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California’s Gasoline Market: How the State’s Unique Structure Impacts Pricing at the Pump

(OPIS) In 2022 and 2023, California’s retail gasoline prices saw multiple price spikes, all the more notable because of the state’s relatively high prices, when compared to the rest of the country.  Looking specifically at 2022, California retail gasoline prices reached an

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EPA Adviser Expects E15 Rule This Year

by Chris Clayton (DTN Progressive Farmer)  EPA Official Discusses E15, ESA Pesticide Challenges and PFAS Contamination --  Rod Snyder, senior adviser for agriculture at EPA, said Monday that the agency is on course to finalize a rule allowing permanent sales of E15

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Verde Clean Fuels Announces Carbon Capture Agreement for Renewable Gasoline Plant in California

(Verde Clean Fuels/Business Wire) Project aims to produce approximately 7MM gallons of renewable gasoline and sequester over 100,000 metric tons of CO2 per annum by 2027 -- Verde Clean Fuels (“Verde”) (Nasdaq: VGAS), a company focused on becoming the leading supplier of

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Enabling Higher Blends: Obstacles and Options for Ethanol Retailers

(Ethanol Producer Magazine) Ethanol Producer Magazine's Podcast Enabling Higher Blends: Obstacles and Options for Ethanol Retailers. Featuring Steve Walk, COO & Managing Partner at Protec Fuel Management. Interviewed by Katie Schroeder, Ethanol Producer Magazine. (14 min)  LISTEN

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Production and Catalytic Upgrading of 2,3-Butanediol Fermentation Broth into Sustainable Aviation Fuel Blendstock and Fuel Properties Measurement

by Martin Affandy, Cheng Zhu, Marie Swita, Beth Hofstad, Dylan Cronin, Richard Elander,  and Vanessa Lebarbier Dagle (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory/Fuel)  With the increasing demand for sustainable supplies of aviation fuel and need to address

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The Battle of the Ethanol Bulge

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... The Iowa Renewable Fuels Association summed it up thus: “The EPA’s action means that E10 and E15 will have the same volatility limit for the summer driving season that runs from June 1 to

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Researchers Find New Blends for Greener Gas in DOE Co-Optima Research

by Lynn Wendt (U.S. Department of Energy) In 2019, after three years of fuel and engine research, the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) initiative selected and recommended 10 different bio-blendstocks that could be used to make

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USGC: Study Showcases Ethanol’s Advantages in Various Countries

(U.S. Grains Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The U.S. Grains Council recently partnered with Turner, Mason & Company (TM&C), a leading energy research and consulting firm, to conduct the Fuel Ethanol Cost-Benefit Analysis Study, quantifying the economic and strategic benefits of blending ethanol in

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Vertimass

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Proprietary Vertimass Technology can lower costs of sustainable fuels for aircraft and light and heavy duty vehicles while providing a new route to renewable chemicals. Rapid development and deployment of novel Vertimass technology for conversion

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How a Plan to Boost Ethanol Would Reverberate Across the US

by Jennifer A. Dlouhy (Bloomberg/Washington Post)  ... There is no ethanol in raw gasoline, known as blendstock; oxygen additives are incorporated later, right before retail sale. To ensure E10 sold in those Midwest states has a lower volatility and can

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Catalytic Process with Lignin Could Enable 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory/Biobased Diesel Daily) An underutilized natural resource could be just what the airline industry needs to curb carbon emissions. Researchers at three institutions—the U.S. DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Washington State University—report success

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BioFormate Bio-gasoline & SAF Blendstock: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Virent

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Virent, a subsidiary of Marathon Petroleum developed its BioForming technology to create fuels and chemicals from a wide range of naturally occurring, renewable resources. And now they teamed up with Johnson Matthey to bring to

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E15: Silver Bullet for Gasoline Prices?

by Adam Schubert (Stillwater Associates) On April 12th, President Biden announced that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) would issue an emergency waiver of federal gasoline Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) regulations this summer for E15—a 15% blend of ethanol with

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Year-Round E15: There’s More than One Way to Peel a Banana

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association/Ethanol Producer Magazine) ... Recognizing this, the governors of seven Midwest states sent a letter to EPA Administrator Michael Regan in early November seeking guidance from the agency on how best to pursue a specific—and

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Better Bioblendstocks for Cleaner Diesel Vehicles

by Trevor Smith (U.S. Department of Energy) ... But new fuel blendstocks from biomass and waste resources, combined with advanced engine designs, are bringing us ever closer to a vision of clean transportation. Achieving this vision is critical for meeting

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Renewable Butyl Acetate for Diesel: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Butyl Acetate as Bioblendstock

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Does renewable butyl acetate make a good fuel additive? Can it be used as a bioblendstock for diesel to decrease combustion pollutants and lower the sooting propensity of a BA/diesel-based mixture? Can it’s low freezing

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Biofuel Blendstocks: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Naphthenic Biofuel-Diesel

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Biofuel blendstocks is what it’s all about for Dimitris Assanis from SUNY and Ofei Mante from RTI International. Check out their BETO presentation on bioblendstock oils rich in naphthenes produced using catalytic fast pyrolysis and

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Accelerating Biofuels Depolyment: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Co-Optima’s Bioblendstocks

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  With all the talk lately of gas prices and shortages due to the Texas freeze earlier this year, it’s good to see lots of research and innovation coming with better bioblendstocks for our vehicles. Check

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Properties vs. Chemistry: Co-Optima Research Determines Predictor of Fuel Performance, Develops Roadmap for Biofuels Design

(Oak Ridge National Laboratory)  As Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s fuel properties technical lead for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Co-Optimization of Fuel and Engines, or Co-Optima, initiative, Jim Szybist has been on a quest for the past few years to

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EPA Delivers Final Fuels Regulatory Streamlining Rule to OMB

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA released a proposed rule on April 13 that aims to streamline and modernize the agency’s existing fuels regulations. In the rulemaking, the EPA said it is proposing “some slight modifications to

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New Process Turns Carbon into Cleaner, High-Performance Diesel Biofuel Blendstock

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory/Phys.org) A new single-phase catalyst that enables the conversion of renewable and waste carbon into sustainable diesel fuels has been developed through a unique collaboration between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and two U.S. Department of Energy

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5 Ways to Reduce Costs in Integrated Biorefineries: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Enabling Lower-Cost Biofuels

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) just released a new report that outlines five specific, yet broadly applicable, areas of focus to reduce costs in an integrated biorefinery. This analysis builds upon ongoing R&D strategies to lower

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Technoeconomic and Life-Cycle Analysis of Single-Step Catalytic Conversion of Wet Ethanol into Fungible Fuel Blendstocks

John R. Hannon, Lee R. Lynd, Onofre Andrade, Pahola Thathiana Benavides, Gregg T. Beckham, Mary J. Biddy, Nathan Brown, Mateus F. Chagas, Brian H. Davison, Thomas Foust, Tassia L. Junqueira, Mark S. Laser, Zhenglong Li, Tom Richard, Ling Tao, Gerald

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EPA Releases Proposal to Streamline Existing Fuels Regulations

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA released a proposed rule on April 13 that aims to streamline and modernize the agency’s existing fuels regulations. In the rulemaking, the EPA said it is proposing “some slight modifications to the

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Wanted – Stronger Microbial Strains: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to NREL’s Biological Sugar Upgrades

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Microbial strains convert lignocellulosic sugars to fuel precursors, but Jeff Linger from National Renewable Energy Laboratory gave this illuminating presentation at the DOE’s BETO 2019 Project Peer Review that details how they are looking to

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New Report Boosts Development Options for Most Promising Biofuels

by Lynne Roeder (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)   Assessment identifies top ten blendstocks for efficiency in turbo-charged engines  -- ... This environmental benefit could be maximized with biofuels suitable for use in turbocharged engines that pack more horsepower in a smaller,

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Increase Value, Reduce Costs: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Advanced Algal Systems

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Advanced Algal Systems. Maybe you’ve heard of it but did you know that technologies are being developed as part of a DOE program to enable production of sustainable algal feedstocks that perform reliably in conversion processes

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Co-Optima Identifies Innovation Needed to Continue Momentum in Fuel Economy Gains

(U.S. Department of Energy)  Today’s cars are advancing at lightning speed: from electric vehicles to efficient internal combustion engines to automated vehicles. Transportation is changing. Although the fuel-economy ratings of today’s cars are dramatically higher than those of just 10

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Renewable Fuel Standard: Information on Likely Program Effects on Gasoline Prices and Greenhouse Gas Emission

(U.S. Government Accountability Office)  We reviewed the effects of the Renewable Fuel Standard, which requires biofuels to be blended into U.S. transportation fuels in increasing volumes. The standard was associated with modest gas price increases in areas outside of the Midwest. Most

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Anellotech’s Bio-TCat Technology Viability Confirmed during Pilot Plant Campaign – Moving forward with Commercialization

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  We hear the theme song to Disney’s Carousel of Progress… “It’s a great big beautiful tomorrow…” but it’s also a great big beautiful today because the viability of Anellotech’s Bio-TCat technology has been proven by

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Advancements in Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis Give Biofuels a Boost

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory) National laboratory researchers demonstrate improvements in bio-oil yield through catalyst and process development.  --  Researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) have identified an approach to improve

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Top 10 Bioeconomy Markets and Predictions for 2019

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A mere “The Year in Rewind” as we sail into 2019? Not the good ship Digest! Instead, we dust off our crystal ball and offer our predictions for the year ahead. As the sunset of 2018 gives way

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Sylvatex, Trucent Announce Scale up of MicroX Technology

(Trucent/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Sylvatex Inc. and Trucent recently announced successful scale up and blending of MicroX renewable blendstock from an optimized distillers corn oil (DCO) to free fatty acid (FFA) hydrolysis process. The scale up followed completion of development, construction and

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DOE Funds 6 Projects for Co-Optimization of Engines and Fuels

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The U.S. Department of Energy has announced it will award 42 projects a total of $80 million to support advanced vehicles technologies research. Approximately $10.1 million of that funding will support six projects focused on

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Mexican Ethanol Optimism Returns after States Ask for Ban Repeal

(UkrAgroConsult)  The Mexican ethanol market could have more room to grow as the states of Nuevo Leon and Jalisco have asked for a repeal of a ban on ethanol blending in their principal cities of Monterrey and Guadalajara, respectively. "If our gasoline

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Isobutanol: Now on the Radar for USA COMMENTS DUE April 30, 2018

by  Jess Hewitt  (Biofuels Digest/Lee Enterprises Consulting)  The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has opened a comment period for the registration of the use of Isobutanol in gasoline.  Why is this important?  Because since the states banning of the use of MTBE

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New DOE Study: Ethanol Among Best Options for Future Engine Efficiency Improvements and Emissions Reduction

(Renewable Fuels Association)  The Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) today hailed the release of two studies by the Department of Energy that find ethanol-based high octane fuels can deliver substantial fuel economy improvements and emissions reductions when paired with optimized internal combustion

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Vive le ROI: Has Sylvatex Uncovered a Gold Mine in Renewable Fuels?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  One of the purest, high-yield financial plays we have ever seen in the energy business is possibly emerging, one that could put fracking returns to shame. Vive le ROI. And Vive le IRR and DCF, while we’re at it. Catalyst for industry

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QUOTE OF THE WEEK

"If our gasoline composition is right then ethanol can work," said Alfonso Martinez, undersecretary of protection of the environment and natural resources in Nuevo Leon, Mexico, in a phone interview with S&P Global Platts. "We have nothing against ethanol, we

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Feature: Mexican Ethanol Optimism Returns after States Ask for Ban Repeal

by Josh Pedrick (Platts)  The Mexican ethanol market could have more room to grow as the states of Nuevo Leon and Jalisco have asked for a repeal of a ban on ethanol blending in their principal cities of Monterrey and Guadalajara, respectively. ... Mexico

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Moving into Markets: The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to Engine/Fuel Transformation

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The US Department of Energy is supporting a project to identify and mitigate the challenges of moving new fuels and vehicles into markets.  Including but not limited to: facilitating new fuel standards needed for introduction

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Hi-Temp Deconstruction: The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to Solvent Liquefaction, and Biomass-to-Hydrocarbon Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The US Department of Energy is supporting a project to demonstrate solvent liquefaction as viable path to stable intermediates for subsequent upgrading to fuel blendstocks. This is based on a technology originally developed in large

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Deep Stabilization: The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to Fast Pyrolysis and Bio-Oil Upgrading

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Within the ChemCatBio set of core catalysis projects lies Fast Pyrolysis and Upgrading, which has as its goal “to develop cost competitive biofuels through catalytic stabilization and deoxygenation of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil. The near-term DOE goal

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Research Aims to ‘Co-Optimize’ Biofuels for Future Engines

(Agri-Pulse)  Research aimed at finding the right combination of fuels and engine technology that would maximize a car's performance while reducing its greenhouse gas emissions has reached a milestone that ethanol advocates hope gets wider acknowledgement from policy makers. The Co-Optimization of

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Three Charts Revealing Why Oil Companies Really Hate the RFS and E15

by Bob Dinneen (Renewable Fuels Association) ...  No, the debate over the RFS and E15 is all about oil companies, those folks extracting petroleum from Mother Earth, losing market share. Period. It’s really that simple. Thanks in large part to the RFS, oil

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And No Extra Hydrogen: The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to One-Step, High-Yield, Drop-In Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Vertimass’ John Hannon gave this illuminating overview of one-step, high-yield production of drop-in fuels without added hydrogen, at the 2017 DOE Project Peer Review sessions.  READ MORE

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Argonne National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory Receive Funding to Support the Blending of Gevo’s Isobutanol with Gasoline

(Gevo)  Funding Being Provided Through Department of Energy’s Small Business Voucher Program -- Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ:GEVO) announced today that it was selected to collaborate with researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of DOE’s Small Business Vouchers (SBV)

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Ethanol to Drop-In Fuels: The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to Oak Ridge’s Catalytic Ethanol Upgrade Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The program objective seen in these slides is to take a technology from Technical Readiness Level 2 to TRL 3/4 — a technology that directly upgrades ethanol to a drop-in hydrocarbon fuel at a high

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Nebraska Drivers Save $17 Million Using Ethanol-blended Fuel

(Nebraska Ethanol Board/KOOL Radio)  In 2016, Nebraska drivers will save approximately $17 million by using ethanol-blended gasoline. The savings is based on lower prices for ethanol compared to wholesale gasoline and the state’s projected spark-ignition fuel consumption of 900 million

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Renewable Fuels for all Transport Modes: The Digest’s 2016 Multi-Slide Guide to Byogy Renewables

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Byogy has developed a catalytic platform that converts any source of ethanol, butanol, mixed alcohols, or related olefins, into full replacement, and cost competitive biofuels including gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. Byogy’s jet fuel is

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EPA's Proposed Enhancements to RFS Program Not a Surprise: RFA

(Oil Price Information Service)  EPA's move Monday proposing enhancements to its Renewable Fuel Standards program was "not at all unexpected," according to a Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) official. "EPA has been very transparent about this particular proposal," RFA Vice President Geoff

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KiOR: The Inside True Story of a Company Gone Wrong. Part 4, the Year of Living Disingenuously

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... But so far, the company and its celebrity investors and directors such as former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and famed venture capitalist Vinod Khosla had escaped close scrutiny. ... The methods for keeping the truth bottled

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KiOR: The Inside True Story of a Company Gone Wrong. Part 3, “You’ve Cooked the Books”

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... The company was beginning to hurtle towards an IPO. But the fuel yields were low; the fuel was not usable by their initial chosen downstream partner; the catalyst they were using to get even down

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Flying High with Algae

(James Cook University)  A native freshwater algae grown in northern Australia can be used to create a high-quality, renewable jet fuel, an international research team has found. The multi-disciplinary team including researchers from James Cook University, University of Sydney and Israel’s

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Affordable, Drop-In Hydrocarbons from Wood: The Digest’s 2016 8-Slide Guide to CRI/GTI’s IH2 process

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The IH2 process was developed by Gas Technology Institute (GTI) of Des Plaines, Illinois—a research, development, and training organization serving energy markets.  GTI experts invented, tested, and patented IH2 technology and are providing ongoing commercialization support. Twelve

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Ensyn Nabs Chevron Exec as New CEO

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Jeffrey Jacobs, who served as Vice President of Chevron Technology Ventures until his recent retirement from Chevron, was appointed CEO of Ensyn Corporation and elected to its Board of Directors. Jacobs was also appointed as

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RFA Comments on DOE’s Innovative “Optima” Program

by Joanna Schroeder (DomesticFuel.com) The Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) had a call for information on Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines (Optima). The Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) submitted comments stating that the Association agrees that “co-optimization of future

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Shell India to Build New Demo Biofuel Plant in Bangalore

(Biofuels International)  Shell India Markets, the Indian arm of Royal Dutch Shell, has announced plans to build a five tonne/day biofuel demonstration plant using IH2 technology on the site of its new technology centre in Bangalore, India. IH2 technology is a

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Defour Group and Transportation Fuel Consulting Post Responses to DOE Request Regarding Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines

(Defour Group/Transportation Fuels Consulting)  Dean Drake of the Defour Group LLC (D4) and Gary Herwick of Transportation Fuels Consulting (TFC) have submitted comments to the U.S. Department of Energy's Request for Information about co-optimization of fuels and engines.  Their response reflects their

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Any Alcohol into Jet Fuel: The Digest’s 2016 8-Slide Guide to Byogy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Byogy has developed a catalytic platform that converts any source of ethanol, butanol, mixed alcohols, or related olefins, into full replacement, and cost competitive biofuels including gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. Byogy’s jet fuel is

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IH2 Technology Licensed for Demonstration Plant

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Norwegian company to convert woody biomass into transportation fuels  --  In Texas, SynSel Energi has entered into an IH2 process demonstration license agreement with CRI/Criterion Catalyst Company Ltd, a member of the CRI Catalyst group,

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Up with Octane and Down with Aromatics: Continuing Health Risks with Petroleum Fuels and the Need for Engine Efficiency

by Bill Brandon (Leaders in Energy)  Our country has seen many transitions in travel technologies and fuels. In the first installment I reviewed our transition from 1) barley and oats for our horses and mules to high carbohydrate corn for

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Energy Department Announces $13.4 Million to Develop Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The Energy Department announced today (October 9, 2014) up to $13.4 million for five projects to develop advanced biofuels and bioproducts that will help drive down the cost of producing gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel from

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Vertimass Licenses ORNL Biofuel-to-Hydrocarbon Conversion Technology

(Oak Ridge National Laboratory)  Vertimass LLC, a California-based start-up company, has licensed an Oak Ridge National Laboratory technology that directly converts ethanol into a hydrocarbon blend-stock for use in transportation fuels. The ORNL technology offers a new pathway to biomass-derived renewable

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Ethanol Blending Provides Another Proxy for Gasoline Demand

(U.S. Energy Information Administration/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Measuring current U.S. gasoline demand can be difficult, as there are 160,000 retail gasoline stations and more than 250 million vehicles in the country. ... Under present market conditions, where nearly all gasoline sold is

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Ethanol Now Being Mixed into Some Premium Blends of Gasoline

by Matt Kelley (Radio Iowa)  ... Due to a national change in how gasolines are being refined, some premium blends will now contain corn-based ethanol. Monte Shaw, executive director of the Iowa Renewable Fuels Association, says it’s been a quiet, yet monumental,

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EPA Report on Pollutants, Ethanol Is Flawed, White Paper Says

by Holly Jessen (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Ethanol Across America has released a new white paper that indicates mid-level ethanol blends offer much greater emission and health benefits than indicated by U.S. EPA models. The three-page document authored by Steve Vander

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Letter, 9/4: Ethanol the Choice for Many Reasons

by Todd Sneller (Lincoln Journal Star/Nebraska Ethanol Board)   The well-written article “Cost of gas could soar” (Aug. 25) explains that oil companies have made a business decision that will further increase their profits by reducing the octane rating of gasoline

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Cool Planet for Biogasoline

by Rich Piellisch (Fleets and Fuels)  Vehicle in Ventura ‘Brings Us One Step Closer to Commercializing’ Camarillo, Calif.-based Cool Planet is talking up the successful trial of its biomass-derived synthetic gasoline with the Ventura County Parks Department. There, officials ran a

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Ethanol-Free Fuel Will Cost More, May Be Scarce

by Richard Piersol   (Lincoln Journal-Star)  Demand for renewable credits helps change market Prices of premium and regular grades of gasoline without ethanol are likely to rise in Nebraska and Iowa, and those fuels may become harder to find as oil refiners

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Cool Planet to Invest $168M in Louisiana – Stealthy Biotechnology Heads for Scale

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The complete Cool Planet story. What is it? Why transformational? What are the next steps?  New venture will convert wood waste to gasoline. In Louisiana, Cool Planet Energy Systems CEO Howard Janzen, flanked by Louisiana Gov.

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Ethanol--Does the RFS Matter?

by Scott Irwin and Darrel Good (University of Illinois/FarmDocDaily)  ...The suggestion to waive the mandate assumes that ethanol production and blending is motivated only by the RFS and that a lower mandate would result in less ethanol production and blending and

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equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm 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