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European Commission Adopts Safeguard Measures on Ethanol from Pakistan

(Bioenergy International) Following extensive discussions over a long period and repeated demands from industry stakeholders including the European Renewable Ethanol Association (ePURE, and the European Industrial & Beverage Ethanol Association (iEthanol), and EU Member States, the European Commission has triggered the

June 23, 2025 Read Full Article

Axens Tapped for 3 New Vegan® Licenses for SAF and Renewable Diesel Production

(Hydrocarbon Processing) Leading energy players Galp, a major Portuguese multinational energy corporation, LOKEN, a Malaysian energy player developing one of the first renewable complex in South-East Asia, as well as SAFCO Venture Holdings Limited (SAFCO Ventures), have selected Axens’ Vegan® offering.

January 09, 2025 Read Full Article

Comstock Fuels Executes License Agreement with Gresham's Eastern, LTD

(Comstock Fuels) Bringing Renewable Fuel Production to Pakistan with Sustainable Biomass Refining Solutions --  Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) (“Comstock” and the “Company”) today announced the execution of a binding agreement between Comstock Fuels Corporation (“Comstock Fuels”) and Gresham’s Eastern (Pvt) Ltd (“Gresham’s”),

January 06, 2025 Read Full Article

Comstock Fuels Executes License Agreement with Gresham's Eastern Ltd

(Comstock) Bringing Renewable Fuel Production to Pakistan with Sustainable Biomass Refining Solutions -- Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) ("Comstock” and the "Company”) today announced the execution of a binding agreement between Comstock Fuels Corporation ("Comstock Fuels”) and Gresham's Eastern (Pvt) Ltd ("Gresham's”), a

January 02, 2025 Read Full Article

Unity Foods Moves towards Exporting Sustainable Biofuel Feedstock

(Profit/Pakistan Today) Company achieves International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC-EU) -- Unity Foods Limited announced its advanced progress in securing long-term contracts to export sustainable and traceable biofuel feedstock to global biofuel producers, including those focused on Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). The

December 13, 2024 Read Full Article

Feature: European, Brazilian Ethanol Industry Participants Evaluate Impact of EU/MERCOSUR Trade Deal

by Harry Clyne, Vinicius Damazio, Suzanna Hayek, and Phillip Herring ((S&P Global) Free trade deal agreed, still to be ratified; Mid to long-term impact on European dynamics expected; Brazil to fulfil majority of duty-free ethanol quota -- The European Union and

December 09, 2024 Read Full Article

ADB, SAFCO Venture Holdings Sign $86.2 Million Deal to Boost Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production in Pakistan

(Asian Development Bank)   The Asian Development Bank (ADB) and SAFCO Venture Holdings Limited (SAFCO) have signed a landmark $86.2 million financial package to finance the construction and operation of a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) facility in Sheikhupura, Pakistan, the first private

December 05, 2024 Read Full Article

Corporate Window: Looking towards Ethanol

by Abdul Waheed Bhutto (Dawn) Liquid biofuels derived from renewable sources such as edible and non-edible oils and animal fats provide an eco-friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-based fuels. These biofuels can be easily blended with diesel and gasoline (petrol) for use in existing engines,

August 05, 2024 Read Full Article

Government Exploring Ethanol-Blended Petrol

(International The News) The government is contemplating blending ethanol into petrol, with the prime minister forming a committee to look into prospects in this regard. The committee will be headed by the minister of petroleum with the minister of finance, minister

July 05, 2024 Read Full Article

Carbon Markets Proliferate Worldwide — Report

by Anne C. Mulkern (Politico Pro Climatewire) Three dozen emissions trading systems are now operating worldwide, raising $74 billion in revenue last year. -- Washington state's carbon market was one of five new or heavily revised systems to launch in 2023, adding

April 17, 2024 Read Full Article

New Global Climate Restoration Fund Announces First Grant Cycle: Applications Open to Fund Environmental Impact Studies and Stakeholder Outreach DEADLINE June 1, 2024

(Climate Intervention Environmental Impact Fund)  The Climate Intervention Environmental Impact Fund (CIEIF; https://cieif.org/) is pleased to announce its first round of three $50,000 grants towards environmental impact analysis for climate restoration projects. The inaugural grantees are:  Arctic Reflections, bv – a Dutch start-up aimed

February 06, 2024 Read Full Article

Interview: Brazil's Raízen Sees Ethanol Producers Unable to Meet Demand

by Thomas Washington and Harry Clyne (S&P Global)  New processing plants take 6-18 months to complete; Ethanol from sugarcane leaves is RED II-compliant  --  Cellulosic ethanol supply is hampered by a shortage of plants to process EU-compliant biofuel from sugarcane leaves but several

November 03, 2023 Read Full Article

EU to Carry out Surveillance on Fuel Ethanol Imports amid Steep Increases Since 2021

by  Harry Clyne and Phillip Herring (S&P Global) EC to retroactively monitor import statistics, trends; Initiative to protect EU producers from rapid increase in imports; EU ethanol imports for H1 2023 keep pace on the year: S&P Global The European Commission will introduce retroactive

September 18, 2023 Read Full Article

India’s Pioneering Role in Promoting Biofuels in South Asia

by Shishir Joshipura (Times of India) ... India has taken significant strides in promoting biofuels, not only within its borders but also across South Asia. As a regional leader, India is playing a pivotal role in encouraging the adoption and

June 07, 2023 Read Full Article

SCO Countries Agree to Closely Work Together on Emerging Fuels

by Subhayan Chakraborty  (Business Standard) Move will see China, Russia, others collaborate with India on emerging fuel tech, energy modelling, and transition goals -- In India, while the list of alternative fuel resources includes agriculture and forest residue, municipal solid waste,

March 20, 2023 Read Full Article

Production of Biodiesel and Water Conservation through Conversion of Free Fatty Acids from a Domestic Wastewater Drain

by Ehsan Mustafa Hashmi, et al. (Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects) Wastewater discharge from restaurants, hotels, household kitchens, confectionaries, meat, fruits, and vegetable processing units contain free fatty acids (FFAs) from fats, oils, and greases (FOG).

December 29, 2022 Read Full Article

British Airways Offers Customers the Option of Carbon Removals to Address Their Travel Footprint

by Christopher Surgenor (GreenAir Online)  Following the recent launch of British Airways’ CO2llaborate online platform that enables customers to address the carbon footprint of their flights through the purchase of carbon offsets and/or sustainable aviation fuel, a new third option

December 26, 2022 Read Full Article

One-Step Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO Promoted Activated Carbon Catalyst from Prunus persica Seeds

by Ayesha Hameed,Salman Raza Naqvi, Umair Sikandar and Wei-Hsin Chen (MDPI Special Issue Catalysts for Biofuel and Bioenergy Production) In recent years, the scope for replacing fossil fuels has been appealing to the world, owing to limited conventional fuels, crude

September 07, 2022 Read Full Article

Biofuel Blending to Slash Petrol Price, Emissions

by Munawar Hasan (The News International) Pakistan should focus on introducing use of biofuel in the domestic market in financial year 2022-23 to save nearly a billion dollars coupled with slashing petrol price by 10 to 20 percent. Despite immense potential, the

June 08, 2022 Read Full Article

Pacific International Lines Trials Marine Biofuel

(Pacific International Lines/Biobased Diesel Daily) As part of ongoing efforts to achieve its decarbonization objectives, Pacific International Lines shared that it is conducting a trial use of marine biofuel on its container vessel Kota Megah when it called at the port

April 12, 2022 Read Full Article

Bio-Crude Production from Protein-Extracted Grass Residue through Hydrothermal Liquefaction

by Saqib Sohail Toor, Ayaz Ali Shah, Kamaldeep Sharma, Tahir Hussain Seehar, Thomas Helmer Pedersen and Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl (Energies) In the present study, the protein-extracted grass residue (press cake) was processed through hydrothermal liquefaction under sub and supercritical temperatures

January 11, 2022 Read Full Article

Commodities 2021: Fuel Ethanol's Fortunes in 2021 Hinge on Policy Edicts in Philippines, China

by Donavan Lim (S&P Global Platts) Philippines' local buying requirements seen falling in Q1; China's imports from US could resume if tensions ease; Higher Grade B prices likely for Ulsan buyers in 2021 --  A rise in fuel ethanol imports could be on

December 29, 2020 Read Full Article

Asia’s RCEP Trade Deal to Remove Biofuel Tariffs

by Amandeep Parmar (Argus Media) A new free-trade agreement (FTA) between 15 Asia-Pacific countries will phase out tariffs on a host of biofuels and feedstocks, although existing trade flows may limit the immediate market impact. The Regional Economic Comprehensive Partnership (RCEP) was

November 17, 2020 Read Full Article

Nova Pangaea Partners with Pakistan’s JS Group to Licence Biofuel Technology

(Biofuels International)  Teeside, UK-based Nova Pangaea Technologies (NPT) has signed a partnership contract with Pakistan’s JS Group to licence NPT’s technology, which converts waste plant biomass into natural platform chemicals and biofuels. The deal includes a licence for the use of

March 12, 2020 Read Full Article

Promotion of Ethanol to Have Positive Impacts on Energy Security

(The International News) The Embassy of Brazil in Islamabad organised a seminar ‘Sustainable Mobility: Ethanol Talks – Pakistan’, to promote ethanol as a modern and sustainable option for mobility, capable of generating immediate positive impacts on energy security, health, reduction of

March 11, 2020 Read Full Article

Biodiesel from Food Waste and Used Cooking Oil

by Akhtar Ali (The Express Tribune)  ...  There are six possible raw material routes for making biodiesel. These are vegetable sources – palm oil, rapeseed, sunflower, cottonseed, canola, jojoba, jatropha and others; waste vegetable oil or used cooking oil as it

January 27, 2020 Read Full Article

China's Resumption of US Ethanol Imports by No Means Likely Despite Phase One Deal

by Donavan Lim (S&P Global Platts) US exports to China unviable even if tariffs return to pre-tension levels; Philippines' fuel ethanol imports to fall further; South Korea's imports from Pakistan to dry up in Q1  --  An easing of trade tensions between the

January 06, 2020 Read Full Article

Bid to Supply Huge Quantity of Hazardous Oil Foiled

(Business Recorder) The Punjab Food Authority (PFA) has caught four vehicles fully loaded with 24,580 liters of dirty oil which was being carried from different areas of Punjab to Lahore for selling. The authority foiled an attempt to supply germs-infested oil to

January 03, 2020 Read Full Article

Towards a Biofuel Policy for Energy Security

by Syed Akhtar Ali  (The Express Tribune)  ... Biofuels have been a preferred fuel for a variety of reasons. These include energy security as most of the petroleum-importing countries have a large agricultural base producing ethanol; price stability which is a

December 30, 2019 Read Full Article

Pakistan’s Competition Commission Calls for Alternatives to Wheat Straw for Power Due to Scarcity

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In Pakistan, the Tribune newspaper reports that the national competition commission has ordered an end to the use of wheat straw as feedstock for power generation because the demand for use in biofuel has led to

December 28, 2019 Read Full Article

Biofuels Can Help Reduce Current Account Deficit

by Syed Akhtar Ali (The Express Tribune)  Pakistan’s current account deficit has created many problems for the economy. Major imports are of the oil sector. There is a misplaced notion that nothing can be done for reducing these imports. Biofuels based on

July 11, 2019 Read Full Article

Audio: Grain, Ethanol Market Development Work To Surge With USDA ATP Funds

(U.S. Grains Council)  New funding to the U.S. Grains Council (USGC) from the Agricultural Trade Promotion (ATP) Program – part of a larger “trade aid” package offered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in the wake of new tariffs and global

February 11, 2019 Read Full Article

Pakistan: Green Climate Fund Will help Karachi Deploy 200 Biogas Buses

(NGV Journal)  With funding from the international Green Climate Fund, the Pakistani port city of Karachi will launch a zero-emission Green Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) network, with 200 buses fueled by biomethane. The new bus system – due to start operating

January 07, 2019 Read Full Article

Govt Links Ethanol Export to In-House Use of Molasses

(The News)  The Economic Coordination Committee (ECC) of cabinet on Monday bound ethanol manufacturers to directly purchase its raw material from sugar mills or use the in-house by-product for the biofuel production. The decision was taken during a Economic Coordination Committee (ECC)

December 18, 2018 Read Full Article

Pakistan and Turkey Collaborate on Bioethanol Research

(Biofuels International) Reported by Pakistani news outlet Daily Times, the Government College University (GCU) in Lahore has signed a joint research project with the Bartin University in Turkey, researching a cost-effective production of bioethanol. According to the report, Bartin University’s Dr. Ahmet Karada

October 26, 2018 Read Full Article

Ethanol – A Solution to Pakistan’s Power Woes

By Umer Khayyam and Tehzeeb Bano (The Express Tribune)  ... Carbon dioxide/greenhouse gas emissions, generated from the burning of fossil fuels, are increasing in Third World societies like Pakistan. ... To negate the negative atmospheric results of non-renewable energy sources, global and regional

October 15, 2018 Read Full Article

Emerging Markets for Ethanol Discussed at USGC Meeting in Denver

(U.S. Grains Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  In a global trade environment challenged by tariffs and tensions, emerging markets for grains and ethanol provided a bright spot for U.S. farmers, agribusinesses and industry officials at the U.S. Grains Council’s 58th Annual Board of

August 08, 2018 Read Full Article

Diesel Tree: Fuel for the Alternative Energy Sector

by Glenneis Kriel (Farmer's Weekly)  Christo Smit, a former researcher at the Agricultural Research Council, is working on developing a sustainable biofuel industry from the diesel tree.  --  The South African government lost interest in biofuels when oil prices fell from about

July 16, 2018 Read Full Article

Ethanol Summit of The Asia Pacific Showcases Global Ethanol Opportunities

(GrainNet)  Industry and government officials from 17 countries in Asia and Oceania are meeting with members of the U.S. ethanol industry and U.S. officials in Minneapolis this week at the Ethanol Summit of the Asia Pacific (Summit), focused on current and

May 22, 2018 Read Full Article

Council Assesses Ethanol Market Potential In UAE, Pakistan

(U.S. Grains Council)  The U.S. Grains Council (USGC) recently undertook a market assessment mission to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Pakistan to analyze the ethanol demand potential in both countries and engage with policymakers and industrial officials.  This in-country assessment followed

February 17, 2018 Read Full Article

China’s November Ethanol Imports Show October’s Jump May Have Been a Blip

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In China, the little ethanol it is importing is coming almost entirely from Pakistan as shown in November when 6,449 cubic meters of the 6,466 cu m total imports that month came from China’s southern neighbor.

December 28, 2017 Read Full Article

Pushing DDGS

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  With record ethanol production comes record distillers grains supplies. Combine those big supplies with big declines in exports to two major international buyers, and you have a formula for low prices. Indeed, in mid-March,

April 28, 2017 Read Full Article

Ashraf Visits PSO’s Biodiesel Project

(The News) Pakistan State Oil (PSO) has taken an initiative towards alternative fuels by launching a pilot project for production of bio-diesel. For this purpose, the PSO has developed Jatropha Model Farm at Marshalling Yard, Pipri, Karachi. Federal Minister for Water

December 20, 2016 Read Full Article

New Sweetpotatoes-Food, Feed,& Fuel

(StartUp Compete)  Even though sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) has been rated as a very healthy alternative to potato, there are very few convenience foods available from the vegetable type of sweetpotato compared to potato. Despite being the 7th largest world crop,

September 30, 2016 Read Full Article

Pakistan-Based Trade Organisation Calls for Worldwide Ban on Biofuels Production

(Biofuels International)  The Islamabad Chamber of Small Traders (ICST) has called for a worldwide ban on biofuels production, claiming that it contributes to world food shortages. Using crops to produce fuel in a bid to reduce dependence on fossil fuel is

September 29, 2016 Read Full Article

Chinese Ethanol Almost Competitive Enough to Export

by Xiaojuan Gao (Platts)  The export arbitrage for China ethanol has narrowed to the point where transactions could be occurring very soon, market participants said Friday, citing a combination of factors including increasing international ethanol market prices and government support policies

September 12, 2016 Read Full Article

Report Provides Update of India’s Ethanol Industry

by Ann Bailey (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  A decline in Indian sugarcane acres during the past two growing seasons is expected to result in a decline in the country’s ethanol production in 2017, a report filed with the USDA Foreign Agricultural

July 03, 2016 Read Full Article

VIASPACE CTO Presents Giant King® Grass At Bioenergy Feedstocks Conference In Miami

(Viaspace/PR Newswire)  VIASPACE CTO, Dr. Carl Kukkonen, made an invited presentation on Giant King Grass at the Advanced Bioeconomy Leadership Conference – Feedstocks held in Miami, Florida June 6-8, 2016. The Conference, organized by Biofuels Digest (http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/), focused on the most

June 13, 2016 Read Full Article

USTR Releases Special 301 Report on Protection of American Intellectual Property Rights Across the World

(Office of the United States Trade Representative)  Obama Administration unveils list of the world’s most significant challenges facing American intellectual property rights alongside bipartisan members of Congress and business community leaders  --  On the heels of World Intellectual Property Day,

April 27, 2016 Read Full Article

Biofuel Use in International Markets: The Importance of Trade

by Jayson Beckman (US Department of Agriculture)  Global biofuel production rose tremendously over 2001-13, led largely by rapid growth in the United States and the European Union (EU). Brazil, the second largest biofuel producer, doubled its production in that span. A

September 03, 2015 Read Full Article

Europe Importing More Palm Oil for Biofuels, Raising Risks for Rainforests

by Rhett Butler (Mongabay.com)  Palm oil imports into Europe for use as car fuel increased by more than three-fold since 2006, raising concerns than renewable fuels targets may be contributing to deforestation, displacing marginalized communities, and driving greenhouse gas emissions in

October 02, 2013 Read Full Article

Annual EU Report Projects Increased Ethanol Production

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The European Union recently published its annual biofuels report for 2013 with the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service’s Global Agriculture Information Network, reporting that approximately 20 percent of transportation biofuel used within the 27 EU member

August 26, 2013 Read Full Article

Biofuels and the IMF: Can Three Producer Nations Save the Global Economy?

by Joelle Dent (Biofuels Digest Asia)  ...The new boss, acting in the in the person of Brazil, has already wrought what most would consider a miracle by bringing India and Pakistan to the peace table after more than sixty years

April 25, 2012 Read Full Article

The 10 Top Unanswered Biofuels Questions for 2011

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...Your calls and emails are always the highlight of our days. Most questions can be answered johnny-on-the-spot. Some are still out there and well worth arguing over. Here are the Top 10 that are still

December 14, 2011 Read Full Article

Biofuel an Energy Resource Idea for Pakistan in Recent Energy Calamity

by Naseem Sheikh (Business Recorder)  ...A research Study conducted by the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, suggests that the country’s energy demand is expected to increase three fold by 2050, but supply position is not inspiring in anyway. In such alarming

November 28, 2011 Read Full Article

Brazil Expresses Interest in Enhancing Fuel Ethanol Productivity

(Pakistan Today)  Great potential for cooperation between two countries in ethanol production, renewable energy, hybrid seed, off-season vegetables and bio fuel World’s leader in ethanol fuel, Brazil has shown interest to collaborate with Pakistan in the transfer of knowledge and technology

October 12, 2011 Read Full Article

It’s All about Sugar as Prices Surge and Supply Fears Grow

by Joelle Brink (Biofuels Digest Asia)  ...We imagine “food vs fuel” in terms of grain shortages, but where food and fuel actually collide is on the global sugar markets. “While sugar is widely available in the west and its price

September 08, 2011 Read Full Article

Salt-Loving Plants in Pakistan `Potential Biofuel Sources`

(Environmental-Expert.com)  Perennial grasses that thrive in saline areas can not only help reclaim vast stretches of unproductive land but can also produce biofuels without compromising food production, according to a study in Pakistan. A team of scientists led by Ajmal Khan,

June 08, 2011 Read Full Article

Europe May Introduce Land Use Sustainabilty Criteria

by Joelle Brink (Biofuels Digest Asia)  This was one of the best weeks yet in the Asian biofuels industry. China decided to promote 2G biofuels production and reduce its CO2 emissions by up to 45 percent by 2020. India moved to

May 05, 2011 Read Full Article

Brazil to Aid Pakistan in Ethanol Efforts

(Pakistan Today)  Brazil and Pakistan produce huge amount of sugarcane and Brazil will soon establish its industry to help Pakistan in ethanol extraction or production from sugarcane which would bring about stability in petroleum prices and also control price-hiking in

April 29, 2011 Read Full Article

Ethanol and Bio-Diesel Could Help in Achieving Import Substitution: Neelam

(Online International News Network)  Pakistan Provincial Minister for Population Welfare Punjab Neelam Jabbar Ch. has said that the government is paying full attention to develop the alternative fuels such as ethanol and bio-diesel to overcome the energy crisis in the

May 21, 2010 Read Full Article

Nanobiotechnology for the Production of Biofuels from Spent Tea

Bioenergy is the only alternative and cheap source of energy which can be made easily available to the world. The present experiment included three steps for the conversion of spent tea (Camellia sinensis) into biofuels. In the first step, spent

March 17, 2010 Read Full Article

Pakistani State Oil Launches Ethanol Blended Fuel in Karachi

(The International News)  The Pakistan State Oil (PSO) launched ethanol blended fuel called ‘E10 gasoline’ here on Saturday which would be cheaper by Rs2.40 per litre compared to petrol.   ...  Federal Minister for Privatisation and Petroleum and Natural Resources Syed

August 17, 2009 Read Full Article
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Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Congressional Review Act Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cruise Ships Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi Customs and Border Protection cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping dual-fuel/flex fuel ships Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol hybrid methanol price Methanol-to-Gasoline Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Energy Council National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American Indian/First 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ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oilcane Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 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(REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel renewable naphtha-with-ethanol-t0-jet (NETJ) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) REnova RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program Republic of Congo repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment Reverse Water-gas Shift RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron Ricardo rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society 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taro Tasmania tax benefit tax credits tax incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy travel policy Treasury Department 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