

(Titan)  Titan Clean Fuels, a leading supplier of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied biomethane (LBM) to shipping customers, and STX Group, a global leader in environmental commodities trading and climate solutions, today announce having successfully concluded a ship-to-ship bunkering of 2,200

April 10, 2024 Read Full Article

CycleØ Acquires Biogasclean to Increase Fully Circular Green Gas Production by Capturing CO₂

(CycleØ/PR Newswire) Acquisition puts CycleØ at the forefront of synthetic green gas innovation via carbon capture and utilisation (CCU); CycleØ now offers a fully circular biomethane solution which captures methane emissions and CO2; Biogasclean is one of the few companies worldwide pioneering a

February 29, 2024 Read Full Article

Lake Charles Methanol Announces Plans for $3.2 Billion Renewable Methanol Plant

by AnaClare Barras (KPLC TV) Lake Charles Methanol announced plans for a new $3.2 billion manufacturing plant at the Port of Lake Charles that would turn natural gas and renewable gas feedstocks into blue methanol. Methanol, which is found in hundreds of products,

February 19, 2024 Read Full Article

Santos and Tokyo Gas to Collaborate on Carbon-Neutral e-Methane in Australia

(Santos) Santos continues to build momentum to deliver new energy solutions by partnering with Japan’s largest gas utility company, Tokyo Gas, to investigate the potential for producing carbon-neutral e-methane in Australia. E-methane is made by combining green hydrogen and CO2 obtained from

December 08, 2023 Read Full Article

Aker Carbon Capture Awarded Feasibility Study by MAN Energy Solutions to Develop Power-to-Fuel Solution

(Aker Carbon Capture)  MAN Energy Solutions has awarded Aker Carbon Capture a feasibility study to develop a joint power-to fuel-solution. The study, which extends Aker Carbon Capture’s partnership with MAN Energy Solutions, investigates the full integration of Aker Carbon Capture’s standardized

November 29, 2023 Read Full Article

TES and Tokyo Gas Forge New Partnership to Accelerate the Decarbonization of Hard to Abate Sectors through e-NG

(Tree Enegy Solutions)  Tree Energy Solutions (TES), a global green energy company leading the way in the production of e-NG (electric natural gas derived from green hydrogen, widely referred to as e-methane in Japan), and Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. (Tokyo Gas),

November 10, 2023 Read Full Article

CMA CGM and Maersk Join Forces to Accelerate the Decarbonization of the Shipping Industry

(Maersk)  Both CMA CGM and Maersk have set ambitious Net Zero target and invest extensively in the energy transition in shipping. The two leading shipping companies will work together to develop the use of alternative greener fuels for container vessel propulsion. Maersk and

September 20, 2023 Read Full Article

Launch of Demonstration Experiment for CO2 Capture from Waste-to-Energy Plant Flue Gas for Use in Methanation

(Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) Joint Project by the City of Yokohama, Tokyo Gas, and MHI Group to Establish a CCU Chain Based on Regional Cooperation -- The City of Yokohama and Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. (Tokyo Gas), together with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

August 09, 2023 Read Full Article

Shell and Hapag-Lloyd Sign LNG Supply Deal to Promote Shipping Decarbonization

(Shell/AltFuels) Shell Western LNG B.V and Hapag-Lloyd announced the signing of a multi-year agreement for the supply of LNG to Hapag-Lloyd’s ultra large dual-fuel container vessels of 23,500+ 20-foot equivalent units (TEU). Bunkering for these 12 new vessels is expected to

March 03, 2023 Read Full Article

MOL and Air Water Collaborate on Japan’s First Project of Bio-LNG as Marine Fuel

(MOL/Air Water/Alt Fuels) Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd. (MOL) and Air Water Inc. announced the signing of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to jointly study the trial use of bio-LNG derived from cattle manure, in LNG-powered vessels. This joint study will be conducted

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

move: New Reactor Concept for Methanation -- Robust and Flexible to Synthetic Methane

by Annina Schneider (EMPA)  Synthetic energy carriers are carbon-neutral and make renewable energy transportable and storable in the long term. Synthetically produced methane is one of them. The problem: The production involves rather high energy losses; moreover, existing processes require

February 02, 2023 Read Full Article

United, Tallgrass, and Green Plains Form Joint Venture to Develop New Sustainable Aviation Fuel Technology Using Ethanol

(United Airlines/PR Newswire) United, Tallgrass, and Green Plains will invest up to a combined $50 million in the joint venture – Blue Blade Energy – to develop the technology; United has entered into an offtake agreement with Blue Blade Energy

February 01, 2023 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Renewable Diesel

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) These slides were presented by Digest editor Jim Lane for the December 22 episode of ABLC CONNECT, and focused on the Drivers, Margins, Project List. Value Stack, Mandates, Policies, Tax Credits, Supply Crunch, and Hot

December 26, 2022 Read Full Article

In the Storehouse of His Bounty: Is There Enough Feedstock for our Bioeconomy Goals?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... In the Digest this week we reported that  CHS says 9 million more acres of soybeans are needed to supply the soybean and renewable diesel plants under construction. CHS says it would force farmers to move

December 26, 2022 Read Full Article

Osaka Gas USA, Tallgrass & Green Plains Partner to Advance Japan’s Climate Objectives

(Green Plains/Business Wire) Green Plains Inc. (NASDAQ:GPRE), Tallgrass and Osaka Gas USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Japan-based Osaka Gas, today announced the commencement of a joint feasibility study to evaluate the production of up to 200,000 tons per year of synthetic

December 23, 2022 Read Full Article

Position Paper – The Role of Biogas and Biomethane in Pathways to Net Zero

(IEA Bioenergy) Biogas is produced as the main product of anaerobic digestion (AD) of wet biomass. Biogas can be used locally for heat purposes or for power and heat production (CHP); as an alternative, biogas can be upgraded to bio-methane to replace

December 22, 2022 Read Full Article

CMA CGM Orders Seven Biogas-Powered Ships to Serve French West Indies

(Bioenergy Insight) Chairman and CEO of the CMA CGM Group, Rodolphe Saadé, recently announced the rollout of seven new container ships powered by biogas to enhance and modernise services to the French West Indies. The ships will be delivered gradually as

November 23, 2022 Read Full Article

Reliable Measurements Mean New Opportunities for Carbon Capture

by Justin Walsh (Vaisala/Carbon Capture Magazine) ... The continuous monitoring of CO2 is difficult, as exhaust gases from incinerators can be corrosive and potentially explosive. Until recently, the only solution was to extract samples for analysis outside of the process. However,

October 28, 2022 Read Full Article

Titan to Build the World’s Largest Biomethane Liquefaction Plant

(Titan) Titan will scale up Liquified Biomethane (LBM, also known as bio-LNG) production in the Port of Amsterdam together with BioValue as biogas supplier. Linde has been contracted to perform the basic engineering. --  Titan, the independent supplier of low

October 13, 2022 Read Full Article

Green Gas to Fight Climate Change: Electrochaea's Commercial 10-Megawatt Biomethanation Plant Engineering Completed

(Electrochaea) Electrochaea has completed the engineering for the first standardized 10 MWe biomethanation plant designed for commercial operation. A 10 MWe plant can produce several million cubic meters of renewable synthetic methane per year that replaces any use of fossil natural

October 12, 2022 Read Full Article

SEA-LNG Response to UCL Rreport Exploring Methods for Understanding Stranded Value: Case Study on LNG Capable Ships

(SEA-LNG) The recent study from UCL, Exploring methods for understanding stranded value: case study on LNG capable ships, is a flawed academic exercise, detached from reality. In setting out a framework for their analysis the authors make innumerable contestable and unsupported statements. Somewhat confusingly,

September 23, 2022 Read Full Article

ICCT Report on LNG Pathway Makes Flawed Assumptions Based on Outdated Data

(SEA-LNG) SEA-LNG responds to a report by the NGO International Council on Clean Transportation: Comparing the Future Demand for, Supply of, and Life-Cycle Emissions from Bio, Synthetic, and Fossil LNG Marine Fuels in the European Union --   The recent ICCT

September 20, 2022 Read Full Article

CMA CGM creates a USD 1.5 Billion Special Fund for Energies to Accelerate the Energy Transition in Shipping and Logistics

(CMA CGM) -A five-year investment and a dedicated team to drive the energy transition. -The objective is to accelerate decarbonization across shipping, inland, and logistics operations globally. -A major commitment to developing energy-saving and energy-efficient solutions. The CMA CGM Group announced

September 08, 2022 Read Full Article

Quest for Feedstock: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of SAF

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This week on ABLC CONNECT, we networked and exchanged information about the world of Sustainable Aviation Fuel, and as part of the proceedings, we had the State of Sustainable Aviation Fuel presentation. The slides are

August 15, 2022 Read Full Article

World’s Longest Green-Shipping Corridor to Be Established between the Netherlands and Singapore

(The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore and the Port of Rotterdam/Biobased Diesel Daily) The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore and the Port of Rotterdam have signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to establish the world’s longest green and

August 09, 2022 Read Full Article

Johnson Matthey Expands Presence in Green Hydrogen with Stake in AEM Electrolyser Pioneer Enapter

(Johnson Matthey)  Today, Johnson Matthey, a global leader in sustainable technologies, enters into a strategic partnership with Enapter, a pioneer and commercial leader in AEM electrolysis. AEM is a next generation electrolyser technology that promises to drive down the cost of green hydrogen

June 02, 2022 Read Full Article

ANL: Completes Biofuel Powered Voyage in Oceania

(ANL) -ANL, partners with Woolworths Group in celebration of Oceania-first containerised shipping biofuel trial. -Biofuel powered sailing is a major step towards decarbonisation of ocean freight. -As part of the CMA CGM Group, ANL will achieve Net Zero carbon by

April 15, 2022 Read Full Article

A.P. Moller - Maersk Engages in Strategic Partnerships across the Globe to Scale Green Methanol Production by 2025

(Maersk) To boost the global production capacity of green methanol, A.P. Moller - Maersk (Maersk) enters strategic partnerships with six leading companies with the intent of sourcing at least 730,000 tonnes/year by end of 2025 (see breakdown table below). The six

March 13, 2022 Read Full Article

World’s Largest Green Hydrogen Project Unveiled in Texas, with Plan to Produce Clean Rocket Fuel for Elon Musk

by Leigh Collins (ReCharge)  The 60GW Hydrogen City project, announced by local start-up Green Hydrogen International, will be powered by wind and solar, with an on-site salt cavern for H2 storage  --  US start-up Green Hydrogen International (GHI) has announced a 60GW

March 04, 2022 Read Full Article

Let’s Call It Renewable Synthetic LNG

(SEA-LNG) SEA-LNG exists to support the ongoing development of the LNG decarbonisation pathway and is dedicated to helping shipping thrive through the energy transition. The end goal of this pathway, to deliver net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, requires the production of

December 09, 2021 Read Full Article

Fuels of the Future

(Wärtsilä/Hellenic Shipping News)  How do you create carbon neutral, synthetic fuels? Where can they be used? What can be done to accelerate decarbonisation – and, eventually, to replace the use of fossil fuels altogether? – Meet Power-to-X, the new superhero. Decarbonisation

July 26, 2021 Read Full Article

Minister O’Regan Launches Call for Proposals under $1.5-Billion Clean Fuels Fund to Grow Clean Fuels Market across Canada DEADLINE: September 29, 2021

(Natural Resources Canada) The Government of Canada is building a low-emissions energy future to strengthen the economy, create good, middle-class jobs and support workers in our natural resource sectors. Producing and using cleaner fuels in our buildings, vehicles and industries

June 23, 2021 Read Full Article

Finland's Largest Power-to-Gas Plant - Wärtsilä and Vantaa Energy to Continue Planning towards an Investment Decision

(Electric Energy Online/Wärtsilä) The technology group Wärtsilä and Finnish utility, Vantaa Energy Ltd, have signed a co-operation agreement for pre-engineering and development of a Power-to-Gas (P2G) plant for Vantaa Energy. The plant planned to be commissioned in 2025 would be the

June 18, 2021 Read Full Article

Clean Fuel Standard a Second Carbon Tax, says Saskatchewan’s Minister of Energy and Resources

by Brian Zinchuk (MSN/The Canadian Press/Estevan Mercury) In its efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30 million tonnes per year, the federal government is working developing a new “Clean Fuel Standard,” and that is ringing alarm bells for the

September 22, 2020 Read Full Article

Functional Fungus, Amyris’s Secret New Nutritional Ingredient, Bioplastics for Auto Applications, First-ever Hydrogen Powered Train and More: The Digest’s Top 10 Innovations for the Week of November 22nd

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Christmas decorations are showing up in all the stores already so The Digest figures it’s not too early to talk about the holidays…so forget about the coal powered Polar Express this winter, as the first-ever contract

November 22, 2019 Read Full Article

New Study Compares Potential of Different Decarbonisation Options in Road Transport

(VTT) Sustainable fuels could play an important role in reducing transport emissions even as electric vehicles become cheaper says a new study from VTT and the University of Cambridge Judge Business School. While electric vehicles are becoming cheaper, sustainable fuels could

October 11, 2019 Read Full Article

BioSNG Bulletin: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Biomass to Synthetic Natural Gas (BioSNG)

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Mark Robertson, from Small Planet Engineering and a member of Lee Enterprises Consulting offers this illuminating overview of renewable natural gas via biomass gasification and methanation, biogas upgrading to RNG, BioSNG developments, challenges, opportunities and more. Lee

March 01, 2019 Read Full Article

Europe Agrees Final CO2 Reduction Target, It Includes Renewable Fuels

(NGVA Europe/NGV Journal)  The third Clean Mobility Package, published in May, puts forward the first ever CO2 emissions standards for heavy-duty vehicles. As such, it was welcomed by NGVA Europe, but under the premise that it must support a technology-neutral pathway towards

February 26, 2019 Read Full Article

Sweden: Plant Produces Synthetic Natural Gas from Waste Wood

(Karlsruhe Institute of Technology/NGV Journal)  Researchers of the German Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) succeeded in producing renewable methane from a biomass-based synthesis gas mixture in their pilot plant for honeycomb methanation. The quality of this synthetic natural gas (SNG) is

October 25, 2018 Read Full Article

DGAP-News: Uniper SE: Methanation Plant in Falkenhagen Opens - Important Step for a Successful Energy Transition

(Uniper SE/Finanzen.ch) Successful completion to expansion of existing power-to-gas plant in Falkenhagen, Germany; Sector coupling for renewable electricity through conversion to synthetic Natural Gas begins; European research project STORE&GO enters next phase  Start of 24 month research operations As part of the international STORE&GO

May 10, 2018 Read Full Article

Electricity-Based Fuels: As Much as Needed for the Sake of the Climate, as Little as Possible for the Sake of Efficiency

(Agora Verkehrswende and Agora Energiewende)  ... The production of power-based synthetic fuels is a multi-stage process. First, clean energy from wind or PV electrolyzes water into hydrogen and oxygen. Then, the hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide to create gaseous or

May 09, 2018 Read Full Article

Complex Feedstocks, Clean Synthesis Gas: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to Sierra Energy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Sierra Energy has created what is billed as “the world’s most efficient gasifier,” FastOx, developed in conjunction with UC Davis, US Army and California Energy Commission. Gasification is the missing link between complex feedstocks and a

April 18, 2018 Read Full Article

Biofuel Projects Named as Semi-Finalists in Ontario Competition

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The Ontario Centres of Excellence have announced 20 semi-finalists for Ontario’s Solutions 2030 Challenge, which calls on innovators to propose solutions to help the province’s industry reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) pollution. Several of the finalists

December 26, 2017 Read Full Article

What is Renewable Methane?

by Cliff Gladstein (ACT News)  ... Attitudes toward the utility of natural gas as the environmentally preferred fuel began to change when technologies to effectively extract natural gas from local shale formations—a process called hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking”—became widely used. Although the U.S.

December 14, 2017 Read Full Article

Water Environment Research Foundation Increases Research to Further Sustainability

(Water Environment Research Foundation/PR Web)  The Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) is expanding its research with three new projects that examine wastewater as a resource. Two of the projects seek to show that materials in wastewater can be commoditized. The

December 17, 2014 Read Full Article

New Audi E-Fuels Project: E-Diesel from Air, Water and Green Electricity

(Audi)  New Audi activity in the development of CO2-neutral fuels; Pilot plant for e-diesel production opened in Dresden; Audi partnership with Climeworks and sunfire Audi is active in the development of CO2-neutral, synthetic fuels. The latest project is a pilot plant in Dresden

November 26, 2014 Read Full Article
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(CO2) carbon efficiency carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Heat Standards Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/modern/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Congressional Review Act Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cruise Ships Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi Customs and Border Protection cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of 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Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping dual-fuel/flex fuel ships Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline 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Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft 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(Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane 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lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol 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rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society 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