Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

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Liquid Light, Coca-Cola Sign Technology Development Agreement

(Liquid Light/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Liquid Light announced it has signed a technology development agreement with The Coca-Cola Co. The objective of the agreement is to accelerate the development of Liquid Light’s technology which can make mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) from carbon dioxide. Liquid

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Ginkgo Bioworks: The Digest’s 2015 8-Slide Guide

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Who are they? “Nature’s biodiversity holds answers to challenges in health, energy, food, materials, and more,” they say. “Organism Engineers at Ginkgo learn from Nature to develop new organisms that replace technology with biology.” ... “if

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Hybrid Electric-Biodiesel Buses: Cleaner, Fuel-Saving Alternative for Public Transportation

by Milsa Vijayadharan* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  Hybrid Electric-Biodiesel Buses used in California, Washington and Michigan Model Lower GHG Emissions Options for Cities Everywhere Public transportation plays an important role in green and sustainable practices. Public transportation use means fewer cars on the road and a cleaner environment.

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Solar Fuels: Making Hydrocarbon Fuels Directly from CO2 and Sunlight

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Drop-in Hydrocarbon fuels made directly by plants? Here. we look at the science and risks of turning an “ability” into an “industrial reality”. It’s common knowledge that terrestrial plants (and many aquatic species) use carbon dioxide,

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Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Opportunities Can Enhance Ethanol Projects

by Sam A. Rushing (Ethanol Producer Magazine/Advanced Cryogenics Ltd.)  For decades, carbon dioxide has been recovered from concentrated sources like fermentation and sold to a handful of merchant markets, primarily beverage carbonation, food and meat processing. There are several industrial applications

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Joule Wins Key Patent for Direct Conversion of CO2 to Hydrocarbon Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Massachusetts, Joule, the pioneer of liquid fuels from recycled CO2, announced the issuance of an additional patent on the direct, continuous production of hydrocarbon fuels – extending its ability to target the highest-value molecules

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EPA Finding on Aircraft Emissions Can't Be Counted on to Motivate Biofuels Development and Deployment

by Joanne Ivancic* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  In the world of renewable jet fuel, hopes that the Environmental Protection Agency's finding that greenhouse gases from aircraft pose a risk to human health might lead to incentives for development and use of aviation

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U.S. May Take First Step to Curb Airline Emissions This Week: Sources

by Valerie Volcovici (Planet Ark/Reuters)  The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency plans as soon as Friday to determine whether carbon dioxide from aircraft endangers public health, a first step to regulating emissions from the aviation sector, sources familiar with the rulemaking

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Ethanol Evil No More?

by Kelly Taylor  (Chronicle Herald) ...  Still, ethanol does have some advantages, including lower net greenhouse gas emissions due to its recycling of carbon-dioxide emitted by today’s plants (or factories), as opposed to oil, which is releasing the CO2 of plants

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Air Liquide Commissions New Carbon Dioxide Plant in California

(Air Liquide)  Air Liquide Industrial U.S. LP (“Air Liquide”) has commissioned a new state-of-the-art carbon dioxide liquefaction plant in Tulare County, California. The new 450 ton-per-day facility is one of three carbon dioxide liquefaction facilities owned and operated by Air

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Major Advance in Artificial Photosynthesis Poses Win/Win for the Environment

by Lynn Yarris (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)  Berkeley Lab Researchers Perform Solar-powered Green Chemistry with Captured CO2 -- A potentially game-changing breakthrough in artificial photosynthesis has been achieved with the development of a system that can capture carbon dioxide emissions before

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Industry Provides Input to SAB Biogenic Carbon Emissions Panel

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  In late March, the U.S. EPA’s Science Advisory Board Biogenic Carbon Emissions Panel held a public face-to-face meeting to review the agency’s Framework for Assessing Biogenic CO2 Emissions from Stationary Sources. A public teleconference

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Opportunity: Lab&BenchScale Application of Transformational CO2

(U.S. Department of Energy)  This Funding Opportunity Announcement is focused on developing transformational technologies for CO2 capture and purification at the lab-scale, TRL 3-4, through bench-scale, TRL 5, for pulverized-coal and Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle power plants, and transfer and

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4 Minutes with… Sam A. Rushing, President of Advanced Cryogenics

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... The CO2 industry is continuing to add and improve upon raw sources of the commodity from all areas of biofuels, from traditional corn based, through advanced biofuels. CO2 is ever more important and in the limelight

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Brown Panel: To Cut CO2 Emissions, Make It Profitable

by Alex Kuffner (Providence Journal) To get power plants and other large polluters to reduce emissions of the greenhouse gases that are driving climate change, make it financially attractive to them.  That was the key takeaway from a conference held last

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Carbon Dioxide, an Important By-Product of Fermentation: Food Industry Applications and Usage

by Sam A. Rushing (Advanced Cryogenics, Ltd., Biofuels Digest)   ... Much of the ethanol industry is concentrated in the nation’s regions which are also the regions which are the largest for much of the meat processing at large. Such regions

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Algae Biomass Organization Applauds Senators Joe Manchin (D-WV) and Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) for Supporting Carbon Utilization Technology

(Algae Biomass Organization)  Senators urge Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency to support carbon utilization throughout their programs. The Algae Biomass Organization, the trade association for the algae industry, applauded U.S. Senators Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) and Joe Manchin (D-WV)

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CPI Work to Transform Food Waste into Graphene and Renewable Hydrogen

(Centre for Process Innovation)  The Centre for Process Innovation (CPI) is leading a European collaborative project that aims to transform food waste into a sustainable source of significant economic added value, namely graphene and renewable hydrogen. The project titled ‘PlasCarb’ will

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The 41 Weirdest Things Ever Used to Make Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Bunnies, liposuction fat, Prince Charles’ leftover wine, day-old whale, the human poo bus, fire ants dipped in hexane, old beer, raging fireballs, vibrating blobs, dope, and even the New Orleans Times-Picayune.  Take your pick and,

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University of Minnesota Report Contains Inaccurate and Misleading Information on Ethanol

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association)  The recent report released by the University of Minnesota, “Life Cycle Air Quality Impacts Of Conventional And Alternative Light-Duty Transportation In the United States,” contains several inaccuracies and misleading information. In particular, its conclusion that corn-based ethanol contains more

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Biomass Producers Today, Carbon Kings Tomorrow

by Matt Carr (Biomass Magazine/Algae Biomass Organization)  ... To control carbon dioxide (CO2), the agency (Environmental Protection Agency) places a significant emphasis on burying emissions underground (carbon capture and sequestration or CCS), but I believe it should equally encourage the

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All I Need is the Air That I Breathed: Microbial Dairies Using CO2, Sunlight and Water

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Take CO2, add water and an energy source: voila, Fuels & Chemicals from Microbial Dairies.  We revisit 3 top practitioners of the art and one outlier, and their progress. ... There are a number of technologies based on

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New Audi E-Fuels Project: E-Diesel from Air, Water and Green Electricity

(Audi)  New Audi activity in the development of CO2-neutral fuels; Pilot plant for e-diesel production opened in Dresden; Audi partnership with Climeworks and sunfire Audi is active in the development of CO2-neutral, synthetic fuels. The latest project is a pilot plant in Dresden

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Carbon Fee Bill Would Benefit Algae Industry

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine)  Legislation recently introduced in the U.S. Senate includes a provision that would encourage carbon utilization technology. The Algae Biomass Organization has spoken out to applaud the bill, which calls for greenhouse gas (GHG) regulations that

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Elemental, My Dear: Audi's E-Fuels Project Creates Diesel from Air, Water, and Electricity

by Andrew Hard (Digital Trends)  ... Now Audi has announced the development of “e-diesel,” a CO2-neutral fuel made from sustainable raw materials like air, water, and electricity. Like e-gas, e-diesel is created by combining hydrogen and CO2. Using a method called air capturing

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IAB Report – Scania Delivers First Metrolink Bus in Chennai; Inaugurates Dealership

(IndianAutosBlog)Volkswagen-owned Scania Commercial Vehicles India has delivered its first Metrolink bus in Chennai, to Parveen Travels... ... The Metrolink bus variant which was delivered to Parveen can seat 53 passengers and has a speed limiter at 90 km/h. All the Metrolink buses

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Natural Gas Usage Will Have Little Effect on CO2 Emissions, UCI-Led Study Finds

(University of California-Irvine)   Abundant supplies of natural gas will do little to reduce harmful U.S. emissions causing climate change, according to researchers at UC Irvine, Stanford University, and the nonprofit organization Near Zero. They found that inexpensive gas boosts electricity

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Ripe for Ethanol Innovations: Midlands Research Is Boosting Value of Corn Distillation Process

by Russell Hubbard  (Omaha World-Herald)  It starts out as freeze-dried fungus or bacteria from Denmark and ends up being one of the key ingredients in what some are calling Nebraska’s and Iowa’s shot at the big time when it comes

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Can CO2 Be a Green Chemical? Yes, When Derived from Biofuels and Other Sources

by Sam A. Rushing (Advanced Cryogenics, Ltd./Biofuels Digest)  ... The problem with CO2 sequestration and carbon reduction schemes is the lack of economic return for many purely sequestration projects, unless government funding or subsidies are guaranteed. Then, the challenge is to

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Simple Air-and-Water Fuel Soon to Take Off

by Karin Kloosterman (Israel21c.org)  An Israeli professor is poised to ramp up production of an exciting alternative to polluting jet fuels and natural gas. An Israeli research team from Ben-Gurion University has developed something that seems like fuel for the futuristic

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Algenol's Algae-Based Biofuel: The Next Generation in Renewable Energy

by Jenna Iacurci (Nature World News) Algenol, an up-and-coming company that specializes in algae-based biofuels, has developed and perfected its revolutionary technology, likely securing its spot as the next generation's leader in renewable energy. In collaborating with University of Toronto scientists,

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Pond Biofuels: Algae Eats Cement Plant Pollution

by David Dodge and Duncan Kinney (Beacon News) Algae is a pretty important organism. It’s used in food, fertilizer and sewage treatment. Oh, and algae can also eat raw industrial smokestack emissions for breakfast to create pond biofuels. Steve Martin was so

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Algae Production Industry News

(National Algae Association)  The National Algae Association is pleased to announce that one of its algae incubator program companies, Natural Algae Production, LLC of Louisiana, has broken ground on a new 10 acre algae farm. NAA believes hundreds of commercial

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Joule’s Quest for Fuels from CO2, Sunlight and Water

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... From Massachusetts, word arrived from Joule this week that the EPA has favorably reviewed the company’s Microbial Commercial Activity Notice for Joule’s first commercial ethanol-producing catalyst. This clears the catalyst for commercial use at the

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Anticipation Bubbles Up for ADM Carbon Capture Project

by Chris Luvardi (herald-review.com) Archer Daniels Midland Co. passed through a public hearing process Wednesday with limited concern voiced about its proposal to drill a second injection well in Decatur to store carbon dioxide deep underground. The hearing at the Decatur Public

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Fortunately, Unfortunately: Pathways and Barriers to Algae Biofuels at Scale

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Think algae biofuels are real and near? Or, think it’s a promotional scheme for attracting finance for nutraceuticals and academic bridges-to-nowhere?  The barriers might be more, or less, daunting than you think. Let’s look at

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Asheville Entrepreneur Aims to Harness Cyanobacteria's Photosynthetic Prowess

by Mary-Russell Roberson  (News Observer)  Bruce Dannenberg is a big fan of cyanobacteria – the ancient lineage of organisms you may remember from high school as blue-green algae. Turns out cyanobacteria aren’t algae after all; hence the name change. But

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Fuel from the Sea: Scale Model WWII Craft Takes Flight with Seawater

by Daniel Parry  (U.S. Naval Research Laboratory/Renewable Energy World)   Navy researchers at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Materials Science and Technology Division, demonstrate proof-of-concept of novel NRL technologies developed for the recovery of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2)

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Scientists Make Ethanol Without Corn or Other Crops

by Will Dunham (Reuters Africa)  ... The scientists said their process turns carbon monoxide gas into liquid ethanol with the help of an electrode made of a form of copper. They said the new technique may be more environmentally friendly and efficient

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Changing Water into Wine: Er, Will Jet Fuel Do?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Hydrocarbon fuel from seawater and nothing else? Is it possible?  Not only possible, but demonstrated as a process, and tested in a model plane.   How does it rate on the Hooey scale? The Digest investigates. In

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Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Proposed Changes to the Renewable Fuel Standard Through 2022

by Brent Erickson, Matt Carr, and Paul Winters (Industrial Biotechnology)  The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed a significant change to the US Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) for 2014 and beyond, which will have an impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)

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New Catalyst Could Lead to Cleaner Energy

by Anne Trafton (MIT News)  MIT chemists have devised a way to trap carbon dioxide and transform it into useful organic compounds, using a simple metal complex. More work is needed to understand and optimize the reaction, but one day this

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The Race to Capture, Use and Monetize Waste CO2

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Reduce carbon? Rid the world of excess CO2? Not so fast, buster. A new generation of technologies has come along that capture, re-purpose and monetize CO2 emissions. Will they realize their promise? As Liquid Light steps out of

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Can You Make a Wind Turbine Without Fossil Fuels?

by Robert Wilson (The Energy Collective)  Various scenarios have been put forward showing that 100% renewable energy is achievable. Some of them even claim that we can move completely away from fossil fuels in only couple of decades. A world entirely without

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What Role for Short-Lived Climate Pollutants in Mitigation Policy?

by J. K. Shoemaker, D. P. Schrag, M. J. Molina, V. Ramanathan (Science Magazine)  Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) include methane (CH4), black carbon (BC), tropospheric ozone, and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). They are important contributors to anthropogenic climate change, responsible for as much

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USPTO Issues Patent to Biofeedstock Company Proterro for Its Biosynthetic Process To Manufacture Fermentable Sugar

(BusinessWire/Proterro)  The United States Patent and Trademark Office has issued U.S. Patent No. 8,597,914 to Proterro, Inc., protecting Proterro’s unique, biosynthetic sugar-making process. The only biofeedstock company that makes sugar instead of extracting it from crops or deconstructing cellulosic materials, Proterro

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UCLA Develops Metabolic Pathway to Convert Sugars into Biofuels

(University of California)  University of California, Los Angeles chemical engineering researchers have created a new synthetic metabolic pathway for breaking down glucose that could lead to a 50 percent increase in the production of biofuels. The new pathway is intended to

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Why UN Climate Talks Are Still Relevant: Report from COP 19 in Warsaw

by Michael Davidson (East Winds/The Energy Collective)  We are heading into the second week of UN climate negotiations in Warsaw (refered to as COP 19), where 194 countries are busy laying the groundwork for an international treaty hopefully to be

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Carbon-Negative Biobutanol for $2 per Gallon? ITRI Says Its ButyFix Technology Has the Right Stuff

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Seeking low-carbon fuels, even negative carbon? Or, looking for a low-cost, cellulosic renewable fuel? Or, in search of a capital-light, bolt-on technology to drive better economics for first-yen ethanol plants?  Well, what about all three,

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Is the Renewable Fuel Standard Helping Bring the Next Generation of Biofuels to Market?

by Ned Stowe (Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  For many supporters of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), a key goal was to stimulate the development and use of low-carbon, next generation biofuels – to help reduce both U.S. petroleum dependence

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New Metabolic Pathway to More Efficiently Convert Sugars Into Biofuels

(Science Daily)  UCLA chemical engineering researchers have created a new synthetic metabolic pathway for breaking down glucose that could lead to a 50 percent increase in the production of biofuels. The new pathway is intended to replace the natural metabolic pathway

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Proterro Meets Key Milestones: Tests Confirm Photobioreactor Robustness; Commissioning of Pilot Plant in Process

(Proterro)  The biofeedstock company also validates low fabrication cost and completes preliminary design, layout, and cost estimate for demonstration-scale plant. – Proterro, Inc., the only biofeedstock company that actually makes sucrose instead of extracting it from crops or deconstructing cellulosic materials, has

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Water + Sunshine = Fuel as Lab in California Chases Dream: Cars

by Alan Ohnsman (Bloomberg) ...Mimicking the way plants turn sunlight and carbon dioxide in the air into energy and oxygen, the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis at the California Institute of Technology is in a race to trump nature and slow global

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Biofuels on the Verge

by Herman K. Trabish (GreenTechMedia) A photo tour of the biofuels industry The Environmental Protection Agency just announced it expects only 6 million gallons of cellulosic biofuels to contribute to the 16.55 billion gallons of renewable fuels mandated by the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) in

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International Energy Agency Publishes Global Update of Advanced, Cellulosic Projects

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The International Energy Agency Bioenergy Task 39 group recently published a report that outlines progress on more than 100 advanced biofuel projects under development worldwide. The report, titled “Status of Advanced Biofuels Demonstration Facilities

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University of Georgia Discovery May Allow Scientists to Make Fuel from CO2 in the Atmosphere

by James Hataway  (University of Georgia)  Excess carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere created by the widespread burning of fossil fuels is the major driving force of global climate change, and researchers the world over are looking for new ways

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Biorefinery 2015 – The Shape of Advanced Biofuels to Come – Part II

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Today in part II, we look at a new set of technologies coming along that are redefining our ideas about scale and cost. ... A barrier to long term deployment? The $11 per gallon average capital

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Pixley Plant to Recover Ethanol Emissions

(The Business Journal)  A new facility opening in Pixley this year will use emissions from a nearby ethanol plant to make liquified carbon dioxide. The plant will be the sixth carbon dioxide liquefaction plant in California built by Air Liquide Industrial

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Phycal Captures CO2 Funding for Biofuel

by Debra Fiakas (Alt Energy Stocks)  As part of its program to promote beneficial reuse of carbon dioxide, the Department of Energy awarded a total of $27.2 million ($3.0 million in the first phase and $24.2 million in a second phase)

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Study Shows Policy, Not Economy, Drives Future Carbon Reductions

(Center for Climate Strategies)  Existing Local, State, and Federal Policies — Not Cheap Natural Gas or Economic Downturn — Identified As Largest Driver Behind Declining Carbon Emissions Projections 20 New Federal, State, and Local Actions Also Identified to Advance Jobs, Energy,

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Forest Products Society Journal Publishes Special Biofuels Issue

(Forest Products Society)  Biofuels made from high-yield, short rotation woody crops or from forest residuals and thinnings that are currently left unused have substantial potential to reduce CO2 emissions as well as to contribute to energy independence. A series of

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Cars Fueled by Air?

by Bailey (Planet Forward)  It’s not magic, it’s chemistry!  That’s what the chief executive of Air-Fuel Synthesis says about their fuel that’s made, literally, out of thin air! The company says they’ve developed technology that creates environmentally-friendly fuel for cars from

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Ethanol Production Continues for E Energy

by Scott Koperski   (Beatrice Daily Sun)  ... One key to E Energy Adams’ success has been finding uses for byproducts in ethanol production. (Carl) Sitzmann (CEO of E Energy Adams) said the starch from corn is the only portion of the grain

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Making Sugars, Not Extracting Them: Proterro’s Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... But very few are working in solid phase – where essentially instead of working with a liquid vat, microbes are growing on a fabric or film — and the organisms are provided with a

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Breakthrough in Research on Super Filter for Biofuels

(Luleå University of Technology)  A new important step has been taken by researchers at Luleå University of Technology when it comes to clean synthesis gas from carbon dioxide, using zeolite membranes. This super filter, which could enable the cost-effective industrial

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Carbon Dioxide: Key to Boosting Revenues and Limiting Emissions from Biofuels and Allied Ventures

by Sam A. Rushing (Advanced Cryogenics, Ltd. )   ...Pure carbon dioxide sequestration projects have been evaluated by my office for large US and Brazilian ventures, primarily fed by CO2 from ethanol projects. In the future, it is entirely likely

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The Greening of Petronas: Oil Giant Signs with LanzaTech to Turn Waste CO2 into Sustainable Chemicals

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...In Malaysia, LanzaTech and the Malaysian national oil company, Petronas, announced they will work together to accelerate the development and commercialization of technologies to produce sustainable chemicals from carbon dioxide (CO2) and natural gas. ...The good

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Change the World: Sapphire Energy’s Green Crude Farm, Illustrated

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Growing crude oil as a crop – Sapphire Energy and its Green Crude Farm – can it be the sunlight in your universe and change the world?   What does it look like? How does it work?

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Ebony and Ivory: The BioProcess Algae Story

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...But carbon dioxide emissions remain. In fact, large corn ethanol plants are considered “major emitters” under EPA rules because one-third of the corn kernel, by weight, is released as carbon dioxide during fermentation. About 19

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Teaching a Microbe to Make Fuel

by David L. Chandler (MIT News)   Genetically modified organism could turn carbon dioxide or waste products into a gasoline-compatible transportation fuel. A humble soil bacterium called Ralstonia eutrophahas a natural tendency, whenever it is stressed, to stop growing and put all its

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25x’25 Statement on the Obama Administration’s Final 2017 and Later Model Year Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards

(25 x '25)  The 25x’25 Alliance’s preliminary review of the final rule outlining 2017 and Later Model Year Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards reveals that it does not provide a level playing field for

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EPA’s 2017-2025 Light Duty Vehicle Rule Discourages Alternative Fuel Use

by Boyden Gray & Associates (25 x '25)   While there are a number of obstacles impeding further growth in alternative energy, few are as critical as the joint EPA/NHTSA proposed rules establishing light-duty vehicle GHG and fuel economy standards. 

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Government of Canada Invests in Innovation in St. Marys

(MarketWire)  An investment of $1.86 million by the Government of Canada will help two Canadian businesses grow their operations and collectively create a total of 22 new jobs in St. Marys, where the companies will be converting egg by-products and

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Innovative Pilot and Demonstration Scale Production of Advanced Biofuels

(US Department of Energy)  The intent of this FOA is to identify, evaluate, and select innovative pilot- or demonstration-scale integrated biorefineries that can produce hydrocarbon fuels that meet military specifications for JP-5 (jet fuel primarily for the Navy), JP-8 (jet

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Brazil Builds Algae-Based Biofuel Plant

(Herald Sun)  The world's first industrial plant producing biofuels from seaweed will be built in the northeastern Brazilian state of Pernambuco in late 2013, the official in charge of the project says. The factory to be set up by Austrian firm

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European Biofuels Technology Platform Says Certain Biofuels Paths Offer “Low-Hanging Fruit”

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In Belgium, the European Biofuels Technology Platform has released a new report that says certain biofuels production routes could provide “low-hanging fruits” for early, low-cost CCS deployment. A recent study indicated that, globally, Bio-CCS could

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Whatever Happened to Algae and Biofuels?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...A couple of voices expressed caution, prominent among them, algae’s Doctor No, John Benemann of Benemann Associates, who wanted at the time, “if algae looks good [for fuel], we’re all in trouble.” LiveFuels CEO Lissa

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Solutions4CO2 Inc. Announces Joint Venture with BARD Holding, Inc.

(Solutions4CO2)  Solutions4CO2 Inc. (“S4CO2”), is pleased to announce a joint venture with BARD Holding, Inc. (www.bardholding.com ) (the “S4CO2 – BARD Joint Venture”) to co-develop waste gas/water to co-products facilities in Canada. The initial phase of the joint venture will

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Obama Touts Algal Biofuels; $14M in New R&D Funding; $2.28 per Gallon Algal Biofuels in Sight?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...In Washington, the Obama Administration outlined a new $14 million round of R&D grants for algal biofuels, as the US President highlighted algal biofuels in a speech at the University of Miami which focused on energy policy. In

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Soil Erosion Increasing Global Warming Threat: UNEP

by Nina Chestney (Reuters)   Global warming will get worse as agricultural methods accelerate the rate of soil erosion, which depletes the amount of carbon the soil is able to store, a United Nations' Environment Programme report said on Monday. Soil contains

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U.S. Will Lead New Effort to Cut Global Warming from Methane, Soot

by Brian Vastag (The Washington Post)  With global efforts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions stalled, the United States and five other countries are starting a new program to cut other pollutants — including methane, soot and hydrofluorocarbons — that contribute

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Construction of Five-Acre Algae Farm Begins at Ethanol Plant

by Kris Bevill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  BioProcess Algae LLC and Green Plains Renewable Energy Inc. announced Feb. 1 that they have begun constructing a five acre algae production facility in southwest Iowa at the site of Green Plains’ 65 MMgy

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Pond Biofuels to Pilot Cement Absorption System

(Daily Commercial News)  Pond Biofuels is piloting a new carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption system at St. Marys Cement. The new system will reduce greenhouse gases by absorbing dirty smokestack emissions to grow algae which can be used in oil production, converted

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Endesa to Perform Industrial Test of CO2 Capture Using Microalgae

(Endesa)  Madrid • Expansion of the Almería plant to demonstrate the technical and economic viability of the technology. • The success of the first stage of the project has led Endesa to carry out trials with two new types of photo-bioreactors and develop

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Carbon Accounting for Forests, Forest Products, and Bioenergy: Recent Studies Released

(Environmental and Energy Study Institute)A number of new scientific studies have been released examining whether and how forests, forest management practices, forest products, and bioenergy from forests either contribute to or help mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration and emissions.

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Holcim Lanka and Algae.Tec Launch First Biofuels Production Facility in Asia

(Algae.Tec)  Algae.Tec Limited an advanced algae to biofuels company with a high-yield enclosed algae growth and harvesting system announced today it had signed a collaboration contract to build its first algae biofuels production facility in Asia. The facility will be built

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Study Shows High Emissions from Growing Biodiesel from Palm Oil

(Transport & Environment)  Biofuels produced from palm oil grown in tropical peatlands are a significant source of greenhouse gases. This is the finding of a new study done for the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) which, if taken on

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Carbon Dioxide Applications – A Key to Ethanol Project Developments

by Sam A. Rushing (Biofuels Digest)  ...All ethanol ventures should take a fresh look at CO2 as a great opportunity for future revenue developments, probably as a primary reason, would be for CO2 recovery and marketing. The second reason, of

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Q&A: Ethanol Plant Leader Has No Regrets in Picking Medina

by Tom Rivers  (The Daily News)  Michael Sawyer, 38, of Geneseo took a gamble in 2005. After eight years in corporate finance in Rochester, he left that career to join his father John Sawyer in establishing an ethanol plant in

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House Dems, Swimming Upstream, Push Carbon Tax

by Ben Geman (The Hill/E2Wire)  Nine liberal House Democrats are floating legislation to impose a carbon tax on fossil-fuel producers and importers, a measure they say would cut the deficit by a half-trillion dollars and steer $2 trillion to consumers

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Algae Bioreactors Receive Approval for Australian Facility

(Biofuels International)  Algae.Tec, an algae production company, has received approval for its demonstration facility in Shoalhaven, New South Wales, Australia. The facility was approved under the Shoalhaven City Council Environment Planning and Assessment Act and the plant will be used to

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Algae Trek: The Next Generation

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...Overall, there remain more than 100 companies chasing the prize of developing an algae biomaterials project, profitable and at commercial scale. Yesterday (October 24, 2011), on the eve of the annual Algal Biomass Summit, two of

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Algae from Ethanol Plant Shows Promise as Poultry Feed

by Kris Bevill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  An algae strain grown by BioProcess Algae LLC at Green Plains Renewable Energy Inc.’s 65 MMgy ethanol plant in Shenandoah, Iowa, is one step closer to entering the poultry feed market. First-round feed trials recently

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Global Photosynthesis: New Insight Will Help Predict Future Climate Change

(Science Daily)  A new insight into global photosynthesis, the chemical process governing how ocean and land plants absorb and release carbon dioxide, has been revealed in research that will assist scientists to more accurately assess future climate change. In a paper

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Algal Biomass Organization Member Spotlight: Barry Raleigh, Co-Founder of Cellana.

(Algal Biomass Organization)  ABO: What was the original idea behind the creation of the company? Raleigh: My co-founder, Mark Huntley, thought from his experience in algae production at Aquasearch that algae were possibly a major consumer of carbon dioxide if fuel

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Heavy Breathing by Plants Could Alter Climate Models, 30-Year Study Finds

by Ben Cubby (Sydney Morning Herald)  Plants have been breathing a lot more quickly than we thought, according to a study that suggests some climate change models may have to be modified to account for faster rates of photosynthesis. An analysis

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The Third Way: Advanced Biofuels as a Systems of Systems

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...But underneath all the excitement, one feels just a little bit of desperation – oh, perhaps not just from these companies but their competitors. Everyone knows at some macro level that, while there are hundreds

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Conversion Pathways for Bioenergy: Upgrading of Intermediates: Hybrid Routes to Fuels and Chemicals

Laurel Harmon (LanzaTech Inc.) LanzaTech, Inc., was founded in January 2005 by CSO Dr. Sean Simpson in New Zealand. Funds were mainly from New Zealand government US$ 10M, Khosla Ventures US$ 12M in 2007 and Qiming Ventures US$

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‘Serious’ Error Found in Carbon Savings for Biofuels

by James Kanter (New York Times)  The European Union is overestimating the reductions in greenhouse gas emissions achieved through reliance on biofuels as a result of a “serious accounting error,” according to a draft opinion by an influential committee of

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Newcastle University Outlines Plans for North East Carbon Capture Hub

by James Murray  (Business Green)  Could gasification hold the key to the decarbonisation of the North East's heavy industries? Researchers at the Newcastle Institute for Research on Sustainability(NIReS) are working on ambitious plans that could establish the North East as a global

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We of the Never-Never: Gumption, and the Story of Microalgal Ventures

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Three companies, operating in Outback Australia, personify promise and hardiness in the microalgae corner of industrial biotech ...But out of all literature, it is the qualities that Margaret Mitchell essayed in Gone With the Wind that most

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Algae Industry Gets First Field Look at New OriginOil Technology

(OriginOil/Enhanced Online News)  Algae World Australia delegates tour university test site, view next-generation algae harvest technologies OriginOil, Inc., the developer of a breakthrough technology to extract oil from algae and an emerging leader in the global algae oil services industry, today announced

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HDS International Provides Information on Project Scope for Back Bay Location

(HDS International/PR NewsWire)  HDS International Corp., a provider of industrial ocean-based biomass production and other high-value eco-sustainability solutions, today provided additional details regarding the project scope for its targeted production site in Back Bay, New Brunswick, Canada. "To date, most commercial initiatives

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Federal GHG Reporting Tool Opens for Business

by Kris Bevill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The U.S. EPA announced Aug. 22 that its electronic tool for reporting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, dubbed e-GRRT, is finally ready for use. The agency is requiring participants of the Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse

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A Constant in Changing Times: One Plant’s Success Story in an Ever-evolving Industry

by Kris Bevill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ...Near Hastings, a community of about 25,000 people nestled amid the seemingly endless corn fields of south-central Nebraska, Chief Ethanol Fuels Inc. has been steadily churning out ethanol since late 1984. The oldest dry-mill

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Microalgal Biofuel: Is it the Right Dream?

by Fadhil M. Salih (ClearValue Companies/Renewable Energy World)   ...Microalgae are a superior biofuel feedstock as opposed to plants such as corn and soy used today. They need substantially less water and fertilizer than other plant life and they are

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The XTL Diet: New Paths to Feasible, Domestic Low-Carb Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Can synthetic biology capture and utilize CO2 to such an extent that it not only can make money – but can mitigate the carbon intensity of no-no feedstocks like coal, gas and oil, opening up

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HDS International Announces Acquisition of License for Carbon Capture and Algae-to-Biofuel Technologies

(PR Newswire/HDS International Corp.)  HDS International Corp.  today (August 17, 2011) announced that it has acquired an exclusive license relating to carbon capture, carbon sequestration and industrial algae-for-biofuels technologies from Hillwinds Ocean Energy, LLC. The acquired technology can be applied for

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PetroAlgae Feed Meal Confirmed as New Source of High Value Commercial-Scale Feed for Dairy Cattle

(PetroAlgae)  Important New Animal Feed Ingredient for Dairy Cattle Diets According to University of Minnesota Study PetroAlgae Inc., a leading renewable energy company that licenses its commercial micro-crop technology globally, announced today the completion of a major third party study showing that

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Search Produces Energy from Biodiesel Waste

(Correio do Brasil)  School of Engineering of São Carlos (EESC) of USP, a research proposes the production of energyfrom the gas released in the treatment of glycerol originating from the biodiesel. The residue is rich in impurities, which increases the

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Switch from Corn to Grass Would Raise Ethanol Output, Cut Emissions

(EurekAlert!/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)  Growing perennial grasses on the least productive farmland now used for corn ethanol production in the U.S. would result in higher overall corn yields, more ethanol output per acre and better groundwater quality, researchers report

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X-Fuels and X-Bugs

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...There are a class of fuels that are deeply rooted in biological process, and share the goal of replacing fossil fuels with low-carbon substitutes, but are not strictly biofuels. Huh? Well, think of fuels that are

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The Economics of Power Plant CO2 Capture

by Riggs Eckelberry (OriginOil/Algae Industry Magazine)  ...Today’s carbon capture process requires separating and condensing CO2, then transporting it in dedicated pipelines to distant locations where it can be stored. Processing CO2 close to power plants eliminates the capital and operating

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Sydney, Australia Home of New Algal Biomass Facility

by Joanna Schroeder (DomesticFuel.com)  Algae.Tec Limited in collaboration with Manildra Group have announced the construction of an algae demonstration facility in Shoalhaven One, in Nowra south of Sydney, Australia. Manildra Group is the country’s largest ethanol producer. Algae.Tec Executive Roger Stroud

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Video tour: Pond Biofuels Turns Cement Plant Emissions into Algae

by Tyler Hamilton (Clean Break)  I had the opportunity this week to visit a St. Marys Cement plant in the small and scenic town of St. Marys, Ontario. A subsidiary of Brazilian cement giant Votorantim Cimentos, the company is working with Toronto-based Pond

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Linde and Sapphire Energy Announce Deal to Co-Develop CO2 Management System for Algae Fuel Production

(PR NewsWire)  The technology group, The Linde Group, and Sapphire Energy, Inc., one of the world's leaders in algae-based crude oil, today announced that they have entered into a multi-year agreement to co-develop a low-cost system to deliver carbon dioxide

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Algae—Food or Chemical Grade?

by Riggs Eckelberry  (Algae Industry Magazine)  There’s a big question planners should be asking themselves when they put together an algae production plan: are we trying to meet food-grade requirements for our algae? That critical question drives the overall shape

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Intel CO2 & Algae Research Project: Zero Emissions Fab

(Algae Industry Magazine)  Intel’s Brad Biddle discusses what has been learned in the research project to determine if the carbon emissions from Intel’s chip factory produces an environment suited for algae growth. Biddle also discusses the next phases of the

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Iberia and AENA Invest in Algae Biofuel Project in Madrid

by Kerry Reals (FlightGlobal)  Iberia has teamed up with Spanish airports operator AENA and AlgaEnergy to establish a microalgae-based biofuel research project at Madrid Barajas Airport. ...The research plant will capture and use carbon dioxide from Iberia's aircraft engine bench test

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Cellana's Kona Demonstration Facility and Patented Algae Production Process Showing Promising Results

(Cellana)  Company Is Leveraging Technology Investments to Date of Over $100 Million; Company Is Focused on Government Programs and New Corporate Partnerships; Plan for Maui Commercial Algae Facility on Track for 2014 Cellana LLC is positioned to be the first algae

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IEA Releases Technology Roadmap Biofuels for Transport

(Industrial Fuels and Power)  A new report from the International Energy Agency (IEA) says that the widespread deployment of biofuels can play an important role in reducing CO2 emissions in the transport sector and enhancing energy security, when produced sustainably. With

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Ethanol Plant Spin-Off Industry Developing in Clearfield Borough

by Aaron T. Evans (Gant Daily)  A spin-off industry from Bionol Clearfield’s ethanol plant is under development in Clearfield Borough. On Thursday night a representative from Air Liquide and a representative from Gannett Fleming Inc. gave a presentation during council’s committees

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Algae’s Killer App

by Riggs Eckelberry (OriginOil/Algae Industry Magazine)    Where in the world is the best place for a new algae facility? If you answered, “wherever there’s abundant sunlight for photosynthesis” you’re on the right track. Beyond that, I’d like to offer

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Transformers: 8 Technologies To Rock the Bio World

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Game changer, breakthrough, revolution, quantum leap. A lot of technologies arrive on the Digest’s doorstep wrapped in one of those descriptors, or another. Sometimes wrapped in all of them. But what are technologies that would really

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Economics, Physics Are Roadblocks for Mass-Scale Algae Biodiesel Production, Study Finds

(EurekAlert/Kansas State University)  "Fossil fuels are limited, and since we can't use more than what Earth offers, a lot of people are looking for alternative fuel sources like algae," said Peter Pfromm, professor of chemical engineering and member of a

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POET Corn Oil to Supply up to 60 Million Gallons Biodiesel Production Annually

by POET (Renewable Energy World)  "Voilà™" corn oil separated using POET centrifuge technology Planned expansion of corn oil production to all of POET's ethanol plants will produce enough raw material for up to 60 million gallons of biodiesel. POET is now selling Voilà™

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ABO Member Spotlight: Tim Burns, Chief Executive Officer, BioProcess Algae

(Algal Biomass Organization February 25 Newsletter)  ...We are designing, manufacturing and operating systems that enable controlled, economical cultivation of algal biomass using attached growth technology.  We are currently beginning the second phase of a project that utilizes waste products - including

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Brazilalot: Heard on the Floor at World Biofuels Markets

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...The hottest companies in bioenergy all know it – the name of the game is low-cost sugars, or affordable syngas that competes with natural gas. For those who don’t make or use syngas and need

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ASA Bans ExxonMobil Biofuel Ad

(RAC)  The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) has banned an ExxonMobil advertisement after its claims relating to environmental benefits of using algae to form biofuels were found to be misleading. A complaint was filed by a viewer against the TV ad, featuring

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Alltech Cuts the Ribbon on Opportunity at $200 Million Algae Facility in Kentucky

(Alltech)  Alltech, a global leader in natural animal nutrition, cut the ribbon on its $200 million Alltech Algae plant in Winchester, Kentucky. Alltech Algae is a state-of-the-art algae fermentation facility that was acquired in 2010 from Martek Bioscience Corporation for approximately

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OriginOil Lands First Order for Industrial Scale Algae Oil Extraction System

(OriginOil)  Owner of three ‘CO2 to energy’ projects will pilot extraction unit at large coal-fired power plant OriginOil, Inc., the developer of breakthrough technology to transform algae, the most promising source of renewable oil, into a true competitor to petroleum, today announced

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State Aid: Commission Approves Aid for Waste CO2 Pipeline in The Netherlands

(Europa)  The European Commission has authorised, under EU state aid rules, a €5 million investment aid for a pipeline infrastructure to transport waste CO2 from a bioethanol plant in Rotterdam to greenhouses in the “Zuidplaspolder”. The waste CO2 will be used

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OriginOil Announces Successful First Phase of Commercial Pilot Program

(OriginOil)  Pilot Partner MBD Energy Praises OriginOil Team on Expertise and System Operation OriginOil, Inc., the developer of a breakthrough technology to transform algae, the most promising source of renewable oil, into a true competitor to petroleum, today announced the successful completion

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Montana State University Using Baking Soda for Algae

(Algae Industry Magazine)  From Dan Boyce at Montana State University comes word that researchers there have found a way to get four times as much biofuel from a given amount of algae by adding baking soda, a concentrated source of carbon

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LakeMaster to Co-locate at Northern Biodiesel Refinery

(Algae Industry Magazine)  LakeMaster Corporation, of Rochester, NY, has announced a move to co-locate in space within the refinery of Northern Biodiesel, Inc. in Ontario, NY. LakeMaster will produce lipid oil made from algae as a feedstock for the NBI refinery

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Development of Technology to Produce Biodiesel from Microalgae

(FIS Worldnews)   A new project, which is financially supported by the Chilean government, will promote the diversification of energy through the production of biofuels from microalgae. The main objective of the initiative is to develop algae production which captures carbon dioxide

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Dry Ice to be Manufactured from Ethanol Plant CO2

(The Andersons)  Supply Agreement Reached between The Andersons Marathon Ethanol and Continental Carbonic Products, Inc. The Andersons Marathon Ethanol LLC (TAME), a partnership between The Andersons, Inc. and Marathon Petroleum Company LP, a wholly owned subsidiary of Marathon Oil Corporation, announced October 6,

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Dutch flowers Grown with Carbon Dioxide from Bioethanol plant in Rotterdam

(IBTimes/Green Energy UK)   More and more of the millions of flowers grown in Dutch greenhouses each year are receiving carbon dioxide from carbon capture and storage systems. As the leading European bioethanol producer, Abengoa Bioenergía is contributing to this shift

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Carbon Dioxide Recycling in the Biofuels Industry,” a Special Digest report

by Sam A. Rushing (Biofuels Digest)  ...Since CO2 has been shown to be the globe’s worst offender as a greenhouse gas, the very use of this gas in a technology which would foster the production of viable basic chemicals, plastics,

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Green Plains Renewable Energy Moves on Algae, Corn Oil Extraction

by Holly Jessen (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Green Plains Renewable Energy Inc. is moving to Phase II with its algae project at one plant and planning to install corn oil extraction technology at all six of its ethanol plants. On July 20,

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California Team to Receive up to $122 Million for Energy Innovation Hub to Develop Method to Produce Fuels from Sunlight

(US Department of Energy)  California Institute of Technology to lead team in partnership with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and other California institutions As part of a broad effort to achieve breakthrough innovations in energy production, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Energy Daniel

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Secretary Chu Announces Six Projects to Convert Captured CO2 Emissions from Industrial Sources into Useful Products

(US Department of Energy)  $106 Million Recovery Act Investment will Reduce CO2 Emissions and Mitigate Climate Change U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu announced today the selections of six projects that aim to find ways of converting captured carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions

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Honeywell's UOP Awarded Funding for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Reuse Through Algae Growth and Biofuel Production

UOP, a Honeywell (NYSE:HON) company, announced today that it has been awarded a $1.5 million cooperative agreement from the U.S. Department of Energy for a project to demonstrate technology to capture carbon dioxide and produce algae for use in biofuel

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“Making Money from Carbon Dioxide Derived from Biofuels and Similar Projects”, a Digest Special Report

by Sam A. Rushing (Biofuels Digest)  ...It is increasingly important to acquire revenues from the sale of CO2 as one of the primary co-products from fermentation and biofuels; plus depending upon destination and mode of utilization, such commercial use of CO2

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Is the Airborne Fraction of Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions Increasing?

by Wolfgang Knorr, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK  (Geophysical Research Letters)    Several recent studies have highlighted the possibility that the oceans and terrestrial ecosystems have started loosing part of their ability to sequester a large proportion

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Bacteria Engineered to Turn Carbon Dioxide Into Liquid Fuel

by Matthew Chin (Science Daily) In a new approach, researchers from the UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science have genetically modified a cyanobacterium to consume carbon dioxide and produce the liquid fuel isobutanol, which holds great potential

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Joule Biotechnologies Introduces Sunlight-based Process For Producing Renewable Transportation Fuels

Joule Biotechnologies unveiled its breakthrough Helioculture™ technology—a revolutionary process that harnesses sunlight to directly convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into SolarFuel™ liquid energy. This eco-friendly, direct-to-fuel conversion requires no agricultural land or fresh water, and leverages a highly scalable system capable

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Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline 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price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation 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energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor 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(Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation 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