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Tag "Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI)"

Awestruck by Aquastroke: A New Engine and Its Ethanol+Water Fuel

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A very interesting technology has come to our attention, worth a serious look, it’s a new attack on an old idea, which is the production of

March 2, 2023 Read Full Article

Will Algae Biofuels Become Viable? Pioneers of Commercial Biofuel Production Had to Shut Shop or Diversify Their Portfolio

by Rahul Jain (Down to Earth)  … It can synthesise large volumes of oil (20 times more than that of mustard per acre), grow fast (10 times quicker than terrestrial plants)

September 25, 2022 Read Full Article

Ethanol-Basher Scores 100%…in Idiocy — Anti-Ethanol Writers Must Go!

by Marc J. Rauch (The Auto Channel) …  The focus of my presentations was to talk about the urgent need to educate consumers and consumer influencers about the benefits of ethanol

August 2, 2022 Read Full Article

ANL: Can Farms Produce to the Max and Still Reduce GHG Emissions?

by Kristen Mally Dean (Argonne National Laboratory/Ethanol Producer Magazine) … With new practices, farmers can make farms a net sink of CO2, helping the U.S. reach its goal of achieving net zero

July 8, 2022 Read Full Article

Industry Debunks Ethanol Myths

by Tom Doran (AgriNews) Renewable fuel boosters did some “myth busting” and discussed ethanol’s role in gasoline prices during a June 17 National Corn Growers Association podcast. “Over the years we

July 8, 2022 Read Full Article

The Environmental Price of Clean Energy Is Still Too High: Report

by Erin Marquis (Jalopnik)  Calculating the cost of clean energy is a dirty job, but Ars Technica is here to do it — … This excellent deep dive published by Ars Technica Monday into

May 2, 2022 Read Full Article

Analysis Shows Corn Ethanol’s Energy Balance Is Strongly Positive and Continues to Improve

(Renewable Fuels Association)  Today’s corn ethanol now provides nearly three times the energy used to produce it, according to a new analysis by the Renewable Fuels Association, with some biorefineries approaching a four-to-one

April 20, 2022 Read Full Article

NCGA Requests Study of Wind and Solar Emissions

(Bazarneeti)  Members of the National Corn Growers Association want to see some forms of renewable energy subjected to the same scrutiny that applies to biofuels. On Thursday, members voted to commission a

March 13, 2022 Read Full Article

Letter: Ethanol Checks All the Boxes

by Jan tenBensel (Nebraska Ethanol Board/Lincoln Journal/Star)  Addressing Ron Todd-Meyer’s Local View (“Change. It’s what’s for dinner,” May 25), ethanol checks many boxes for environmental goals. While we wait for

June 4, 2021 Read Full Article

City of Madison to Run More Vehicles on Biodiesel Fuel

by Abriela Thiel (The Badger Herald) ‘This has the short and long-term advantage of making Wisconsin a producer of materials it would otherwise import,’ UW expert says.  — The Wisconsin Soybean Marketing

April 21, 2021 Read Full Article

Deere Bullish on Biodiesel, Renewable Diesel

by Ryan Ghem (SAE International)  … Biodiesel and renewable diesel will lead the way for alternative-fuel integration into the heavy equipment industry, according to Nick Block, director of worldwide marketing,

March 31, 2021 Read Full Article

NREL Reports Sustainability Benchmarks for Plastics Recycling and Redesign

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Researchers developing renewable plastics and exploring new processes for plastics upcycling and recycling technologies will now be able to easily baseline their efforts to current manufacturing practices

January 22, 2021 Read Full Article

Can the U.S. Take Tips from Stockholm to Reduce Our Fossil Fuel Dependence?

by Sadie Tetreault (George Washington University/Planet Forward)  … He (tour guide Zennid) outlined how the metro system in Stockholm is electric and how the public buses run on biofuels. Additionally,

August 21, 2020 Read Full Article

Tomorrow Arriving Today: 5 Technology Platforms to Watch for the 2020s that Are Materially Advancing Now, Despite COVID-19

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … New research shows sustainability has moved from a fringe preference into a core imperative across American life. According to a new survey from clean manufacturing

August 11, 2020 Read Full Article

A Roadmap to the Ammonia Economy

by Tammy Klein (Future Fuel Strategies) Researchers at Monash University in Australia have proposed a roadmap to renewable ammonia being produced in the future at a scale that is significant in

May 14, 2020 Read Full Article

Shell Uses Plastic Waste to Produce Resin Feedstocks

by Stephen Moore (Plastics Today) Shell says that it has successfully made “high-end” chemicals using a liquid feedstock made from plastic waste using a pyrolysis process that is considered a breakthrough

January 23, 2020 Read Full Article

Scientists Turn Carbon Dioxide into Ant Venom Biofuel

by Hannah Osborne (Newsweek) Scientists have created a device that turns carbon dioxide into formic acid—a venom produced naturally by ants that can be used as a biofuel. The prototype

September 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Fossil Fuels Offer a Poor Return on Energy Investment

(University of Leeds) An evaluation of the global energy return on investment for fossil fuels and renewable sources reveals a much more level playing field than previously believed. An enduring

August 23, 2019 Read Full Article

SoCalGas and Electrochaea Announce Commissioning of New Biomethanation Reactor System Pilot Project

(Southern California Gas Co./PR Newswire)  Innovative project with U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory converts renewable electricity into renewable methane for storage in existing natural gas pipelines  —  Southern

August 15, 2019 Read Full Article

Five Myths about Corn: Actually, It’s Not All Genetically Modified — or Unhealthy.

by Laura Reiley (Washington Post)  …  MYTH NO. 5 Biofuels derived from corn can help the environment.  Ethanol, made by fermenting sugars from corn or sugar cane, contains oxygen that enables a car’s engine

August 12, 2019 Read Full Article

Fossil Fuels Are Far Less Efficient Than Previously Thought

by Luke McGrath (Bloomberg)  Fossil fuels, long regarded for their high-energy return on investment, are not as efficient as once thought. In fact, their final yields are not much better than

July 16, 2019 Read Full Article

Farmer and Ethanol Advocate Provides Perspective

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com)  Farmer and Nebraska Ethanol Board member Scott McPheeters joined a diverse panel of agricultural producers at the recent Bayer AgVocacy Forum in Orlando, prior to Commodity Classic.

March 14, 2019 Read Full Article

Carbon Capture, Solar Fuels, Fossil Bubble

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Spain, BIOCON-CO2, a new €7 million EU Horizon 2020-funded research project, has recently kicked-off with intentions of supporting EU leadership in carbon dioxide (CO2) re-use technologies. BIOCON-CO2

August 1, 2018 Read Full Article

Can Climate Change Be Stopped by Turning Air into Gasoline?

by David Fridley and Richard Heinberg  (Renewable Energy World)  The headline of this article was composed simply by rephrasing the title of a popular recent piece in The Atlantic — “Climate Change Can Be

June 20, 2018 Read Full Article

Corn Farmers, Biofuels Have More to Offer

by Mark Sponsler (Colorado Corn/Journal-Advocate)  … Oxygenating gasoline is required under Clean Air Act amendments, and ethanol — with its clean-burning qualities — has long been regarded as the best additive

July 20, 2017 Read Full Article

Second-Generation Biofuels Show Environmental Sustainability Benefits

(Univeristy of Pittsburg/R&D Magazine)  Numerous studies have raised critical concerns about the promise of corn ethanol’s ability to mitigate climate change and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Some of the

May 22, 2017 Read Full Article

Growing Algae for Food and Biofuel Could Cut Greenhouse Emissions

(Environmental Research Web)  Cultivating algae for food and biofuel could make a serious dent in our greenhouse gas emissions, as well as helping to save freshwater resources and reduce deforestation.

January 9, 2017 Read Full Article

Attacking Carbon Intensity, Energy Intensity: The Digest’s 2016 Multi-Slide Guide to the Agile BioFoundry

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  With the Agile BioFoundry project, the National Lab consortium, in partnership with academia and industry, aims to achieve a 40% decrease in the energy intensity

December 27, 2016 Read Full Article

Life Cycle Assessment of Integrated Seawater Agriculture in the Arabian (Persian) Gulf as a Potential Food and Aviation Biofuel Resource

by Brian Warshay, J. Jed Brown, Sgouris Sgouridis (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment)  Prospective evaluation of the lifecycle impacts of aviation biofuel production in Abu Dhabi, UAE based on a production system

December 27, 2016 Read Full Article

Busting the Mythology of Food vs. Fuel

by Jeff Rice (Journal-Advocate) Making ethanol doesn’t rob the hungry of needed nutrition …  Ethanol has long been recognized as an additive to increase octane and help internal combustion engines burn

November 30, 2016 Read Full Article

National USDA Official Highlights Biofuels Investments in Colorado

by Russ Baldwin (The Prowers Journal)  U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm Service Agency (FSA) Administrator Val Dolcini on Monday highlighted the USDA’s recent biofuel-infrastructure investments in Colorado during a

November 7, 2016 Read Full Article

Ethanol from Conventional to Advanced: The Digest’s 2016 Multi Slide Guide to Praj

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Recently, we held a well-attended webinar on the markets and makers of ethanol from conventional to advanced. Here below is a slide deck presented on the

October 14, 2016 Read Full Article

Biofuels versus Gasoline: The Emissions Gap Is Widening

(Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  … Many respected laboratories, agencies, and researchers have used a lifecycle analysis to show that biofuels, particularly advanced biofuels, provide significant carbon benefits compared to gasoline.

September 3, 2016 Read Full Article

Guest Opinion: Misinformation Hurts Ethanol’s Place at Pump

by Mike Lefever (Post Independent/Citizen Telegram)  … In the end, though, I hope your take away is the same as mine; there’s a place at the pump for ethanol, petroleum and other

June 6, 2016 Read Full Article

Implement RFS As Congress Intended

by Tom Buis (Growth Energy/Ethanol Producer Magazine) The renewable fuel standard (RFS) is the most successful energy policy our nation has seen in the last 40 years.  It has created almost

April 12, 2016 Read Full Article

Building a Bioethanol Coalition in the Fight Against Climate Change

by Jan Koninckx (DuPont/Biofuels Digest) … (O)ur call is clear: we must act with the utmost urgency as we work toward solutions to help slow man-made climate change. Transportation contributes

March 15, 2016 Read Full Article

LETTER: Ethanol Is Truly a Homegrown Energy

by Kim Larson (Grand Forks Herald)  … Let us all be reminded, that CRP was never meant to remain as a stationary acreage program. It was expected to perform just as

March 14, 2016 Read Full Article

RFA Analysis Finds Improvement of Corn Ethanol Net Energy Balance

(Renewable Fuels Association/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  An analysis conducted by the Renewable Fuels Association and released March 7 finds the net energy balance of corn-based ethanol at U.S. dry mill biorefineries averages 2.6–2.8,

March 8, 2016 Read Full Article

Biofuels from Algae: A Budding Technology Yet to Become Viable

(Phys.Org)  Despite high expectations and extensive research and investment in the last decade, technological options are still in developing stages and key resources for algal growth are still too onerous

March 1, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

Report: Energy Efficiency of Ethanol Continues to Improve

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Reports recently published by the USDA Office of the Chief Economist and the University of Missouri’s Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute demonstrate that

February 22, 2016 Read Full Article

Ethanol Is a Net Energy Winner

by Monte Shaw (Iowa Renewable Fuels Association/Des Moines Register) Letter to Editor:  I was embarrassed for the University of Northern Iowa to read the recent letter to the editor by professor

November 3, 2015 Read Full Article

University of Vermont Offers Online Bioenergy Certificate Program

UVM’s Bioenergy Professional Certificate provides alternative approaches to traditional energy sources in Biofuels, including: Liquid Biofuels (seed-based biodiesel; bioethanol; algae-biofuels) Solid Biofuels (wood and grass energy) Biogas (farm-based energy) This Certificate Program offers

August 11, 2015 Read Full Article

Drilling into Distillation, Dehydration

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Companies aim to tweak and transform key systems to reduce energy use and resolve bottlenecks. — Optimization efforts most often look at boosting yield,

July 27, 2015 Read Full Article

Ethanol Chronicles Launches Blog to Answer Fuel Critics

By Susanne Retka Schill  (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The Auto Channel recently launched the Ethanol Chronicles to aggregate questions and information on ethanol. The Auto Channel is a focused content channel covering all

July 14, 2015 Read Full Article

Why Biofuels Can’t Replace Oil

by Jude Clemente (Forbes)  … To be a viable alternative for petroleum, a biofuel should provide a net energy gain, offer clear environmental and economic benefits, and not reduce food supplies

June 22, 2015 Read Full Article

Dr. Stephen Mayfield: When Will Algae-based Transportation Fuels Be Economically Viable?

by Stephen Mayfield (International Society for Applied Phycology Newsletter)   I am often asked, “When will algae-based transportation fuels be commercially available?” My answer tends to be that they are available now,

April 17, 2014 Read Full Article

Research Summary: Sequestration of Carbon by Shrub Willow Offsets Greenhouse Gas Emissions

(Extension.org)  Grown for biofuel, energy-efficient shrub willow sequesters carbon below-ground, life-cycle assessment shows.  Shrub willow is a short-rotation woody biomass crop that could be an important part of our renewable

April 1, 2014 Read Full Article

Are Ethanol Fuels Better than Petroleum?

by Robert Moffitt  (Twin Cities Daily Planet)  In response to “Ethanol is a not long term solution,” I’ll begin by saying the author made some valid points. No, ethanol is

September 26, 2013 Read Full Article

New Study: Algae Biofuel Cuts CO2 >50% vs. Petroleum

(Algae Industry Magazine)  Algae-derived biofuel can reduce life cycle CO2 emissions by 50 to 70 percent compared to petroleum fuels, and is approaching a similar Energy Return on Investment (EROI) as

September 20, 2013 Read Full Article

Green Plains CEO Challenges Environmentalists on Corn Ethanol

by Herman K. Trabish (GreenTechMedia) “I invite anyone here, anytime. We’ll show them what we do.” Attention, Union of Concerned Scientists, Sierra Club and other environmental advocates: Green Plains Renewable Energy (GPRE)

August 14, 2013 Read Full Article

Study Shows Ethanol Reducing Footprint

by Cindy Zimmerman (DomesticFuel.com)  A new study indicates that ethanol production is continuing to reduce its energy and environmental footprint. The study, entitled “2012 Corn Ethanol: Emerging Plant Energy and Environmental

May 2, 2013 Read Full Article

Crop-Based Biofuels: A Complex Issue

by Sam Fenwick (E2B Pulse)  In this article, E2B explores the benefits of crop-based biofuels to the UK, the potential impact of a recent EU proposal and the wider issues

April 11, 2013 Read Full Article

Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Paper Says 2050 Food, Fuel Needs Can Be Met

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The world will be capable of meeting its needs for food, fuel and fiber in 40 years, according to a paper from the

March 25, 2013 Read Full Article

Department of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office Comments on Air Force Strategic Studies Quarterly Article: Energy Insecurity, The False Promise of Liquid Biofuels

(US Department of Energy/Department of Defense)  General Comments Although the author has done an extensive literature reading in the biofuels area, the paper does not have any analysis of critical

March 18, 2013 Read Full Article

RFA Releases “40 Facts About Ethanol” Video

(Renewable Fuels Association)  The Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) today released a new video entitled “40 Facts About Ethanol.” It is a fast-paced, up-tempo, animated data-based review of ethanol past, present

February 28, 2013 Read Full Article

Hard Reality – Biofuels Are a Loser, Despite All the Hope and Hype

by Rod Adams (Atomic Insights)  I’ve been spending the past hour or so reading an excellent paper written by a US Naval aviator titled Twenty-First Century Snake Oil: Why the United

February 22, 2013 0 comment Read Full Article

Well-to-Wheels Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Ethanol from Corn, Sugarcane and Cellulosic Biomass for US Use

by Michael Wang, Jeongwoo Han, Jennifer B Dunn, Hao Cai and Amgad Elgowainy (US Department of Energy/IOP Science)  corn-based ethanol production occurring mostly in the US and sugarcane-based ethanol production

February 8, 2013 Read Full Article

New Research on Algae-to-Biofuel Schemes Quantifies Uncertainty

(FIS)  A Cornell University team has used the Monte Carlo approach to quantify the role of uncertainty associated with process parameters in life cycle analysis (LCA) of algae-to-biofuel schemes for

January 24, 2013 Read Full Article

The Biggest Biofuels Myths, DeMythtefied

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  When headlines run dire, ask yourself: are they real?   In today’s Digest, we give you a guide to managing the myth minefield — and

January 11, 2013 Read Full Article

Can Algae-Derived Oils Support Large-Scale, Low-Cost Biofuels Production?

(XS4Green.com)  …John Benemann, Ian Woertz, and Tryg Lundquist, MicroBio Engineering, Inc. (Walnut Creek, CA) and California State Polytechnic University (San Luis Obispo, CA), present the results of an engineering and

December 14, 2012 Read Full Article

Which Biofuels Hold the Most Promise for the Future – Interview with Jim Lane

by James Stafford (Oilprice.com)   Following record droughts across the United States the benefits of the ethanol subsidy were once again

October 14, 2012 Read Full Article

Renewable Energy: Not Just a Nice Idea

by Bruce Dale (Star Tribune) Commentaries: Considered in context, it’s clear that ethanol has an important role to play. A commentary

October 14, 2012 Read Full Article

Corn Growers Tout Ethanol Production Benefits

by Jenni Grubbs (The Fort Morgan Times)  …While most vehicles’ engines cannot run on straight or even large percentages of

September 7, 2012 Read Full Article

University of Texas Studies Energy Benefits of Algae Fuels

(Algae Industry Magazine)  A recent study at the University of Texas at Austin demonstrates that it is theoretically possible to

July 23, 2012 Read Full Article

Perception vs Reality: The 8 Most Common Biofuels Myths

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  …Attacks from the usual opponents are generally in the form of statements that sound vaguely

June 8, 2012 Read Full Article

Natural Gas vs. Energy Innovation

by Kate Bechen  (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The production of ethanol is a complex, energy intensive process. Critics often cite the

January 30, 2012 Read Full Article

MATT HARTWIG: Ethanol’s critics cite outdated, misleading data

by Matt Hartwig (Northwest Florida Daily News) Opinion: In a Nov. 2 editorial (“Florida’s ethanol escapade”), the Northwest Florida Daily

November 10, 2011 Read Full Article

Q&A: Ethanol Plant Leader Has No Regrets in Picking Medina

by Tom Rivers  (The Daily News)  Michael Sawyer, 38, of Geneseo took a gamble in 2005. After eight years in

November 7, 2011 Read Full Article

America Needs More “Fiascos” Like Ethanol

by Matt Hartwig (Renewable Fuels Association)  …All of ethanol’s critics share a common flaw when it comes to their claims

October 31, 2011 Read Full Article

Bruce Dale: Michigan State Chemical Engineer Takes a Critical Look at the Pluses and Minuses of Biofuels

by Stephen K. Ritter (Chemical & Engineering News)  Bruce E. Dale often plays the role of devil’s advocate not only

August 29, 2011 Read Full Article

From Farm to Biorefinery: Ethanol Production Efficiency Improves

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association)  …In this week’s installment of the RFA’s series on efficiency, RFA Vice President Geoff Cooper

August 22, 2011 Read Full Article

Ethanol Industry Weighs Options

by Joseph Morton (World Herald Bureau/Omaha.com)  The ethanol industry is preparing itself for life after federal subsidies. Key tax credits

August 18, 2011 Read Full Article

FREEDOM Has the Power and Energy to Change Your Mind and the World

by Patrick Robinson (West Seattle Herald)  The documentary FREEDOM from husband and wife team of Josh and Rebecca Tickell is aptly

August 11, 2011 Read Full Article

U.Va. Researchers Find High Energy Output From Algae-Based Fuel, But ‘No Silver Bullet’

by Zak Richards (University of Virginia)  Algae-based fuel is one of many options among the array of possible future energy

August 11, 2011 Read Full Article

More Ethanol, Fewer Inputs, Increasing Benefits: More Corn on Fewer Acres, Less Water

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association)  Over the past 30 years, and in particular in the past decade, ethanol production

August 10, 2011 Read Full Article

Coal and Ethanol Are Not Alternative Energy Policy

by Andrew Smolski (OilPrice.com)  …(E)nergy policy is as defunct as ever and on most fronts the US is lagging far

August 10, 2011 Read Full Article

The Energy Return on Investment for Algal Biocrude: Results for a Research Production Facility

by Colin M. Beal, Robert E. Hebner, Michael E. Webber, Rodney S. Ruoff and A. Frank Seibert  (Bioenergy Research)  This study is an experimental

July 29, 2011 Read Full Article

Biodiesel Achieves 5-to-1 Return on Fossil Energy

(American Soybean Association/Southeast Farm Press)   Newly published research from the University of Idaho and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)

July 22, 2011 Read Full Article

Brazil´s Biofuel Drama Goes Global

by Eric Ehrmann (Huffington Post) Speculators hedging uncertainty in world energy markets are again making renewable fuels derived from corn,

May 24, 2011 Read Full Article

Global Biofuels: “Overall Contribution to the Renewables Picture Overlooked.”

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  …“How many New York Times readers would know that global biofuels production is 12 times

May 9, 2011 Read Full Article

Critic of Ethanol Got It All Wrong

by Jeff Zueger  (Inforum.com)  To read Ross Nelson’s column on ethanol (“Ethanol’s promise is empty, “ March 14, Forum), one

March 28, 2011 Read Full Article

The Need for Alternative Fuel: When Biofuels and Genetic Engineering Meet

by Alexander Kunev (The McGill Daily)  …However, getting rid of a system of distribution that encompasses a large network of

March 14, 2011 Read Full Article

You Can Have Your Opinion, but Not Your Own Facts

by Matt Hartwig (Renewable Fuels Association)  That the Houston Chronicle would be anti-ethanol is not surprising to anyone.  It is Houston,

November 11, 2010 Read Full Article

USDA: US Ethanol Production More Efficient than Ever

John Davis (DomesticFuel.com) …In an interview with USDA radio, Harry Baumes, Director of USDA’s Office of Energy Policy and New Uses

September 28, 2010 Read Full Article

USDA Report Shows Improving Corn-Ethanol Energy Efficiency

(US Department of Agriculture)  Harry Baumes, Acting Director of USDA’s Office of Energy Policy and New Uses, says a report that

September 22, 2010 Read Full Article

Ferris: Ethanol from Corn is Net Gain on Energy

(Lansing State Journal)  …A quick response from Tom’s major concern is that, yes, there is a major energy gain in producing

August 25, 2010 Read Full Article

Another Brick in the (Blend) Wall: Key Thresholds and Barriers for Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  …But even were the US EPA to approve E15 ethanol blending, there are some other

August 20, 2010 Read Full Article

Corn Growers Stress Ethanol Efficiency Gains

by Cindy Zimmerman (DomesticFuel)  …Dr. Steffen Mueller, Principal Research Economist for the Energy Resources Center at the University of Illinois

August 19, 2010 Read Full Article

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testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carbon capture and storage (CCS) carbon capture and utilization (CCU) carbon cost carbon credit carbon credit markets carbon cycle carbon debt Carbon Dioxide (CO2) carbon efficiency carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI) carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax carbon tax-and-dividend Carbon tax border adjustments carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata cashew cashew apple CAS Registry Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular e circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel Clean clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel clean fuel production tax credit Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 neutral fuels coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) coastal hay Coast Guard cobalt coco cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold-tolerance cold flow college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading Community activity community college Community involvement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression-ignition engine compression ratios concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology cooking fuel Cook Islands cook stoves cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 copper coppice cordgrass corn-based products corn/maize corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stov corn stover corn supply corn surplus Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D5 (5%DME) D20 (20%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act definitions deforestation defossilization defossilize Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose diatoms diesel diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel diesel with renewables digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct-to-fuel direct air capture directed evolution direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought-resistant drought tolerant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol E0 E0 price E2 E3 E4 E5 E5 price E6 E7 E8 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E40 E40 pumps E50 E75 E78 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E95 E97 E98 E100 E100 conversion kit earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED95 education educational business private educational tour Education Series 3030 efficiency Egypt Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electricity price electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electroly electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants El Salvador eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 228 EN 590 EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) end user Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine/Fuel Co-optimization Engine Development engineering engine problems England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) Environmentalists environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) esg ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) ethane ethanol Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G ethanol benefits ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol blend wall ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethylbenzene ethylene ethyl levulinate (EL) ets eucalyptus European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state externalities extremophiles f F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farmers farming farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices Feedstocks feedstock storage feedstock transportation fermentation ferry fertilizer F Factor fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch/FT Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flavors flax Fleets fleet turnover fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources forestry Forest Service forklifts fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) free fatty acids (FFA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium games gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasificatio gasification gasoline gasoline-range hydrocarbons gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gas prices gas tax/highway user fee Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal Germany Gerrmany Ghana ghg GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo gliricidia sepium global warming glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grains grain sorghum/milo grain speculators GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grease Great Green Fleet Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy Green Jobs Greenland Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana gypsum Haiti Halophytes harvesting harvest site processing Hawai'i hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ health health benefits health effects heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel heat of combustion heat of vaporization Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras Honge tree nuts Hong Kong horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO20 HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrids Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrocarbon fuels hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen hydrogen aircraft hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogenolysis hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps hydrogen terminal hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export India Indiana Indian grass indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesi Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine internal combustion engine/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA Jamaica Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education kalanchoe Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logist logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg M3 M15 M100 macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mandate mandates manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts mass balance standard Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methan methanation methane/ methane/biomethane methane leaks methani methanization methanol-to-jetfuel Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol fuel cells methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microo microorganisms/microbes Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Native American tribes natural g natural gas natural gas input natural gasoline natural gas prices natural gas vehicles Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherland Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand next generation biofuels next generation vehicles Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakora North Dakota Northeast Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Noth Dakota Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil/gas terminals oil embargo oil exploration oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil ref oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree peaches peach shell peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pineapple pine beetle pine needles pine nut Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polysaccharides pomace pome pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal potassium potato poultry litter/waste power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station Punnai tree pyrolysis Q-RIN Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement Quebec Quebed Queensland quote of the week r R5 R33 R99/RD99 race radiata pine radish leaves railroad rainforest rain tree ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD3 RD10 RD20 RD30 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 RD100 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable d Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price renewable diesel pipelines Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/RED III) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program repurpose research and development research facility resiliency retail retrofit return on investment R Factor RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia rutabaga Rwanda rye Rye grass s saccharification SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower SAF pipeline sago pond weed SAK Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush salt water Sanctions Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shipping shipping containers Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver simarouba Singapore Singpore SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solaris solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South K South Korea South Sudan SOx (Sulfur oxides) soybean prices soybeans soy meal Spain spartina specifications Spekboom Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka standards start-up State Department steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) subsid succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel Sugar Beets/Energy Beets sugarcan sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw Sugar kelp sugar platform sugar prices sugars sugars-to-fats sugar standards sulfur sunflower sunflower stalks supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Surface Transportation Board Suriname sustain Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweetgum sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland syngas syngas/gas fermentation synthesised aromatic kerosene (SAK) synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy travel travel policy Treasury Department trees Trinidad and Tobago triticale truck trucks tubers tugboats Tunisia Tunsia Turkey UCOME (Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester) Uganda UK (United Kingdom) UK Emission Trade Scheme (UK ETS) Ukraine Ukriane UL (Underwriters Laboratory) ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) Ultra Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (ULSFO) underground storage tanks (UST) UNESCO United Arab Emirates (UAE) United Nations' International 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