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Cruz to Iowa: Come to the Table or Northey Gets It

by Anthony Adragna (Politico's Morning Energy)  Sen. Ted Cruz, having seemingly failed to secure a meeting with Midwestern senators brokered by the White House, has turned to newly fledged Iowa Gov. Kim Reynolds to try and bring corn-staters to the table.

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Delaware, Regional Leaders Take on Trump's EPA

by Scott Goss (The News Journal/DelawareOnline)  Delaware City Refinery rally to call on President Trump to fix the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) and protect well-paying jobs for East Coast refiners and manufacturing workers.  Area oil refineries, union leaders, a Republican lobbying firm

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US Spread between E85 Ethanol, Gasoline Reaches All-Time High

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Washington, according to crowd-sourced data from the Renewable Fuels Association’s E85prices.com, the national price spread between regular unleaded and E85 has never been greater in the 17 years of tracking on the website. That price

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U.S. Subpoenas Icahn Over Biofuel Action While Trump Adviser

by Miles Weiss, Jennifer A Dlouhy, and Mario Parker (Bloomberg)  U.S. Attorney for Southern District of N.Y. seeks information; Icahn Enterprises discloses request in securities filing  --  Federal investigators have issued subpoenas for information on Carl Icahn’s efforts to change biofuel policy while

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Carper Leads Letter Requesting FTC Investigate and End RIN Market Manipulation

(Office of Senator Tom Carper) Bipartisan, bicameral lawmakers assert market volatility hurts East Coast refineries like PBF in Delaware City  --  Today, U.S. Senator Tom Carper, top Democrat on the Environment and Public Works Committee, along with a bipartisan, bicameral group of

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RFA Statement on Pennsylvania Governor RFS Waiver Request

by Emily Druckman (Renewable Fuels Association)   In a letter to EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt on Thursday, Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Wolf (D) asked the agency to waive Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) Renewable Volume Obligations (RVOs) for the Northeast region to no more

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Ethanol Producers Going “RINless”

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com)  Renewable Identification Number credits (RINs) have been trading higher this week and some ethanol producers and marketers are taking advantage of the higher values to offer denatured ethanol as low as 30 cents per gallon and E85

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Letter from Washington: The Grand Alliance Flashes V for Victory in Renewable Fuels Fight

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  It’s been a very busy week in Washington DC, the high point being a letter to seven senators sent late Thursday by EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt, who took significant (and as of a few days ago,

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Pruitt's Charm Offensive Has Few Actual Promises

by Anthony Adragna (Politico's Morning Energy)  Seven corn-state Republican senators emerged smiling from what they deemed a "good" meeting with EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt on Tuesday but they got no concrete policy promises on the Renewable Fuel Standard from him, Pro's

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New Statistical Analysis: No Relationship Between RIN Credits and Retail Gasoline Prices

by Emily Druckman (Renewable Fuels Association) Despite continued claims by opponents of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), prices of the Renewable Identification Number (RINs) credits used for RFS compliance have not caused changes in retail gasoline prices, according to a new analysis by Informa

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Refiners Make America-First Pitch to Cut Biofuels

(Argus Media)  US independent refiners seized on protectionist themes and two key biofuel industry victories this year to argue regulators must reduce federally mandated blending of renewable fuels. Refiners framed a US-first pitch to slash more than 1bn USG — almost 7pc

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Icahn's Oil Refiner CVR Starts Unwinding Biofuels Bet

by Jarrett Renshaw and Chris Prentice (Reuters)  Carl Icahn’s refining company CVR Energy (CVI.N) has begun buying biofuel credits for the first time in months, a sign the firm is starting to unwind a massive short position in the niche

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EPA: Thumbs-up to 'Energy Beet' Idea

by Mikkel Pates (Agweek)  The Environmental Protection Agency predicted it might take six months to do an initial evaluation of "energy beets" for their environmental footprint as a feedstock for biofuels. Six years — not months — later the agency has

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Argentine Biodiesel Industry Says U.S. Duties Will Halt Exports

by Michael Hirtzer (Reuters)  Argentine biodiesel exports will be priced out of the U.S. market, its leading industry body said, after Washington decided on Tuesday to impose steep duties on imports that it said were unfairly subsidized. The countervailing duties on

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EPA Will Reject Change that Trump Backer Icahn Sought

by Eric Wolff (Politico)  The Trump administration plans to reject a proposal that would let oil refiners off the hook for complying with the federal ethanol mandate, a senior administration official told POLITICO, dashing the hopes of billionaire Carl Icahn

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RFA Chief Says He's Still Concerned RINs Market Is Being Manipulated

by Jeff Barber (Oil Price Information Service)  The head of the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) says the ethanol industry group remains concerned that "market manipulation" is a "significant factor" driving the price of Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) and cited an

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Top 10 Storylines: Heard on the Floor at the 2017 BIO World Congress

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Industrial biotech’s biggest and grandest show, the World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology, opened today in Montreal and BIO itself was in the newsframe with a striking report debunking myths around RIN price surges. 10 Hot Newstories

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EPA Targets Biofuel Imports and Biodiesel, HUH?

by Anthony Adragna (Politico's Morning Energy)  EPA wants to cut imports of biofuels, but the biodiesel and advanced biofuels industries are mystified as to why it's getting into that arena, Pro's Eric Wolff reports . EPA cut back advanced biofuels,

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EPA Announces Proposed Volume Standards for 2018, and the Biomass-Based Diesel Volume for 2019

(Environmental Protection Agency)  On July 5, 2017 EPA issued proposed volume requirements under the Renewable Fuel Standard program for cellulosic biofuel, advanced biofuel, and total renewable fuel for calendar year 2018.  EPA also proposed biomass-based diesel volume standards for calendar year 2019.  The proposed volume requirements

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Don’t Spill That Ethanol! Those Cellulosic Fuels Are Worth $4.33 a Gallon.

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The value of cellulosic fuels has reached $4.33 per gallon in the California market. That’s real-world, today, including the energy and the low-carbon attributes, and not based on speculation. The value has risen 59 cents,

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CFTC Says It Is Not Probing Icahn's Activity in Biofuels Credits

by Timothy Gardner (Reuters)  The U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission informed eight Democratic U.S. senators last month that it is not investigating biofuels credits after the lawmakers had urged it to probe billionaire Carl Icahn's activity in that market, according

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Billionaire Carl Icahn Reaps $60 Million as Trump Adviser

by Mario Parker (Bloomberg/Southwest Farm Press)  Government work has paid off handsomely for billionaire Carl Icahn.  CVR Energy Inc., his oil refining company, saved about $60 million in the first quarter because of expectations that the federal government will ease

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Ethanol and Biodiesel: Dropping Below the Production Cost of Fossil Fuels?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... As you can see from the hard data, the production cost for ethanol today is $1.22 per gallon, which translates to $51.24 per barrel. Now, on an energy basis — given that ethanol has 67%

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Senators Call on SEC, EPA, CFTC to Investigate Trump Advisor Carl Icahn for Possible Insider Trading, Market Manipulation in Renewable Fuel Credit Market

(Office of Senator Elizabeth Warren)  U.S. Senators Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.), Tom Carper (D-Del.), Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio), Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.), Tammy Baldwin (D-Wis.), Tammy Duckworth (D-Ill.), and Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.), called on the heads of the Commodities Futures

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Icahn’s Pig in a Poke

by Brent Erickson (Biotechnology Innovation Organization/Biofuels Digest)  Members of the U.S. Senate are questioning whether Carl Icahn’s lobbying to change the Renewable Fuel Standard creates an ethics conflict with his role as advisor in the Trump administration. In addition to

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Business and Consumers Will Both Lose if Renewable Fuel Standard Is Changed

by Max McBrayer (The Hill/RaceTrac Petroleum)  ...   My perspective comes from over 30 years in the fuels business. Currently, I am chief supply officer of RaceTrac Petroleum, a fuel retailer and operator of more than 700 convenience stores from Texas

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Icahn's Oil Refiner Reports Plunge in Biofuels Bill in First Quarter

by Jarrett Renshaw and Chris Prentice  (Reuters)  Biofuels compliance expenses for CVR Energy's refining unit fell to the lowest level in almost five years during the first quarter, the company said on Thursday, as the U.S. government weighs an overhaul

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Capitol Crude: The US Oil Policy Podcast--Oil Refiners and Renewable Fuels in the Trump Era

by Brian Scheid and Meghan Gordon (Platts)  Have refiners' hopes for a quick rollback of the US biofuel mandate by the Trump administration fizzled out? The industry judged two early appointments as signs of the president's willingness to reform the Renewable

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Feature: Ethanol RINs Rebound as Prospects Fade of Quick RFS Reform

by Meghan Gordon and Wes Swift (Platts)  RINs bottom out March 2 after four-month slide; EPA may hold 2018 mandate steady, start easing in 2019; Point of obligation debate fades into background  -- Refiners' and petroleum marketers' hopes for a quick rollback of

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As OPEC Falls, What Is the Liberated Market Signaling to Producers?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...  There’s a theory going around that biofuels are “government fuels” — and prices are set around a table in Washington, DC. But if you visit the big biodiesel and ethanol firms, you’ll see right

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Icahn Bets against Renewables Market He Wants Trump to Overhaul

by Zachary Mider and Jennifer A Dlouhy  (Bloomberg)  Special adviser to president urges change in EPA rule; ‘It’s bothersome that one guy can control RIN markets’  --  Carl Icahn, the billionaire investor and adviser to President Donald Trump, said he’s betting

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RINs Not Driving Any Profits: Motiva

(Argus Media)  No one profits from credits used to track compliance with US biofuel mandates, Motiva chief executive Dan Romasko said today, wading into a controversy that has split the industry. Refinery margins rise and fall to offset the cost of

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RNG, Cellulosic Fuels and the Renewable Fuel Standard

by Susan Olson (BioCycle Magazine)  Because of an all-time high waiver credit value paired with strong advanced RIN prices, renewable natural gas could fetch $35/MMBtu in 2017. Since 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has mandated the blending of renewable fuels

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IRFA: ‘Merchant Refiners Not Paying for RINs’

(Iowa Renewable Fuels Association/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ...  The main argument of the petitioners is that they are paying for millions of dollars of RINs to meet their RFS obligations, and that this is somehow unfair and inequitable. Yet, a review

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It’s Buffett vs. Icahn as Lobbying Heats Up Over U.S. Ethanol

by Mario Parker (Bloomberg)  Association of American Railroads argues against Icahn efforts; Renewable fuel paper credits trading at one-week high -- U.S. railroads, including Warren Buffett’s BNSF, are joining a corporate brawl over ethanol mandates that pits American corn farmers and fuel

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Fracking Biomass: Steeper Energy and the Pursuit of Renewable Hydrocarbons

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...  And it (the history of fracking) reminds us that one of the great tipping points for world civilization is when technology liberates a value great enough that the fear of the risk fades for

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RINs Plunge to 14-Month Low Following EPA Regulation Freeze

(Platts)  Renewable Identification Numbers traded at 14-month lows Wednesday following news that the Environmental Protection Agency will delay implementation of 30 regulations until March 21, despite industry groups saying 2017 blending mandates are unlikely to change. "When a market is heavily

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Trump Swamp Work Can Start with RFS Repeal

by David Williams (Houston County News/Lacrosse Tribune)  ...  Billionaire investor and Trump confidant Carl Icahn is requesting changes to the Renewable Fuel Standard, the federal law requiring gasoline manufacturers to incorporate renewable fuels into their blends. Coincidently, Icahn would reap

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Want to Drain the Swamp? Start with the Renewable Fuel Standard

by David Williams (The Gilmer Mirror)  Incoming President Donald Trump's promise to "drain the swamp" is getting an early test from one of his closest friends. Billionaire investor and Trump confidant Carl Icahn is requesting changes to the Renewable Fuel Standard,

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Biofuel Producers Back Renewable Credit Trading Transparency

by Brian Dabbs (Bloomberg)  Recent criticism of secrecy and alleged manipulation in biofuel credit trading, delivered by a top adviser to President-elect Donald Trump, is striking a chord among ethanol and other renewable fuel producers. Those producers suggest insufficient credit trading oversight

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Icahn Sees Doubts About Ethanol Mandate Among Trump’s Advisers

by Mario Parker (Bloomberg)  Icahn picked as special adviser to Trump on regulations; RINs market is a ‘black cesspool of trading,’ Icahn says  --  Billionaire Carl Icahn, a special adviser to Donald Trump and a skeptic of the U.S. ethanol mandate,

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A Few Reasonable RIN Ideas

by  John Campbell (Ocean Park Advisors) The RINs market would be improved with timely blend targets and compliance reporting, increased transparency and trading limits.  --  ...  Although it might reduce undesirable trading practices, moving the point of obligation would not

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Icahn Cheers Trump EPA Pick Amid Calls for Fuel-Rule Revamp

by Mario Parker (Bloomberg)  Icahn refiner wants $15 billion renewable-fuels market changed; Cost of credits surged as U.S. mandates on biofuels at record -- Six weeks before he becomes U.S. president, Donald Trump is already disrupting an obscure, $15 billion corner of

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Trump Administration Could Be a Bend in the Road for Biofuels Blending

by Meghan Gordon and Brian Scheid (Platts)  Total renewable fuel is slated to be more than 10% of the US fuel supply in 2017, breaking through the so-called blendwall. But how will a new presidential administration affect targets for the Renewable

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Big Oil Companies Reap Windfall From Ethanol Rules

by Bradley Olson  (Wall Street Journal)  Some refiners stand to rake in $1 billion by selling fuel credits, while others must spend millions to comply  --  Environmental regulations designed to boost the amount of ethanol blended into the U.S. gasoline supply

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What's Up with RINs Prices?

by Scott Irwin (Farm Doc Daily/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)  RINs prices have been making headlines in recent months, with prices at times crossing the psychologically important $1 per gallon mark. Echoing earlier complaints (farmdoc daily, July 19, 2013; December

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U.S. Files Complaint, Announces Settlement to Address Alleged Renewable Fuel Standard Violations by NGL Crude Logistics and Western Dubuque Biodiesel

(Environmental Protection Agency)  The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Justice today announced the filing of a complaint against NGL Crude Logistics, LLC and Western Dubuque Biodiesel, LLC and a settlement with Western Dubuque to address

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“The Myth of High RIN Prices As Proof of the Blend Wall”: New Report

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Washington, the Biotechnology Innovation Organization released the new white paper, “The Myth of High RIN Prices As Proof of the Blend Wall,” analyzing data recently released by EPA on compliance with the Renewable Fuel

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It’s Time to End the Myth That High RIN Prices Prove Existence of the Blend Wall

by Brent Erickson (Biotechnology Innovation Organization/Biofuels Digest)  ...  Data recently released by EPA refutes the widely held assumption that reaching and exceeding the blend wall caused the 2013 rise in RIN prices. This newly available data calls for a thorough

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Will Changing the Point of Obligation Improve the RFS?

by John Campbell (Biodiesel Magazine/Ocean Park Advisors)  The U.S. EPA has set off a debate within the petroleum industry by suggesting that the point of obligation for compliance with the renewable fuel standard (RFS) be moved from the hands of a

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Trump Biofuel Proposals Echo Those of Backer Icahn

by Chris Prentice (Reuters)  Republican Presidential candidate Donald Trump on Thursday appeared to weigh into a debate over a controversial U.S. biofuels program with a proposal that would back the position of billionaire investor Carl Icahn, one of his wealthiest

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It's Time To Rethink The Value Of PhD: Distrusting the "Other" Doctors Advice on Engine Fuels

by Marc J. Rauch  (The Auto Channel)  ... Tobacco advertising that promoted doctor-endorsements appeared in all consumer media as well as leading medical publications like "The New England Journal of Medicine" and "The Journal of the American Medical Association." According to Robert K.

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U.S. Refiners Revamp Operations as Renewable Fuel Costs Surge

by Jarrett Renshaw and Chris Prentice (Reuters/Yahoo! Finance)  ...  The alternative is for merchant refiners to increase their ability to blend ethanol. PBF Energy is the latest refiner to take this approach. PBF has asked Delaware regulators to expand its ethanol handling

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Refiner Cuts Costs, Offers Buyouts as Ethanol Credits Rise

by Barbara J Powell (Bloomberg)   ...  RINS aren’t the real problem for the Philadelphia refinery, Robert Campbell, head of oil products research for London-based Energy Aspects, said in a telephone interview today. “East Coast refiners are not particularly competitive in this

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Where’s Butanol, or Other Substitutes for Gasoline besides Ethanol?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... Is there some fundamental reason that the automotive biofuels people haven’t shifted to butanol or iso-butanol or some other compound that would be more compatible with gasoline and the present highly evolved gasoline engines? Is

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Feature: Could a RINs Market Probe Fuel RFS Reforms?

by Brian Scheid and Herman Wang (Platts)  Growing pressure for a federal probe of the opaque market underpinning the Renewable Fuel Standard could bolster efforts to dramatically reform the landmark biofuels policy. Earlier this month, billionaire investor Carl Icahn sent a heated,

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Another Billionaire Bailout?

by Brooke Coleman (Bloomberg/Advanced Biofuels Business Council)  ... (Carl) Icahn’s ask is pretty simple. He wants the EPA to change the rules midstream to relieve his petroleum refining assets of their obligations. ... The RFS, for its part, requires petroleum companies like Icahn’s

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Ethanol Credit Spike Divides Gas Stations

by James Osborne (FuelFix)  Now gas station owners say they, too, are losing out after the price of RINs –  the credits which refineries must have to prove there is ethanol and other biofuels in the fuel supply  — shot

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The RINferno, as It Burns up America’s Venture into Advanced Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... There’s a separate category of RINs for advanced biofuels. These are fuels that have at least a 50% reduction in fossil fuels compared to 2005 baseline gasoline. Overall, to qualify under the RFS, you need

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RINferno

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Let me see if we got this right. Donald Trump loves the Renewable Fuel Standard  ---   Carl Icahn loves Donald Trump   ---   Therefore, Carl Icahn hates the Renewable Fuel Standard With that, welcome to the 2016 United

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Viewpoint: Run on the RINs Bank This Year

(Argus Media)  The bank of carryover RINs used to comply with US renewable fuel mandates faces a draw of nearly 500mn RINs this year to meet a stiff blend requirement of 10.1pc of the country's transportation fuel. An Argus analysis found

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As Price of Biofuel Credits Spike, Refiners Suspect Market Manipulation

by James Osborne (Houston Chronicle)  Earlier this year Jack Lipinski, chief executive of the Sugar Land refiner CVR Energy, flew to Washington to plead his case to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. His problem: the prices of credits required to

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EPA, CFTC Asked to Investigate Alleged Manipulation in Biofuels Market

by Alex Guillén (Politico Pro)  The Renewable Fuels Association today asked the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and EPA to investigate whether anyone is manipulating the market for a key biofuels compliance credit to drum up support for repeal of the

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Valero Says RFS Compliance Costs Are Soaring; Renewable Industry Snaps Back “Poor Capacity Planning”

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Texas, Reuters is reporting that “Valero Energy expects to get hit with a half-billion-dollar bill in the second half of the year” and the news agency attributed the costs to “the rising cost of

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Biofuels Executive Briefing Available from ADI Analytics

(ADI Analytics)  There is an increasing level of interest in conventional and advanced biofuels around the globe. Many countries are increasing biofuel mandates for several reasons ranging from stimulating agriculture, energy security, and most notably to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The

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Prices of U.S. Biofuels Credits Jump on Supply Worries

by Chris Prentice and Jessica Resnick-Ault (Reuters)  Prices of U.S. biofuels compliance credits jumped in early trade on Wednesday as worries mounted over potential supplies after Goldman Sachs Group signaled potential tightness next year on higher biofuels use requirements, according

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The Annual Battle for Renewables

by Bob Dinneen (The Hill)  ... It’s worth recalling why a bipartisan coalition of policymakers, including President George W. Bush, worked together in 2007 to expand the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), which requires oil companies to make increasing amounts of biofuel

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Valero Presses EPA for RFS Change

(Argus Media)  US Environmental Protection Agency administrators should shift the burden of US biofuel blending mandates closer to retail stations, US independent refiner Valero said today. The company, one of the largest US producers of both gasoline and ethanol, petitioned EPA

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Ethanol Blending Pressures Already Shrinking Refiner Margins

by Laura Blewitt  (Bloomberg)  Federally mandated ethanol blending is adding extra pressure to the faltering profits of U.S. refiners. The worst crude oil downturn in a generation, which at first helped refiners’ profits, has now passed through to the fuel prices. Now,

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Could Renewable Diesel’s Boom Be Cut Short by Feedstock Access and Availability?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Renewable diesel demand is booming, booming, booming. We’ve tipped it repeatedly in The Digest, not least with our March Madness webinar last week on “Renewable Diesel’s Boom”. Any doubts may well have been swept aside

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OPIS Publishes Renewable Fuels Supply Supplement

(OPIS)  The Renewable Fuels Supply Supplement is the first publication in the OPIS Market Trends series and is now available! This supplement is designed to analyze, educate and inform the global downstream industry of the latest trends, technologies and regulatory

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Octane’s Liquid Diamonds: The Secret Value of Ethanol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Is ethanol really worth $3.81 for the octane but costs only $1.39 on the market? How could that be?  Math majors around the country are frequently perplexed by this one. If you start with 84-octane RBOB

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Faced with Cheap Oil Prices, Biofuels Industry Sees No Déjà Vu

(Reuters/Business Times)  Ethanol producers may feel less pain from sinking oil prices than in previous tough times, as a government rule ensures a minimum use of the biofuel and recent consolidation gives them both financial strength and output flexibility. Oil prices

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The Looming Octane Shortage?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In a time of rising gasoline demand and targets for higher engine efficiencies, the world could use more octane.  What about ethanol, and what about iso-octane itself? The Digest looks at the economics and the supplies. Over

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The 7 Flying Reindeer: Renewable Fuel Myths that Continue to Defy Gravity

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Food vs Fuel, biofuels causing corn planting to skyrocket, low oil prices killing off renewable fuels, the subsidy myth, the emissions myth, the “people won’t buy the fuels” myth, and the Insanity myth. ... In the world

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EPA’s Contradictory Rule Is a Gut Punch to Advanced Biofuels

by Brent Erickson (Biofuels Digest/Biotechnology Industry Organization) After a painful and damaging two-year delay, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) last week published Renewable Fuel Standards (RFS) for 2014, 2015 and 2016. Unfortunately, the agency finalized a rule riddled with contradictions and

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RINs Behavior after EPA Rule Shows Ethanol-Biodiesel Relationship

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The release of the U.S. EPA’s final rulemaking for the renewable fuel standard (RFS) was a shock to the RINs market—the renewable identification numbers used by obligated parties to demonstrate compliance. Biodiesel, D4

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RINs Gone Wild? (round 2)

by Scott Irwin and Darrel Good (FarmDocDaily)  The EPA released the final rulemaking for 2014-2016 RFS standards on Monday, November 30. This release follows preliminary rulemaking released on May 29 of this year. Figures 1 and 2 are based on

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Why Ethanol Makers Are Actually Relieved With New EPA Cuts

by Robert Hackett (Fortune)  ... Farmers and ethanol companies welcomed the change, according to the Wall Street Journal, since the cuts laid out earlier this year were originally more severe. But they were still dissatisfied that the requirement did not meet

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Sit on the RINs

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... The US Environmental Protection Agency has discovered the following way of interpreting Energy Independence and Security Act.  To wit, if the transportation fuels supply chain — controlled by guess whom — does not build renewable

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8 Ways around the Big, Bad Oxygen Problem in the Advanced Bioeconomy Parts 1 and 2

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In the terrestrial world, oxygen is colorless, odorless, and try to get through an hour without some.  In the Bioeconomy Cinematic Universe, oxygen is harder than steel, heavier than a black hole, and higher than

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Irwin, Good Analyze Ethanol, Biodiesel RINs Relationships

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Ethanol D6 RIN prices have stayed relatively stable over the summer while D4 biodiesel RINs prices plummeted, Illinois economists Scott Irwin and Darrel Good point out in a recent FarmDocDaily post, “Why Isn’t the

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Industry’s Withering Critique of EPA’s Renewable Fuel Standard Proposals for 2014, 2015, 2016: The Digested Version

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Heard dire comments like “POET expects to stop all future U.S. cellulosic investments if EPA’s proposed base renewable fuel requirements are not strengthened.”  Want to understand the substantive concerns on the Renewable Fuel Standard, but

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Ethanol for All, And Then Some

by Robert Rapier (Investing Daily)  ... If less fuel is being produced than the mandated level, it drives up the price of the RIN and in theory increases the incentive to produce the fuel (which is the intent of the system). For

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EPA Hearings on Renewable Fuel Standard: Testimony of Geoff Cooper, Senior Vice President at the Renewable Fuels Association

(Biofuels Digest)  Good morning, my name is Geoff Cooper and I am representing the Renewable Fuels Association.  By any measure, the RFS has been a tremendous success. It has stimulated growth in biofuel production, revitalized rural economies, reduced GHG emissions,

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Farmers, Biofuel Industry Calls on Congress to Leave RFS Alone

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine)  On June 17, Fuels America hosted a press call during which American farmers and representatives of the biofuel industry discussed how legislative changes to the renewable fuel standard (RFS) would threaten America’s security, consumers, climate

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EPA Renewable Fuel Standard Management Scrutinized at Hearing

by Anna Simet (Biomass Magazine)  U.S. EPA Acting Assistant Administrator Janet McCabe fielded dozens of hard questions and endured heavy scrutiny during a June 18 hearing held to discuss the agency’s management of the federal renewable fuel standard (RFS). Chairing the hearing

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In Blow to Big Oil, EPA Says Oil Refiners Recover RINs Costs

by Chris Prentice (Reuters)  Oil companies ultimately recover their costs of complying with the U.S. biofuels program, according to an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) analysis that marks the regulator's clearest challenge yet to a key criticism of the policy. The report,

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U.S. Buyers Scoop up Brazilian Ethanol Amid RIN Revival

by Chris Prentice (Reuters)  Oil traders are rushing to import ethanol from Brazil for the first time this year after U.S. regulators moved to increase use of advanced biofuel, opening a wide spread in the niche biofuel credits market. The premium

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Fuels America Holds Call to Discuss New EPA Memo on RIN Prices

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  On June 11, Fuels America hosted a conference call to discuss a memo from the U.S. EPA that demonstrates the renewable fuel standard (RFS) does not increase—and, in fact, works to decrease—retail gas prices. ... Geoff

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Proposed RVO Raises Multiple Questions for Illinois Economists

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The U.S. EPA’s May 29 proposed renewable volume obligations (RVO) is under scrutiny by University of Illinois economists in recent FarmDocDaily posts. Jonathan Coppess examines the argument that EPA appears to be turning the

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Biofuel RIN Prices React Wildly to US EPA's RFS Proposals

(Platts) ...  In immediate reaction, market participants viewed the proposed obligations as bearish for corn-based ethanol (D6) RINs and bullish for biomass-based diesel (D4) RINs. Advanced biofuel (D5) RINs were expected to also track biomass-based diesel RINs higher, sources said. Moments

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New Statistical Analysis: Retail Gas Prices Unaffected by Renewable Fuel Standard RIN Credits

(Renewable Fuels Association)  Retail gasoline prices from 2013 through the first quarter of 2015 were unaffected by prices for “RIN credits” (Renewable Identification Numbers) that are used to demonstrate compliance with the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), according to a new

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Renewable Fuels Association Urges EPA to Get ”Back on Track” with Renewable Fuel Standard

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Washington, the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) submitted comments today to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) expressing support for a proposed legal agreement that sets specific deadlines for establishing Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) volume

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Cellulosic Refiners Hamstrung by Chaos in RFS-Credit Market

Amanda Peterka  (E&E Publishing)  ... Refiners aren't buying cellulosic fuel credits through the renewable fuel standard program for what the company produces. And so Quad County has received as much as $600,000 less than expected for its wares -- a shortfall

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2015 Ethanol RINs Prices Rise to Three-Month High after EPA Announcement

by Jordan Godwin and Wes Swift (Platts)  Corn-based (D6) ethanol RINs for 2015 firmed up to their highest level in more than three months Tuesday as the market continued to show a revival of aggressive bid interest, sources said. ... Market participants

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EPA Issues 2014 and 2015 Cellulosic Waiver Credit prices

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Washington, the EPA announced 2014 and 2015 Cellulosic Waiver Credit prices, and “a Clarification of the Data Sources Used in the Cellulosic Waiver Credit Price Calculation”. ... The good news here? The waiver credits have been

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RFS Roundup: Advanced Cellulosic Industry Group Breaks with Industry on RFS

(Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  On March 11, at the Advanced Bioeconomy Leadership Conference in Washington D.C., Advanced Biofuels Association President Michael McAdams broke with the “Don’t Mess with the RFS” mantra that has been the collective industry response to

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The Outlook for Renewable Fuels: The Top 10 issues for 2015

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ...Here’s our most recent update, focusing on 10 key issues (though not ranked in order of importance): 1. Oil price volatility — will it stabilize? 2. RIN price volatility — will the rollercoaster end? 3. Ethanol blend wall

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The Big Move: The Leap from First-Gen to Next-Gen Biofuels Companies, How Does It Happen?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  How does the biofuels industry move from its roots in first-gen corn starch or cane sugar fermentation towards diversified products, more capacity and distribution, and new inputs like cellulosics? How are the economics now — and

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Will Low Oil Prices Be the Downfall of Cellulosic Biofuels?

by Wally Tyner (The Conversation/Purdue University)  ... One challenge to commercializing biofuel made from non-food sources — called cellulosic biofuels — has been cost. Unlike ethanol made from corn, cellulosic biofuels are made from the inedible parts of plants or organic materials,

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Is Bureaucracy Holding Back Advanced Biofuels?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... Why must “the entire value chain of production from feedstock to finished product be conducted at a single location” asks Antoine Schellinger, VP of Strategy and Technology at Triten IAG. Should a regulatory burden for tracking

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U.S. Industry Blasts EPA Decision on Biodiesel Imports

(National Biodiesel Board)  EPA to Fast-Track Argentinian Biodiesel by Easing Sustainability Requirements The National Biodiesel Board on Tuesday sharply criticized a decision by the EPA to allow streamlined Argentinian biodiesel imports to the U.S. under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). “This decision

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The 5 Most Maddening Myths about Corn and Ethanol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Food vs Fuel, emissions, cost competitiveness, and RINsanity. Some of the most unfair bricks hurled at corn starch-based ethanol — and here’s why. ... In the field of renewable fuels, there’s no technology that’s done more

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Gasoline Price Plunge in U.S. Slowed by Higher Ethanol Costs

by Mario Parker (Bloomberg BusinessWeek)  The biggest plunge in U.S. gasoline prices since 2008 is slowing as higher ethanol boosts the cost to make the motor fuel.  Ethanol futures surpassed gasoline last month for the first time since March. Faced with

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Biofuels and the Oil Price, Gloomy Gus, Energy Bear, Express Train to Mood Hell

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Oil prices are down, energy stocks are plunging, and the investor mood is giving Lord of the Flies a run for its money for mix of peril, fantasy and pessimism.  So why is the hard

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Yellow Hose Program Brings Price Stability to E85 in Michigan

by Holly Jessen (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  A Michigan ethanol plant has had success with its Yellow Hose program, blending E85 and supplying area retailers, as well as sales at an on-site fuel pump. Carbon Green Bioenergy LLC blends E85 at the

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Does the Oil Glut Spell DOOM, GLOOM or BOOM for Alternative Fuels?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  How does $60 oil impact payback for natgas or hybrid electric vehicles, and cellulosic biofuels?  The going assumption is that low oil prices are bad for alternative fuels — but it’s not always the case.

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EPA Puts RFS In Jeopardy

by Jacqui Fatka (Farm Futures)  Actions taken by EPA to help keep RFS alive have actually backfired and brought more attacks in defending Congress’ intent. ... Wally Tyner, Purdue University ag economist, said it’s quite ironic that EPA likely proposed lower corn-based

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Congressional Budget Office Says RFS Could Result in $6.00 per Gallon Credits for Advanced Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  How does the Congressional Budget Office look at biofuels and the Renewable Fuel Standard? How does $3.00-$6.00 advanced biofuels RINs? A $0.26 per gallon hike in gasoline prices? A $1.27 drop in the price of E85

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Rolling Back the Write Down of the Renewable Mandate for 2014: The RINs Market Rings the Bell Again

by Scott Irwin (University of Illinois)  The EPA is apparently going to finalize 2014 RFS rules in the near future.  This will at least temporarily bring the tumultuous process to an end that started with the release of the preliminary RFS

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Producers Share Revolutionary Efforts at Corn Ethanol Plants

by Katie Fletcher (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Many ethanol advocates attending and speaking at the 2014 American Coalition for Ethanol conference are not strangers to the ethanol industry. Even though they have been with the industry for a while, many reject

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Defusing the Cellulosic Bomb inside the Renewable Fuel Standard

by Jim Lane (Biofuel Digest)  Thought the 2014 volume debate over the Renewable Fuel Standard was tough enough?What about the ticking bomb inside the RFS — that could completely flat-line the value of cellulosic RINs and make it near impossible

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When Refiners Cry Wolf, Who Will Be Fooled?

by Brent Erickson (Biotechnology Industry Organization/Biofuels Digest)   EPA’s proposed rule went too far in correcting a problem largely of the refiners’ own making.  It’s in the nation’s interest to put the final RFS rule back on course. Last year, it appears

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A Different Perspective on Getting Through the Ethanol Blendwall

by John Kingston (Platts: The Barrel) Anna Temple of WoodMac tried at the annual AFPM meeting to put one aspect of the ethanol issue into a highly consumable number: eight. The Houston-based downstream consultant, in one part of her presentation, said the Renewable Fuel

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RIN Stocks Part II - 'Healthy' Levels

by  Rob Johansson and Seth Meyer (FarmDocDaily/USDA) Building on the discussion of RIN pricing and stock holding (here) we explore what a 'healthy' RIN bank may look like, estimate RIN stocks for 2014. The availability of RIN stocks will interact with final mandates

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RIN Stocks Part I - Valuation

by Rob Johansson and Seth Meyer (USDA/FarmDocDaily)  ... It is clear that the bankable (and borrowable) nature of RINs allow obligated parties to optimize their compliance costs over time.  In the past, pre-blendwall, it was relatively inexpensive to generate and save surplus RINs allowed

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No Logic in Blaming Ethanol for High Gas Prices

by Bob Dinneen (Renewable Fuels Association/US News and World Report)  Ethanol is less expensive than gas, and consumers will benefit more if it's used. Logic is nowhere to be seen in petroleum analyst Gregg Laskoski’s call to reduce or revise the

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How RINs Really Work, and Why Big Oil Hates Them

by Ron Lamberty (Ethanol Producer Magazine/American Coalition for Ethanol)  The ability for independent fuel marketers to sell renewable fuels at lower prices while improving profit margins by selling RINs, has given independent fuel marketers something they have never had before:

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Will the EPA Reverse Itself on the Write Down of the Renewable Mandate for 2014? The Message from the RINs Market

by Scott Irwin (FarmDocDaily/University of Illinois)  ... The purpose of today's post is to show that the recent behavior of prices in the RINs market suggests the odds of the EPA reversing the proposed write down of the renewable mandate for

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US EPA to Finalize 2014 Renewable Fuel Standard by June 20: Official

by Herman Wang (Platts)  The US Environmental Protection Agency will finalize the 2014 Renewable Fuel Standard in about four months, a top official said Wednesday. "Our goal was to finalize [the rule] by spring," said Chris Grundler, who heads the EPA's

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Big Oil to Ethanol: Build Your Own Dang Distribution, If You Think E85 Has Blend-Wall Busting Potential

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Reform, repeal or compete: the options laid out for ethanol by Big Oil by Marathon’s Product Supply & Optimization Director in a frank keynote at the National Ethanol Conference.   The RFA’s Geoff Cooper and ISU’s

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Ethanol RIN Prices Near Four-Month High Amid 2014 Uncertainty

by Jordan Godwin (Platts) Current-year corn-based ethanol (D6) RINs were assessed at their highest level in nearly four months Monday on firming buying interest and continued uncertainty regarding the 2014 Renewable Fuel Standard, sources said. ... RIN prices skyrocketed Thursday in reaction to a

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KiOR Provides Operational Update on Columbus Facility

(MarketWatch/KiOR)  KiOR, Inc., provided today (December 23, 2013) an update on the operations at its Columbus, Mississippi, facility. KiOR expects that, given current and anticipated operations through the remainder of the year, the Columbus facility will produce approximately 410,000 gallons of

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Dinneen: RFS Not for Big Oil’s Convenience

by John Davis (DomesticFuel.com)  The case for keeping the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) as-is is being made today at an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) hearing in Arlington, Va. Our friends from the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) have shown up in

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Nightmare Scenario: Renewable Fuels’ Defenders Pull out the Stops to Persuade EPA to Continue the War on Imported Oil

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Today, the EPA has scheduled a day of testimony on its proposed 2014 Renewable Fuel volume targets — and a proposed 40 percent slash in the advanced biofuels category to 2.2 billion (ethanol equivalent) gallons,

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Ethanol Gains With Demand Rising Amid Low Inventories

by Mario Parker (Bloomberg)  Ethanol gained on speculation that rising production won’t be enough to keep up with demand and bolster stockpiles. The additive’s discount to gasoline, based on January contracts, narrowed 0.47 cent to 96.07 cents a gallon. Motor fuel consumption is

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Big Changes in California LCFS Are Called for in a New Report

by John Kingston (Platts)  The University of California-Davis has a new study out about California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard. Once you get past the standard dry academic writing, much of it is fairly startling. We care about the source of the report

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Cellulosic Ethanol, Once the Way of the Future, Is Off to a Delayed, Boisterous Start

by Steven Mufson (The Washington Post)  The “now hiring” sign is up online for Emmetsburg, Iowa, where the nation’s largest maker of ethanol used for motor fuel is putting the final touches on a manufacturing plant that will rely not

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INSIGHT-Lord of the RINs? Vitol's Ethanol Credit Bonanza

by Cezary Podkul (Reuters)  Swiss trading company Vitol SA is among the biggest beneficiaries of an opaque U.S.-government-mandated trading scheme established to help boost the share of ethanol in the nation's fuel supply, market sources say. As refiners scrambled this year

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E85 Sales Would Soar If Fuel Was Priced On Parity With E10 And Had Full Access To Flex Vehicle Market, According To CARD Economists

(The Center For Agricultural And Rural Development/Sacramento Bee)   Meeting demand is key to achieving federal renewable fuel volume mandates A new paper by Iowa State University economists Bruce A. Babcock and Sebastien Pouliot identifies a bottleneck of too few fuel stations that offer

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RIN Market Is Working Well To Enforce Biofuel Mandates, According To CARD Economists

(Center For Agricultural And Rural Development/PR NewsWire/Yahoo!Finance)  A new analysis by Iowa State University economists Bruce A. Babcock and Sebastien Pouliot of the EPA's ethanol market system finds that it works effectively and as intended in tracking compliance with the

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Biofuel Groups Seek to Intervene in Latest Legal Challenge to RFS

(Agri-Pulse)  The Renewable Fuels Association, Growth Energy and the Biotechnology Industry Organization filed Friday a motion with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia to intervene in a lawsuit filed by the oil industry in September challenging

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Journey to the Center of the Renewable Fuel Standard

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The pressure has risen to 30 atmospheres and the temperatures are rising into the hundreds of degrees.  You think: “I’m in a dream, on a journey to the center of the earth.”  But, in fact,

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U.S. Farm State Lawmakers Urge CFTC to Examine Volatile RINs Market

by Cezary Podkul (Reuters)  Thirteen U.S. lawmakers on Tuesday urged the derivatives market regulator to examine fraud and manipulation in the cash market for ethanol blending credits known as RINs, as political scrutiny of the market intensifies following an unprecedented

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Economist Examines $2 Billion Drop in Total RIN Market

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)   What’s behind the plunge in renewable identification number (RIN) prices? University of Illinois economist Scott Irwin examined the question in another of his ongoing series of FarmDocDaily posts following the dramatic shifts in RINs

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Total to Hike Texas Plant Fuel Exports Amid Costly Ethanol Credits

by Cezary Podkul  (Reuters)  ... "The increase in (RIN) price is indeed translated into an additional cost for the company (around $100 million) and as a consequence, Total plans to increase exports and jet (fuel) production" because they are not subject

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More E85 Ethanol Stations, More Supportive Studies

by John Davis (DomesticFuel.com)  It’s been a pretty good couple of weeks for E85 ethanol, as the green fuel made its way into 24 more stations across the country and got another study with supportive results. The Renewable Fuels Association (RFA)

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Ethanol Prices Plummet, Pressuring Gasoline

(Lincoln Journal Star)  A "somewhat meager rally" may be underway for spot gasoline prices, but oil market expert Tom Kloza said lower corn prices are causing "radical changes" for ethanol, and even for Renewable Identification Numbers, the currency of ethanol

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Biofuel Blending Rules Won't Raise Gas Prices | Commentary

by Brent Erickson (Roll Call/Biotechnology Industry Organization)  ... What’s really behind this year’s rapid rise in the price of RINs? And will their cost be passed to consumers at the pump? A simple exercise in following the money shows that it’s the

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Grassley Asks EPA if Ethanol Credit Market Is Being Controlled by Wall Street

by Christopher Doering   (Des Moines Register)  As controversy swells over the cost of special credits tied to ethanol, Iowa Sen. Chuck Grassley asked the agency charged with overseeing the country’s renewable policy for details on what is being done

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Chairwoman Stabenow Calls on CFTC to Review Possible Manipulation of Renewable Fuels Market

by Greg Akagi    (KansasAgNetwork)  Michigan Democratic Senator Debbie Stabenow, Chairwoman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry, today called on the Commodities Future Trading Commission to review recent allegations about possible manipulation of the markets for

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ISU study: Investment in E85 Could Be Cheaper than Purchasing Ethanol Credits

by Christopher Doering  (Des Moines Register)  A study from Iowa State University said the cost of installing tanks to handle fuel with 85 percent ethanol could be cheaper than purchasing energy credits to avoid blending the fuel mostly made from

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EIA: E85 Fuel Becoming Price-Competitive with Gasoline in US Midwest

by Conglin Xu (Oil & Gas Journal)  E85 motor fuel—gasoline blended with as much as 85% ethanol and commonly used by flexible-fuel vehicles (FFV) in the US and Europe—is becoming increasingly price-competitive with gasoline in several Midwestern states on an energy-content basis,

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Wall St. Exploits Ethanol Credits, and Prices Spike

by Gretchen Morgenson and Robert Gebeloff (The New York Times)  ...But a little known market in ethanol credits has also become a hot new game on Wall Street. ...But many people believe that is what happened this year when the price

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A Market in Desperate Need of Transparency

by Mike Lux (Huffington Post)  ...If the 2009 financial crisis taught us anything, it's that market manipulation and speculation is a recipe for disaster. Four years later, we don't seem to have learned our lesson. Wall Street has found another,

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Valero Implores Obama Administration to Waive Ethanol Mandate

by Mario Parker (Bloomberg/Fuel Fix)  Valero Energy Corp., the world’s largest independent refining company, called on the Obama administration to waive the country’s biofuel target immediately, saying the cost to reach it has skyrocketed. “We need the waiver now,” Valero Chief

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Seeking Delta: Biofuels, Algae, Natgas, CO2 and the Finding of True Value

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... “What you really are in the business of,” Aemetis CEO Eric McAfee reflects, “is capturing the arbitrage between the commodity price of your most expensive feedstock — and the price of your finished molecule plus

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Fixing Rufus: Congress, 2013 and the Renewable Fuel Standard

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...Based on our industry sources, here’s an outline for a “change the RFS” outcome – what that might look like.   We see four key elements — ethanol, drop-ins, biodiesel and the RIN system for smoothing

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Renewable Fuels Are Wave of the Future

by Bob Dinneen (Renewable Fuels Association/Pottstown Mercury) I am writing in response to Senator Pat Toomey’s Op-Ed that ran in The Mercury entitled “Federal regulations threaten Pa. refineries.” The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) is not threatening refiners across the United States because

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Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal 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microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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