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Production of Biodiesel and Water Conservation through Conversion of Free Fatty Acids from a Domestic Wastewater Drain

by Ehsan Mustafa Hashmi, et al. (Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects) Wastewater discharge from restaurants, hotels, household kitchens, confectionaries, meat, fruits, and vegetable processing units contain

December 29, 2022 Read Full Article

British Airways Offers Customers the Option of Carbon Removals to Address Their Travel Footprint

by Christopher Surgenor (GreenAir Online)  Following the recent launch of British Airways’ CO2llaborate online platform that enables customers to address the carbon footprint of their flights through the purchase of

December 26, 2022 Read Full Article

One-Step Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO Promoted Activated Carbon Catalyst from Prunus persica Seeds

by Ayesha Hameed,Salman Raza Naqvi, Umair Sikandar and Wei-Hsin Chen (MDPI Special Issue Catalysts for Biofuel and Bioenergy Production) In recent years, the scope for replacing fossil fuels has been

September 7, 2022 Read Full Article

Biofuel Blending to Slash Petrol Price, Emissions

by Munawar Hasan (The News International) Pakistan should focus on introducing use of biofuel in the domestic market in financial year 2022-23 to save nearly a billion dollars coupled with slashing

June 8, 2022 Read Full Article

Pacific International Lines Trials Marine Biofuel

(Pacific International Lines/Biobased Diesel Daily) As part of ongoing efforts to achieve its decarbonization objectives, Pacific International Lines shared that it is conducting a trial use of marine biofuel on its

April 12, 2022 Read Full Article

Bio-Crude Production from Protein-Extracted Grass Residue through Hydrothermal Liquefaction

by Saqib Sohail Toor, Ayaz Ali Shah, Kamaldeep Sharma, Tahir Hussain Seehar, Thomas Helmer Pedersen and Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl (Energies) In the present study, the protein-extracted grass residue (press cake)

January 11, 2022 Read Full Article

Commodities 2021: Fuel Ethanol’s Fortunes in 2021 Hinge on Policy Edicts in Philippines, China

by Donavan Lim (S&P Global Platts) Philippines’ local buying requirements seen falling in Q1; China’s imports from US could resume if tensions ease; Higher Grade B prices likely for Ulsan buyers in 2021

December 29, 2020 Read Full Article

Asia’s RCEP Trade Deal to Remove Biofuel Tariffs

by Amandeep Parmar (Argus Media) A new free-trade agreement (FTA) between 15 Asia-Pacific countries will phase out tariffs on a host of biofuels and feedstocks, although existing trade flows may limit

November 17, 2020 Read Full Article

Nova Pangaea Partners with Pakistan’s JS Group to Licence Biofuel Technology

(Biofuels International)  Teeside, UK-based Nova Pangaea Technologies (NPT) has signed a partnership contract with Pakistan’s JS Group to licence NPT’s technology, which converts waste plant biomass into natural platform chemicals

March 12, 2020 Read Full Article

Promotion of Ethanol to Have Positive Impacts on Energy Security

(The International News) The Embassy of Brazil in Islamabad organised a seminar ‘Sustainable Mobility: Ethanol Talks – Pakistan’, to promote ethanol as a modern and sustainable option for mobility, capable of

March 11, 2020 Read Full Article

Biodiesel from Food Waste and Used Cooking Oil

by Akhtar Ali (The Express Tribune)  …  There are six possible raw material routes for making biodiesel. These are vegetable sources – palm oil, rapeseed, sunflower, cottonseed, canola, jojoba, jatropha and

January 27, 2020 Read Full Article

China’s Resumption of US Ethanol Imports by No Means Likely Despite Phase One Deal

by Donavan Lim (S&P Global Platts) US exports to China unviable even if tariffs return to pre-tension levels; Philippines’ fuel ethanol imports to fall further; South Korea’s imports from Pakistan to dry up

January 6, 2020 Read Full Article

Bid to Supply Huge Quantity of Hazardous Oil Foiled

(Business Recorder) The Punjab Food Authority (PFA) has caught four vehicles fully loaded with 24,580 liters of dirty oil which was being carried from different areas of Punjab to Lahore for

January 3, 2020 Read Full Article

Towards a Biofuel Policy for Energy Security

by Syed Akhtar Ali  (The Express Tribune)  … Biofuels have been a preferred fuel for a variety of reasons. These include energy security as most of the petroleum-importing countries have

December 30, 2019 Read Full Article

Pakistan’s Competition Commission Calls for Alternatives to Wheat Straw for Power Due to Scarcity

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In Pakistan, the Tribune newspaper reports that the national competition commission has ordered an end to the use of wheat straw as feedstock for power generation

December 28, 2019 Read Full Article

Biofuels Can Help Reduce Current Account Deficit

by Syed Akhtar Ali (The Express Tribune)  Pakistan’s current account deficit has created many problems for the economy. Major imports are of the oil sector. There is a misplaced notion that

July 11, 2019 Read Full Article

Audio: Grain, Ethanol Market Development Work To Surge With USDA ATP Funds

(U.S. Grains Council)  New funding to the U.S. Grains Council (USGC) from the Agricultural Trade Promotion (ATP) Program – part of a larger “trade aid” package offered by the U.S. Department

February 11, 2019 Read Full Article

Pakistan: Green Climate Fund Will help Karachi Deploy 200 Biogas Buses

(NGV Journal)  With funding from the international Green Climate Fund, the Pakistani port city of Karachi will launch a zero-emission Green Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) network, with 200 buses fueled by

January 7, 2019 Read Full Article

Govt Links Ethanol Export to In-House Use of Molasses

(The News)  The Economic Coordination Committee (ECC) of cabinet on Monday bound ethanol manufacturers to directly purchase its raw material from sugar mills or use the in-house by-product for the biofuel

December 18, 2018 Read Full Article

Pakistan and Turkey Collaborate on Bioethanol Research

(Biofuels International) Reported by Pakistani news outlet Daily Times, the Government College University (GCU) in Lahore has signed a joint research project with the Bartin University in Turkey, researching a cost-effective production

October 26, 2018 Read Full Article

Ethanol – A Solution to Pakistan’s Power Woes

By Umer Khayyam and Tehzeeb Bano (The Express Tribune)  … Carbon dioxide/greenhouse gas emissions, generated from the burning of fossil fuels, are increasing in Third World societies like Pakistan. … To

October 15, 2018 Read Full Article

Emerging Markets for Ethanol Discussed at USGC Meeting in Denver

(U.S. Grains Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  In a global trade environment challenged by tariffs and tensions, emerging markets for grains and ethanol provided a bright spot for U.S. farmers, agribusinesses and industry

August 8, 2018 Read Full Article

Diesel Tree: Fuel for the Alternative Energy Sector

by Glenneis Kriel (Farmer’s Weekly)  Christo Smit, a former researcher at the Agricultural Research Council, is working on developing a sustainable biofuel industry from the diesel tree.  —  The South African government

July 16, 2018 Read Full Article

Ethanol Summit of The Asia Pacific Showcases Global Ethanol Opportunities

(GrainNet)  Industry and government officials from 17 countries in Asia and Oceania are meeting with members of the U.S. ethanol industry and U.S. officials in Minneapolis this week at the Ethanol

May 22, 2018 Read Full Article

Council Assesses Ethanol Market Potential In UAE, Pakistan

(U.S. Grains Council)  The U.S. Grains Council (USGC) recently undertook a market assessment mission to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Pakistan to analyze the ethanol demand potential in both countries

February 17, 2018 Read Full Article

China’s November Ethanol Imports Show October’s Jump May Have Been a Blip

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In China, the little ethanol it is importing is coming almost entirely from Pakistan as shown in November when 6,449 cubic meters of the 6,466 cu

December 28, 2017 Read Full Article

Pushing DDGS

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  With record ethanol production comes record distillers grains supplies. Combine those big supplies with big declines in exports to two major international buyers, and

April 28, 2017 Read Full Article

Ashraf Visits PSO’s Biodiesel Project

(The News) Pakistan State Oil (PSO) has taken an initiative towards alternative fuels by launching a pilot project for production of bio-diesel. For this purpose, the PSO has developed Jatropha

December 20, 2016 Read Full Article

Pakistan-Based Trade Organisation Calls for Worldwide Ban on Biofuels Production

(Biofuels International)  The Islamabad Chamber of Small Traders (ICST) has called for a worldwide ban on biofuels production, claiming that it contributes to world food shortages. Using crops to produce

September 29, 2016 Read Full Article

Chinese Ethanol Almost Competitive Enough to Export

by Xiaojuan Gao (Platts)  The export arbitrage for China ethanol has narrowed to the point where transactions could be occurring very soon, market participants said Friday, citing a combination of factors

September 12, 2016 Read Full Article

Report Provides Update of India’s Ethanol Industry

by Ann Bailey (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  A decline in Indian sugarcane acres during the past two growing seasons is expected to result in a decline in the country’s ethanol production

July 3, 2016 Read Full Article

VIASPACE CTO Presents Giant King® Grass At Bioenergy Feedstocks Conference In Miami

(Viaspace/PR Newswire)  VIASPACE CTO, Dr. Carl Kukkonen, made an invited presentation on Giant King Grass at the Advanced Bioeconomy Leadership Conference – Feedstocks held in Miami, Florida June 6-8, 2016.

June 13, 2016 Read Full Article

USTR Releases Special 301 Report on Protection of American Intellectual Property Rights Across the World

(Office of the United States Trade Representative)  Obama Administration unveils list of the world’s most significant challenges facing American intellectual property rights alongside bipartisan members of Congress and business community

April 27, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

Biofuel Use in International Markets: The Importance of Trade

by Jayson Beckman (US Department of Agriculture)  Global biofuel production rose tremendously over 2001-13, led largely by rapid growth in the United States and the European Union (EU). Brazil, the second

September 3, 2015 Read Full Article

Europe Importing More Palm Oil for Biofuels, Raising Risks for Rainforests

by Rhett Butler (Mongabay.com)  Palm oil imports into Europe for use as car fuel increased by more than three-fold since 2006, raising concerns than renewable fuels targets may be contributing to

October 2, 2013 Read Full Article

Annual EU Report Projects Increased Ethanol Production

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The European Union recently published its annual biofuels report for 2013 with the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service’s Global Agriculture Information Network, reporting that approximately 20

August 26, 2013 Read Full Article

Biofuels and the IMF: Can Three Producer Nations Save the Global Economy?

by Joelle Dent (Biofuels Digest Asia)  …The new boss, acting in the in the person of Brazil, has already wrought what most would consider a miracle by bringing India and

April 25, 2012 Read Full Article

The 10 Top Unanswered Biofuels Questions for 2011

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  …Your calls and emails are always the highlight of our days. Most questions can be answered johnny-on-the-spot. Some are still out there and well worth

December 14, 2011 Read Full Article

Biofuel an Energy Resource Idea for Pakistan in Recent Energy Calamity

by Naseem Sheikh (Business Recorder)  …A research Study conducted by the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, suggests that the country’s energy demand is expected to increase three fold by 2050, but

November 28, 2011 Read Full Article

Brazil Expresses Interest in Enhancing Fuel Ethanol Productivity

(Pakistan Today)  Great potential for cooperation between two countries in ethanol production, renewable energy, hybrid seed, off-season vegetables and bio fuel World’s leader in ethanol fuel, Brazil has shown interest

October 12, 2011 Read Full Article

It’s All about Sugar as Prices Surge and Supply Fears Grow

by Joelle Brink (Biofuels Digest Asia)  …We imagine “food vs fuel” in terms of grain shortages, but where food and fuel actually collide is on the global sugar markets. “While

September 8, 2011 Read Full Article

Salt-Loving Plants in Pakistan `Potential Biofuel Sources`

(Environmental-Expert.com)  Perennial grasses that thrive in saline areas can not only help reclaim vast stretches of unproductive land but can also produce biofuels without compromising food production, according to a

June 8, 2011 Read Full Article

Europe May Introduce Land Use Sustainabilty Criteria

by Joelle Brink (Biofuels Digest Asia)  This was one of the best weeks yet in the Asian biofuels industry. China decided to promote 2G biofuels production and reduce its CO2

May 5, 2011 Read Full Article

Brazil to Aid Pakistan in Ethanol Efforts

(Pakistan Today)  Brazil and Pakistan produce huge amount of sugarcane and Brazil will soon establish its industry to help Pakistan in ethanol extraction or production from sugarcane which would bring

April 29, 2011 Read Full Article

Ethanol and Bio-Diesel Could Help in Achieving Import Substitution: Neelam

(Online International News Network)  Pakistan Provincial Minister for Population Welfare Punjab Neelam Jabbar Ch. has said that the government is paying full attention to develop the alternative fuels such as

May 21, 2010 Read Full Article

Nanobiotechnology for the Production of Biofuels from Spent Tea

Bioenergy is the only alternative and cheap source of energy which can be made easily available to the world. The present experiment included three steps for the conversion of spent

March 17, 2010 Read Full Article

Pakistani State Oil Launches Ethanol Blended Fuel in Karachi

(The International News)  The Pakistan State Oil (PSO) launched ethanol blended fuel called ‘E10 gasoline’ here on Saturday which would be cheaper by Rs2.40 per litre compared to petrol.   … 

August 17, 2009 Read Full Article

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general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grains grain sorghum/milo grain speculators GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green/black economy green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP h Haiti Halophytes harvesting harvest site processing Hawai'i hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ health health benefits health effects heat-tolerance heating oil/fuel heat of combustion heat of vaporization Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Honge tree nuts Hong Kong hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrids Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrocarbon fuels hydrodeoxygenation hydrofaction Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen hydrogen aircraft hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen carrier hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogenolysis hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps hydrogen terminal hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indiana Indian beech tree Indian grass indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesi Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine internal combustion engine/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kamani Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactose Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars Lipid liquefaction liquid liquidation liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M3 M15 M50 M100 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandate mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts mass balance standard Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methan methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks methanization methanol Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol fuel cells methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gasoline natural gas prices natural gas vehicles Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New 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Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New 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pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R33 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rainforest 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(REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment R Factor RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island Ricardo rice rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced 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(SEC) seed-to-wheel seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solaris solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) 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