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QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Gevo

Net-Zero 1 will show the world that the leading edge of the energy transition is in the heartland of America, where farmers and facility technicians come together with airline customers,

September 19, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — GoodFuels

There is no doubt that tighter legislation and more ambitious targets are urgently needed, but in order to truly decarbonise shipping regulators must ensure that new legislation is goal-oriented and

September 15, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Renewable Fuels Association

“(I)n the interest of technology neutrality and with the rapid increase in battery-electric vehicles, the land use impacts of mineral extraction for battery production should also be evaluated, along with

September 2, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Diesel Technology Forum

“Others will be inspired to consider using advanced renewable and biodiesel fuels, either in blends or fully in place of conventional diesel fuel to reduce their greenhouse gas and other

August 17, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Simon Geere

“We’ve got a bit more work to do around how we communicate what SAF is, and what the technical specification is of the SAF that we stock. It’s more than

July 26, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — David Carpintero

“Europe needs a range of solutions to decarbonize transport — including renewable ethanol — not just one technology that isn’t yet fully attainable for all segments of society. A more realistic

July 7, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Steen Møller

“The emission reduction is immediate and the solution is easy to implement as the shipowners are not forced to make any investments or changes to the vessel engines.” —  Steen

May 17, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — David Richardson

“When a vehicle is fossil-fuelled, carbon that has been stored underground for millions of years is released into the atmosphere as CO2 and is effectively extra or additional carbon. With

May 13, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK: World Energy

“SAF allows aviation to be powered by the sun’s energy, captured by organic materials, and converted into high-energy-density liquid fuels.” World Energy in an announcement of the expansion of its

April 29, 2022 Read Full Article

EARTH–a 5-letter word for EARTH MONTH.  Advanced Biofuels USA Plays Wordle for EARTH MONTH.

(Advanced Biofuels USA) Each day throughout EARTH MONTH in 2022, Advanced Biofuels USA will highlight one or more 5-letter words that you MIGHT some day see as a Wordle answer. 

March 23, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Suriya Jayanti

What the White House should—and can—do now, is institute a full-spectrum energy export embargo on Russia. … Europe will survive. … Two months is not enough time to build new

February 27, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Steve Sapsford

“For me, electrification for passenger cars is the right trajectory, that is what we should be doing in my view. What I don’t quite understand is why we’re steadfastly ignoring

February 8, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Geoff Cooper

“Let’s allow all fuels and vehicles that can reduce emissions to compete fairly, and lets reward those fuels and vehicles strictly based on the carbon reductions they achieve, not on

January 28, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Tim Walz

(W)e’re going to be driving cars with gasoline for many years to come. — Governor Tim Walz (D-MN)) to Brownfield Ag News  READ MORE

January 21, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Diesel Technology Forum

A robust renewable fuels policy that recognizes today’s value and the future potential for expanded use of renewable fuels is no less important than writing a large $7.5 billion check

January 18, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Neville Fernandes

“With this climate crisis we’re in, we need to reduce the carbon intensity of diesel as much as possible, as quickly as possible, by replacing petroleum with biofuels including biodiesel,

January 11, 2022 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Tina Casey

The Primary source of hydrogen today is natural gas, and to some extent coal, which means that a zero emission hydrogen fuel cell is not necessarily the sustainability hero that

December 23, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Neel Dhanesha

(U.S. President Joe) Biden’s plan could make buying and charging electric cars easier, but electric vehicles are only as clean as the grids that power them. Studies have shown that electric

December 16, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Monte Shaw

“It is absolutely perplexing why the Biden EPA would delay and potentially plan to undermine the only federal law that is designed to reduce carbon emissions. To do so now,

November 19, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Dave Lamp

“All of our investment money going forward is really around the renewable space. And the rest of it is just sustaining capital to maintain what we have in refining.” — 

November 9, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Stephan Meeder

“We are convinced that we need all technologies to decarbonise – or rather to defossilise – the transport sector. Renewable ethanol is available today and can contribute directly and with

October 20, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Abubakar Bagudu

“The NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation) Renewable Energy Division as part of the vision of Mr. President has been trying to diversify actively so that the bulk of NNPC revenue

October 1, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — A Group of Ag and Biofuel Organizations and Companies

The State should consider requiring that beginning as early as model year 2024, any internal combustion engine light-duty vehicle (i.e., all non-battery electric vehicles) sold in California be Flexible Fuel

September 9, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Deb Green

 “Corn fields are nature’s solar panels.  They are naturally removing C02 from the air, thus helping reduce greenhouse gasses.” Deb Green, a spokesperson for Big River Resources READ MORE

September 1, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Matt Russell and Robert Leonard

“Here’s what the future-of-fuel narrative should be: petroleum industry vs. electric vehicles and renewables, including biofuels. For obvious political reasons, Republicans want to keep ethanol tethered to the dying petroleum

August 23, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Tammy Klein

“One of the major discussions of the day concerns renewable diesel (HVO) feedstock: Will there be enough? Where will it come from? Can the industry move away from feedstocks such

August 9, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Geoff Cooper

“Even if half of new vehicles sold in 2030 are electric, four out of every five cars on the road that year will still have internal combustion engines that require

August 5, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Angie Craig

“I was disappointed not to see biofuels included in the initial bipartisan infrastructure framework, but rest assured that as conversations in Washington continue to focus on infrastructure investments and efforts

July 28, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Nebraska Corn Board and KUVR

“California leads the nation in the number of flex fuel vehicles on the road with 1.1 million in 2020. By comparison, less than 370,000 vehicles in California were battery electric

July 13, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Cindy Axne

“Over the past few months, I’ve spoken to many of my colleagues here in Congress about the immediate impact that biofuels could have in the fight to lower carbon emissions. 

June 30, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Tom Daschle

“What I do know is — for the foreseeable future, and I would say several decades yet to come — the internal combustion engine is still going to play a

June 15, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — American Express Global Business Travel

“Lower or zero carbon technologies such as hydrogen and electric flight are unlikely to impact at scale until mid-century. This leaves SAF as the only viable, in-sector, option for reducing

June 2, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Volkmar Denner

“Climate action is not about the end of the internal-combustion engine. It’s about the end of fossil fuels. And while electromobility and green charging power make road transport carbon neutral,

May 18, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Cindy Axne

In an interview with DTN, Congresswoman Cindy Axne (D-IA-03) explained that a lot of lawmakers are not aware of the advances made over time to make ethanol a cleaner-burning fuel

April 20, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Troy Bredenkamp

“They (Biden Administration) could do a lot for biofuels for a fraction of the cost of what they’re suggesting to spend on electric vehicle infrastructure. We would ask for something

April 6, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Brian Ross

“Holy moly. How on Earth are you going to get people not coming with pitchforks and tar to these siting meetings?” Brian Ross, a vice president at the St. Paul,

March 26, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Burl Haigwood

“The problem is gasoline. Therefore, policy makers need to focus on the imperfections of gasoline – not biofuels and EVs.” — Burl Haigwood writing for the Clean Fuels Development Coalition

March 18, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Stephanie Kelly

“The transition to an electric vehicle fleet is expected to be a long one, making renewable fuels a growth market for refiners and others seeking out road transport options that

March 4, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK: “Earthrise” by Amanda Gorman

A poem by Amanda Gorman explains the purpose of our work: … For it is the obscure, the oppressed, the poor,  Who when the disaster Is declared done, Still suffer

February 18, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Geoff Cooper

“Some ethanol being produced today in Iowa reduces GHG emissions by nearly 80 percent, according to analysis by California regulators. Why wouldn’t we want to combine ethanol’s environmental benefits with

January 19, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Adam Comora

“Companies operating Class 8 trucks are quickly realizing that they don’t have to wait for new, unproven technologies and infrastructure to significantly reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and save on

January 12, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Jacques Leslie

“Los Angeles is a natural focus for treaty organizers because of its unusually high concentration of oil infrastructure in an urban setting: The city is home to more than 800

January 5, 2021 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Emmanuel Desplechin

“While the focus may be on the growing importance of electric vehicles, the (EU) Commission’s strategy confirms that battery EVs will represent around 11% of the EU vehicle fleet in

December 11, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — P.J. Griekspoor

“The time is right for ethanol advocates to make sure the right message gets to the right ears. What ethanol can provide is a high-octane additive that reduces the carbon footprint

December 10, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Geoff Cooper

RFA president and CEO Geoff Cooper reminds us that President Elect Joe Biden committed on the campaign trail to put an end to the Trump Administration’s EPA small refinery waivers

November 10, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Monte Shaw

“No matter which party is in charge of the House, Senate, or White House, we have our work cut out for us.” — Iowa Renewable Fuels Association Executive Director Monte

November 2, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — K. Johnson

Rolling back auto emission standards was exactly the wrong way to go. … An alliance between environmentalists and farmers to switch to a clean auto fuel seems like a win-win

October 26, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Geoff Cooper

Calling an electric vehicle a ZEV is like calling a donkey a unicorn — it sounds nice, but it simply isn’t real. Just because there aren’t any greenhouse gas emissions coming

October 6, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Erik Hånell

“The development of ExxonMobil’s biofuel is an important step towards a broader commercial use of low-carbon fuels and we were happy to be part of the sea trial, which proved

September 11, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Steve Csonka

“SAF usage will immediately start to lower the net GHG footprint of aviation. We don’t need to wait for unique technologies to work their way into the fleet. We don’t

August 19, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Doug Sombke and Jim Seurer

“For many years now, South Dakota has led the way in proving that E30 blends can be used effectively in any vehicle. In fact, our Watertown E30 Challenge conclusively proved

August 3, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Emily Skor

“Incorporating biofuels into our nation’s fuel supply has been one of our most successful energy policies to date, benefitting both the environment and the consumer,” wrote Emily Skor in Growth

July 28, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Michael McAdams

“The forward-thinking climate plan recently released by House Democrats acknowledges the important role liquid transportation fuels will continue to play in these areas, so it is disappointing to see the

July 17, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Doug Sombke

South Dakota Farmers Union President Doug Sombke points out that Title II of the Clean Air Act requires EPA to reduce toxics in gasoline to the greatest extent possible as new

June 30, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Justin Laney

“The evidence of climate change is all around us, so it’s important we act now using available technology rather than wait for unproven solutions to appear.”  Justin Laney, Partner &

June 19, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Mark Turley

ClonBio founder and executive chairman Mark Turley in Ireland, notes that E10 can deliver the same greenhouse gas savings as 100,000 electric vehicles [EVs] relative to petrol on its own.

June 9, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Neste Corporation

“One in three Finns could stop using fossil fuels in the next few years. … Renewable fuels are an effective way to reduce road transportation emissions, and they are suitable

May 20, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Geoff Cooper

“Out of one side of their mouths they claim to want a ‘free market,’ and out the other side they lobby for special favors, subsidies and handouts for fossil fuels.”

April 30, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Bethany McLean

“It’s worth remembering that Wall Street can make money even when the businesses that they are funding don’t make money,” explained Saudi America author Bethany McLean in this Strand Book

April 20, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Mark Paul

“We know the fossil fuel industry needs to be rapidly wound down, and we know private capital has no interest in winding down their own business. Their interest is in

March 18, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Grant Shapps

“Before electric cars become the norm, we want to take advantage of reduced CO2 emissions today. This small switch to

March 4, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Douglas Durante

“I would have shown (USDA) my new magic trick where I can make 30 years disappear. It’s a simple trick.

February 26, 2020 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Dave VanderGriend

“Locally, a chain of convenience stores has installed blender pumps selling mid-level blends in addition to E10 and E85. Consumers

December 31, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Santa Barbara Metropolitan Transit District

“The carbon intensity of renewable diesel is about one-third of that of a battery-electric vehicle charging on the California grid,”

December 5, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Pete Buttigieg

“American farming should be one of the key pillars of how we combat climate change,” candidate, Mayor Pete Buttigieg said

November 21, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Charlotte Morton

“If the investment currently put into shale gas extraction was redirected to biogas production, we could make a major leap

November 13, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine

“Industry, NHTSA, EPA, and other relevant agencies should promote the use of biodiesel and renewable diesel in MHDV engines…,” advises

October 8, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Senator Chuck Grassley (R-IA)

“I’ve been hoodwinked so many times, not just by the EPA on this issue, but by other bureaucracies as well,

September 18, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — American Petroleum Institute

In a February 2018 letter to the EPA from the American Petroleum Institute: “…RIN costs are largely recovered by refineries,

September 1, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Senator Chuck Grassley (R-IA)

“EPA is screwing around with the program to the detriment of agriculture and the ethanol industry. EPA needs to stop

July 24, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Monte Shaw

(Biofuels are) “everything Democrats want to talk about in terms of engaging rural America. It’s climate, it’s jobs, it’s environment

July 5, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK: Jim Lane

“Franklin Roosevelt named four (freedoms): freedom of expression, of worship, from want, from fear. The freedom to create value without

June 25, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Dave VanderGriend

“The true hypocrisy is that some environmental groups, and to some extent the U.S. EPA, refuse to recognize emerging science

June 7, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Patricia Murphy

“You’d think that the pain that farmers have felt since Trump came into office might leave an opening for Democrats

May 14, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Steffen Mueller and Sam Rushing

“(E)thanol facilities capturing carbon deserve credit for the difference in emissions between gas cleanup and compression of fermentation CO2 versus

May 10, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Jennifer Rubin

“Democrats have been looking for the key to unlocking the rural vote. This however should be a layup for them.

May 1, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Clean Air Dialogue

Key Principles from the California Clean Air Dialogue‘s Roadmap:  A Technology Neutral Approach – The goal of mobile source incentive funding should

April 30, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Chris Frey

Researchers tested regular E10 with 10% ethanol to a mid-level blend with 27% ethanol or E27. They found that when

April 8, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Jonas Abrahamsson

“Effective, long-term policy instruments are needed to reduce the negative climate impact of aviation. Introducing a reduction quota scheme as

March 24, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK: Jessie Stolark

As someone once told me, biomass can be hard to love – there are so many questions about land use

March 1, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK: Andrea Kent

“Whether it’s a policy to eliminate it, reduce it or price it, carbon is the new currency…” explains Andrea Kent

February 26, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK–Bill McKibben

“The amount of money, time and effort they (fossil fuel industry) invested in obfuscation and denial turns out to be

February 17, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK–Mike Ackerman

Mike Ackerman, the owner of Ackerman Oil, which runs 10 gas stations in Indiana, says two of the stations sell

February 12, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK–Chris Clayton

Chris Clayton, DTN Ag Policy Editor reported that Senate Agriculture Committee Chairman Pat Roberts, R-Kan., said at the American Farm Bureau

January 15, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Rebecca (Becky) Ong

Rebecca (Becky) Ong majored in chemical engineering and tacked on a degree in plant biology. “I had no plan to

December 27, 2018 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Catherine Rampell

“Here’s the thing. Taxing carbon is exactly how you get faster innovation. That’s kinda the point,” observed Catherine Rampell in a

November 27, 2018 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Urban Air Initiative

“Emails between the EPA and the oil industry show that EPA asked oil industry employees what test fuels they would

November 13, 2018 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Cassidy Walter

As Cassidy Walter of the Iowa Renewable Fuels Association points out in a recent Gazette op-ed, “In fact, not only

October 1, 2018 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Kelly Davis

In recent Renewable Fuels Association testimony, Kelly Davis noted, “It was apparent that the previous administration disregarded comments from RFA

September 26, 2018 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Laurene Powell Jobs

Laurene Powell Jobs, quoted in a recent Washington Post article, explained “Change rarely originates at the top.  When you want

June 18, 2018 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Jenna Bloxom

Jenna Bloxom, in a recent Biofuels Digest thought piece on the need “to drastically alter the public’s understanding and attitudes about

June 8, 2018 Read Full Article

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products corn/maize corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crimes Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cuphea cup plant currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D5 (5%DME) D20 (20%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Delaware DeltaWing demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose diatoms diesel diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel diesel with renewables diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct-to-fuel direct air capture directed evolution direct injection Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought-resistant drought tolerant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E5 price E6 E7 E8 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E40 E50 E55 E75 E78 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 E100 E100 conversion kit earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED95 educatio education educational business private educational tour Education Series 3030 EERE efficiency Egypt Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electricity price electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants El Salvador embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 228 EN 590 EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) end user Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine/Fuel Co-optimization Engine Development engineering engine problems England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment Environmentalists environmental justice environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling enzymes Enzyme solicitation EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) ethane ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G ethanol benefits ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol blend wall ethanol emissions ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethylbenzene ethylene ethyl levulinate (EL) ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order externalities extremophiles f F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farmers farming farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices Feedstocks feedstock storage feedstock transportation fermentation ferry fertilizer F Factor fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch/FT Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose flameleaf sumac flavors flax Fleets fleet turnover fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) Flightpath flight tests flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources forestry Forest Service fossil carbon fossil fuel fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) free fatty acids (FFA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon Gambia gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline-range hydrocarbons gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gas prices gas tax/highway user fee General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grains grain sorghum/milo grain speculators GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green/black economy green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP h Haiti Halophytes harvesting harvest site processing Hawai'i hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ health health benefits health effects heat-tolerance heating oil/fuel heat of combustion heat of vaporization Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Honge tree nuts Hong Kong hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrids Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrocarbon fuels hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen hydrogen aircraft hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogenolysis hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps hydrogen terminal hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indiana Indian beech tree Indian grass indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine internal combustion engine/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kamani Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactose Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquidation liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M3 M15 M50 M100 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandate mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts mass balance standard Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methan methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks methanization methanol Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol fuel cells methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gasoline natural gas prices natural gas vehicles Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) offtake agreements Ohio oil oil/gas terminals oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot scale pine pineapple pine beetle pine nut pinion pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R33 rabbits race radiata pine Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rainforest rain tree RAND rare earth metal RD10 RD20 RD30 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 RD100 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/RED III) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment R Factor RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island Ricardo rice rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rotation crops royalties RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass s saccharification SAF30 SAF40 Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower SAF pipeline sago pond weed SAIC SAK Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar sal tree salt water Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed-to-wheel seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solaris solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soybean prices soybeans soy meal Spain spartina specifications sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel Sugar Beets/Energy Beets sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugars sugars-to-fats sugar standards sulfur Sumatra sunflower sunflower stalks supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweetgum sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas syngas/gas fermentation synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung Tamarix tank-to-wheel tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy travel policy Treasury Department trees Trinidad and Tobago triticale truck trucks tubers tugboats tung tunicate Tunisia Turkey UCOME (Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester) Uganda UK (United Kingdom) UK Emission Trade Scheme (UK ETS) Ukraine UL (Underwriters Laboratory) ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) Ultra Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (ULSFO) underground storage tanks (UST) UNESCO United Arab Emirates (UAE) United Nations' International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) United Nations (UN) United States Auto Club Unleaded 88/E15 uranium urbanization urban sprawl Uruguay USAC US Agency for International Development (USAID) USAID US Army USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) used cooking oil (UCO) used motor oil used railroad ties US ethanol exports US Geological Survey US Product Safety Commission Utah utility model Uzbekistan value chain vanadium Vancouver Vanuatu Vatican VEETC vegetable oils vehicles miles traveled (VMT) Velocys Venezuela Vermont Victoria video Vietnam vinasse vinegar vineyard waste Virginia Virgin Islands. virgin oils viruses VLSFO (very low sulfur fuel oil) volatile fatty acids (VFA) volunteers w waiver Wales warranty Washington Washington DC waste waste-to-chemicals Waste-to-Energy waste-to-fuel waste alcohol Waste CO2 waste heat waste management waste oil waste paper waste vegetable oil wastewater water water consumption water footprint water hyacinth watermeal watermelon water pollution water quality water treatment wax weather well-to-wheel West Africa Western Australia West Java West Virginia wet distillers grain wet extraction What You Can Do wheat wheat bran wheat fiber wheatgrass wheat prices wheat straw whey whisky white grease White House wildlife habitat willow wind energy wine wastage/grape marc winter crops Wisconsin women Wood woody biomass World Bank World Trade Organization (WTO) Wyoming XTL xylan xylene xylose yard waste yeast yellow grease yellowhorn tree Yemen yields Yukon Zambia Zanzibar zein zeolites Zimbabwe zinc zoning

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