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Faster than Fermentation: The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to Mercurius and REACH Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Mercurius says it “has the technology and processes that will, for the first time, make the production of cellulosic biofuels profitable while meeting the needs of the diesel and jet fuel markets and satisfying government

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Environment, Still a Winner: The Digest’s Multi-Slide Guide to Attitudes to Cleaner-Burning Diesel 2017

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Americans respond more to environmental messages on renewable diesel fuels than energy security or economic impact, according to a survey undertaken by the Diesel Technology Forum and presented last week by DTF’s Tom Fulks at

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After Dieselgate, Renewables More Critical to Diesel’s Future than Ever: Survey

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Americans respond more to environmental messages on renewable diesel fuels than energy security or economic impact, according to a survey undertaken by the Diesel Technology Forum and presented last week by DTF’s Tom Fulks at

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General Motors Announces 20 for B20 in Its Diesel Vehicle Lineup

(National Biodiesel Board)  GM Expands its B20 Biodiesel Capable Lineup with New Cars, Crossovers, Trucks  --  General Motors is taking bold steps to expand the U.S. diesel vehicle market beyond its traditional stronghold in full-size pickups, and providing more options

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Automakers Fuel the U.S. Market With More Biodiesel Capable Diesel Vehicle Models

(National Biodiesel Board)  U.S. auto manufacturers have introduced a record number of new biodiesel capable diesel vehicle options for consumers as the push for increased fuel efficiency, performance, and sustainability in America’s transportation sector grows. Despite a challenging marketplace, automakers

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Walk This Way: NYC Agrees to Run D.M.E. in New Fuels Trial

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...  This week, a company known as Oberon Fuels running a DME technology is coming Straight Outta New York City with the idea that you can make it out of the the boutique world of

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Energy Department Announces Up to $7 Million for the Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines

(U.S. Department of Energy)  Today, the Energy Department (DOE) announced up to $7 million for eight universities to accelerate the introduction of affordable, scalable, and sustainable high-performance fuels for use in high-efficiency, low-emission engines. Under the Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines (Co-Optima)

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Mayors of Paris, Madrid, Athens & Mexico City Stumble; African Nations Get It Right on Policies for Cleaner Air with Cleaner Diesel Fuel & Technology

(Diesel Technology Forum)  Last week, the mayors of four cities - Paris, Madrid, Mexico City and Athens - announced they had pledged to remove diesel vehicles from their cities by 2025.  Last week, five African countries - Ghana, Ivory Coast, Togo,

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A California Company Develops Nanotechnology Combining Ethanol with Corn Oil for a New Blendstock that Reduces Diesel Emissions

by Debbie Sniderman (Ethanol Producer Magazine/VI Ventures LLC)  One of the biggest technology upgrades for the ethanol industry in the past decade has been corn oil extraction. If Virginia Klausmeier and the team she leads at Sylvatex have their way, the

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VW Billions to Foster Natural Gas Vehicles?

by Rich Piellisch  (Fleets & Fuels)  NGVAmerica Urges States to Take Advantage of Settlement  --  States should take advantage of the big diesel emissions settlement with Volkswagen to promote natural gas vehicles to reduce pollution, says NGVAmerica. The association notes that

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Engine, Truck and Equipment Industry Leaders Highlight Strategies for Achieving Climate and Clean Air Goals

(Diesel Technology Forum)  New Videos Feature Policy Approaches, Engine Technology and Fuel Options to “Meet the Climate and Clean Air Challenge of the Future”  --  The Diesel Technology Forum is releasing a series of short videos featuring industry leaders from

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EPA and DOT Finalize Greenhouse Gas and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles

(Environmental Protection Agency)  Standards address second-largest segment of U.S. transportation in terms of emissions and energy use -- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration jointly finalized standards for medium- and heavy-duty

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Keep It in the Ground or America First?

(Diesel Technology Forum) ... One of the great benefits of the diesel platform is its capability to run on higher blends of high quality biofuels including renewable diesel fuel and biodiesel fuel. These fuels are considered advanced biofuels by the U.S.

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Future Freight Plan for California Depends on Clean Diesel Power to Achieve Environmental, Economic and Sustainability Goals

(Diesel Technology Forum)  The major environmental, economic and efficiency goals sought in California’s proposed sustainable freight plan will be attainable only with expanded use of advanced clean diesel technology, according to the Diesel Technology Forum. These points and others were outlined

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Statement of the Diesel Technology Forum Regarding the Mitigation Aspects of the Volkswagen Settlement Announcement

(Diesel Technology Forum)  Allen Schaeffer, the Executive Director of the Diesel Technology Forum, issued the following statement today regarding the announcements by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and other federal agencies, private plaintiffs and 44 U.S. Attorney Generals regarding the

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Scania Trucks Use Ethanol Made with Clariant's Sunliquid Process

(Clariant/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Clariant, a world leader in specialty chemicals, and Scania, one of the world's top heavy-duty vehicle manufacturers, are celebrating the results and the opportunities generated by the partnership established last year, which involved an investment in sustainable

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How Different Is Diesel from Biodiesel, Really?

by Laurie Winkless (Materials Today)  Australian researchers have found that particulate emissions from a diesel exhaust are heavily influenced by the fuel’s composition According to the European Commission, biofuels now represent around 5 per cent of all transport fuel used in

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CNG More Harmful for Environment than Diesel: Gujarat Govt to High Court

(ZeeNews.India) ... Citing an expert committee report on fuels, the state government today told the Gujarat High Court that CNG will prove more harmful to the environment than diesel "as CNG engines emit more greenhouse gases than diesel". In its affidavit filed

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Clean Diesel: Fueling a Decade of Change / Recognizing the 10-year anniversary of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel this Clean Air Month

(Diesel Technology Forum)  Ten years after the introduction of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel in 2006, the Diesel Technology Forum recognizes the role of the shift to cleaner diesel fuel and its importance in the major environmental accomplishments being celebrated during

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Clean Diesel Delivers Clean Air Benefits to the Mid-Atlantic Region

(Diesel Technology Forum)  ... Looking toward to the future, (Diesel Technology Forum executive director Allen) Schaeffer noted in the next decade that diesel would remain the prime mover for the global economy, but that new engines would be far more efficient

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You Can't Always Get What You Want: What the Rolling Stones and Emerging Technologies Have in Common

(Diesel Technology Forum)  Efforts to develop and “commercialize” emerging technologies in the time horizons considered may not provide substantial air quality benefits if these technologies do not find their way into the fleet in substantial numbers. ... Whether it is electric cars

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Science Teacher Plans First Coast-to-Coast Biofuel Flight

by Megan Elliott (Flying Magazine)  First transcontinental flight using aviation biofuel in a certified light aircraft. -- High-school science teacher Ross McCurdy is planning the first transcontinental flight using aviation biofuel in a certified light aircraft. McCurdy will launch from North

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Are Low Diesel Prices Hurting Biofuels Companies?

by John O’Dell (Forbes/Trucks.com)  With diesel fuel prices hovering at lows not seen in a decade, the smart money might bet against businesses developing products to replace the diesel engines and technology that keep the nation’s trucks on the road. But entrepreneurs

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Major Impacts on U.S. Carbon Emissions Since the Great Recession

by John Miller (The Energy Collective)  U.S. total carbon emissions increased to a historic high in 2007.  During the 2007-09 Great Recession U.S. total carbon emissions declined rapidly due to a combination effective Government energy and carbon policies, and economic factors. 

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Future for Diesel Passenger Vehicles in U.S. Remains Positive Despite Recent Set Backs

(Diesel Technology Forum)  While diesel passenger vehicles sales have decreased in recent months, there are some positive signs that indicate diesel sales will recover and expand in the coming years, according to Allen Schaeffer, the Executive Director of the Diesel

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Ensyn Biocrude Receives CARB Approvals for Refinery Coprocessing

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  Ensyn Corp.’s chief technology officer Barry Freel announced the company has been granted key regulatory approvals by California Air Resources Board pursuant to the low carbon fuel standard (LCFS) on the company’s application for its renewable

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Why Flint? Why Dieselgate? Why Was the EPA Prevented From Acting?

by Robert E. Kozak* (Advanced Biofuels USA) Of all the grandstanding by politicians over the Flint, Michigan, drinking water disaster perhaps the most hypocritical has been that of Democrats such as Presidential candidate Hillary Clinton heaping all the blame on

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12 Billion More Cleaner Burning Miles Annually with Biodiesel, PACCAR, Peterbilt, Kenworth

(National Biodiesel Board)  Vehicle manufacturer support for America’s Advanced Biofuel going strong -- More than 100,000 trucks join renewable fuel ranks as PACCAR embraces biodiesel blends in its engines, old and new. Considering average mileage, these trucks alone have the potential

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Joule Unlimited: The Digest’s 2016 8-Slide Guide

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Joule is advancing a production platform for Liquid Fuel from the Sun, expected to eclipse the scale, productivity and cost efficiency of any known alternative to fossil fuel today. Its transformative Helioculture platform directly and

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Biofuels Company Industrializes Photosynthesis

by Holly Jessen (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  For eight years, Joule has been working under the radar to develop and commercialize its CO2-to-fuel technology. --  When it comes to ethanol production volumes per acre of land, Joule's Helioculture technology leaves all

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United States Files Complaint Against Volkswagen, Audi and Porsche for Alleged Clean Air Act Violations

(U.S. Department of Justice)  The Department of Justice, on behalf of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), today filed a civil complaint in federal court in Detroit, Michigan, against Volkswagen AG, Audi AG, Volkswagen Group of America Inc., Volkswagen Group of

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Climate Benefits of One of the Oldest Technologies Still in Use

(Diesel Technology Forum)  Thanks to decades of innovation, clean diesel technology is helping to deliver significant reductions in GHG emissions and is a major feature of the U.S. climate commitment outlined in the INDC that explains how the U.S. will

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India to Allow Ethanol-Only Vehicles; Response to Be Muted

by Mayank Bhardwaj (Reuters)  India will soon allow automakers to manufacture vehicles that can run entirely on ethanol, but adoption is likely to be slow as the country has not been able to source the sugarcane by-product even for its

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Soon, a Fuel Based on Coconut Oil for Your Car

(Times of India)  As the world continues to debate climate change and curb on emissions, this engineering college has developed a coconut oil-based biofuel that that promises to be more eco-friendly by reducing emmision of carbon and sulphur. SCMS College

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Kane Opts for Clean Diesel After January CNG Truck Fire

by Joseph Bebon (Next-Gen Transportation News)  Although Kane Is Able Inc. still isn’t operating its compressed natural gas (CNG)-powered trucks following a January fire and subsequent lawsuit, the third-party logistics provider nevertheless likes the notion of using cleaner-burning vehicles. In

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EPA Says Volkswagen Cheated a 2nd Time on Pollution Tests

by Matthew Daly and Tom Krisher (Associated Press/Washington Post)  ... The Environmental Protection Agency, along with the California Air Resources Board, said Volkswagen installed software on thousands of Audi, Porsche and VW cars with six-cylinder diesel engines that allowed them to emit

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How Could Volkswagen’s Top Engineers Not Have Known?

by DuneLawrence, Benjamin Elgin, Vernon Silver (Bloomberg Business)  ... From February through April 2013, they (researchers from West Virginia University's Center for Alternative Fuels, Engines and Emissions) tested three diesel cars: a Volkswagen Jetta, a Volkswagen Passat, and a BMW SUV. Besch took

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What Energy Will Power Tomorrow’s Trucks?

(CCJ Digital)  While there never may be a fuel as ideally suited to long-haul trucking as diesel, it’s a sure bet that fleet managers of the future will have new power sources at their disposal – both on and off

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MBTA Purchases Dozens of Diesel-Hybrid Buses

(NGT News)  The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) says its fiscal and management control board has unanimously approved the purchase of 44 diesel-hybrid buses for its Silver Line and other high-volume bus routes. The 60-foot-long buses will replace a fleet of

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We Should Not Be Surprised about Volkswagen’s “Diesel-Gate”

by Bill Brandon (Biofuels Digest) Fooling with computers to give false readings has happened before. It is important to recognize similarities to earlier cases and EPA’s role in them. The 1998 consent decree In October 1998, the DOJ and EPA entered into a

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NOxgate Expands: 93% of Diesel Vehicles Tested Fail to Meet Euro 6 NOx Emission Standards; Average Is 7 Times over the Limit

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... The VW crisis just keeps getting worse, with Volkswagen suspending its VW, Audi, and Porsche R&D chiefs, as Audi confirmed that 2.1 million of its vehicles were outfitted with defeat devices, and reports surfaced that the

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VW Scandal Raises Doubts over Clean Diesel and Lab-Based Emissions Testing

(Environmental and Energy Study Institute) On September 22, Volkswagen Motors (VW) admitted that it had cheated on emissions testing in Europe and the United States, by installing a piece of software known as a ‘defeat device’ in diesel cars.  The Environmental

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Your Guide To Dieselgate: Volkswagen's Diesel Cheating Catastrophe

by Patrick George (Jalopnik)  Yes, it’s a catastrophe. There’s no other way to describe the allegations from the Environmental Protection Agency that Volkswagen cheated on their emissions tests with nearly half a million TDI diesel cars. What’s at stake here?

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EPA Says VW Running Massive Clean Air Scam via Jettas, Audis, Passats

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Washington, EPA issued a notice of violation of the Clean Air Act to Volkswagen AG, Audi AG, and Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. alleging that four-cylinder Volkswagen and Audi diesel cars from model years 2009-2015

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The New Tobacco Road: A Path beyond Smoking for America’s Traditional Cash Crop

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Tobacco’s been re-thought, re-engineered and re-invented as a platform for sustainable, low-carbon fuels, and green chemicals – who’s doing what, where and how?  ... If tobacco’s reputation has fallen into disrepute on soil sustainability and smoking

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Solar Fuels: Making Hydrocarbon Fuels Directly from CO2 and Sunlight

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Drop-in Hydrocarbon fuels made directly by plants? Here. we look at the science and risks of turning an “ability” into an “industrial reality”. It’s common knowledge that terrestrial plants (and many aquatic species) use carbon dioxide,

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New Environmental Study Urges “Caution” for Policymakers Considering Replacing Clean Diesel Trucks With Natural Gas Vehicles

(Diesel Technology Forum)  Uncertainty Over Amount of Methane Emissions & Diesel Technology Efficiency Warrant Further Examination A new study published today said that switching from diesel to natural gas in heavy-duty trucks could worsen and accelerate negative climate impacts unless methane

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A CORN-acopia of Energy Options Coming

by Jason Spiess (Fargo Business Examiner)  Recently I sat down with Tom Lilja, executive director, North Dakota Corn Growers Association, to chew the fat on a variety of corn-themed energy and agriculture topics. ... "I think a lot of people just

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Read the Label!

by Robert White (Renewable Fuels Association)  Every week I hear from consumers with questions on ethanol and what it does to their fuel. Most don’t understand that the composition of gasoline, along with the refining process, has changed dramatically over

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Breakthrough or No Breakthrough? As UK Research Team Reports Progress toward Renewable Propane, Global Media Goes Gaga

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In the UK, If you look this week in your Google News alerts, you’ll see an awful lot of breathless headlines around a meme something like “Researchers have engineered the harmless gut bacteria E.coli to generate

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Intrexon Makes Farnesene from Methane: Hot Route to Low-Cost Jet Fuels and Diesels?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Second Product of Intrexon’s Proprietary Bioconversion Platform Following Isobutanol  Who’s happy, who’s bumming — and how far along is the work, really? The Digest looks at Intrexon’s breakthrough.  Gas-to-Liquids approach significantly more cost-efficient versus conventional

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Putting the Squeeze on Gasoline

by Kelly Taylor (Chronicle Herald Wheels)  It’s a breakthrough that has eluded engine researchers for more than a century. Now, it might be as little as five years away. ... The dream of using diesel’s compression-ignition idea — where the air-fuel mixture

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Alternative Fuel Vehicles to Gain Traction Over the Next 10 Years

(Fuels Institute)  The growth of vehicles running on alternative fuels will accelerate over the next decade, but diesel fuel- and gasoline-powered vehicles will continue to dominate market share, according to “Tomorrow’s Vehicles: What Will We Drive in 2023?” a new

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Gasoline Will Maintain Its Dominance

by Brian Berk (Convenience Store News)  Which alternative fuels do convenience store retailers currently sell the most? Although certainly not a scientifically accurate poll, Sunday morning’s “Future of Fuels” educational session at the NACS Show wanted to find out the answer immediately. According

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Study Shows Diesels Save Owners Money over Gasoline Versions

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  The University of Michigan’s Transportation Research Institute recently published a study that shows the total cost of ownership (TCO) is lower for diesel vehicles compared to their gasoline-powered counterparts. The researchers built their model by

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Advanced Alternative and Renewable Diesel Fuels: Detailed Characterization of Physical and Chemical Properties

(The Coordinating Research Council, Inc)  This report documents and compares the results of detailed analyses of the physical and chemical properties of ten advanced alternative and renewable diesel fuels and four commercial ultra low sulfur diesels (ULSDs). A key objective

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Urbee 2 To Cross Country On Just 10 Gallons Of Ethanol

by Edwin Kee (Ubergizmo.com)  Remember the first generation Urbee, which was a 3D printed car that was specially developed in order to usher in a new age of cheaper and more economical travel, and to test it, it was sent on

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CME to Require Biofuel Free Diesel for New Heating Oil Spec

(Reuters)  CME Group said on Tuesday that the specification of its heating oil contract from May 2013 will contain no renewable fuel or biodiesel, matching the "Grade 62" of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) carried on the Colonial Pipeline. "Because the ULSD

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EU to Revive Debate on Minimum Energy Tax Levels

by Barbara Lewis (Reuters)  EU officials are to debate a new set of tax proposals to promote clean fuel and erode fiscal advantages that have made diesel relatively cheap, a document seen by Reuters showed. ...Ahead of a working party meeting on January

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Refining Chiefs Expect More Regulations under Obama

by Simone Sebastian  (FuelFix)  ...A number of federal rules that seek to cut emissions and expand biofuel use were passed or discussed during Obama’s first term. Chief executive officers of Phillips 66 and Marathon Petroleum say that portends another four years of

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Diesel Technology Forum Statement on the UC-Berkeley Study on Secondary Organic Aerosols

(Diesel Technology Forum)  The Diesel Technology Forum issued the following statement today regarding the study published this week by the University of California-Berkeley comparing diesel and gasoline emissions. Allen Schaeffer, the Executive Director of the Diesel Technology Forum, issued this statement: “There

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Modeling Biofuel Fitness for the Sea

(University of Wisconsin-Madison)  With the help of a $2 million grant from the U.S. Office of Naval Research, mechanical engineers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison will develop a tool to characterize the performance of a new class of alternative fuels

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Diesel Engine Renaissance

by Katherine Tweed (GreenTechMedia)  Diesel car sales are soaring in the U.S. as Americans reconsider the latest diesel offerings ...Most diesels command a 30 percent improvement in real-world fuel economy against their non-diesel counterparts. Just as important, these new diesels drastically cut

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Study Finds Adding DME to Ethanol/Diesel Emulsion Improves Performance and Lowers Fuel Consumption and Emissions over Emulsion or Base Diesel

(Green Car Congress)  In a study published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels, M. P. Ashok of Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India reports that adding dimethyl ether to an ethanol/diesel emulsion results in an increase in brake thermal efficiency and

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Diesel Power Ready to Meet Challenge To Achieve Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions & Increased Fuel Efficiency in Trucks & Buses

(Diesel Technology Forum)  Diesel engines – which power more than 95 percent of America’s commercial trucks and 85 percent of its buses – will play a central role of the United States’ new effort to reduce fuel consumption and lower

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Maximizing Efficiency. Minimizing Impact.

by Julie Flannery-Allen (POET/Vital Online)  The next generation of engine technology is here. ...Ethanol enjoys a very high octane rating of 113. When blended with gasoline, the octane rating of the fuel goes up improving the fuel's performance. In addition, ethanol

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December 1st Marks a Major Milestone in United States’ Transition to Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel

(Diesel Technology Forum)  Sulfur Content in Diesel Fuel Has Been Reduced By 97% Since 2006 This week marked a major milestone for the nation’s transition to ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel as all highway diesel fuel in the United States complies with the

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Study Finds Fumigation Ethanol Operation with Diesel Reduces PM and NOx, While Oxidation Catalyst Reduces Resulting Increased CO and HC

(Green Car Congress) A study by researchers at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Tianjin University has found that the use of fumigation ethanol in a 4-cylinder diesel decreases NOx, smoke and particulate mass and number concentrations. An accompanying significant increase

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International Fuel Technology Announces U.K.-Based East Midlands Trains Will Continue Using DiesoLiFT™ 10 For Fuel Economy Improvement and Emissions Reduction

(International Fuel Technology)  International Fuel Technology, Inc. announced that East Midlands Trains will continue using DiesoLiFTTM 10 in its light rail, diesel multiple unit (DMU) operations. East Midlands Trains recently completed one of the largest in-service field demonstrations ever run utilizing

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Dynamic Fuels Hosts Investor Plant Tour

by Joanne Ivancic (Advanced Biofuels USA)  From time to time, you hear people complain that you can’t make money off of recycling.  Dynamic Fuels gives the lie to that statement.  Not only has it already saved tens of MILLIONS of

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Improved Internal Combustion Engines: Zajac Motors

by Eric Weshoff (Greentechmedia)  ...With a longer "residence time" and a constant temperature of 1425 degrees C, their split-cycle engine can make carbon fuels "virtually clean."  The engine certainly emits CO2, although only half as much as conventional diesels.  The

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carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Heat Standards Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services 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drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric 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Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance 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feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for 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price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen 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