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Palm Biofuel, Agro-Based Pharmaceuticals, Others Can Replace Petroleum, Says Ikuenobe

(The Guardian)  … Oil palm can fetch Nigeria as much revenue as the crude oil can so said the Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Godwin Emefiele. But self-inflicted

May 21, 2020 Read Full Article

Zimbabwe Bio Energy Sets the Record Straight Regarding Nuanetsi Ranch

by Chantal Riley (My Press Portal/PR Worx)  Following recent inaccurate media reporting, Zimbabwe Bio Energy (ZBE) wishes to set the record straight with regards to Nuanetsi Ranch. The Development Trust of Zimbabwe

March 21, 2019 Read Full Article

Why Investors Ditched Sh2tr Biofuels Projects

by Ludger Kasumuni (The Citizen)  Several investors have abandoned their $1 billion (Sh2.3 trillion) biofuels projects in Tanzania, according to a survey by BusinessWeek. Mtamba Biofuel Farm in Kisarawe, Coast Region.

January 11, 2019 Read Full Article

Chipinge Villagers Sue Greenfuel to Stop Seizure of Communal Land

(Radio VOP)  VILLAGERS in Chipinge, Manicaland province have dragged ethanol producer, GreenFuel to court to stop it from occupying their communal land and interfering with their farming activities. Represented by Passmore Nyakureba and

December 14, 2018 Read Full Article

Oyo Compensates Owners of Land Acquired for Cassava Plantation

(The Guardian Nigeria)The Oyo State government has paid compensation to about 77 families whose lands were acquired recently for mass production of cassava in Otu, near Iseyin. The Commissioner for

March 23, 2018 Read Full Article

Bill Aims to Dismantle RFS, Limit Biofuel Blending

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  On March 8, Rep. Peter Welch, D-Vt., and Sen. Tom Udall, D-N.M., introduced companion bills that aim to dismantle the Renewable Fuel Standard and sunset

March 9, 2018 Read Full Article

A Sit Down with Conrad Rautenbach from Green Fuel

(The Herald)  Fuel prices shot up recently before Government intervened by reducing import duty on fuel to stem the price madness that rose as a result. Questions have been raised as

February 19, 2018 Read Full Article

Biofuel Potential in Southeast Asia: Raising Food Yields, Reducing Food Waste and Utilising Residues

(International Renewable Energy Agency) Southeast Asia has considerable resources to produce liquid biofuels sustainably, using biomass feedstocks that would not cause carbon-dioxide emissions or interfere with food supply. Fulfilling the region’s

July 25, 2017 Read Full Article

Foreign Investment in U.S. Farmland on the Rise

By Johnathan Hettinger and Robert Holly with additional reporting by Jelter Meers (Midwest Center for Investigative Reporting)  In 2013, the Chinese firm Shuanghui received wide public attention when it purchased

July 7, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

New Research: Forcing Local Peoples off Their Lands Drives Almost Two-Thirds of Conflicts Between Companies and Local Communities in Africa

(RightsAndResources.org)  Experts at Dakar event point to a significant cause of investment losses, work stoppages and violence across Africa: the failure of governments and companies to respect the land rights

February 17, 2017 Read Full Article

The Yield Dividend: 5-10X Increase in Sorghum Opening New Options for Africa?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … In South Africa,, Chromatin and Zaad Holdings have entered into an alliance to produce and distribute planting seed for grain and forage sorghum throughout the

April 1, 2016 Read Full Article

Biofuels Production Plan already in Action

by Boyd Webb (IOL News)  Once home to millions of displaced black South Africans, former homelands are expected to become the heart of the country’s biofuels production. Minister of Agriculture

October 19, 2015 Read Full Article

Biofuels, Oil Palm and Agribusiness in Southeast Asia – Planning for Sustainability?

(Stockholm Environment Institute)  This brief draws together SEI research done between 2011 and 2014 on agribusiness developments – especially of oil palm – in Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, and the Philippines.

September 29, 2015 Read Full Article

Summary of Incorporating Bioenergy in Sustainable Landscape Designs Workshop Released

(US Department of Energy)  BETO recently published a report summarizing the proceedings of the second Incorporating Bioenergy in Sustainable Landscape Designs Workshop, held June 24–26, 2014, in Argonne, Illinois. The workshop

August 27, 2015 Read Full Article

Future Farm, Future Crop: Utopia or Dystopia? Parts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of 5

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  As America’s farmers hit retirement age and technology options explode, what comes next? … The average age of the US farmer reached 58.3 years in

August 10, 2015 Read Full Article

Ghosts of Problems Past and Present Loom over Nigerian Palm Oil Plans

by Greg Norman (Mongabay.com)  … Cross River State, a coastal jurisdiction in southeastern Nigeria, still bears the marks of the country’s agricultural heritage when it was the world’s largest palm oil producer.

June 3, 2015 Read Full Article

Integrating Place-Specific Livelihood and Equity Outcomes into Global Assessments of Bioenergy Deployment

by Felix Creutzig, Esteve Corbera, Simon Bolwig and Carol Hunsberger (IOP Science)    Integrated assessment models suggest that the large-scale deployment of bioenergy could contribute to ambitious climate change mitigation efforts.

October 30, 2013 Read Full Article

Biofuels Producers Hunting Foreign Fields

by Mackinnon Lawrence (Forbes)  … Companies like SG Biofuels, Ceres, and others are squarely focused on biotechnology innovation, involving complex biological modifications at the crop’s cellular and genetic level.  The central focus of these

October 25, 2013 Read Full Article

Bio-Fuel Production Threatens Ghana’s Agriculture – Director

(Ghana Business News)  Mr Cyril T. Quist, Brong Ahafo Regional Director of  Agriculture,  has said mining and biofuel  production in the country posed a threat to agriculture. He said efforts

October 21, 2013 Read Full Article

One-Sided Report on Biofuels Cost is Wrong

by Rob Vierhout  (ePURE/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  … The “accountancy-model” IISD used was one-sided, looking only at government expenditure but leaving out of the picture the revenues the industry is generating for

September 25, 2013 Read Full Article

Is Ethanol Starving Africa?

by Amar Toor (The Verge)  Accusations of land grabbing revive debate over “food versus fuel”  … But some experts say that when it comes to biofuels and food security, it’s

September 20, 2013 Read Full Article

Biofuels and the Straw Man

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  …ActionAid UK released a report this week focusing on the story of Addax Biofuels in Sierra Leone. As Addax points out, it was not given

September 4, 2013 Read Full Article

Zimbabwe: Chisumbanje Workers Appeal to President

(AllAfrica.com)  Villagers and workers in Chisumbanje and surrounding areas want President Mugabe to intervene and save the US$600 million Chisumbanje Ethanol Plant from total collapse. The plant, owned by Green

March 13, 2013 Read Full Article

Myths and Facts about Bioenergy in Africa

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In the Netherlands, PANGEA (Partners for Euro African Green Energy) is launching today a booklet outlining Myths and Facts about Bioenergy in Africa. The brochure

March 12, 2013 Read Full Article

Corporations, Investors ‘Grabbing’ Land and Water Overseas

by By Brian Bienkowsk (Environmental Health News)  As a growing population stresses the world’s food and water supplies, corporations and investors in wealthy countries are buying up foreign farmland and the

February 19, 2013 Read Full Article

EU Biofuels Policy Still Driving the Second Scramble for Africa

(ActionAid)  At a seminar on biofuels in Dublin yesterday, David Barissa, a leading expert on food security and land rights from ActionAid Kenya spoke of the litany of broken promises,

February 15, 2013 Read Full Article

Villagers, Police Clash over Disputed Land

by Obey Manayiti (News Day)   Dozens of angry villagers last week fought running battles with Zimbabwe Republic Police officers over disputed land between villagers and Green Fuel in Chisumbanje. The

January 1, 2013 Read Full Article

Govt Urged to Empower Small Farmers in Biofuel Production

by Gerald Kitabu  (IPP Media)  The government of Tanzania has been urged to localise biofuel commercial production by empowering small farmers in terms of training, loans and marketing. The call

December 27, 2012 Read Full Article

Tanzania: Villagers Cry Foul On Bio-Fuel Investments

by Ashery Mkama   (AllAfrica.com)   Villagers from Kilwa and Rufiji districts have requested the government to involve them in implementation of bio-fuel projects and investments in which huge tracts of

December 14, 2012 Read Full Article

Kenyan Biofuel Dream Proves Elusive for Alberta Firm

by Sara Mojtehedzadeh  (Edmonton Journal)  Bedford Biofuels’ plantation is stalled, and along with it the company’s promise to provide jobs and cash for community development …Though this is an arid and

December 3, 2012 Read Full Article

In Indonesia and Malaysia, as Demand for Palm Oil Grows, So Do Environmental, Labor Concerns

by Jason Motlagh (The Washington Post/Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting)  Long a preferred cooking ingredient in developing countries, palm oil is now in greater demand in Western markets because of

November 29, 2012 Read Full Article

Govt Urged to Reduce Land Size Granted to Biofuel Businesses

(IPPMedia/The Guardian Reporter)  The government has been urged to reduce the maximum land size of each bio-fuel developer from the proposed 20,000 ha to 10,000 ha and give investors conditions

November 27, 2012 Read Full Article

False Hope: The Harmful Promotion of Agrofuels in Asia and Canada

by Jack Litster  (CCCI-CCIC)  When the price of agrofuel production finally became economically competitive with the high price of oil around 2005, a debate soon opened up about whether transport

November 17, 2012 Read Full Article

EU Must Ensure Biofuel Producers in Indonesia Respect Land Rights

(The Guardian)  Tighter EU rules on biofuel production are failing to protect the land rights of Indonesia’s indigenous communities …To understand the scale of the problem, Sawit Watch (sawit means palm oil in

November 12, 2012 Read Full Article

Zimbabwe: Chisumbanje's Ethanol Can Transform People's Lives – Mangoma

(All Africa)  The Chisumbanje Ethanol Project, if properly managed has the potential of bringing about meaningful development that can change the lives of the people and turn around the fortunes

October 15, 2012 Read Full Article

World Bank Rejects Call to Halt Land Deals

(Newstime Africa)  The World Bank has rejected a call to suspend its involvement in large scale agricultural land acquisition following the release of a major report by the international aid

October 15, 2012 Read Full Article

Shell Scraps Controversial Biofuels Plan after Brazilian Indian Protest

(SurvivalInternational.org)  …But some of its sugar cane is grown on land claimed by the Guarani tribe, one of the most persecuted and impoverished in South America. Their leaders are regularly killed by

June 30, 2012 Read Full Article

JOil Sees Tripling of Jatropha Productivity over Next Eight Years through Application of Biotechnology

(PRNewsWire/Moneylife)  Scientific findings and process on biofuel crop presented in a paper delivered at INSULA (International Scientific Council for Island Development) / RSB (Roundtable for Sustainable Biofuels), Conference in UNESCO, Paris

January 23, 2012 Read Full Article

The Big Land Grab: What’s at Stake for Biofuels, and You?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)   Biofuels Digest senior editor Meghan Sapp, in her other role as Secretary-General of the Europe-based PANGEA (Partners for Euro-African Green Energy), released her organization’s

December 13, 2011 Read Full Article

Africa’s Farmland in Demand: ‘Is There a Better Place than This?’

by Rick Westhead (The Star)  …Indian industrialist Sai Ramakrishna Karuturi has his eye on this lush scenery, too, but he sees something much different: the potential for large-scale commercial farming.

December 5, 2011 Read Full Article

Agrisol’s $100 Million Land Deal Opposed by US Environment Group

by Kevin Kelley (The East African)  A leading US environmental group is opposing the planned purchase of 325,000 hectares of land in Tanzania by an American company. …Opponents charge that

November 28, 2011 Read Full Article

AMG Bioenergy Resources Holdings Ltd.: Update on Acquisition of Plantations

(AMG/MarketWire)  AMG Bioenergy Resources Holdings Ltd. (the “Company”) (TSX VENTURE:ABG), a Canadian publicly traded company, wishes to provide an update on the progress of its acquisition of a 133 hectare

November 28, 2011 Read Full Article

UK Firm’s Failed Biofuel Dream Wrecks Lives of Tanzania Villagers

by Damian Carrington (The Guardian/The Observer)  The collapse of Sun Biofuels has left hundreds of Tanzanians landless, jobless, and in despair for the future “People feel this is like the return

November 2, 2011 Read Full Article

Tanzania: Sun Biofuels Jatropha Project in Kisarawe Suspended

by Finnigan Wa Simbeye    (AllAfrica.com)  An ambitious biodiesel project which was allocated over 8,000 hectares of land by Kisarawe district officials in 2008 is in trouble. Employees and casual

October 7, 2011 Read Full Article

From the Parliament: Opposition Warns against Rukwa Bio-Fuel Project

(The Daily News)  THE government has been warned against allocating over 320,000 hectares of prime land in Rukwa Region to an American agro-firm, Agrisol Energy, which is seeking to undertake

September 14, 2011 Read Full Article

Guarani Indians in Southern Brazil Have Called on Shell to Withdraw from their Ancestral Land, Where the Oil Giant Produces ethanol from Sugar Cane, According to a Native Rights Group.

(Radio Netherlands Worldwide)  “Shell must leave our land… The companies must stop using indigenous land,” said Ambrosio Vilhalva, a Guarani from the Caarapo municipality in the southern state of Mato

September 8, 2011 Read Full Article

Food Security Not Necessarily Threatened By Biofuels

(Rainharvest)  To achieve “win-win outcomes” for bio-energy, food security and poverty reduction, we must recognise that these outcomes are possible. This is what Prof Lee Lynd, of Dartmouth College and

July 18, 2011 Read Full Article

Biofuels Land Grab in Kenya’s Tana Delta Fuels Talk of War

(Guardian News and Mail)  Gamba Manyatta village is empty now, weeds already roping around the few skeletal hut frames still standing. The people who were evicted took as much of

July 5, 2011 Read Full Article

African Case Study: Palm Oil and Economic Development in Nigeria and Ghana; Recommendations for the World Bank’s 2010 Palm Oil Strategy

by Thompson Ayodele (Initiative for Public Policy Analysis)  Forward by  Dr. Matthew O. Eshalomi:  Growth and prosperity of an economy are central to the longterm reduction in poverty for both economic

August 24, 2010 Read Full Article

Deforestation and Exploitation in Papua’s Plantations Boom

(Environmental Investigation Agency)  Field investigations by the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) and Telapak reveal that ill-prepared indigenous Papuan communities are being enticed, tricked and sometimes coerced into releasing large swathes

November 11, 2009 Read Full Article

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Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices Feedstocks feedstock storage feedstock transportation fermentation ferry fertilizer F Factor fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch/FT Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax Fleets fleet turnover fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) Flightpath flight tests flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources forestry Forest Service fossil carbon fossil fuel fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) free fatty acids (FFA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon Gambia games gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline-range hydrocarbons gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gas prices gas tax/highway user fee General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government subsidies grains grain sorghum/milo grain speculators GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green/black economy green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery GREET model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP h Haiti Halophytes harvesting harvest site processing Hawai'i hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ health health benefits health effects heat-tolerance heating oil/fuel heat of combustion heat of vaporization Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Honge tree nuts Hong Kong hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrids Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrocarbon fuels hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen hydrogen aircraft hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen fuel cells hydrogenolysis hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indiana Indian beech tree Indian grass indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesi Indonesia industrial ethanol industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine internal combustion engine/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactose Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel 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strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 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North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil/gas terminals oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peaches 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tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation 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