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Energies’ Special Issue “Hydrothermal Liquefaction for Aviation and Maritime Sustainable Fuels”

(Energies) … Aviation and maritime, key components of the transport fuel area, will thus be pillars of future sustainable energy scenarios and thus prioritized in policymaking, being the most difficult sectors to

January 11, 2022 Read Full Article

A Rebuttal to DeCicco: Use Locally Produced Renewable Energy

(Owatonna People’s Press/Renewable Fuels Association)  The author claims that the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) was enacted in the wake of 9/11. That is not true. The RFS was enacted after the

January 5, 2022 Read Full Article

New Study Demonstrates Ethanol Blend Compatibility of Vehicles Around the World

(U.S. Grains Council/GrainNet)  A new study conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is out now that shows all vehicles in the study countries are highly likely to be compatible

November 12, 2021 Read Full Article

Biofuels, the World’s Energy Past and Future

by Mario Osava (Inter Press Service)  The biofuel from this mini biogas power plant in the municipality of Entre Rios do Oeste, in the southern Brazilian state of Paraná, is

November 11, 2021 Read Full Article

What Is E85 Gas and Should You Use It?

by Andy Jensen (Advanced Auto Parts)  … E85 is widely available, an affordable alternative for many popular vehicles. Here’s why you should take another look at ethanol. … E85 is a

October 22, 2021 Read Full Article

USGC Showcases Ethanol’s Role in Fuel Decarbonization Policies

(U.S. Grains Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine) A shifting fuel standard in Australia could allow a larger role for ethanol in that market. To better understand the changes, the U.S. Grains Council’s Southeast

September 25, 2021 Read Full Article

The Fuel Economy Rule: An EPA That Won’t See, Hear, or Speak to the Facts

by Doug Durante (Clean Fuels Development Coalition/Biofuels Digest) The release of the highly anticipated revision of the Safe Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicle (SAFE) proposed rule this month was, for the biofuels

August 26, 2021 Read Full Article

Readers Write: Ethanol, … Critical Thinking: No Need to Be Bound to Petroleum.

by Kirk Cobb (Star Tribune)  Thanks to Jim O’Connor and Tim Waibel for their letter about the future of ethanol (“Products change, but corn endures,” Readers Write, June 12). But

June 17, 2021 Read Full Article

LETTER: Ethanol Actually Saves Consumers Money at the Pump

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association/Las Vegas Review-Journal) In response to your May 23 editorial: The increased use of ethanol resulting from the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act has lowered

June 1, 2021 Read Full Article

Green Nanochem for Biofuels and Batteries: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Sylvatex

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Energy and transportation sectors need renewable solutions, and Sylvatex is using green nanochemistry to turn renewable feedstocks into sustainable solutions for the $2+ trillion market. What

March 29, 2021 Read Full Article

Big News for the Big Heavy: As Renewable Diesel Surges, HONEYWELL UOP Dials up a One-Step Process to Collapse Capex

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) There’s news from Planet Honeywell UOP, that they’ve achieved a one-step conversion to renewable diesel for selected feedstocks. It’s notable for two reasons. First, it reduces

February 10, 2021 Read Full Article

EPA Delivers Final Fuels Regulatory Streamlining Rule to OMB

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA released a proposed rule on April 13 that aims to streamline and modernize the agency’s existing fuels regulations. In the rulemaking,

September 22, 2020 Read Full Article

Fugitive Methane, Eating Elephants, and Brewing Quarantine Ethanol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … We left the discussion with a hint about the potential conversion of methane to methanol, which can serve as a powerful chemical building block or, in China

June 11, 2020 Read Full Article

Wheels Keep Turning on Innovations for More Efficient and Clean Vehicles

(Department of Energy)  While approximately 30% of today’s new cars can boast fuel economy of at least 30 miles per gallon, there is still the opportunity for further efficiency gains. Top

June 3, 2020 Read Full Article

PODCAST: Ethanol: The Future of the Fuel Industry, with RFA’s Bob Dinneen and NCGA’s Mark Palmer

(National Corn Growers Association) This may be a tumultuous time for corn farmers and ethanol producers. But then again, the ethanol industry’s entire history has been a roller coaster ride.  In this

April 17, 2020 Read Full Article

EPA Releases Proposal to Streamline Existing Fuels Regulations

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA released a proposed rule on April 13 that aims to streamline and modernize the agency’s existing fuels regulations. In the rulemaking, the

April 14, 2020 Read Full Article

Mexico’s Supreme Court Rules against Hiking Ethanol Fuel Content

by David Alire Garcia and Sharay Angulo (Reuters) The Mexican Supreme Court ruled against the modification of a fuel rule on Wednesday that would have allowed higher ethanol content in gasoline,

January 16, 2020 Read Full Article

Research Yields Potential Bioblendstock for Diesel Fuel

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory/Phys.Org)  The NREL scientists, along with colleagues at Yale University, Argonne National Laboratory, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, are part of the Department of Energy’s Co-Optimization of

December 19, 2019 Read Full Article

Alternative Oxygenate Effects on Emissions

(Urban Air Institute)  The Urban Air Initiative (UAI) would like to thank the Coordinated Research Council (CRC) for its recent study that shows simply adding an oxygenate lowers tailpipe emissions. This recent

July 1, 2019 Read Full Article

Catalysis Rocking: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to ChemCatBio

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ChemCatBio is a research and development consortium dedicated to identifying and overcoming catalysis challenges for biomass conversion processes. Led by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national

December 26, 2018 Read Full Article

Biodiesel By-Product Helps Fuel Come Clean

(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology/Phys.org)  … This work on glycerol carbonate also supports Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiative, which aims to diversify the Kingdom’s economy from its current

December 5, 2018 Read Full Article

RFA President Says February Not Soon Enough for E15 Rulemaking

(WNAX)  This week, the Environmental Protection Agency published its rule making agenda for 2019 and in it said they’’ll start the rulemaking process for year-round use of E15 in February of

October 22, 2018 Read Full Article

Making Crude Oil from Paper Pulp? Vertoro Creates This ‘Green Gold’

by Olga Koltsova (Innovation Origins)  Vertoro is Spanish for “Green Gold“. The founders clearly had their end product in mind when they started thinking of a brand name. Vertoro, a spin-off from The

August 9, 2018 Read Full Article

USGC Explores Potential Ethanol Demand in Chile and Argentina

(U.S. Grains Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Increased global bioethanol use is only a well-constructed policy decision away in markets like Argentina and Chile. The U.S. Grains Council (USGC) traveled to both countries

August 6, 2018 Read Full Article

Mexican Court Overturns Ethanol Blending Injunction

by Josh Pedrick (Platts)  A federal tribunal in Mexico Thursday overturned an injunction blocking ethanol blending from climbing to 10% from 5.8%, two sources connected to the case told S&P Global

June 15, 2018 Read Full Article

Isobutanol: Now on the Radar for USA COMMENTS DUE April 30, 2018

by  Jess Hewitt  (Biofuels Digest/Lee Enterprises Consulting)  The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has opened a comment period for the registration of the use of Isobutanol in gasoline.  Why is this important? 

April 30, 2018 Read Full Article

Partners in Production–Chemical Companies Are Developing Technologies that Would Create New Market Opportunities for the Ethanol Industry

by Tim Albrecht (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The ethanol industry has polished its coproduction of distillers grains. Now, a handful of companies have found different uses for DDGS, or ethanol itself, that

April 20, 2018 Read Full Article

Ethanol Market Development Organizations Applaud Japan Policy Shift To Allow Use Of U.S. Ethanol

(U.S. Grains Council)  The U.S. Grains Council (USGC), the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA), Growth Energy and their member organizations welcome the news Tuesday that the Japanese government’s new biofuel policy will

April 18, 2018 Read Full Article

Enerkem Makes a Major Breakthrough by Producing a New High-Octane Biofuel

(Enerkem/Oil and Gas 360/PR Newswire)  Enerkem Inc., a world-leading waste-to-biofuels and chemicals producer, announced today during the 255th American Chemical Society national meeting being held in New Orleans, that it had succeeded in producing

March 22, 2018 Read Full Article

Council Assesses Ethanol Market Potential In UAE, Pakistan

(U.S. Grains Council)  The U.S. Grains Council (USGC) recently undertook a market assessment mission to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Pakistan to analyze the ethanol demand potential in both countries

February 17, 2018 Read Full Article

Top Trends in 7 Key Latin America Hotspots

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In a striking pledge made in the latter part of 2016. 20 Latin American countries promised to promote biofuel production and use, with the support of

December 28, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK

“If our gasoline composition is right then ethanol can work,” said Alfonso Martinez, undersecretary of protection of the environment and natural resources in Nuevo Leon, Mexico, in a phone interview

November 28, 2017 Read Full Article

Feature: Mexican Ethanol Optimism Returns after States Ask for Ban Repeal

by Josh Pedrick (Platts)  The Mexican ethanol market could have more room to grow as the states of Nuevo Leon and Jalisco have asked for a repeal of a ban on ethanol

November 28, 2017 Read Full Article

Feature: Mexican Ethanol Blending Faces Legal Hurdles Following Injunction

by Josh Pedrick and Silvia Struthers (Platts)  A future that once looked rosy for climbing ethanol blends with gasoline in Mexico could be in jeopardy as legal challenges to a new fuel regulation

October 24, 2017 Read Full Article

Can The Corn Ethanol Lobby Win In Mexico, Too?

by David Blackmon (Forbes)  … The elimination in the U.S. of the use of MTBE as a gasoline oxygenation agent by the EPA was a big factor in the initial turn to

September 26, 2017 Read Full Article

EPA Extends a Waiver on Motor Fuel Contents to Apply Nationwide, Not Just to Texas

by Steven Mufson (The Washington Post)  Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Scott Pruitt on Wednesday expanded the scope of an emergency waiver of Clean Air Act restrictions on motor fuel requirements,

August 31, 2017 Read Full Article

Behind the Battle for Octane

by Denton Cinquegrana (Oil Price Information Service(OPIS))  What you need to know as the refining, agricultural and auto industries gear up to vie for their piece of a multi-billion-dollar market  —

August 22, 2017 Read Full Article

Corn Farmers, Biofuels Have More to Offer

by Mark Sponsler (Colorado Corn/Journal-Advocate)  … Oxygenating gasoline is required under Clean Air Act amendments, and ethanol — with its clean-burning qualities — has long been regarded as the best additive

July 20, 2017 Read Full Article

Mexico Biofuel Regs Favor US Imports: Industry

(Argus Media) Mexico’s recently approved increase in allowable ethanol content in gasoline to 10pc could boost US gasoline imports over domestic ethanol production, some Mexican companies say. The increase initiated last

July 7, 2017 Read Full Article

Nano-Scale Encapsulation: The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to Sylvatex

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Sylvatex has the potential to be a breakout star. One application of its technology splash blends a fuel additive called MicroX into diesel or biodiesel, at

July 4, 2017 Read Full Article

E15 Biofuel in NASCAR and Spreading across the Country

by Erin Kidd (Independent Tribune)  When Austin Dillon crossed the finish line and made his way to Victory Lane at the Coca-Cola 600, there were smiles from all of his

June 30, 2017 Read Full Article

E10 Triumphs in France, Ethanol Demand Rises

(Argus Media)  E10 is about to be crowned the biggest selling gasoline grade in France in early 2017, following an imminent data revision by the industry. French ethanol consumption rose

May 9, 2017 Read Full Article

Is Ethanol Worth the Fight?

by Tim Snyder (Equities.com/Crudefunders)  … With that in mind, we decided to break down the question of, “Is it worth it?” into four parts: price benefits, reduction of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), oxygenate

May 1, 2017 Read Full Article

GUEST COLUMN: Corn Farmers Deserve to Be a Part of Earth Day’s Celebrations

by Mike Lefever (The Gazette)  … Corn producers belong at the table of these discussions and have much to be proud of, in that they – along with the rest of agriculture

April 25, 2017 Read Full Article

Economists: Octane Premium Offsets Ethanol Energy Penalty

by  Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Ethanol critics bash the fuel for its lower energy value than gasoline, while ethanol supporters point to its octane-boosting properties. University of Illinois

March 20, 2017 Read Full Article

A California Company Develops Nanotechnology Combining Ethanol with Corn Oil for a New Blendstock that Reduces Diesel Emissions

by Debbie Sniderman (Ethanol Producer Magazine/VI Ventures LLC)  One of the biggest technology upgrades for the ethanol industry in the past decade has been corn oil extraction. If Virginia Klausmeier and

November 21, 2016 Read Full Article

Q&A: Alcogroup Says Ethanol Is Key to GHG Targets

(Argus Media)  Belgium-based ethanol producer Alcogroup’s chief executive Charles-Albert Peers spoke to Argus about near-term prospects for the European ethanol market following the introduction of gasoline with a maximum blended

November 18, 2016 Read Full Article

USGC Study: U.S. Corn Ethanol Can Assist Japan In Reaching Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets

(U.S. Grains Council)  A recently released U.S. Grains Council (USGC) study finds that a significant portion of U.S.-produced corn ethanol will likely meet Japan’s 50 percent greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction

October 21, 2016 Read Full Article

Isobutanol: A New Product from Revamped Ethanol Plants

by Jess Hewitt and KSL (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest)   … Now, there is also competition for production between renewable fuels. Ethanol plants can produce fuel ethanol but they can

September 29, 2016 Read Full Article

Export Exchange 2016 Presents Great Opportunity

by Bob Dinneen (Renewable Fuels Association)  The Export Exchange 2016 is essential. It brings together international buyers and end users of coarse grains and other products, including DDGS, with U.S.

September 21, 2016 Read Full Article

Mexico to Ban Gasoline Oxygenated with Ethanol in Three Urban Centers

By Ana Isabel Martinez (Reuters Africa)  Mexico will ban the sale of gasoline oxygenated with ethanol beginning in late October in three major urban centers as part of a push

August 25, 2016 Read Full Article

Vertically-Integrated Ethanol Producer, and More: The Digest’s 2016 Multi-Slide Guide to Green Plains

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Green Plains is a vertically-integrated ethanol producer based in Omaha, Nebraska. They currently have an ethanol production capacity of approximately 1.5 billion gallons per year

August 24, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

Reflections on What Could Have Been

by Ray Defenbaugh (Urban Air Initiative/Big River Resources/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Ah, summertime …, and the livin’ is easy, as the song says. But if not for the U.S. EPA, it could

August 16, 2016 Read Full Article

Renewable Gasoline, Solvents, and Fuel Additives from 2,3-Butanediol: New Research

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In California, a US Navy research team at China Lake led by Ben Harvey reported that 2,3-Butanediol, which has received a significant amount of interest based

August 15, 2016 Read Full Article

Letter: Don’t Believe Scare Tactics against Vehicular Use of Ethanol

by Robert Miller (TC Palm) … The oil industry doesn’t want ethanol to go away, but it doesn’t want to give up any more market. It needs the low-cost oxygenate as refineries

June 27, 2016 Read Full Article

Guest Opinion: Misinformation Hurts Ethanol’s Place at Pump

by Mike Lefever (Post Independent/Citizen Telegram)  … In the end, though, I hope your take away is the same as mine; there’s a place at the pump for ethanol, petroleum and other

June 6, 2016 Read Full Article

Why Ethanol in Gasoline Remains a Good Idea

by John M. Urbanchuk  (The Intelligencer)  I am writing in response to Andrew Mikula’s May 13 letter (“With oil now plentiful, why the need for ethanol in gasoline?“). Several points come

May 19, 2016 Read Full Article

BREAKING: High Court Turns Away Exxon’s Challenge To $236M MTBE Verdict

by Keith Goldberg (Law 360) The U.S. Supreme Court refused Monday to review a $236 million trial judgment against ExxonMobil Corp. in a groundwater contamination case in New Hampshire, leaving in

May 16, 2016 Read Full Article

ECO:nomics: Koch Industries’ Ethanol Business

(Wall Street Journal)  Koch Industries’ Director of Environmental, Health and Safety Sheryl Corrigan talks about Koch’s involvement in the ethanol business and its’ campaign against some of the subsidies that

April 11, 2016 Read Full Article

Ethanol Keeps Gasoline Prices Down

by Fred Yoder (The Columbus Dispatch/Ohio Corn and Wheat Growers Association) When the original renewable fuel standard was passed in 2005, gasoline manufacturers were under heavy pressure to do something about

February 29, 2016 Read Full Article

Let’s Give Credit Where It’s Due

by Kenneth Riffle (Salina Journal) Opinion:  … Ethanol utilized as an oxygenate in blended gasoline helps control carbon monoxide emissions. As an

January 25, 2016 Read Full Article

Export Markets for ‘Liquid Corn’

by Holly Jessen (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Global trade for U.S. ethanol has been trending up in the past decade, becoming

January 22, 2016 Read Full Article

Solvents, Plasticizers, Coalescers, Emollients: The Digest’s 2015 8-Slide Guide to xF Technologies

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  xF Technologies Inc. is an Albuquerque, NM based company that has developed a thermochemical process

December 15, 2015 Read Full Article

EPA Review Raises Alarm in Maine over Potential Increase of Ethanol in Gasoline

by Whit Richardson (Portland Press Herald)  Critics say the change would cost drivers, farmers, fuel sellers and small-engine equipment owners.

November 23, 2015 Read Full Article

EPA More Enemy than Ally to Ethanol

by Mike Bryan (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  There is a long history of antagonism and sometimes outward hostility by the EPA

August 20, 2015 Read Full Article

Shedding Light on U.S. Biofuels: The ‘Food versus Fuel’ Debate

by Stephanie Mercier (Ag Web)  The U.S. biofuels sector marks its birth back in 1979, when Congress established a blender’s credit

August 17, 2015 Read Full Article

Celebrating a Decade of Success: The RFS Turns 10!

(Renewable Fuels Association)  This Saturday marks 10 years since the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct) containing the original Renewable

August 10, 2015 Read Full Article

USGC: Ethanol Can Improve China’s Air, Water Quality

(U.S. Grains Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  A U.S. Grains Council mission including U.S. environmental and public health specialists recently traveled to

August 3, 2015 Read Full Article

Up with Octane and Down with Aromatics: Continuing Health Risks with Petroleum Fuels and the Need for Engine Efficiency

by Bill Brandon (Leaders in Energy)  Our country has seen many transitions in travel technologies and fuels. In the first

June 25, 2015 Read Full Article

Building Markets for Ethanol Exports

by Cindy Zimmerman (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Expanding export markets for U.S. ethanol was the focus last month as a group

June 19, 2015 Read Full Article

Cellulosic Ethanol Is Getting a Big Boost from Corn, for Now

by Ryan Fitzpatrick (Third Way)  Cellulosic fuels offer economic, environmental, and national security benefits, but scaling-up the technology has proven

April 6, 2015 Read Full Article

Visalia-Based Edeniq Engineering Ethanol’s Future

by George Lurie (The Business Journal NOW)  … Lower oil prices, (Brian) Thome (president and CEO of Edeniq) said, translate into “lower

March 3, 2015 Read Full Article

The Big Move: The Leap from First-Gen to Next-Gen Biofuels Companies, How Does It Happen?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  How does the biofuels industry move from its roots in first-gen corn starch or cane

February 9, 2015 Read Full Article

Fuel Summit Reflects on Lack of RFS, Options for Expansion

by Gene Lucht (Iowa Farmer Today)  Government uncertainty and low oil prices pose the biggest challenges to the ethanol and

February 8, 2015 Read Full Article

Biofuel Facts for the Road: The Energy Department and Your Gasoline Pump

by Alicia Moulton (US Department of Energy)  Going “over the river and through the woods to Grandmother’s house” this holiday season

December 18, 2014 Read Full Article

Report: Increased Ethanol Drops Energy Content of Gas

by Christopher Doering (Des Moines Register)  The growing use of ethanol in the country’s gasoline supply has reduced the average

October 29, 2014 Read Full Article

The Economic Competitiveness of U.S. Ethanol

by John M. Urbanchuk  (ABF Economics/Renewable Fuels Association)  … Reflecting this enhanced competitiveness and maturation, ethanol prices (both FOB plant and delivered at

July 23, 2014 Read Full Article

Why Are Ethanol Prices and Production Profits So High?

by Scott Irwin and Darrel Good (FarmDocDaily/University of Illinois)   The ethanol production industry is in the midst of a long

June 12, 2014 Read Full Article

Will the EPA Reverse Itself on the Write Down of the Renewable Mandate for 2014? The Message from the RINs Market

by Scott Irwin (FarmDocDaily/University of Illinois)  … The purpose of today’s post is to show that the recent behavior of prices

March 4, 2014 Read Full Article

AFPM, RFA Trade Charges after Verdict in MTBE Case

by Jordan Godwin  (Platts)  …(American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers President Charles T.) Drevna responded Wednesday to a New Hampshire verdict earlier that day

April 12, 2013 Read Full Article

Ethanol–Does the RFS Matter?

by Scott Irwin and Darrel Good (University of Illinois/FarmDocDaily)  …The suggestion to waive the mandate assumes that ethanol production and blending

March 21, 2013 Read Full Article

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carbon emissions carbon fiber Carbon Intensity (CI) carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon tax carbon tax-and-dividend Carbon tax border adjustments carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata/brassica carinata carob cashew cashew apple CASI CAS Registry Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) cell culturing cellulase enzymes cellulose Cellulosic/Biomass Hydrogen cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel Clean clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location co-operative Co-op Extension co-processing co-products coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) coastal habitat conservation coastal hay Coast Guard cobalt cock's foot coco cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold-tolerance cold flow college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression-ignition engine compression ratios computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology cooking fuel Cook Islands cook stoves cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 copper coppice cordgrass corn-based products corn/maize corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cuphea cup plant currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D5 (5%DME) D20 (20%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date palm date palm pits Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Delaware DeltaWing demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose diatoms diesel diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel diesel with renewables diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct-to-fuel direct air capture directed evolution direct injection Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought-resistant drought tolerant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E5 price E6 E7 E8 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E40 E50 E55 E75 E78 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 E100 E100 conversion kit earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED95 educatio education educational business private educational tour Education Series 3030 EERE efficiency Egypt Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electricity price electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants El Salvador embargo emissions emissions standards EN 228 EN 590 EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) end user Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine/Fuel Co-optimization Engine Development engineering engine problems England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment Environmentalists environmental justice environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling enzymes Enzyme solicitation EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) ethane Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G ethanol benefits ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol blend wall ethanol emissions ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethylbenzene ethylene ethyl levulinate (EL) ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication externalities extremophiles f F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farmers farming farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices Feedstocks feedstock storage feedstock transportation fermentation ferry fertilizer F Factor fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch/FT Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax Fleets fleet turnover fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) Flightpath flight tests flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources forestry Forest Service fossil carbon fossil fuel fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) free fatty acids (FFA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon Gambia games gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline-range hydrocarbons gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gas prices gas tax/highway user fee General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government subsidies grains grain sorghum/milo grain speculators GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green/black economy green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP h Haiti Halophytes harvesting harvest site processing Hawai'i hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ health health benefits health effects heat-tolerance heating oil/fuel heat of combustion heat of vaporization Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Honge tree nuts Hong Kong hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrids Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrocarbon fuels hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen hydrogen aircraft hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen fuel cells hydrogenolysis hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indiana Indian beech tree Indian grass indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine internal combustion engine/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactose Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquidation liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M3 M15 M50 M100 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts mass balance standard Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methan methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks methanization Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol fuel cells methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gasoline natural gas prices natural gas vehicles Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil/gas terminals oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot scale pine pineapple pine beetle pine needles pine nut pinion pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R5 R33 rabbits race radiata pine Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rainforest rain tree RAND rare earth metal RD10 RD20 RD30 RD80 RD99 RD100 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/REDIII) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment R Factor RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island Ricardo rice rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rotation crops royalties RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass s saccharification Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC SAK Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar sal tree salt water Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed-to-wheel seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solaris solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soybean prices soybeans soy meal Spain spartina specifications Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) subsid succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel Sugar Beets/Energy Beets sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugars sugars-to-fats sugar standards sulfur Sumatra sunflower sunflower stalks supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweetgum sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas syngas/gas fermentation synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung Tamarix tank-to-wheel tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition 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VEETC vegetable oils vehicles miles traveled (VMT) Velocys Venezuela Vermont Victoria video Vietnam vinasse vinegar vineyard waste Virginia Virgin Islands. virgin oils viruses VLSFO (very low sulfur fuel oil) volatile fatty acids (VFA) volunteers Vulcanol w waiver Wales warranty Washington Washington DC waste waste-to-chemicals Waste-to-Energy waste-to-fuel waste alcohol Waste CO2 waste heat waste management waste oil waste paper waste vegetable oil wastewater water water consumption water footprint water hyacinth watermeal watermelon water pollution water quality water treatment wax weather well-to-wheel West Africa Western Australia West Java West Virginia wet distillers grain wet extraction What You Can Do wheat wheat bran wheat fiber wheatgrass wheat prices wheat straw whey whisky white grease White House wildlife habitat willow wind energy wine wastage/grape marc winter crops Wisconsin women Wood woody biomass World Bank World Trade Organization (WTO) Wyoming XTL xylan xylene 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