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Carbon Dioxide and the Green Gases Agenda

by Sam A. Rushing (Advanced Cryogenics/Biofuel Digest)  ... Carbon dioxide is generally thought of by those who are not in the gases industries as either a greenhouse gas; and/or for use in beverage carbonation, and perhaps fire abatement. To those in the

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US Carbon Pipeline Company Pledges No Oil Recovery, but Bakken Drillers Want It

by Leah Douglas (Reuters) Summit Carbon Solutions, which is trying to build the biggest carbon dioxide capture pipeline in the United States to transport and bury greenhouse gases, has repeatedly pledged its project will not be used by drillers to boost

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These Ethanol Plants Want to Bury CO2 in Kansas to Cut Their Carbon Footprints

by Calen Moore and Celia Llopis-Jepsen (KMUW/NPR)  Kansas has three carbon dioxide pipelines. Next, it could get two carbon sequestration wells, linked to ethanol plants. Here’s what we know. Two companies seek to build the first sites in Kansas where carbon dioxide emissions

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Another Attempt to Block Carbon Pipelines from Using Eminent Domain Fails

by Joshua Haiar (South Dakota Searchlight)   Another legislative attempt to stop a proposed carbon sequestration pipeline from using eminent domain failed Monday.  “It is up to us to defend South Dakotans’ property rights,” said Rep. Jon Hansen, R-Dell Rapids, the prime sponsor of

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Carbon Dioxide and the Green Gases Agenda

by Sam Rushing z9Advanced Cryogenics/Biofuels Digest) ... What has become particularly interesting today, and the focus of this article, are ‘green’ applications for the product (CO2). This can include uses from agricultural in nature, such as commercial closed greenhouse CO2 enrichment

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CO2 Pipeline Projects Struggle to Gain Traction

by Christopher E. Smith (Oil & Gas Journal)  A much larger pipeline network than that already used for enhanced oil recovery would be needed for carbon capture, storage, and sequestration (CCS) to meet national greenhouse gas reduction goals. Estimates published

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Carbon Capture and Storage in the United States

(Congressional Budget Office) CBO examines the status, federal support, and future potential of carbon capture and storage—a process that removes carbon dioxide from the emissions of power plants and industrial facilities and stores it permanently underground. -- To help reduce U.S. emissions

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Q&A: Carbon Pipeline Execs Say Ethanol’s Future Hangs in the Balance

(South Dakota Searchlight)  ...  If South Dakota’s ethanol industry does not reduce the amount of heat-trapping carbon dioxide it emits into the atmosphere, the industry’s future is grim. That’s according to two top executives of the remaining carbon-capture pipeline company hoping to

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SD Farm Bureau Takes Stance on Carbon Pipelines

by Carah Hart (Brownfield Ag News)  “(I)f a pipeline or proposed pipeline has two-thirds of landowners along the line who have voluntarily signed easements, the company should be able to use eminent domain on the rest.” South Dakota Farm Bureau has new

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Analysis: US Carbon Capture Pipeline Setbacks Reflect Challenges in Climate Fight

by Leah Douglas (Reuters)   A series of permit rejections for two high-profile carbon pipeline projects in the U.S. Midwest could bode poorly for carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a widespread solution to climate change, reflecting deep-seated public concern about its

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DOE Announces $17.2 Million to Use Carbon Dioxide for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Unconventional Reservoirs, Combined with Carbon Storage DEADLINE December 13, 2023

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM) today announced up to $17.2 million to evaluate the potential for unconventional oil production through a combined process that uses captured carbon dioxide

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The Carbon Dioxide Industry: A Merchant & Sequestration Perspective Today

by Sam A. Rushing (Advanced Cryogenics, Ltd/Biofuels Digest) ... The ethanol industry accounts for the highest percentage of merchant CO2 supply to adjacent refining plants, than any other sectors; approximately 45% of the approximate 110 merchant CO2 sources which have CO2

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Why Injecting CO2 Underground Is a Legal Morass

by Shelby Webb (E&E News Energywire) ... As oil and gas companies rush to build carbon sequestration projects — in hopes of taking advantage of increased tax credits in the Inflation Reduction Act — states are scrambling to answer questions about

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Bill Aims to Create Clean Transportation Standard in Minnesota

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine) Legislation currently pending in Minnesota aims to establish a clean transportation standard that would require the state’s transportation fuels to achieve 100 percent reduction in carbon intensity (CI) by 2050. The standard would phase in with a

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Midwest CO2 Pipeline Rush Creates Regulatory Chaos

by Mike Soraghan  (E&E News Energywire)  A complicated question is looming in the Midwest over plans to build thousands of miles of carbon dioxide pipelines: Who would regulate them? The answer could affect the Biden administration’s hopes for a massive buildup of

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A Blue State Asks: Is Carbon Capture Part of Climate Agenda?

by Jeffrey Tomich (E&E News/EnergyWire) ...  Less clear, however, is whether (Gov. J.B) Pritzker and Illinois’ Democratic-led General Assembly are willing to embrace carbon capture — a third rail of climate politics — as a complementary solution. While carbon capture technology and its

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Sen. Jeff Magrum Files 8 Bills Related to Summit Carbon Solutions Pipeline

by Jeff Beach (InForUm) Summit Carbon Solutions says its $4.5 billion pipeline project will help ethanol plants and corn growers but has been met with resistance from landowners. -- The controversial Summit Carbon Solutions carbon capture pipeline has spawned at least

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Big Oil Talks ‘Transition’ but Perpetuates Petroleum, House Documents Say

by Steven Mufson and Timothy Puko (Washington Post) ... For more than a year, the committee (House Oversight Committee) has been investigating a handful of major oil companies, along with two of the biggest trade groups in Washington, the American Petroleum

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Fossils, Fertilizers, and False Solutions: How Laundering Fossil Fuels in Agrochemicals Puts the Climate and the Planet at Risk

(Center for International Environmental Law) Fertilizers and pesticides are interdependent inputs to a destructive food production model that is contributing to catastrophic biodiversity collapse, toxic pollution, and the violation of human rights. But there is an often-overlooked dimension of the threat

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Global Carbon Capture Capacity Due to Rise Sixfold by 2030

(Bloomberg NEF) More than $3 billion has been invested in carbon capture so far in 2022 -- The global capacity for carbon capture in 2030 is set to increase sixfold from today’s level, to 279 million tons of CO2 captured per

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Where Should We Permanently Store Carbon Dioxide Removed from the Atmosphere?

(Heirloom Carbon) ...  There is only one location big enough to permanently store the 6–10 billion tons of CO2 the world needs to be capturing from the atmosphere each year by 2050 to mitigate the worst impacts of climate change —

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The Persistence of Myth and Energy Infrastructure

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) If you’ve been around the renewable fuels movement, lately the renewable fuels industry, for any length of time, you’ve seen quite a few advocates and champions debunking what they contend are untrue urban legends. Indirect Land Use

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Troubled Carbon Capture Projects Dog US DOE ahead of New Spending Spree

by Karin Rives (S&P Global) ... The San Juan plant is not the only carbon capture project receiving funds from the federal government that has struggled to become operational. With a lot more money coming, how the U.S. government allocates it

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Hennen: The CO2 Boom

by Scott Hennen (InForUm) Columnist Scott Hennen writes that North Dakota Gov. Burgum likens the state's burgeoning CO2 industry to the creation of the Bakken in western North Dakota. -- North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum is excited about a "giant new

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Over $40M Investment to Kickstart $20B in Carbon Capture Projects

(Emissions Reduction Alberta/Carbon Capture Magazine) The Government of Alberta is investing over $40 million through Emissions Reduction Alberta (ERA) in 11 projects focused on advancing the province’s global leadership in carbon capture utilization and sequestration (CCUS). If successful, these projects could

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The Ethanol Industry’s Commercial Capture

by Katie Schroeder (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  CO2 from corn ethanol plants is a great candidate for capture and sequestration because it is so clean. That also makes it a versatile and critical product for myriad commercial and industrial uses. -- 

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Summit Carbon Solutions Equity Campaign for 5-state Carbon Capture Project Reaches $1 Billion in Commitments

(Forum News Service/Dickinson Press)  Summit Carbon Solutions is proposing to build the world's largest carbon capture and sequestration project. Ethanol plants in Atwater and Granite Falls, Minnesota, are part of the project. -- Summit Carbon Solutions announced Wednesday that it has

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Breaking It Down Tax Credit Incentives for Carbon Sequestration: Potentially the Most Impactful U.S. Policy to Battle Climate Change

by Bryen Alperin, Gary Blitz, Sarah Grey, Steve Whittaker, John Koenig, John Pierce, and Jason Kuzma  (Carbon Capture Magazine) The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 expanded the 45Q tax credit, the most important federal incentive for encouraging private investment in

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Proponents Say Storing Captured Carbon Underground Is Safe, But States Are Transferring Long-Term Liability for Such Projects to the Public

by Nicholas Kusnetz (Inside Climate News)  As companies propose storing carbon dioxide in depleted oil fields or saline aquifers, some states are putting themselves on the hook for future problems with the projects. --  As states rush to enact rules and

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Giant Grass Miscanthus: Bioethanol Source with Negative CO2 Balance

(University of Hohenheim)  European collaborative project led by the University of Hohenheim shows: Combining bioethanol production with carbon storage can effectively reduce CO2.  A significant reduction in greenhouse gas is feasible. This is the conclusion reached by researchers at the University

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“Super Developing” Carbon Capture: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Carbon America

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Carbon Americashared this illuminating slide guide at ABLC Connect highlighting how they are a “super developer” with developing, building, financing, owning and operating carbon capture and sequestration projects. They also have their own cryogenic flue

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Occidental Is Eyeing California’s Clean Fuels Market to Fund Texas Carbon Removal Plant

by Nicholas Kusnetz (Inside Climate News) The oil company plans to remove carbon from the atmosphere and pump it into the ground to extract oil in the Permian Basin. Some climate activists fear the new technology is a cover for continuing

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Costs, Challenges, Current Projects: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Carbon Capture

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  There are synergies with carbon capture and biofuel processes. This ABLC slide guide from Dave Collings at 1898 & Co. looks at the challenges of biofuels, where and how much CO2 is being produced and

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Infinium™ Enters into Strategic Alliance with Denbury for Ultra-Low Carbon Fuels Projects in Texas, Continuing Development Momentum

(Infinium)  Innovative electrofuels technology is aimed at decarbonizing the transportation sector -- Infinium, a clean fuels innovator, announced today that the company has entered into a strategic alliance with US energy leader Denbury (NYSE: DEN) to collaborate on developing ultra-low carbon

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Carbon and Hydrogen Hubs Part 1: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to GPI’s Atlas

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  What are the major components of a carbon and hydrogen hub? What’s the latest on carbon management and removal in the U.S.? How can hydrogen work as a decarbonization solution for the U.S.? What is

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Shell’s Massive Carbon Capture Plant Is Emitting More Than It’s Capturing

by Anya Zoledziowski (Vice World News)  A new Global Witness report found that it has the same carbon footprint per year as 1.2 million gas-powered cars.  -- A first-of-its-kind “green” Shell facility in Alberta is emitting more greenhouse gases than it’s

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New IEAGHG Report: 2021-02 CO2 as a Feedstock: Comparison of CCU Pathways

(IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Program) A range of carbon dioxide capture technologies have been developed, including amine-based routes and calcium looping methods, some of which are now considered to be at technology readiness level (TRL) 9. These technologies have been deployed

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Khanna Targets Enhanced Oil Recovery

by Matthew Choi (Politico's Morning Energy)  Rep. Ro Khanna, who led the House Oversight Environment Subcommittee’s probe into the oil and gas industry earlier this year, wants to end tax credits for carbon capture that is used to pump more

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New IEAGHG Report: 2021-02 CO2 as a Feedstock: Comparison of CCU Pathways

(IEAGHG) A range of carbon dioxide capture technologies have been developed, including amine-based routes and calcium looping methods, some of which are now considered to be at technology readiness level (TRL) 9. These technologies have been deployed across the world in

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What We Know about Two Carbon Capture Pipelines Proposed in Iowa

by Donnelle Eller (Des Moines Register)  ... Two companies — Summit Carbon Solutions and Navigator CO2 Ventures — want to build pipelines that will be used to move carbon dioxide captured from ethanol, fertilizer and other agricultural industrial plants. The companies plan to

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Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) in the United States

by Angela C. Jones and Ashley J. Lawson (Congressional Research Service)  Carbon capture and storage (or sequestration)—known as CCS—is a process that involves capturing man–made carbon dioxide (CO2) at its source and storing it permanently underground. CCS could reduce the amount of CO2—an

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Whitecap Resources Inc. Partners with Federated Co-operatives Limited to Reduce CO2 Emissions in Saskatchewan

(Whitecap Resources Inc./CISION) Whitecap Resources Inc. ("Whitecap" or the "Company") (TSX: WCP) is pleased to announce that it has signed a memorandum of understanding ("MOU") with Federated Co-operatives Limited ("FCL") to use Whitecap's expertise in carbon capture utilization and storage ("CCUS") to

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The Oil Industry’s Bright Green Energy Future

by Mike Newman (Parhelion Underwriting) The Oil industry is under pressure on many fronts in the climate change era and faces an existential threat from alternative, renewable sources of energy – but the industry is also best-positioned to win the

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Biprtisan Infrastructure Bill Includes $25 Billion in Potential New Subsidies for Fossil Fuels

by Alleen Brown (The Intercept)  Instead of reducing the role of fossil fuels in the economy, critics say, the bill subsidizes industry “greenwashing.” ... The latest draft bill would make fossil fuel companies eligible for at least $25 billion in new

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Burying CO2 Deep in ND’s Geology May Combat Climate Change. Is It Financially Feasible?

by Adam Willis (Forum News Service/Twin Cities Pioneer Press) For some of North Dakota’s legacy industries, like coal power, the future could depend on the capacity of companies to deliver on bold promises around carbon capture. The pricey and so far

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Lawsuits Target Exxon’s Social Media ‘Green Washing’

by Maxine Joselow  (E&E News Climatewire) Two years ago, Exxon Mobil Corp. took to Twitter to promote its research into algae biofuel. The oil giant tweeted a photo of swirling beakers of bright green liquid to its hundreds of thousands of followers. "We’re researching

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Back to the Stone Age, or Everything I Really Needed to Know about Solving Climate Change, I Learned from Fred Flintstone

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  As someone once observed, the Stone Age did not end because we ran out of stones, and the Petroleum Age is not going to end because we ran out of petroleum. Rather, needs and technologies will

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Carbon Capture Is a No-Brainer Solution for Companies Facing Net-Zero Policy Goals

by Ian Palmer (Biofuels Digest) ... Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an escape hatch, or an offset, to be used if there are “leftover” GHG emissions.  If a country is on a pathway to reduce GHG to zero by a

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Big Oil (Probably) Isn't Going Away Anytime Soon. But It's Definitely Changing

by Camila Domonoske (NPR) ... European companies – such as French multinational Total and British-based BP – are staking big bets on a pivot from oil to renewable power. Meanwhile, American giants are staking smaller sums of money on more nascent

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From Biodiesel, DME to Carbon Capture, PT Pertamina Realizes Sustainable Green Economy

(Antara News) In the framework to run the direction of the President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) regarding the Grand National Energy Strategy for energy transformation and strengthening green economy, green technology and green products, PT Pertamina (Persero) continues to prioritize various energy

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New Milestone for Carbon Capture and Storage: Red Trail Energy and EERC Near Commercialization of CO2 Storage Technology

by Patrick C. Miller (UND Today)  After nearly 20 years of researching and developing carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies as a means of mitigating climate change, the UND Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) is on the verge of seeing the science

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Kinder Morgan Seeks to Expand CO2 Business in Clean Energy Push

by Sergio Chapa (Bloomberg News) Pipeline giant Kinder Morgan Inc. plans to expand its carbon-capture business, joining the ranks of major oil and gas companies capitalizing on clean energy investing. Fueled by a push to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, carbon capture and

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Carbon Capture Coalition Applauds Introduction of Bipartisan Senate Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Tax Credit Amendments Act

(Carbon Capture Coalition)  Robust Legislation Addresses Top Two Coalition Priorities from New Federal Policy Blueprint -- The Carbon Capture Coalition today endorsed the bipartisan Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Tax Credit Amendments Act. The bill was introduced in the U.S. Senate

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U.S. Grains Council, Growth Energy, RFA Comment on Proposed Canada Clean Fuel Regulations

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) In Washington, D.C., the U.S. Grains Council, Growth Energy and the Renewable Fuels Association submitted joint comments to Environment and Climate Change Canada, regarding its proposed Clean Fuel Regulations, noting the importance of allowing renewable fuel

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North Dakota Bill Would Benefit CCS Projects at Ethanol Plants

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Representatives of the North Dakota ethanol industry on Jan. 20 testified in favor of a bill that aims to create a sales and use tax exemption for carbon dioxide used for secure geologic storage. The

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Coal, Ethanol Industries Seek Sales Tax Exemption for Carbon Storage Projects

by Amy R. Sisk (Bismark Tribune)  Several North Dakota coal and ethanol plants are inching closer to capturing the carbon dioxide they generate and storing it underground, and they’re asking lawmakers to exempt the practice from sales tax. A similar exemption

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SCALE Act Could Help Ethanol Plants Transport CO2 to Customers

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Reps. Marc Veasey, D-Texas; David McKinley, R-W.V.; Cheri Bustos, D-Ill.; and Pete Stauber, R-Minn., on Dec. 16 introduced the Storing CO2 and Lowering Emissions (SCALE) Act, which supports the buildout of the infrastructure necessary to

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Incentives Spur Investors to Pick Up Pace on Low-Carbon Projects

by Dean Scott (Bloomberg Law) Growing interest in combining federal, state credits in low-carbon projects; Congress’ inaction on 45Q credit extension a worrying sign for new efforts  -- A mix of federal and state environmental incentives are drawing investors towards low-carbon,

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Committee to Review Wyo. Carbon Capture, Utilization

by Jeremy Dillon (County 17/E&E News)  The Senate Environment and Public Works Committee will head to Wyoming this week for a field hearing to analyze the state’s efforts on carbon capture and sequestration.The hearing is likely to provide another opportunity for

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The Door Is Open for Ethanol Producers and CCS

by Roxby Hartley (EcoEngineers/Ethanol Producer Magazine) Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is receiving a lot of traction thanks to two exciting developments in 2018 and 2019: 1)      California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard recognized CCS as a viable pathway to reduce emissions from

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There’s More than One Way to Save the Planet! Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) Another New Market for Bioenergy

by Mike Newman (Parhelion Underwriting/Biofuels Digest)  Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is an important strategy to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigate climate change.  CCS is a process by which large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) are captured, compressed, transported, and sequestered.

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45Q, the Tax Credit That’s Luring US Companies to Capture CO2 -- Cement, Ethanol, and Ammonia Makers Are among Those Looking to Convert Waste Carbon to Cash

by Melody M. Bomgardner (Chemical & Engineering News) ...  The most effective policies, economists and industrialists agree, are those that put a price on carbon. Doing so with a tax could make for a potent policy, but the idea doesn’t

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IRS Unveils 45Q Guidance

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico's Morning Energy)  Almost two years after Congress initially expanded a tax incentive for carbon capture and sequestration projects as part of its 2018 budget bill, the IRS on Wednesday released its initial guidance on how exactly industries

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Carbon Capture Initiatives and 45Q

by Cácia Pimentel* (Advanced Biofuels USA) On February 15th the Center on Global Energy Policy (CGEP) Carbon Management Research Initiative and the Women in Energy program hosted a panel of experts to discuss carbon capture policies and technologies, especially Carbon Capture, Utilization

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The New Carbon Economy: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Waste Carbon Utilization and Management

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Electrification and batteries can’t remove the need for carbon,and a more sustainable economy is not a low-carbon economy as much as it will be a renewable carbon based economy, according to Ian Rowe, Technology Manager at

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Capture Carbon Dioxide to Reduce Climate Change

by John R. Snyder (Post Register)  ...  That is, to reverse climate change, carbon dioxide currently in the atmosphere must be removed and new emissions of CO2 must stop. ... Carbon dioxide from coal and industrial plant emissions and the atmosphere

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Carbon Capture Technologies: Biomass Industry’s Unique Opportunity

by Jessie Stolark (Biomass Magazine/Carbon Capture Coalition)  Spurred by interest and growing recognition of the role biomass can play in mitigating climate change, project developers and policy makers are putting biomass on the map, but perhaps under a name you

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condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel clean fuel production tax credit Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization defossilize Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine internal combustion engine/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation 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oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum 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straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum 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