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Waste Makes Haste – D.O.E., SABIC, TOTAL, PLASTIC ENERGY Racing to Recycle Plastics into Higher-Value Materials

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Last week, the U.S. Department of Energy released the Plastics Innovation Challenge Draft Roadmap and a Request for Information seeking stakeholder input on the Draft Roadmap. Originally announced in November 2019, the Plastics Innovation Challenge is a

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Shell Pulls out of Velocys/British Airways Project to Build the UK’s First Commercial SAF Production Plant

(GreenAir Online) Shell has pulled its support for the Velocys/British Airways Altalto project, which plans to produce sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from municipal waste in a new plant due to be constructed at Immingham in north-east England. The oil major,

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Boeing Planning to Debut 100% Biofuel Planes by 2030

by Sarah George (edie.net/Eurative)  Boeing has already completed one commercial flight using 100% biofuel in 2018 --Boeing Co has unveiled plans to deliver commercial aircraft capable of using 100% biofuel by 2030. Using existing technologies under current regulations, it can

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Shell Says Hydrogen Is Heavy Transport’s Future. What Now for Biofuels?

by John Parnell (Green Tech Media)  A Deloitte report commissioned by Shell finds that the heavy-freight sector is increasingly planning for a switch to hydrogen. Hydrogen will be the key energy source for global road freight, according to a new report

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DSM and TU Delft Launch AI4B.io Lab

(Delft University of Technology) Royal DSM and TU Delft today announce the establishment of the Artificial Intelligence Lab for Biosciences (the AI4B.io Lab). This laboratory will be the first of its kind in Europe to apply artificial intelligence (AI) to full-scale

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Air France KLM Martinair Carbgo and Bolloré Logistics Team Up to Launch the First Low-Carbon Airfreight Route between France and the United States

(Bolloré Logistics) Bolloré Logistics has joined the Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) programme of Air France KLM Martinair Cargo (AFKLMP Cargo) for its 2021 shipments between Paris Charles de Gaulle and New York John F. Kennedy airports. This first of its

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Carbon-Neutral Airfreight Route from LA to Amsterdam Begins

(Biobased Diesel Daily/Air France KLM Martinair Cargo) To support the industry’s carbon reduction targets, Kuehne+Nagel has joined the Air France KLM Martinair Cargo SAF program, launching the first carbon-neutral airfreight lane between North America and Europe as of New Year’s Day.

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Shell-Exxon Aims at $2.5 Billion in Dutch Subsidies for Carbon Storage

(Reuters/Energy Market Price) A consortium that includes oil majors Royal Dutch Shell and ExxonMobil has requested a total of 2.1 billion euros ($2.55 billion) in subsidies for a project to store CO2 gasses in empty Dutch gas fields in the North

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Battling America’s ‘Dirty Secret’: Climate Change Raises the Risk from Failing Sewage Systems.

by Sarah Kaplan (Washington Post) ... (Catherine Coleman) Flowers has a vision for a better septic system. It’s cheap to buy and easy to run. It’s equipped with sensors that can monitor for signs of pathogens, including the coronavirus. Instead of

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International Energy Agency Will Assess Brazil’s Policies to Promote Biofuels

by Elton Alisson  (Agência FAPESP)  Biofuels play a fundamental role in decarbonizing the transportation sector. Current policies to grow biofuel production and use on a global scale, however, are not sufficiently ambitious, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). To address

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Atlas Air Boeing 747 Operates Transatlantic Flight on Sustainable Fuel

by Jay Singh (Simple Flying) An Atlas Air Boeing 747-400F flew a transatlantic mission on Monday using sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The test flight flew from Spain to Mexico, and Atlas Air ran the operation as it tests and examines

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Van Oord Orders Green Cable-Laying Vessel

(Van Oord)   Van Oord has ordered a next-generation custom-built green cable-laying vessel. The vessel will be delivered from VARD in Norway and equipped with the latest sustainable technologies. The vessel will be fully operational in 2023. This investment is part of

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TFG Marine Commences Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp Operations, Successfully Trials Marine Biofuels and Appoints Rasmus Bach Nielsen to Board

(TFG Marine) TFG Marine, ("TFG"), the global marine fuel supply and procurement joint venture company created by Trafigura and shipping firms Frontline and Golden Ocean, announces major milestones in its strategy to grow and improve transparency in new markets and provide

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The Drive to Decarbonize Shipping: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Shell

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Shell is working with customers and partners in the shipping industry to help accelerate decarbonisation towards a net-zero emissions future for shipping. ‘ ‘All Hands on Deck’ is a joint report with Deloitte that outlines industry perspectives

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Neste Invests in AFS Fuel Storage Company to Enable Supply of Sustainable Aviation Fuel at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

(Neste) Neste, the world’s leading provider of renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel, has acquired a minority stake in Aircraft Fuel Supply B.V. (AFS). AFS is the owner and operator of the Amsterdam Airport Schiphol fuel storage company. “Our ambition is to

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They Invest US $ 5 Million to Transform Sewage Waste into Biodiesel

(La Nacion (Google Translation)) The company Explora, which has its plant in Puerto General San Martín, Santa Fe, invested more than US $ 5 million in a new technology to transform sewage waste into biodiesel. In this way, it has already produced

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Large-Scale Biodiesel Fraud again in the Picture at ILT

(Netherlands' Human Environment and Transport Inspectorate (ILT)) Once again, a company suspected of marketing biodiesel with forged certificates is in the picture at the Human Environment and Transport Inspectorate (ILT). Due to large-scale fraud, diesel that is not produced sustainably at

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2030 Climate Targets for Mobility in the Netherlands Require a Cap for the Use of Fossil Fuel

by Eric van den Heuvel, Loes Knotter via Tammy Klein (Future Fuel Strategies)  The Netherlands Platform Sustainable Biofuels argues for a decreasing cap on the use of fossil fuels in the Netherland mobility sector. -- Starting from today’s level of

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Volkswagen Group Selects Marine Biofuel Leader GoodFuels to Run Fossil-Free Car Transport Operations

(GoodFuels)  Sustainable 100% biofuel reduces carbon emissions by a minimum of 85% well-to-wake for Volkswagen Group’s shipments  -- GoodFuels, the leading marine biofuels supplier for the global maritime industry, and car manufacturer Volkswagen Group have successfully started their partnership in supplying

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Industry Asks EU to Include Biogas in New Sustainable Mobility Strategy

(NGV Journal/NGVA Europe) Gas Distributors for Sustainability (GD4S), the European Biogas Association (EBA) and NGVA Europe co-signed a joint letter to the Executive Vice President of the European Commission Frans Timmermans, Energy Commissioner Kadri Simson, and Transport Commissioner Adina-Ioana Vălean, to

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Renewi, Nordsol, Shell to Produce Bio-LNG in Amsterdam Westpoort

(Bioenergy Insight)  Renewi, Nordsol, and Shell have started construction on the first bio-LNG installation in Amsterdam Westpoort.  The new bio-LNG installation is an extension for the current processing of, among other things, outdated supermarket products. With a multi-million-euro investment, technical partner

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UK Refiners Push Back over 2030 Ban on New Fossil Fuel Cars

by Robert Perkins  (S&P Global Platts) Refiners call for more biofuels support; Move seen displacing 60,000 b/d of oil demand; Hybrids get reprieve until 2035, EV sales booming -- The UK's refining sector has voiced its opposition to the UK plans to bring

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Titan LNG Receives EU Funding for Biogas Bunkering Project

(Bioenergy Insight) Dutch gas supplier Titan LNG has signed a deal to receive European Union funding for its Bio2Bunker biogas project.  Titan LNG, a major supplier of liquefied natural gas to the marine and industrial markets in Europe has been

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University of Eastern Finland Announces partnership with European Bioeconomy University's Erasmus+ project to bring together bioeconomy studies

(Science Business/University of Eastern Finland) The School of Forest Sciences at the University of Eastern Finland is a partner in a new Erasmus+ project of the European Bioeconomy University, EBU, which seeks to develop a mechanism to enhance bioeconomy students’ cross-sectoral

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GPS Group and VARO Energy Embark on Further Expansion: Port of Amsterdam Set for New Rail System

(Varo) Through their close partnership GPS will develop a rail handing system as well as dedicated ethanol storage for VARO.  The expansion follows GPS-A having commissioned c.134 thousand m3 of Class 1 storage for VARO in December 2019 and extends the relationship. The

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Dutch Post to Fuel Vehicles with Waste Oil Used for French Fries

by Agnieszka Kulikowska - Wielgus (Trans.info) The Dutch post is taking its first steps towards emission-free transport on its last mile delivery by using a biofuel produced with oil previously used for cooking french fries. The pilot project will see

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Biofuels in Prime Position to Deliver on Short-Term Climate Goals: Goodfuels CEO

by Tom Washington (S&P Global) Could slash shipping's emissions over the decade; Biofuels' market share remains limited for now; Coronavirus has made biofuels less competitive  --  As transport industries look to slash greenhouse gas emissions and examine alternative power options, biofuels are well-placed

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Neste to Acquire Bunge's Refinery Plant in Rotterdam to Increase Raw Material Pretreatment Capacity for the Production of Renewable Products

(Neste) Neste, the world's leading producer of renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel produced from waste and residue raw materials, has agreed to acquire Bunge Loders Croklaan's refinery plant located in Rotterdam, the Netherlands for a purchase price of 258 million

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European Commission Confirms Sustainability of European Biofuels, Yet Sends Mixed Messages on Their Future

(ePURE) A new report from the European Commission underlines the importance and sustainability of renewable ethanol, but also reveals yet again the Commission's strangely contradictory stance wanting to minimise the role of biofuels in achieving the EU Green Deal. Published on 14

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Rich Nations Have Sold 14 Million “Dirty and Dangerous” Vehicles to Developing Nations

by Amy Lupica (Our Daily Planet) A new report from the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) found that rich nations, including the United States, Japan, and the Netherlands, are exporting “dirty and dangerous” cars to developing countries en masse. Between 2015 and 2018, an estimated 14

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Neste and All Nippon Airways (ANA) Collaborate on First Supply of Sustainable Aviation Fuel in Asia

(Neste) ANA has established a procurement supply chain together with Neste and with support of Itochu Corporation. Ahead of its mid-to-long term collaboration, ANA and Neste will supply the first flight powered by Neste MY Sustainable Aviation Fuel™ in Japan.

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EPS Collaborates with Goodfuels for Marine Biofuel Bunker Trial

(Eastern Pacific Shipping)  The planned biofuel testing reinforces EPS’ commitment to using alternative marine fuels to lower emissions  --  Singaporean-based tonnage provider Eastern Pacific Shipping (EPS), has appointed GoodFuels to supply biofuel bunkers for its 2010-built 47,377 deadweight tonne MR tanker M/T Pacific Beryl.

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MSC Sees Hydrogen and Biofuels in Shipping’s Future Fuel Mix

(Maritime Executive) The global shipping industry is continuing to explore the news sources of fuel that will help it to reduce its environmental impact and meet the industry goals of reducing emissions. Speaking at the Maritime Transport Efficiency Conference in Geneva,

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WEBINAR: Chemical Recycling: Market Trends and Cross-Border Opportunities for NRW Netherlands --- October 7, 2020

Holland Circular Hotspot and the Netherlands Consulate-General in Düsseldorf will jointly organize a webinar on 7 October about the many opportunities for cooperation in the field of chemical recycling between the Netherlands and the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. This webinar

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Neste MY Renewable Diesel Available at More than 100 Sales Points in the Netherlands

(Neste) Neste, the world’s largest producer of renewable diesel and the 3rd most sustainable company in the world*, celebrates reaching the milestone of 100 Neste MY Renewable Diesel™ sales points in the Netherlands. Neste MY Renewable Diesel, produced from 100% renewable

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Exclusive: Shell Launches Major Cost-Cutting Drive to Prepare for Energy Transition

by Ron Bousso  (Reuters)  Royal Dutch Shell is looking to slash up to 40% off the cost of producing oil and gas in a major drive to save cash so it can overhaul its business and focus more on renewable energy

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Neste: Sweden Becomes a Frontrunner in Sustainable Aviation

(Neste) Sweden has an ambitious target of being fossil-free by 2045. As a part of the initiative, the Swedish Government announced on 11 September 2020, to introduce a greenhouse gas reduction mandate for aviation fuel sold in Sweden in 2021.

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Celtic Renewables Biorefinery Sparks Boost for Scotland’s Green Economic Recovery

(Celtic Renewables) The first sign that the Scottish economy is on track for a green recovery became evident today as the construction of Scotland’s first biorefinery took a significant step forward with the arrival of six purpose-built 130,000 litre fermentation vessels

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Solving the Low Carbon Shipping Fuel and Energy Algorithm – Quickly!

by Adrian Tolson (BLUE Insight/Biofuels Digest) BLUE Insight’s Low Carbon Shipping Fuels and Energy Guide 2020 is a market first assessment of the leading low carbon marine fuels with potential to replace fossil fuels as the marine fuel of the future and analyses

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Greener Flights from Greener Fields - Using Aviation Biofuel

(European Commission)  Jet fuel from renewable sources holds the key to significantly reducing the environmental impact of aviation. EU-funded researchers have set out to boost Europe's production capacity, and are also developing a process that would leverage the growing of

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ExxonMobil’s First Marine Bio Fuel Oil

(ExxonMobil) ExxonMobil Completes Successful Sea Trial of its First Marine Bio Fuel Oil:  Successful sea trial completed with leading tanker shipping company Stena Bulk; Fuel can help deliver carbon dioxide emission reduction benefits to ship operators; Fuel will be available in select

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CBBD Establishes a Cooperation with HCH to Offer an International Platform to Its Best Practices.

(Circular Biobased Delta) Maybe known, CBBD is a partnership of three Dutch provinces, companies and knowledge institutions within the southwestern Delta region. It aims to stimulate the use of more biobased/renewable raw materials in the transition to a sustainable, circular, biobased

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Increasing Bio-LNG Refueling Infrastructure in Belgium

(NGV Journal/Rolande) Rolande has opened its first LNG station in Belgium together with partner G&V Energy Group, joining forces to be able to create a covering LNG network in this country. The years of experience of Rolande and the strategical network

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Biofuels Digest Published Library of Recorded Presentations on Multitude of Bioeconomy Topics

(Biofuels Digest)  Recorded presentations for your on-demand review and enjoyment. Just Pick and Click! On BioChannelTV RENEWABLE DIESEL & DME Saola Energy - Adam Belyamani Axens- David Schwalje Oberon - Rebecca Boudreaux Honeywell UOP-Dan Szeezil NextChem-Valerio Coppini Velocys - Jeff McDaniel   ENGINE TECH What if everything with a

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Follow the Money: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Industrial Bioeconomy Revolution

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Will Canada transform? Or stand on the sidelines?That’s the question asked by Jeff Passmore, CEO of Passmore Group who shared this illuminating “Follow the Money” slide guide that asks how tenable is fossil fuel’s future?

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Earnings Season – 5 Companies Remain Strong in Wild 2020

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) 2020 is a doozy for many biofuel and bioeconomy companies but here are 5 companies – several that were voted for The Digest’s Hot 50 companies – that are taking 2020 by the reins and

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Neste to Supply Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Three Major U.S. Airlines

(Neste) Neste, the world’s largest producer of renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) produced from waste and residue raw materials, is supplying Alaska Airlines, American Airlines and JetBlue Airways with sustainable aviation fuel for flights from San Francisco International Airport (SFO). The low-carbon and high-quality

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Offtake Agreements & Government, Airline Commitments: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to CAAFI & SAF

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  At ABLC Digital in July, Chris Tindal,Assistant Director of Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI), shared this illuminating slide guide focusing on the market opportunities for sustainable aviation fuels, the latest SAF offtake agreements like

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CAAFI Webinar Series: The State of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)

(Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative) The State of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) by Steve Csonka (CAAFI) Slide deck available here. Webinar recording available here.   Click here for more CAAFI webinars, meeting presentations and presentation recordings.  

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Greenwashing: Court Ruled against Airline KLM

(Stay Grounded)  Claims for high use of biofuels debunked as misleading // More rulings could follow on the aviation industry’s greenwashing  --  KLM just recently lost the case against Eric Stam, revealing the practice of the Dutch Airline of greenwashing their

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Renewable Products Remain Strong: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Neste

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  “A solid quarter despite market turbulence due to COVID-19”,is how Neste is describing their second quarter of 2020 in this just released presentation. Check out this illuminating slide guide for the scoop on the company’s

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Top Renewable Diesel Projects and Pathways: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Renewable Diesel Now

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) If you missed last week’s DigestConnect webinar, have no fear, the full deck is here! From 11 pathways on who’s doing what, how and with what, 21 projects and who’s running them and where, 13

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EIB to Provide Advisory Support to Three ‘First-of-a-Kind’ Climate Action Projects

by Liz Gyekye (BioMarket Insights) The European Investment Bank (EIB) has signed three agreements with leading European innovators to collaborate on the development and potential financing of new projects that address climate change. Under a partnership with the European Commission delivered through

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EUR 11 mln TEN-T Funding for (Bio)LNG Infrastructure Will Accelerate the Shipping Sectors Energy Transition

(Titan LNG) Titan LNG’s Ambitious (Bio)-LNG Breakthrough Project Receives EU Funding  -- We are thrilled to announce that Titan LNG, one of the leading suppliers of LNG to the marine and industrial markets in Europe, has been granted €11.000.000 funding from

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World Biggest Oil Majors Set Collective Goal to Cut Carbon Emissions

by Charles Kennedy (OilPrice.com) Some of the biggest oil companies in the world set their first joint target to cut their collective carbon emissions from upstream operations in a move that saw Saudi Aramco and ExxonMobil joining European majors in pledging

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eEUBCE (European Biomass Conference and Exhibition) Highlights; Videos Available until September

5 July 2020 Opening Highlights  The first ever entirely virtual edition of the European Biomass Conference and Exhibition started today with the opening session streamed online.  This year’s theme of the EUBCE is the role of the bioeconomy in the post-pandemic

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Rolande’s New Filling Stations Equipped for Bio-LNG Use

(Bioenergy Insight)  Dutch company Rolande has opened the first of five compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) filling stations in Germany. The new station in the city of Ulm is equipped for the use of bio-LNG. Before

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Sustainable HVO Fuel for Asphalt Equipment from BAM

(BAM Infra Nederland (Google Translation)) BAM Infra Nederland is the first construction company to switch to the fossil-free Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) fuel for all its asphalt equipment. With this fuel, BAM reduces CO2 emissions through its asphalt processing teams

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Test with Trains Running on Biodiesel

(Groningen (Google Translation))  The provinces of Groningen and Fryslân are going to conduct a test with trains running on biodiesel. Arriva will run on existing fuel with existing trains from September 2020. If this test is successful, other trains will

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Shell to Supply Carbon-Neutral LNG Cargoes to China’s CNOOC

(Energy Market Price) ... Carbon-neutral means that all emissions coming from exploration and production of the natural gas are offset by credits from a variety of nature-based projects. These include Shell supported afforestation projects from Qinghai and Xinjiang provinces in China,

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Neste, McDonald’s Netherlands and HAVI Enter into Circular Economy Collaboration in the Netherlands

(Neste)  Neste, the world’s leading provider of renewable diesel refined from waste and residues and the third most sustainable company in the world*, McDonald’s Netherlands and HAVI have joined forces to create a circular economy partnership. The collaboration will see McDonald’s

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Profitable Growth Through Renewable Solutions: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Neste

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Everyone wants to dominate the world, right? But Neste wants to do it in a nice way by becoming the global leader in renewable and circular solutions. There are 3 ways they are working on this

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Amsterdam Bets on Circular Economy, Will Use Biogas for Vehicles

(DMT/NGV Journal) In the metropolitan area of Amsterdam, vehicles are going to be supplied with green gas. Optimizing and transforming the current Sewage Water Treatment Plant of Amsterdam with the latest state of the art technology, delivered by DMT Environmental Technology,

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Hydrogen for Sustainable Aviation - aireg e.V. Welcomes the National Hydrogen Strategy (NWS)

(aireg)  The members of the Aviation Initiative for Renewable Energy in Germany e.V. welcome the National Hydrogen Strategy (NWS) adopted by the Federal Cabinet on June 10th 2020. It is quite rightly stated that aviation will be dependent on liquid

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Key Hydrogen Projects, Players and Tech: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to The Digest’s Top 10 Hydrogen Horizons

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) How will we develop hydrogen for industrial and transport objectives? That is the question The Digest’s Jim Lane looks at in this visual slide guide highlighting the demand potential, background on renewable gases and renewable hydrogen,

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How Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Is Making Its Way in the Aviation Sector

(Biofuels International) Video of the Month --  As part of the BIO4A project, SkyNRG will provide its valuable expertise in the sector to make BIO4A mission a reality: enabling the large-scale pre-commercial production of ASTM-certified SAF in the European Union.

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Renewable Energy Consumption up by 16 Percent

(Statistics Netherlands (CBS))  In 2019, renewable energy consumption in the Netherlands grew by 16 percent to 181 petajoules (PJ) relative to the previous year. More than half of this increase was due to increased consumption of biomass, particularly co-firing in

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Minute Molecular Movements Might Lead to More Efficient Biofuel Cells

(Leiden University/Phys.Org)  Leiden researchers have found minute movements in the laccase enzyme. This discovery could lead to the development of much more efficient biofuel cells. Publication in Biophysical Journal. READ MORE Chemical exchange at the tri-nuclear copper centre of small laccase from

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Neste MY Renewable Diesel Available at More than 200 Sales Points in Sweden by Year-End

(Neste) Neste, the world’s largest producer of renewable diesel and the 3rd most sustainable company in the world*, deepens its partnership with one of Sweden’s largest fuel companies, OKQ8. Neste MY Renewable Diesel™, produced from renewable and sustainable raw materials, will become

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Implementation Agendas: 2018-2019 Update Compare and Contrast Transport Biofuels Policies

by Mahmood Ebadian, James D. McMillan, Jack (John) N. Saddler and Susan van Dyk (University of British Columbia, Canada/National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA/IEA Bioenergy) Global production and use of transport biofuels Global biofuels production has continued to increase over the last decade,

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Dekker Group to Increase Biofuels Capacity with Rotterdam Port Expansion

(Biofuels International)  The Dekker Group has revealed plans to expand its operations in the port of Rotterdam. The company had extended its long-term lease contracts for its subsidiary Maastank at Welplaatkade in the Botlek area by 25 years. Managing director Jan Duel

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Nest Egg + Renewables Help Protect Neste in 2020 – Even with COVID-19 Uncertainty, Neste Hits Renewables Production Record

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... In today’s Digest, Vanacker answers how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting Neste’s operations at the moment, his outlook for renewable fuels, whether fighting climate change is still on Neste’s agenda, an exclusive Digest interview

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Scrap to Wrap, a New App? NOVA, Enerkem Set Sights on Garbage-to-Ethylene, and How, and Why

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) From Canada comes news that NOVA Chemicals and Enerkem entered into a joint development agreement to explore turning non-recyclable and non-compostable municipal waste into ethylene, a basic building block of plastics. NOVA Chemicals has committed to enabling

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Neste Brings Neste MY Renewable Diesel to 51 New Stations in Finland – the Aim Is to Expand Its Availability to the Whole of Finland

(Neste) Neste brings Neste MY Renewable Diesel™ to a significant number of new stations during April and May 2020 in Finland. With the expansion, Neste MY Renewable Diesel will be available at around 120 stations in growth centers as well as smaller

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Velocys Receives further Backing for Waste-to-Fuels Project

(Biofuels International)  Velocys, the sustainable fuels technology company, has announced it has secured a further £1m funding for the Altalto waste-to-fuels project from British Airways and Shell. The proposed Altalto Immingham plant is to convert hundreds of thousands of tonnes

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Running for Office on Climate Change?

by Peter Brown (Euro Marketing Tools/Biofuels Digest) This election cycle has confirmed that the United States’ political hopefuls have abdicated any participation, influence and presence in the climate change debate as it is being set out in the various ecosystems around

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TU/e-led Consortium IDEALFUEL for the Development of Renewable Maritime Fuels Kicks off

(Eindhoven University of Technology)  EU-funded project aims to develop new production methods for sustainable maritime fuels.  -- Many ships use heavy fuel oils that contain large amounts of sulphur and nitrogen leading to the emission of greenhouse gases and other damaging

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Recycling Technologies’ First Site in Europe Will Be Located at the Brightlands Chemelot Campus in the Netherlands

(Recycling Technologies) Recycling Technologies Ltd (‘Recycling Technologies’), a specialist plastic recycling technology provider and Brightlands Chemelot Campus, an innovation, research and technological growth hub announce today they have signed the first agreement towards the installation of Recycling Technologies’ first European plastic

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MINSHIP Embarks on Bulk Carrier Biofuel Trial in Quest for Carbon Neutral Shipping

(MINSHIP) Bavarian ship management company MINSHIP and its subsidiary MINMARINE have announced that a bulk carrier in their fleet of managed vessels, M/V Trudy, has successfully bunkered biofuel at the Port of Rotterdam. The biofuel bunkered by the 2009-built, 30,790-dwt bulk

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15 Newest Projects – Who’s Got What Underway?

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) While the world may be at a standstill,there are still many projects going on and moving forward. But where are these projects? Who’s involved? How far along are they? What are they working on? From

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Project: Blockchain Database for Sustainable Biofuels

(Roundtable for Sustainable Biomaterials) The “Blockchain database for sustainable biofuels” project is jointly led by the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) and Bioledger and aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a blockchain-based database solution for the European sustainably-certified biofuels market, with

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Market for Renewable Aviation Fuel Expected to Skyrocket over Next 5 Years

by Emily Holbrook (Environment & Energy Leader) The market for renewable aviation fuel (RAF) is expected to witness a combined annual growth rate (CAGR) of more than 56.05% from 2020 to 2025. Government policies have been one of the major factors in driving

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Bringing Green Hydrogen to Market

by Sandra Enkhardt (PV Magazine Germany) Uniper plans to use its gas power plants and storage facilities for green hydrogen.   -- Siemens and the Uniper fossil fuels business spun out of German energy giant E.on have been working together for

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Bio and Synthetic LNG Offer Viable Pathway towards Decarbonization

(SEA-LNG/NGV Journal)  SEA-LNG, the multi-sector industry coalition, has released the latest in its series of independently conducted reports. The CE Delft study analyses the availability and costs of bio-LNG and synthetic-LNG and concludes that both could become available in sufficient quantities

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Methanol as a “Future-Proof” Fuel

by Tammy Klein (Future Fuels Strategies)  ... Recently, I wrote a primer for the Methanol Institute entitled, Methanol: A Future-Proof Fuel. Polygeneration, the ability to scale efficiently and cost-effectively, its versatility in so many products and applications including transportation fuels, its

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New Study Evaluates Map and State of Biomethane Market in Europe

(European Biogas Association/NGV Journal) The European Biogas Association (EBA) has participated in a research on the state of play of the biomethane market in Europe. The report provides a general European overview, together with an in-depth mapping at country level of

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Neste Expects Global Renewable Diesel Demand to Surge over Next Decade

by Donavan Lim (S&P Global Platts)  Finnish refiner and biodiesel producer Neste expects the worldwide demand for renewable diesel to surge in the next decade, driven by increased demand for sustainable road and air transport as well as renewable chemical

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Dutch Project to Start Methanol Trial

by Malcolm Latarche (ShipInsight) Netherlands-based Green Maritime Methanol consortium is to study the possibilities for renewable Green Methanol as a maritime transport fuel. Green Methanol is an important candidate as a future fuel for the shipping industry. It is widely available,

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Stena Bulk Performs a Test Running an MR Tanker on 100% Biofuel

(Stena Bulk) During the coming weeks Stena Bulk will perform a test running an MR tanker on 100% biofuel. The fuel is the MR1-100 bio-fuel oil, produced from used cooking oil and supplied by GoodFuels in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. It has

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Neste to Acquire Mahoney Environmental to Strengthen Its Growth Strategy and Position in Renewable Raw Material Sourcing

(Neste) Neste, the world's leading producer of renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel produced from waste and residue raw materials, has agreed to acquire 100% of Mahoney Environmental (Mahoney), a collector and recycler of used cooking oil in the United States,

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CEA-Led Consortium Launches 2.6 MW Rotterdam Green Hydrogen Project

by Henry Edwardes-Evans (S&P Global Platts) 2.6 MW high temp electrolyser from Sunfire; H2 to be used in biofuel production; Supported by EU Horizon funds  --  CEA, Neste, Paul Wurth, Engie and Sunfire are to build a 2.6 MW high-temperature electrolyser for green

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ENGIE Invests in Hydrogen Technology Platform H2SITE

(ENGIE) ENGIE, through its corporate venture capital arm ENGIE New Ventures, announces its strategic investment in H2SITE. Headquartered in Bilbao, Spain, H2SITE is a spinoff created by Tecnalia research and technology center and Eindhoven University of Technology. It aims at commercializing

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2019 Demand in Rotterdam Bunker Port More Sustainable

(Port of Rotterdam)  The demand for LNG, bio and low-sulphur bunkers has increased enormously in Rotterdam over the past year. Total sales in this largest European bunker port fell from 9.5 million m3 to 9 million m3. -- In the last

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How Can Renewable Natural Gas Provide a Negative Carbon Impact?

by Ashley Duplechien (ACT News/Trillium)  Renewable natural gas is growing rapidly in the transportation fuel industry and decades of research confirms that it is a price-stable, low-carbon—and even carbon-negative—fuel option for fleets.  --  The attention surrounding the benefits of renewable natural

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Sekab and Vertoro to Build Large-Scale Demonstration Plant to Produce a New Platform for Sustainable Fuels, Chemicals, and Materials

(Sekab) A new demo plant in Örnsköldsvik will be the first in the world to produce a 2G platform for sustainable fuels, chemicals and materials, coined GOLDILOCKS®, from pulp and paper industry residues. The plant will be built by the Swedish

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UECC to Trial Marine Biofuels

(Marine Link) Short sea ro-ro operator UECC and marine biofuel company GoodFuels have launched a joint trial of GoodFuels Bio-Fuel Oil (MR1-100 or BFO) on UECC’s ro-ro vessel M/V Autosky, the companies announced Thursday. The three month trial will test 3,000 metric

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Hydrogen and a Story of a Simple Fuel, and SimpleFuel

by Jim Lane (Hydrogen Digest) There are two places in the world we thought there would long have been a hydrogen project built or announced. One, at the Port of Amsterdam in The Netherlands, and one at the Prairie View Industrial

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Shell Is Looking Forward: The Fossil-Fuel Companies Expect to Profit from Climate Change. I Went to a Private Planning Meeting and Took Notes.

by Malcolm Harris (Vox Media Intelligencer/New York Magazine)  ... I asked Fries (Steven Fries, Shell’s chief economist) if Shell is serious about transition, then couldn’t it voluntarily speed it up by leaving some of its wells fallow, constraining oil output

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Minding the Cost Gap: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to IEA Bioenergy’s Cost Reduction for Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Today’s top story, “Mind the Gap,” refers to a rather bleak and disturbing assessment offered by IEA Bioenergy on the prospects for cost-competitive advanced biofuels. The report looked at 89 different organizations and their technologies,

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Economics Of Advanced Biofuels

(BioCycle Magazine)  IEA Bioenergy’s new report, “Advanced Biofuels – Potential for Cost Reduction,”  acknowledges the gap between the cost of the advanced biofuels and current fuel prices, and explains how this gap can be reduced in the medium term through

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Europe’s Largest Green Hydrogen Project Starts in Groningen

(Gasunie) A consortium of Gasunie, Groningen Seaports and Shell Nederland has launched ambitious NortH2 green hydrogen project  --  NortH2 vision: Energy from source to customer – from renewable power to green hydrogen distribution – where different partners can collaborate on achieving

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Netherlands All for Sustainable Palm Oil, Against EU Biofuel Ban

by Translator: Ricky Mohammad Nugraha (Tempo.co)  The Dutch Foreign Affairs Minister Stef Blok said the Netherlands is not backing the European Union biofuel ban that targets Indonesia-produced crude palm oil (CPO). However, Blok asserts that this issue must not be dragged out any further and Indonesia must pursue

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Drive on Bioethanol from Rotterdam

(Port of Rotterdam)  Europe’s largest biorefinery is located in the heart of the Port of Rotterdam. Alco Energy Rotterdam converts corn into bioethanol fuel in a production process that generates zero waste. The CO₂ released during the process is transported

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1st Commercial-Scale Production of 5-HMF, 1st Hydrogen-Based Residential Area, Largest Fuel Cell System Ever on Major Ship, and More: The Digest’s Top 10 Innovations for the Week of February 20th

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) It’s fun to be 1st and this week is full of them…from the first hydrogen-based residential area in the Netherlands to the world’s first commercial-scale production plant of 5-HMF via AVA Biochem and Michelin Group’s new

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FORGE Announces Investment from Shell Ventures and Valent Low-Carbon Technologies -- FORGE Builds Biofuel Production Plant in Ontario

(FORGE Hydrocarbons/Globe Newswire)  FORGE Hydrocarbons Corp (“FORGE”), a Canadian biofuel start-up, announces an equity investment from Shell Ventures and a follow-on contribution from Valent Low-Carbon Technologies, which will help build a first-of-its-kind CAD$30 million commercial-scale, biofuel production plant in Sombra, Ontario. Clean

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Italian Coffee Producer Lavazza to Join KLM’s Corporate BioFuel Program

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)In Italy, Lavazza and KLM Royal Dutch Airlines signed an agreement which will make the coffee company the first Italian partner in KLM’s Corporate BioFuel Program. The program contributes actively to making the airline industry more

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Teresa Kok to Engage Europe on Direction of Malaysian Oil Palm Industry

(The Edge Markets/Bernama) Malaysia will engage four European countries next week on the direction of the Malaysian oil palm industry, to address the widespread anti-palm oil campaign in the continent. Primary Industries Minister Teresa Kok said she would expound on the four

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2020 Bioeconomy M&A Deal Review & Outlook

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The Digest published today a 2020 Deal Review and Outlook Bioeconomy M&A visual guide that looks at the slurry of recent mergers and acquisitions in the bioeconomy like Lygos and Librede, NuSeed and Agrisoma, FinCo Fuels

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Hapag-Lloyd to Lower CO2 Emissions Using Biofuel

(Hapag-Lloyd)  Hapag-Lloyd is bunkering “bio”: To reduce the CO2 emissions generated by operating ships, one of its ships recently refuelled in Rotterdam with a new, eco-friendly biofuel. For the first time, the “Montreal Express” is being powered by so-called “B20”

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Who’s the Mystery Date? Green Hydrogen for Renewable Diesel’s Stealthy Project

by Jim Lane (Hydrogen Digest) From Planet Houston we’ve heard that ENGlobal inked a $20 million to supply process modules that will be used to construct a complete hydrogen production facility. The plant will be a major component of an otherwise

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FinCo Fuel Group and GoodFuels Join Forces to Accelerate Renewable Fuels

(GoodFuels)  FinCo Fuel Group, active in the downstream energy market with a broad portfolio of fuel products, has expanded its network with the acquisition of a majority stake in GoodNRG, holding company of renewable fuels pioneer GoodFuels, the companies have announced

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Flying High on Biobased Waste Oils: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to SkyNRG’s SAF

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  SkyNRG recently announced the first dedicated European SAF production unit, but how do we accelerate market growth for sustainable aviation fuel? That’s a question SkyNRG is tackling by talking about challenges with scaling up and how

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EU Invests €11M in Nouryon-Led Green Hydrogen Project in the Netherlands

by Jim Lane (Hydrogen Digest) A consortium comprising Nouryon, Gasunie and four other partners will receive an €11-million European grant towards their proposed green hydrogen project in Delfzijl, the Netherlands. The project is a front-runner among several hydrogen initiatives aimed at

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FinCo Fuel Group and GoodFuels Join Forces to Accelerate Renewable Fuels

(FinCo Fuel)  FinCo Fuel Group active in the downstream energy market with a broad portfolio of fuel products expands its network with the acquisition of a majority stake in GoodNRG, holding company of renewable fuels pioneer GoodFuels. This cooperation enables

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Canola Growers See Opportunity in Biofuel Option

by Sean Pratt (Western Producer)  Hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) is starting to make inroads in the fuel sector.  HDRD can be made with the same plant-based feedstocks as biodiesel, so it has piqued the interest of groups such as the

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Advanced Biofuels – Where Are the Gallons?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) From what is an advanced biofuel to why, we take a look at the gallons, the ethanol blend wall, the residue capacity, and over 30 advanced biofuels projects from around the world to watch. In today’s Digest,

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In Europe, the Blend Is the Trend

by Emmanuel Desplechin (ePURE/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Study shows that E10 can be successful in Europe in the near-term, while E20 can be Europe's fuel in the future.  --  Europeans continue to push their national governments and the European Union to

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Air France Agrees SAF Initiative on Flights from San Francisco while KLM Buys Renewable Fuel from Neste

(GreenAir Online)  Airline group partners Air France and KLM have each entered into new commitments to purchase sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Air France and Shell have signed a memorandum of undertaking with World Energy through which the airline plans to

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EU’s Increased Demand for Higher Ethanol Blend Could Be Met, Study Shows

(ePURE)  More countries could adopt higher ethanol fuel blends to reduce transport emissions, improve air quality and boost engine performance – without exceeding the existing cap on crop-based biofuels  -- Europe’s need for better-performing, low-carbon fuels to reduce emissions from existing

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CMA CGM Accelerates the Deployment of Marine Biofuel

(CMA CGM Group) CMA CGM has selected Shell to supply tens of thousands of tons of second-generation biofuel derived from used cooking oil; CMA CGM Group ships will be able to travel nearly 1 million kilometers with biofuel; The Group

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The Kodak Moment: The World’s Airlines Consider Their Low-Carbon Options in an Era of Flight-Shaming

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... Now, the airlines were just about the first customers to clamor for advanced biofuels. In 2006, Richard Altman of the recently-formed Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative showed up at one of the earliest advanced biofuels

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The Brave and the Innovative: History Maker Ulla Kiiski

(Neste) You may not have heard the name Ulla Kiiski. But the Finnish scientist’s breakthroughs in inventing renewable, non-fossil diesel are poised to go down in history. “Resilience against difficult odds runs in my blood,” she tells journalist Ninni Sandelius as

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Neste to Supply KLM Additional Sustainable Aviation Fuel for Fights out of Schiphol

(Neste) KLM has purchased sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) for flights out of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. The sustainable fuel is produced by Neste from used cooking oil and will reduce CO2 emissions by up to 80 % compared to fossil kerosene. This

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Thermochemical Technology to Turn Trash to Treasure: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Enerkem’s Waste to Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Taking non-reyclable waste to sustainable chemicals and biofuels is Enerkem’s world. Current products from ‘trash’ include syngas, methanol and ethanol with alternative pathways currently under development. Andrea Redford, Chief Business Development Officer from Enerkem gave this

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MSC Becomes First Major Shipping Line to Use 30% Biofuel Blends

(Mediterranean Shipping Company)  MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) is pleased to announce that the company has started to use biofuel in its vessels calling in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Following successful trials with biofuel blends earlier this year, MSC has decided to

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Trash to Cash – New Anellotech Technology Tackles Plastics Pollution by Recycling Plastic Waste Into Chemicals

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) In New York, breaking news arrived that Anellotech is significantly expanding its program with Plas-TCat, a new process technology aiming to convert a wide range of plastic waste directly into chemicals – which can then

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Shell to Provide Financial Support for Norwegian Biorefinery Project

(Bioenergy International)  Biozin Holding AS has announced that it has entered into an agreement with Shell for financial support of their ongoing work to build a full-scale biocrude production facility in Åmli, Norway. The funding will support ongoing activities as

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Biofuels Production and Consumption in Denmark: Status, Advances and Challenges

by Sune Tjalfe Thomsen and Henning Jørgensen (IEA Bioenergy Task 39 Newsletter)  1. Status of transportation biofuel industry in Denmark -- In Denmark, a considerable part of the total energy demand is derived from renewable sources. In 2017, 26% of

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GARDN, SkyNRG, Waterfall Group and Vancouver Airport Authority Announce Launch of BioPortYVR

(Travel PR News)  The Green Aviation Research and Development Network (GARDN), SkyNRG, Waterfall Group and Vancouver Airport Authority today (November 26, 2019) announced the launch of BioPortYVR, an industry-led project to increase the supply of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). BioPortYVR

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Shell Aviation to Support SkyNRG's Dutch SAF Production Facility Development and Secures Fuel Purchase Option

(GreenAir Online) Shell Aviation has expanded its interests in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) development through an agreement to support SkyNRG’s DSL-01 SAF production plant in Delfzijl, the Netherlands, that is due to be commissioned in 2022. The facility is expected to

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Neste Opens an Office in Melbourne, Australia

(Neste) Neste, the world’s leading provider of renewable diesel and the 3rd most sustainable company in the world*, strengthens its footprint in renewable feedstock sourcing. The company has opened an office in Melbourne to serve Neste’s waste and residue raw material

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Dutch Seaweed-Based Fuel Powers Car to 80 kph in Danish Trial

(Dutch News)  Researchers in Denmark have achieved speeds of up to 80 kph using a car powered by Dutch biofuel made from seaweed. The seaweed fuel was produced by scientists at the TNO research centre in Petten and at Wageningen

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Pyrolysis Party and Who’s the Pilot Steering the Ship? BTG and GoodFuels to Invest in World’s 1st Marine Biofuel Refinery Based on Pyrolysis Oil

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  ... In the Netherlands, BTG and GoodFuels are preparing for major investment in a new biorefinery to support shipping’s low carbon fuels demands. Biomass technology group BTG will set up a new company that can convert

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SHV Energy Joins KLM Corporate BioFuel Programme

(KLM)  Delft University of Technology extends its participation for two-year period  --  SHV Energy has joined the KLM Corporate BioFuel Programme (KCBP). In so doing, SHV Energy will reduce its headquarters’ CO2 emissions by 50%. Additionally, the Delft University of

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Spectacular Delivery of Ready-to-Install Storage Tank to HES Botlek Tank Terminal

(SJR Group)  HES Botlek Tank Terminal B.V. and SJR Group are pleased to announce that the last storage tank which is built offsite will be transported to HES Botlek Tank Terminal, a full subsidiary of HES International B.V., on Friday

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The Long Haul to Getting Aviation Biofuel off the Ground

by Angeli Mehta (Ethical Corporation) With the IPCC warning against growing crops for fuel, Angeli Mehta reports on how LanzaTech, SkyNRG and Velocys are trying to get the next generation of aviation biofuels to scale The first flight using a blend of

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The Race Is on to Repurpose Garbage

by Marc S. Reisch (Chemical & Engineering News)  Despite a spotty track record, companies keep trying to convert trash into energy, fuels, and chemicals  --  ... Local press reports noted weather-related construction delays, a challenge to the plant’s environmental permits,

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World First for Boskalis by Operating a Dredging Vessel on 100% Bio-Fuel Oil

(Royal Boskalis Westminster N.V. ) Royal Boskalis Westminster N.V. (Boskalis) and biofuels supplier GoodFuels are set to take the next key step in the ‘Boskalis on Bio’ program for the testing of sustainable bio-fuel oil. Following earlier successful tests with ‘drop-in’

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50 Million Bucks Says Landfill Is a Viable Energy Source: Suncor Doubles Down on Enerkem

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Canada, news arrived late last week Enerkem closed a $50 million equity investment from Suncor.  What does it mean? Today’s let’s explore that.  As Canada’s leading integrated energy company, Suncor first participated in the ownership of Enerkem

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Neste MY Renewable Diesel Is Now Available in All Baltic Countries, Including Estonia

(Neste) Neste will introduce Neste MY Renewable Diesel™, produced from 100% renewable raw materials, in Estonia during October 2019. During the initial phase, private car owners and heavy-duty vehicle drivers can refuel with renewable diesel at one station in Tallinn, at Kadaka tee

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The Digest's 2019 Multi-Slide Guides to Biogas

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) An organization well worth knowing in the world of biogas, or renewable methane, is the indefatigable group organized as IEA Bioenergy Task 37, an international working group which covers the anaerobic digestion of biomass feedstocks including

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KLM and Microsoft Join Forces to Advance Sustainable Air Travel

(KLM) Today KLM and Microsoft signed a Letter of Intent in Washington to explore cooperation focused on sustainable air travel. The agreement includes commitment to purchase Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), which has the potential to reduce up to 80 percent

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European Biofuel Facility Opens in Antwerp, Belgium

(Targray) Targray has announced the full opening of its Antwerp Biodiesel Terminal, a 24/7 biofuel storage and blending center serving fuel producers, distributors, traders and retailers in markets throughout Europe. Strategically located at the heart of Europe’s largest petrochemical center, Targray’s

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What You Need to Know about Using FPBO on Your FCC Unit

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In the liquid energy market, it's no longer enough to have fuels which are "affordable and available but not sustainable", or "sustainable and available but not affordable". We've lived for a long time on "two out

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The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Commercializing Conventional and Advanced Transport Biofuels from Biomass and Other Renewable Feedstocks

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Several of the better known IEA Bioenergy rock stars — there are four and possibly five in this set, from the US and Canada, so we’ll put them sort of on a par with Neil

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Board Now Leads the Way towards Sustainable Flying

(Board Now)  Launch of SkyNRG’s ground-breaking program paves the way to sustainable aviation; 85 per cent reduction of emissions as a result of sustainable aviation fuel  -- Today (October 3, 2019), a significant step will be taken towards sustainable flying. Dutch

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Face Fungus, Sustainable Camping Gear, Stationery Made from Stone, Renewable Naphtha, Hydrogen-Powered Tugboat: The Digest’s Top 10 Innovations for the Week of October 4th

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  October has arrived with fall fashion, and amongst our offerings this week, the latest in face fungus, sustainable camping gear and apparel. For those looking for a sustainable statement, why not stationery made from stone.

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“The Mindset Is There, We Need the Technologies and to Integrate Them: The Time Is Now”: Looking at Enerkem’s Evolution and the Rise of the Circular Economy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Enerkem has been famed as a plaform for producing ethanol from municipal solid waste. Yet, there’s methanol as a platform. There’s also the possibility of moving from syngas to ethylene. There’s methanol to olefins, which

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World's First Combined 2G Ethanol and Crude Lignin Oil Biorefinery Inches Closer to Reality

(PressAT/Vertoro) Sainc Energy Limited (Sainc), a London-based developer of biomass refineries, has entered into a definitive supply contract for 180,000 tons per annum of local olive tree prunings for its planned advanced bio-refinery at Villaralto, in Cordoba Province, Andalusia, Spain. The bio-refinery will

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Meelunie Joins Forces with GoodShipping Program to Decarbonise Its Ocean Freight

(GoodShipping) Meelunie, a leading global supplier of plant-based ingredients, and the GoodShipping Program have joined forces to decarbonise Meelunie’s Asian ocean freight, the companies have announced today. Meelunie, which exports to over 100 countries around the world, becomes the latest company to

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demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National 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Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm 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pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable diesel pipelines Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/RED III) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps 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Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solaris Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Southeast Asia Southern Africa Soviet 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