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bp Leads Industry Taskforce to Achieve Update to Defence Standard for Renewable Aviation Fuel

(bp) bp has successfully led a taskforce to achieve approval from the UK Ministry of Defence for co-processing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) with up to 30% renewable hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty acids HEFA feedstock concentration, a significant increase from the current

May 09, 2025 Read Full Article

Global Bioenergies’ Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Has Been Tested in Collaboration with Safran on the Injection Phase, and with ONERA on the Combustion Phase.

(Global Bioenergies) The Company supplied a batch of SAF to Safran, the world’s second-largest aircraft equipment manufacturer, to evaluate the specific properties of Global Bioenergies’ SAF, used in its neat form, during the fuel injection phase prior to combustion in the

April 02, 2025 Read Full Article

Jet Aviation to Supply SAF during World Economic Forum

(Private Jet Card Comparisons)  Jet Aviation will supply sustainable aviation fuel, or SAF, at its Zurich FBO during the World Economic Forum 2025. For the fourth year, General Dynamics’ private aviation subsidiary has worked with Zurich Airport to make SAF available on-site for

January 14, 2025 Read Full Article

Boeing Provides Guidance on SAF Usage for Defense Aircraft

(Boeing)  “No Technical Objection” clears way for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) use at approved blending limits on Boeing-built military aircraft -- Boeing [NYSE: BA] has released guidance to defense customers that company-built military aircraft can operate on sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) at

July 24, 2024 Read Full Article

Flight Tests Show Aircraft Reduced Contrails and Soot Emissions with 100% SAF

(Aerospace Testing International)  Results from flight testing the use of 100% blends of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) in commercial aircraft have shown a reduction in the amount of soot and contrails they emit compared to conventional Jet A-1 fuel. The Emission and

June 10, 2024 Read Full Article

Oxford Airport Receives First Delivery of Sustainable Aviation Fuel

by Charlotte Bailey (Pilot) 10% and 30% blended SAF will now be available onsite -- Oxford Airport has received its first deliveries of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), which will initially be offered in both 30% and 10% ratios to complement the airport’s

May 17, 2024 Read Full Article

Co-Processing SAF: Standards, Incentives and Regulation

by Maria J. L. Perez and Milica Folić (Topsoe/Biomass Magazine) ... One method of SAF production, known as co-processing, has emerged as a viable solution in the here and now. But what are the regulations and standards that producers need to

May 08, 2024 Read Full Article

Renewable Diesel (HEFA) Plant Conversions for Maximum SAF Production

by Mark Robertson (Lee Enterprises/Biofuels Digest) Renewable diesel (“RD”) and sustainable aviation fuel (“SAF”) can be produced by hydrotreating virtually any type of biogenic feedstock lipid (oil). In processes involving hydrotreated esters and fatty acids (“HEFA” processes), the most common feedstocks

January 24, 2024 Read Full Article

Jet Aviation to Provide Sustainable Aviation Fuel during the World Economic Forum 2024

(Avionics International)  Jet Aviation announced today that it has secured a supply of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) for visitors during the World Economic Forum (WEF) 2024. This is the second time Jet Aviation has provided on-site SAF in Zurich for visitors

January 12, 2024 Read Full Article

Leonardo and Pratt & Whitney Canada Achieve First 100% SAF Flight with PT6C-67C-POWERED AW139 Helicopter

(Leonardo)  Leonardo and Pratt & Whitney Canada today (December 7, 2023) announced the successful completion of the first flight for a AW139 intermediate twin helicopter, powered by PT6C-67C engines, using 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). Accomplished at Leonardo’s facility in Cascina

December 29, 2023 Read Full Article

Sustainable Aviation Fuels: Parts 1-4: What Is SAF? Why Use SAF? Economics of SAF. Politics of SAF.

by Gaulthier Blangez*  (Time to Fly and Advanced Biofuels USA)  Advanced Biofuels USA, in collaboration with Time to Fly, is proud to publish a guide to sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) for a general audience, for corporations working on ESG (environment, social and

October 24, 2023 Read Full Article

GE Aerospace Fuels Expert: SAF is Here to Stay

by Chelsey Levingston (GE Aerospace) ... Despite the current low volumes, speaker Gurhan Andac, GE Aerospace engineering fuels and fuel additives leader, points out that SAF is here to stay. Earlier this year, standards-setting organization ASTM International approved an eighth way to make

October 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Rolls-Royce Completes Next Step on Its Journey to Decarbonising Business Aviation

(Rolls-Royce) Rolls-Royce (LSE: RR., ADR: RYCEY) today (October 16, 2023) announces the successful completion of a series of tests with 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) on its latest generation of business aviation engines, the Pearl 15 and the Pearl 10X. The

October 19, 2023 Read Full Article

Maintenance: Industry Looks to All-Synthetic SAF

(National Business Aviation Association)  Multiple initiatives to spur production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) will soon lead to greater availability to business aviation operators. Even as today’s SAF blends come into their own, engine manufacturers and airframe OEMs are already looking

August 25, 2023 Read Full Article

Private Aviation Has Pledged to Reach Zero Carbon Emissions by 2050. Here’s How That Can Happen.

by Michael Verdon (Robb Report) ... Another question is how to expand the availability of sustainable aviation fuel (which can reduce carbon emissions by up to 80 percent over conventional Jet A fuel) and bring down its price. Business-jet manufacturers

March 06, 2023 Read Full Article

EA Explores Production of Biofuel for Aircraft

by Yuthana Praiwan (Bangkok Post/Aviation Pros) Energy Absolute is conducting research to convert palm oil-based biodiesel into biofuel for aircraft in a move to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of air transport. SET-listed Energy Absolute (EA), a renewable energy and electric vehicle developer

December 07, 2022 Read Full Article

Sustainable Aviation Fuel Reduces Airbus’ Scope 1 Emissions

(Airbus/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Airbus is reducing its CO2 footprint with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Today, reduced-carbon fuel is being increasingly used on Airbus sites and activities where a direct impact on carbon emissions can be made. In line with its purpose

November 28, 2022 Read Full Article

GE Honda Completes 100 Percent SAF Testing On HF120 Engine

by Kate O'Connor (AvWeb)  GE Honda Aero Engines (GHAE) has completed ground testing of its HF120 engine using 100 percent sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), the company announced at the 2022 NBAA Business Aviation Convention & Exhibition. The test, which compared engine

October 25, 2022 Read Full Article

Repsol and PLD Space Develop Renewable Fuels for Microlaunchers

(Repsol) - The alliance of these two Spanish companies, unprecedented in the space segment, combines technology and sustainability. -The main challenge of the agreement is to formulate new renewable rocket fuels and reduce the carbon footprint by 90% or even

October 24, 2022 Read Full Article

Bacteria for Blastoff: Using Microbes to Make Supercharged New Rocket Fuel

by Aliyah Kovner (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)  ... Well aware of the advantages biology has to offer, a group of biofuel experts led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) took inspiration from an extraordinary antifungal molecule made by Streptomyces bacteria to

July 04, 2022 Read Full Article

Embraer and Pratt & Whitney Complete 100% SAF Flight Testing of GTF-Powered E195-E2 Aircraft

(Embraer) Embraer and Pratt & Whitney have successfully tested a GTF-powered E195-E2 aircraft on 100% sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The test, with one engine running on 100% SAF, validated that GTF engines and the E-Jets E2 family can fly on

July 04, 2022 Read Full Article

Sustainable Aviation Fuels: Part 1: What is SAF?

by Gaulthier Blangez*  (Time to Fly and Advanced Biofuels USA)  Advanced Biofuels USA, in collaboration with Time to Fly, is proud to publish a guide to sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) for a general audience, for corporations working on ESG (environment,

June 09, 2022 Read Full Article

Japan’s First SAF Helicopter Flight with H215

(Airbus)  Airbus Helicopters in Japan and Japan’s leading helicopter operator Nakanihon Air (NNK) have jointly performed the country’s first ever helicopter flight powered with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). NNK’s H215 helicopter conducted a 30-minute flight at Nagoya Airport in Aichi Prefecture

June 03, 2022 Read Full Article

GE Aviation Completes Testing of Passport Engine Using 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(GE Aviation)  GE Aviation has recently completed successful testing of its Passport long-range business aviation engine using 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), a lower carbon alternative jet fuel. The Passport engine can operate on approved SAF today, and the recent testing shows

May 31, 2022 Read Full Article

Will GA Have a Fuel Problem?

by Julie Boatman (Flying Magazine) With avgas a boutique product and jet-A supplies in mitigation, experts see price volatility rather than more shortages ahead, for general aviation. ... What About SAF? Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has entered the picture in a significant way—if

May 10, 2022 Read Full Article

GE Aviation Joins the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials to Help Advance Sustainable Aviation Fuel in the Aviation Industry

(GE Aviation)   GE Aviation, a world-leading provider of aircraft engines, systems and services, has recently joined the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) to further advance its ambition to be a net-zero company by 2050 and help the aviation industry decarbonize. By becoming

May 09, 2022 Read Full Article

JBEI’s Aviation Program: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Joint BioEnergy Institute

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  6 DOE National Labs and 6 Universities are partners with the Joint BioEnergy Institute to help transform the maximum amount of carbon available in bioenergy crops into biofuels and bioproducts. From the importance of jet

January 03, 2022 Read Full Article

GE Aviation Looks to Test Catalyst Using 100% SAF

by Jerry Siebenmark (AIN Online) Through a partnership with the Czech Technical University in Prague (CVUT), GE Aviation Czech will begin testing in 2022 the use of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) in its new Catalyst turboprop engine. The goal of the

December 29, 2021 Read Full Article

Bristow Completes Flight to Offshore Operations Using Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(Bristow/Biobased Diesel Daily) Bristow Group Inc. announced Dec. 10 it completed an offshore revenue flight using sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), marking one of the first SAF-powered flights to an offshore operation in the U.K. Continental Shelf. The aircraft flew from Aberdeen

December 14, 2021 Read Full Article

Airlines Want to Make Flight More Sustainable. How Will They Do It?

by Leigh Krietsch Boerner (Chemical & Engineering News)  Air travel produces millions of metric tons of carbon dioxide each year. New technologies could help airlines reduce their emissions and meet their sustainability goals -- ...  Airlines are trying to reduce

November 18, 2021 Read Full Article

Emirates and GE Aviation Commit to Test Flight Programme Using 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Reduce CO2 Emissions

(The Emirates Group)  Emirates and GE Aviation have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop a programme that will see an Emirates Boeing 777-300ER, powered by GE90 engines, conduct a test flight using 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) by the

November 18, 2021 Read Full Article

To What Extent Can Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) Mitigate the Environmental Impact of Flying?

by Mike McCurdy and Angus Reid-Kay (ICF)  ... Since SAF is operationally identical and certified as “Jet-A1” fuel, no changes are required in aircraft or engine fuel systems, distribution infrastructure, or storage facilities. That allows SAF use as an interim—and

November 11, 2021 Read Full Article

A Digest Exclusive Q&A with Bryan Stonehouse, Head of Aviation Sustainability & Risk, Shell Aviation

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) From SAF size and scale, Shell’s plans for scaling up, fuel use and blends and more, check out this Digest exclusive Q&A with Bryan Stonehouse, Head of Aviation Sustainability & Risk at Shell Aviation. ... Shell recently

November 02, 2021 Read Full Article

Sustainable Aviation Fuel Introduced for the First Time at Gatwick Airport through a Collaboration between Neste, Q8Aviation, easyJet and Gatwick Airport Ltd

(Neste) With the first one departing today, a total of 42 easyJet flights operating from Gatwick Airport are to be powered by a 30 percent Neste MY Sustainable Aviation Fuel™ blend. This important milestone marks the first time a departing flight at Gatwick

October 21, 2021 Read Full Article

Skyservice™ Is First Full Service Business Aviation Provider in Canada to Offer Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Private Aircraft Clients

(Skyservice) AirSprint is the company’s first customer to operate with SAF fuel  --  As part of its commitment to environmentally responsible operations in the air and at its facilities, Skyservice Business Aviation (Skyservice™), Canada’s leader in business aviation, is pleased

October 11, 2021 Read Full Article

S-92® Helicopter Completes First Flight Using Biofuel

(Lockheed Martin) Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company leading the way towards a more sustainable aviation future  -- Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company [NYSE: LMT] has approved the use of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), often referred to as biofuel, for the S-92

September 23, 2021 Read Full Article

Amyris, Total to Begin Marketing Farnesane-Based Sustainable Aviation Fuel

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) In California, Amyris and Total announced they will prepare to market a drop in jet fuel that contains up to 10% blends of renewable farnesane, following on from the newly revised ASTM standard for

September 10, 2021 Read Full Article

SWISS Becomes First Commercial Airline to Fly from Switzerland with Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(SWISS) SWISS has established the first-ever end-to-end logistics chain for importing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) to Switzerland in collaboration with various partners. This makes SWISS the first commercial airline to use SAF in its scheduled flight operations from Switzerland. Thanks to

July 14, 2021 Read Full Article

Centreline Partners Air bp to Supply SAF

(Biofuels International)  Centreline AV has partnered with Air bp to supply Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) from its base at Bristol Airport in the UK. Centreline has invested in the infrastructure to supply SAF as part of its commitment to reduce

May 21, 2021 Read Full Article

Earth Day 2021 Series Day 7: Flying Green

by Gaulthier Blangez* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  What are we talking about?  Do you know that airlines' activities, from passenger transportation to freight are responsible for two to three percent of anthropic emissions yearly according to the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

April 07, 2021 Read Full Article

Bjorn’s Corner: The Challenges of Hydrogen. Part 4. Hydrogen Safety in Aviation

by Bjorn Fehrm (Leeham News and Analysis) In our series on hydrogen as an energy store for airliners we are closing in on the design problems for a hydrogen-fueled airliner.  One of the aspects we must understand before discussion aircraft solutions are

January 28, 2021 Read Full Article

World Fuel to Supply Gevo’s Sustainable Jet Fuel for First of Its Kind European Demonstration Event

(Gevo)  Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ: GEVO) announced today that it is supplying its sustainable and renewable alcohol-to-jet fuel (ATJ) to World Fuel Services Corporation, for use in business jets at the first ever European Fueling the Future: SAJF demonstration held at TAG

May 21, 2019 Read Full Article

The Compelling Case for Biojet Fuel

by Jess Hewitt and Jonathan Lewis (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest)  ... Many people are confused by the term “biojet,” and the many other terms used to describe this “new fuel”. There is a standard specification that describes this product. Turbine (jet)

April 02, 2019 Read Full Article

Air BP Invests in New Fuelling Infrastructure to Supply Bergen Airport, Norway

(BP) Air BP has invested in upgrades to its fuel infrastructure at Dolvik terminal in Norway. The newly upgraded terminal, which has the capacity to store eight million litres of aviation fuel, will deliver Jet A-1 via pipeline to Norway’s second

November 15, 2018 Read Full Article

JBEI Researchers Produce High Density Jet Fuel Precursors from Bacteria

(Green Car Congress)  Researchers with the US Department of Energy (DOE) Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), with colleagues in China, have produced the tricyclic sesquiterpenes epi-isozizaene, pentalenene and α-isocomene—promising jet fuel feedstocks—at high production titers, providing novel, sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based jet

October 24, 2018 Read Full Article

Neste and Air BP Enter into Innovative Industry Collaboration to Support Sustainable Aviation Fuel Supply Chain Development

(BP) Neste, the world’s leading renewable products producer, and Air BP, the international aviation fuel products and services supplier, have entered into an agreement to explore opportunities to increase the supply and availability of sustainable aviation fuel for airline customers. Through

October 12, 2018 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to ARA’s ReadiJet Drop-in Renewable Fuel Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ReadiJet contains the same molecules and has the same performance as petroleum jet fuel, all while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It meets Jet-A, Jet-A1, JP-5, JP-8 fuel specifications without the need for blending with petroleum.  ReadiJet

August 15, 2018 Read Full Article

Is It the End or Just the Beginning for Jatropha?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... In Botswana, jatropha’s adventures are just beginning according to the Ministry of Minerals Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security’s advisor, Freddie Motlhatlhedi. He was referring to a joint research project done by Botswana and Japan that shows

July 25, 2017 Read Full Article

Old Carbon, New Jet Fuels: The Digest’s 2016 Multi-Slide Guide to LanzaTech’s ATJ Jet Fuel Tech

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  LanzaTech’s gas fermentation platform disrupts the current highly centralized global energy system by enabling the regional production of low-cost energy from local wastes and residues, including gases as varied as industrial flue gas, gasified biomass

December 30, 2016 Read Full Article

Renewable Fuels for all Transport Modes: The Digest’s 2016 Multi-Slide Guide to Byogy Renewables

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Byogy has developed a catalytic platform that converts any source of ethanol, butanol, mixed alcohols, or related olefins, into full replacement, and cost competitive biofuels including gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. Byogy’s jet fuel is

December 01, 2016 Read Full Article

Gevo, Lufthansa Rock Markets with Renewable Jet Fuel Deal

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Colorado, Gevo has entered into a heads of agreement with Lufthansa to supply Gevo’s alcohol-to-jet fuel from its first commercial hydrocarbon facility, intended to be built in Luverne, MN. The terms of the agreement

September 09, 2016 Read Full Article

Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research: Reducing Global Carbon Emissions (2016)

by Committee on Propulsion and Energy Systems to Reduce Commercial Aviation Carbon Emissions; Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (National Academies Press) The primary human activities that release carbon

June 01, 2016 Read Full Article

Gevo’s Alcohol to Jet Fuel Clears Key ASTM Hurdle

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  First commercial test flight with Alaska Airlines comes closer In Colorado, ASTM International Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and Subcommittee D02.J on Aviation Fuel passed a concurrent ballot this week approving the

April 04, 2016 Read Full Article

SAS Takes off with Biofuel in the Tank

(SAS)  SAS is the only Scandinavian airline to be taking part in Avinor’s biofuel project at OSL, which from January 22 will ensure regular delivery of the most eco-friendly aircraft fuel. This will make OSL the first international airport where

January 26, 2016 Read Full Article

Shell India to Build New Demo Biofuel Plant in Bangalore

(Biofuels International)  Shell India Markets, the Indian arm of Royal Dutch Shell, has announced plans to build a five tonne/day biofuel demonstration plant using IH2 technology on the site of its new technology centre in Bangalore, India. IH2 technology is a

January 14, 2016 Read Full Article

Branched Ketone Biofuels as Blending Agents for Jet-A1 Aviation Kerosene

by Joseph Donnelly, Richard Horton, Kesavan Gopalan, Chris D. Bannister, and Christopher J. Chuck (Energy & Fuels) In this investigation a range of ketone biofuels produced from the alkylation of isoamyl alcohol and isobutanol were examined as potential blending agents with Jet

December 28, 2015 Read Full Article

Mission Incomplete

by Katie Fletcher (Biomass Magazine)  The U.S. Department of Defense has yet to purchase alternative fuels beyond testing and demonstration purposes, but intentions remain.  --  In July, the U.S. Government Accountability Office published a report observing U.S. Department of Defense

November 03, 2015 Read Full Article

Western Pacific (WESTPAC) Solicitation SP0600-14-R-0077: Annual Bulk Petroleum Purchase for Western Pacific and Middle East Regions

(Defense Logistics Agency)  The WESTPAC Purchase Program covers the annual bulk petroleum requirements under the Western Pacific and Middle East Regions (F76, JA1, JP5, JP8, and RME180). Cost savings strategies under this solicitation include a minimum lift guarantee of 90%

June 17, 2014 Read Full Article
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Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Congressional Review Act Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude lignin oil (CLO) crude oil Cruise Ships Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi Customs and Border Protection cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping dual-fuel/flex fuel ships Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy 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mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol hybrid methanol price Methanol-to-Gasoline Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Energy Council National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American 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open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose 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rhododendron Ricardo rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value 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