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Air Quality Impacts of Palm Biodiesel in Indonesia

by Jane O’Malley, Stephanie Searle, and Tenny Kristiana (International Council on Clean Transportation) As Indonesia moves toward more advanced vehicle emission standards, lower sulfur limits in fuel, and palm biodiesel expansion, it

January 16, 2021 Read Full Article

Cielo Provides Positive Update on its Production Levels, Signs a Research Agreement with the University of Calgary and Will Host a Live Webinar on Thursday, October 22nd

(Cielo/The Newswire) Cielo Waste Solutions Corp. (“Cielo” or the “Company”) is pleased to provide an update on its production levels at its facility in Aldersyde, Alberta (“Facility”). While Cielo’s initial goal

October 16, 2020 Read Full Article

Advanced Biofuels USA Publishes Updated “What’s the Difference between Biodiesel and Renewable (Green) Diesel?” Adds “What Renewable Fuels Can Be Used in Compression Ignition Engines?”

(Advanced Biofuels USA) Since 2011, one of Advanced Biofuels USA’s most popular publications has been “What’s the Difference between Biodiesel and Renewable (Green) Diesel?”  The update of this paper has

June 8, 2020 Read Full Article

Joint Evolution: Technology Providers Have Adapted Their Pretreatment Offerings as the Biodiesel Industry Evolved to Rely More on Waste Feedstocks, and as Renewable Diesel Emerges.

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  … Markus Dielacher, CEO of BDI-BioEnergy International, says many companies offering pretreatment systems came from the vegetable oil side. “They started with clean feedstock and

April 15, 2020 Read Full Article

Discovering New Uses and Markets for Ethanol

by Carrie Muehling (Energy.AgWired.com)  The 2020 National Ethanol Conference included a panel discussion on new uses for ethanol, moderated by Erik Huschitt, CEO and General Manager of Badger State Ethanol, LLC.

February 28, 2020 Read Full Article

Hapag-Lloyd to Lower CO2 Emissions Using Biofuel

(Hapag-Lloyd)  Hapag-Lloyd is bunkering “bio”: To reduce the CO2 emissions generated by operating ships, one of its ships recently refuelled in Rotterdam with a new, eco-friendly biofuel. For the first

February 4, 2020 Read Full Article

IMO 2020: What Fleets Need to Know and How to Prepare

by Bill Zobel (Trillium/ACT News)  Will the looming IMO 2020 sulfur regulation impact domestic diesel prices? How on-road fleets can turn to domestically produced fuels to avoid price volatility.  — There’s

December 6, 2019 Read Full Article

Like Fine Wine, Smellin’ Fine: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Anellotech’s Aromatics

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Fine wine takes time but it’s so worth it when you gather that first aroma of a freshly opened bottle…and Anellotech shows us that the

November 18, 2019 Read Full Article

Pyrolysis Party and Who’s the Pilot Steering the Ship? BTG and GoodFuels to Invest in World’s 1st Marine Biofuel Refinery Based on Pyrolysis Oil

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  … In the Netherlands, BTG and GoodFuels are preparing for major investment in a new biorefinery to support shipping’s low carbon fuels demands. Biomass technology group

November 18, 2019 Read Full Article

Neste’s IMO 2020 Low-Sulfur Marine Fuel Available in Germany

(Neste Corp./Biodiesel Magazine) Neste and the German BMT Bunker und Mineralöltransport GmbH have signed a partner agreement concerning distribution and sales of Neste Marine 0.5. This new marine fuel, containing maximum 0.5

November 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Gevo Announces Breakthrough Development of Low-Carbon No Particulate Renewable Diesel

(GEVO)  Converting Isobutanol or Fusel Oils to Renewable Diesel  — Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ: GEVO) a leading renewable fuels and chemicals manufacturer, announced today that it has developed proprietary, breakthrough processes that converts either

September 6, 2019 Read Full Article

Consumption, U.S. Recession in 2020, Oil-Led, Says Prominent US Economist

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Florida at the 24th National Ethanol Conference, US energy economist Phil Verleger said “I don’t see how we get through this in 2020 without a

February 13, 2019 Read Full Article

OPINION: UST Corrosion Blame Game Continues

by Cassie Mullen (Renewable Fuels Association/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  … (B)iofuel opponents will continue to blindly blame ethanol for corrosion in underground storage tanks (USTs). However, ethanol is not the culprit, and retailers

January 3, 2019 Read Full Article

Bioenergy Australia Makes Case for Alternative Liquid Fuel

(ATN Fully Loaded) Industrial and economic gains seen along with emissions reductions  —  Hard on the heels of a union critique of the nation’s fuel reserves policy, Bioenergy Australia has released a

December 4, 2018 Read Full Article

Feature: Bunkering Sector Mulls Biofuel Use in New 2020 Sulfur Standards

by  Emma Kettley, George Griffiths, Tamara Sleiman (S&P Global Platts)  As the bunkering industry gears up for the International Maritime Organization’s tighter sulfur emission standards from 2020, some market participants have

September 24, 2018 Read Full Article

Andeavor to Convert Dickinson Refinery to Renewable Diesel

by Helena Taveres Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) In Texas, Andeavor announced a project to convert the Dickinson Refinery to process 12,000 barrels per day of renewable feedstocks, including soybean oil and distillers corn oil,

August 13, 2018 Read Full Article

An Emerging Alternative Marine Fuel: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to Methanol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The marine sector consumes 370 million metric tonnes of bunker fuel per year, and stakeholders desire a viable pathway to low- & no-carbon marine fuels. The

July 24, 2018 Read Full Article

$200 Oil in 2020? The Impending Energy Crisis and Biofuels’ Role in Relieving the Refining Capacity Crunch

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  “The global economy likely faces an economic crash of horrible proportions in 2020, not for want of a nail but want of low-sulfur diesel fuel,” writes

July 24, 2018 Read Full Article

The Digest’s Top 10 Innovations for the Week of June 6th, 2018

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The pace of invention and change is just too strong, we’ve realized, to highlight annual or even quarterly or monthly rankings and summaries of significant product

June 6, 2018 Read Full Article

Hidden Costs Behind the IMO’s New Regulations For Marine Biofuels: EIA Webinar Review

by Michael Eggleston* (Advanced Biofuels USA) Challenged by strict, binding international targets to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and sulfur levels in fuels it is estimated that by 2020 the

May 24, 2018 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Manhattan Institute

The Manhattan Institute looked at “zero emission vehicles” and found: Broad-based adoption of ZEVs will increase overall emissions of sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and particulates, compared with the same

May 15, 2018 0 comment Read Full Article

Short Circuit: The High Cost of Electric Vehicle Subsidies

(Manhattan Institute)  Many claim that “zero-emissions vehicles” (ZEVs), especially battery-powered electric vehicles, should replace most, if not all, cars and trucks powered by gasoline-burning internal combustion engines. The primary rationale is

May 15, 2018 Read Full Article

Bacterial Growth Due to Biodiesel Affects Underground Storage Tanks: Thousands May Need to Be Replaced

by Peter van Ammelrooy  (de Volkskrant (google translation))  Thousands of underground storage tanks for diesel will probably have to be excavated and replaced in the coming years. By adding biodiesel, since

March 5, 2018 Read Full Article

As Ships Risk “Unseaworthy” Rating, Warns IMO, Bioenergy Is a Key to Saving Them

by Ron Cascone (Nexant)  Reuters reported on November 16, 2017 an International Maritime Organization (IMO) declaration that ships not meeting stack sulfur emission limits through reductions in the sulfur content of their

December 12, 2017 Read Full Article

ACEA Conference: What Will Power Our Trucks, Vans and Buses in the Future?

(Automotive World/European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association)   In line with the objectives of the European Commission’s Mobility Package, the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA) held an event on Wednesday 29 November to

December 5, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

Scania Will Provide Clean Buses to 20 Major Cities

(Scania) Scania today joins the Global Industry Partnership on Soot-Free Clean Bus Fleets with a commitment to, by 2018, provide modern soot-free buses to 20 major cities in Africa, Asia, Latin

October 10, 2017 Read Full Article

Neste’s Taking Action on Climate Change Examines Changes in Energy and Transport Markets

(Neste Corporation)  Neste has published a business environment outlook called Taking Action on Climate Change. It discusses key changes taking place in the energy, transport and chemicals markets. As global commitment to tackle climate

October 10, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

PCJ Biodiesel Blend to Cut Oil Imports and Boost Agricultural Sector

by Rochelle Williams (Jamaica Information Service)  Jamaica could save hundreds of millions in energy costs per year, while reducing the country’s reliance on imported fossil fuels and creating a boost for

August 7, 2017 Read Full Article

Any Tax on Biodiesel Discourages Users, Killing This Sunrise Industry

by Sandeep Chaturvedi  (Biodiesel Association of India/Business Standard)  Biodiesel is being promoted world over as a green fuels to mitigate harmful exhaust emissions from diesel vehicles. Biodiesel besides helping in reducing

January 25, 2017 Read Full Article

Drivers Get Cleaner Air, Added Costs as Taxes, Premium Gas Rise

by Laura Blewitt (Bloomberg Markets)  Need high-octane for that BMW? New sulfur curb boosts the cost; Seven U.S states pile on with higher tax rates for 2017  —  A new federal

January 6, 2017 Read Full Article

Clean Diesel: Fueling a Decade of Change / Recognizing the 10-year anniversary of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel this Clean Air Month

(Diesel Technology Forum)  Ten years after the introduction of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel in 2006, the Diesel Technology Forum recognizes the role of the shift to cleaner diesel fuel and

May 11, 2016 Read Full Article

From February 2016: Approval for Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO): Mercedes-Benz Truck Models Approved for Alternative Fuel HVO

(Daimler)  Approval for trucks with heavy-duty OM 470, OM 471 engines as well as medium-duty OM 936 and OM 934 variants; Use of HVO validated by extensive testing; maintenance intervals unchanged; The

February 23, 2016 Read Full Article

Aemetis Distilled Biodiesel Solves India’s Unhealthy Air Quality

(CNN Money/Market Watch/Aemetis)  New Delhi Has the Worst Air Pollution in the World — Aemetis, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMTX), an advanced renewable fuels and biochemicals company, announced that distilled biodiesel produced by

October 7, 2015 Read Full Article

Scientific Symposium on the Toxicology of Alternate Fuels

(EurekAlert)   “Biofuel” has become a global buzzword, with cars and trucks powered by fuel made from corn, corncobs and stalks, switchgrass and even waste oil from cooking french fries, envisioned

September 13, 2013 Read Full Article

Marine Biofuel Plant Planned for Development in Denmark

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine)  The Denmark-based Port of Frederikshavn, Canadian biofuel company Steeper Energy, and Denmark-based Aalborg University have announced a partnership to develop a biofuel plant in Denmark

September 13, 2013 Read Full Article

CME to Require Biofuel Free Diesel for New Heating Oil Spec

(Reuters)  CME Group said on Tuesday that the specification of its heating oil contract from May 2013 will contain no renewable fuel or biodiesel, matching the “Grade 62” of ultra-low

January 23, 2013 Read Full Article

Audi, Joule Ink Partnership, as Joule Heads for Scale with $1.28 per Gallon Advanced Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Joule continues to move out of stealth and into the light with its transformative Sunflow-E and Sunflow-D fuels, made biologically from waste CO2, sunlight and

September 17, 2012 Read Full Article

RFA Says Ethanol is Not to Blame for Diesel Fuel Corrosion Incidents

by Kristy Moore (Renewable Fuels Association)  Over the past 5 years, the RFA has been closely following the oil industry’s investigation into a recent rash of corrosion incidents in storage

September 13, 2012 Read Full Article

Diesel Cars Make a Comeback in the U.S.

by Julia Pyper  (Scientific American/ClimateWire)   Sooty, finicky diesel engines are a thing of the past, boosting prospects for the fuel-efficient automobiles in America …On average, about 85 percent of the particle

April 30, 2012 Read Full Article

Algal Diesel Outperforms Petrodiesel 2-1 in New Study

(Algae Industry Magazine)  A  team of scientists at the Argonne National Laboratory has published a paper in IOP Science’s Environmental Research Letters comparing the emissions performance of algal biofuels to

March 28, 2012 Read Full Article

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tree nuts Hong Kong hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrids hydrocarbon fuels hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen fuel cells hydrogenolysis hydrogen price hydrogen pumps hydropower hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois illuppai ILUC (Indirect Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indiana Indian beech tree Indian grass indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial ethanol industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insects insurance integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine internal combustion engine/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kamani Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactose Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars Lipid liquefaction liquid liquidation liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M3 M15 M50 M100 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Bio- Renewable Fuel marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts mass balance standard Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methan methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks methanization Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol nahar Namibia nano nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gasoline natural gas prices natural gas vehicles Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick Newfoundland new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds NTSB nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) offtake agreements Ohio Ohio Wisconsin oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrochemical photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot scale pine pineapple pine beetle pine nut pinion pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control 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railroad rainforest rain tree RAND rare earth metal RD20 RD30 RD99 RD100 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED and RED II) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion retail retrofit return on investment R Factor RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island Ricardo rice rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rotation crops royalties RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass s saccharification Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC SAK Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar sal tree salt water Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed-to-wheel seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solaris solid oxide fuel cell Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Dkota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soybean prices soybeans soy meal Spain spartina specifications sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel Sugar Beets/Energy Beets sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugars sugars-to-fats sugar standards sulfur Sumatra sunflower supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweetgum sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas syngas fermentation synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree Tamarix tank-to-wheel tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool tools Toronto torrefaction Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Fuels Policy; carbon removal Transportation Policy Treasury Department trees Trinidad and Tobago triticale trucks tubers tung tunicate 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