BioChemicals/Renewable Chemicals

Back TO HOME

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the Agile BioFoundry Projects

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Agile BioFoundry is a consortium of seven U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratories that operate as a distributed biofoundry in collaboration with industry and academia. They partner with the biomanufacturing industry to accelerate bioproduct

Read Full Article

Global Direct Air Capture Conference --- October 16-17, 2023 --- New York, NY

The conference is dedicated to accelerating the responsible development and deployment of Direct Air Capture (DAC) to help address climate change.  It aims to be a marquee annual event for knowledge-sharing and cross-sectoral discussions in this rapidly advancing field, bringing together

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to DMC Bio

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The REenergize webcast series returned to the airwaves again this past week and first presenter was ABLC veteran and DMC Bio’s CEO and co-founder, Matt Lipscomb, with this cogent and comprehensive  update on efficiently developing and

Read Full Article

Hyundai Seeks Tech to Produce Clean Hydrogen from Food Waste

by Sungsu Bae (The Korea Economic Daily)  Hyundai plans to work on system that produces 216 kg of clean hydrogen a day, enough to charge over 34 NEXO FCEVs  --  Hyundai Motor Group is set to develop technology to produce clean hydrogen

Read Full Article

Groupe E Produced Its First Green Hydrogen Molecules at Schiffenen

(Group E (Google Translation)) Barely a year after work began, Groupe E has just commissioned its green hydrogen production plant, near the Schiffenen dam. The company is now carrying out the necessary tests and adjustments before being able to fully exploit the

Read Full Article

CU Boulder’s Weimer Lab Unveils Economical Method for Producing Clean Fuel

by Susan Glairon  (University of Colorado Boulder)  The University of Colorado Boulder’s Weimer Lab has introduced an efficient and economical method to use renewable energy to produce fuel, opening doors to clean and sustainable energy sources for a wide array of industries,

Read Full Article

U.S. Should Expand and Standardize Plastics Collection and Recycling, Study Potential Uses in Infrastructure, Says New Report

(National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine) It is in society’s economic and environmental interests to expand and standardize plastics waste collection, increase recycling, and explore new applications for plastics waste in infrastructure, says new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and

Read Full Article

Methanol-to-Jet: Taking Off

by Anna Simet (SAF Magazine) Methanol as an alternative fuel continues to make headlines, and leading companies are evaluating the possibilities—not just in aviation, but marine and other sectors as well. A July 25 webinar hosted by the Commercial Aviation Alternative

Read Full Article

How a Bacterial Enzyme Could Revolutionize Aviation Biofuels

by Rizwan Choudhury (Interesting Engineering) A breakthrough discovery by a team of Brazilian researchers could open up new biotechnological pathways to produce renewable hydrocarbons for aviation from different feedstocks. Scientists have found an enzyme that can replace the traditional metal-based catalysts used in

Read Full Article

NewHydrogen Announces Disruptive Technology to Produce the World’s Cheapest Green Hydrogen

(NewHydrogen/Globe Newswire) Working with a team of world-class chemical and materials engineers at UC Santa Barbara, the Company is developing a better way to efficiently split water into cheap green hydrogen with a thermochemical approach, using heat instead of electricity NewHydrogen, Inc. (OTC:NEWH), the developer of a

Read Full Article

Additional Selections for Funding Opportunity Announcement 2400: Clean Hydrogen Production, Storage, Transport and Utilization to Enable a Net-Zero Carbon Economy (Round 3)

(U.S. Department of Energy)  AREA OF INTEREST 4 — ADVANCED AIR SEPARATION FOR LOW-COST H2 PRODUCTION VIA MODULAR GASIFICATION An Advanced Modular Redox Air Separation System for Cost-Effective, Net-Zero Hydrogen Production — North Carolina State University (Raleigh, North Carolina) intends to develop a redox-based, radically engineered modular

Read Full Article

On Top of SAF: ... Topsoe Believes All Possible Pathways Are Needed—but for Most, Investment Costs Remain High.

by  Susanne Retka Schill (SAF Magazine) U.S. SAF goals are lofty. New tax credits provide real incentives. Multiple technologies are ready to roll. Opportunities lie ahead.  But the challenges are complex, Henrik Rasmussen, Topsoe’s managing director for the Americas, tells SAF Magazine.

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to DOE’s overview of Renewable Carbon Resources

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office (establishes partnerships with key public and private stakeholders to develop technologies for producing cost-competitive advanced biofuels from non-food biomass resources, including cellulosic biomass, algae, and wet waste (e.g.,

Read Full Article

Union Government Unveils Green Hydrogen Standards, Sets Emission Thresholds for Production

(MyIndMakers) On Saturday (August 19, 2023), the central government announced Green Hydrogen standards, which defined electrolysis and biomass-based processes. India became one of the few countries to have a definition for green hydrogen. According to a statement from the New and Renewable Energy Ministry,

Read Full Article

Fidelis New Energy Selects Mason County West Virginia for Lifecycle Carbon Neutral Hydrogen Project, Data Center Campus, and Greenhouse Complex

(Fidelis New Energy/PR Newswire)  Fidelis New Energy® has selected Mason County, West Virginia as the location of its first net-zero carbon hydrogen production facility incorporating FidelisH2® proprietary technologies, a data center campus powered and cooled by clean hydrogen, and a greenhouse system utilizing waste heat

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Kore Infrastructure

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Kore boldly describes its carbon negative pyrolysis process as “a paradigm shift, offering businesses an environmentally and economically sustainable way to convert organic waste into renewable energy. This means more incentives to decarbonize, fewer landfills and

Read Full Article

GranBio Invests in the Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)

By Andréia Vital (JornalCana (Google Translation)) Total value for this project will be US$ 220 million -- GranBio seeks to promote the use of energy cane for the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) in Brazil.   During participation in a webinar held by Unicamp , last week, Bernardo Gradin , CEO of the

Read Full Article

DOE Awards $34 Million to Advance Clean Hydrogen

(U.S. Department of Energy) Industry and University-Led Projects Across the Country Will Develop Technologies and Infrastructure for Efficient Hydrogen Production, Transport, and Storage -- The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today (August 17, 2023) announced the award of nearly $34 million to

Read Full Article

Lummus and Biohydrogen Technologies Establish Partnership to Develop and Deploy Blue Hydrogen Technology

(Lummus Technology/PR Newswire)  Partnership is part of Lummus' commitment to accelerate and scale technologies that lower CO2 emissions for customers -- Lummus Technology, a global provider of process technologies and value-driven energy solutions, and Biohydrogen Technologies have announced an agreement to develop

Read Full Article

Equatic’s Transformative Technology Allows Seawater to Capture & Store Carbon

(Equatic/Business Wire) Equatic White Paper Outlines Rigorous MRV Framework to Validate Process -- Carbon removal company Equatic has developed a revolutionary process that relies on seawater electrolysis to capture and store carbon dioxide (CO2), while simultaneously producing clean hydrogen. A new white paper written

Read Full Article

Biorenewables Development Centre Awarded Additional £5m for Biohydrogen Project

(Bioenergy Insight) Following on from the successful Hydrogen BECCS Innovation Programme Phase 1 funding for the H2-Boost project, the Biorenewables Development Centre (BDC) and partners have successfully been awarded £5 million (€5.8 million) for a phase 2 project. This is funded by

Read Full Article

Nearly $14 Million Announced to Advance Clean Hydrogen Innovation Application DEADLINE October 23, 2023

(New York State Energy Research and Development Authority)  Round One Makes Up to $8 Million Available to Address Challenges of Decarbonizing Industrial Process Heat and Advancing Clean Hydrogen Production and Renewable Energy Integration  --  Governor Kathy Hochul today announced a nearly $14

Read Full Article

The Digest's 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Carbon Capture and eFuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Here’s the State of Carbon Capture and eFuels presentation from the ABLC CONNECT series episode. Current and expected demand, technologies, supply chain, projects of note, current news, key players — a comprehensive but compact look at

Read Full Article

The Squeeze, Eased: LiDestri, Fermentum Take Precision Fermentation to the Next Capacity Level

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Good news has arrived from uptatte New York that LiDestri Foods and Fermentum, Inc.have revealed a joint venture and a 500,000 liter capacity, available now, for precision fermentation on a contract basis. It’s years earlier

Read Full Article

The Future of Renewable Fuels Isn’t Pipelines — It’s Green Methanol

by Jeff Bonal (CapCO2/The Gazette)  ... The process is environmentally friendly because it captures carbon before is released into the atmosphere. Also exciting are byproducts that can be sold as commodities rather than transported by pipeline and buried as waste. The production

Read Full Article

LanzaTech Chief Sustainability Officer: ‘There’s No Need to Take Carbon Out of the Ground; There’s Enough above Ground to Make Everything We Need’

by Elaine Watson (Ag Funder News) A specialist in converting carbon emissions from industrial processes into high-value products via a continuous microbial fermentation process, Illinois-based LanzaTech started out as a fuel company, but is also seeking to make waves in new areas from packaging to

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Vertimass

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Proprietary Vertimass Technology can lower costs of sustainable fuels for aircraft and light and heavy duty vehicles while providing a new route to renewable chemicals. Rapid development and deployment of novel Vertimass technology for conversion of

Read Full Article

Brazil Studying Some $30 bBn in Low-Carbon Hydrogen Projects, Secretary Says

by Laticia Fucuchima (Reuters)  Brazil is studying some $30 billion in projects looking to produce low-carbon hydrogen, an official from the country's mines and energy ministry said on Wednesday, estimating the country has a potential output of 1.8 billion metric tons. The South

Read Full Article

Walmart Chile to Create First Industrial-Use Green Hydrogen Production Plant in Latin America

(Walmart) The project developed collaboratively with the generating company Engie will mark $15 million investment in replacing lead-acid batteries.  Last week, Walmart Inc. CEO Doug McMillon attended the grand opening of a green hydrogen plant at Walmart’s Quilicura Distribution Center in Santiago,

Read Full Article

Shell, Raizen Push Ethanol-to-H2 in Brazil

by Flávia Pierry (Argus Media) Shell Energy Brazil has partnered with sugarcane miller Raizen to push the federal and Sao Paulo state governments to develop laws, regulations and incentives to produce hydrogen from ethanol. The companies teamed up with the University of

Read Full Article

Alberta Earmarks $45M for Hydrogen Technology Innovation

(Canadian Biomass Magazine) Alberta’s government is providing $45 million to power new hydrogen technologies that will reduce emissions and create jobs. The new funding will drive cutting-edge and first-of-their-kind hydrogen technologies to be used in production, transmission and distribution, storage, and in

Read Full Article

Nikola Bags $58.2 Million for Hydrogen Stations to Fuel Heavy-Duty Vehicles

by Kavya Blaraman (PV Magazine) The largest of the grants is $41.9 million from the California Transportation Commission, along with California Department of Transportation, to build six refueling stations for heavy-duty hydrogen fuel cell trucks in Southern California. Nikola was granted a total

Read Full Article

Carbon Capture Magazine's Podcast: Adding Value to CO2 Markets with Infrastructure

(Carbon Capture Magazine) This week's Carbon Capture Magazine's podcast features Cody Johnson at CEO at SCS Technologies. Interviewed by Danielle Piekarski of Carbon Capture Magazine.  LISTEN

Read Full Article

Many Roads to the Big H: The Digest’s Guide to Hydrogen Roadmaps 2023

Later this week, the United States is conducting a webinar to describe in detail the  U.S. National Clean Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap, including an explanation of the benefits of clean hydrogen and its role in the clean energy transition. Leaders from

Read Full Article

Department of Energy Awards $2.5 Million to Accelerate Commercialization of Bioenergy Technologies

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) today announced $2.5 million in funding, with an industry match of $2.5 million, for four projects selected from the Base Annual Appropriations Technology Commercialization Fund (TCF). The TCF is administered

Read Full Article

Gevo Announces Modularized Approach to ATJ Technology

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ... During a second quarter earnings call, Gevo CEO Patrick Gruber discussed the company’s proposed sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) technology. He said Gevo is now investing in the engineering and design of modules. He said

Read Full Article

Government Launches Pilot Plant for Renewable Hydrogen from Ethanol at USP

((São Paulo Governor's Office (Google Translation)) Governor Tarcísio de Freitas reinforces the state management's commitment to research and development of energy transition Technologies -- Governor Tarcísio de Freitas reinforced this Thursday (10th), in the capital, the commitment of the state administration to

Read Full Article

Clariant's MegaMax® Catalyst Chosen by European Energy for World's Largest e-Methanol Plant

(Clariant) European Energy is building the world’s largest CO2-to-green methanol plant, with an annual capacity of 32,000 tons; End-customers include maritime giant Maersk, the Lego Group and Novo Nordisk; MegaMax catalyst optimally suited for green methanol production due to its high activity and

Read Full Article

REGA Energy Group Completes 60M€ Funding Round

(REGA Energy Group) REGA Energy Group completed an additional funding round of EUR 60 M with current investor SWEN Capital Partners, a leading European infrastructure fund specialized in biomethane and green hydrogen. "We are delighted to further support REGA in its growth.

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Advanced Biorefineries

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Here’s the State of Advanced Biorefineries presentation from the ABLC CONNECT series episode. Current and expected demand, technologies, supply chain, projects of note, current news, key players — a comprehensive but compact look at the industry in this

Read Full Article

Rid Us this Day our Daily Waste: New Path out of the Plastics Problem

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... The main reason is that the products made by existing processes are so low in value that, instead of making treasure from trash, we make trash from trash, and there’s no cash. The fact that

Read Full Article

Treasury to Miss Deadline for IRA Clean Hydrogen Guidance

by David Ioconangelo (Politico Pro Energywire) The guidance is highly anticipated as it could influence the industry's emissions and growth trajectory into the 2030s.-- The Treasury Department will miss its Aug. 16 deadline to issue guidance on the Inflation Reduction Act's first-ever

Read Full Article

High Hopes for Hydrogen

by Sue Retka Schill (Biomass Magazine) Multiple new projects promise to expand biogenic hydrogen production, but only if unhindered by rules favoring electrolyzers. -- Federal goals and incentives are laying a launch pad for renewable hydrogen, aiming at a five-fold increase

Read Full Article

Q&A: How Gevo’s ETO Technology Aims to Make Aviation More Sustainable

(Bio.News) ... Bio.News spoke with experts at Gevo, a renewable chemicals and advanced biofuels company, to understand their ethanol-to-olefins (ETO) technology and how it aims to make aviation more sustainable. ... Gevo has been working on converting ethanol into olefins since roughly 2015. The

Read Full Article

Origin Materials and Proman Partner to Produce Low-Carbon Biofuels

(Origin Materials/Business Wire) Proman, one of the world’s largest producers of methanol, and Origin Materials signed an agreement to explore the production and global distribution of biofuels -- -Origin Materials, Inc. (“Origin,” “Origin Materials,” or the “Company”) (NASDAQ: ORGN, ORGNW), the world’s leading

Read Full Article

Mote Kicks off Second Biomass to Hydrogen Project in Northern California

(Mote/Business Wire)  The biomass-to-hydrogen startup is partnering with Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) to expand its operations to a second location supported by $1.2M in grants from the US Forest Service, the California Department of Conservation, and the California Department of

Read Full Article

China Issues First Hydrogen Industry Guideline

(CGTN)  China on Tuesday (August 8, 2023) released its first national guideline for the development of industrial standards for the production, storage, transport and use of hydrogen energy. According to the World Economic Forum's latest white paper, China is the largest producer and

Read Full Article

Governor of the Japanese Bank after Memorandum of Understanding: "Chile Is One of the Most Promising Countries for the Production of Green Hydrogen"

By Matías Vera (Report Minero &Energetic (Google Translation)) With the aim of promoting cooperation in sectors that use hydrogen and ammonia as fuel sources, the Ministry of Energy signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Japan Bank for International Cooperation. The Ministry

Read Full Article

Hyphen Hydrogen Energy Announces MoU with ITOCHU Corporation, a Major Trading Company in Japan

(Hyphen Hydrogen)  Hyphen Hydrogen Energy (Hyphen) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with ITOCHU Corporation (ITOCHU) to explore areas for potential collaboration between them to drive forward sub-Saharan Africa’s largest, and only, fully vertically-integrated green hydrogen project. Hyphen and ITOCHU, one

Read Full Article

Topsoe Selected by World Energy GH2 to Supply Ammonia Loop for Canada's Largest Renewable Hydrogen Plant

by Ulrik Frohlke (Topsoe) Topsoe, a global leader in carbon emission reduction technologies, has signed an agreement with World Energy GH2 solutions provider, to provide Topsoe’s dynamic ammonia loop technology for Canada’s largest, and one of the world’s first-to-market, renewable hydrogen

Read Full Article

Amyris’ Bankruptcy Filing: Complete Details

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Here follows the complete Amyris statement with respect to its Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing. Amyris, Inc. (Nasdaq: AMRS) (“Amyris” or the “Company”), a leading synthetic biotechnology company accelerating the world’s transition to sustainable consumption through its Lab-to-Market™

Read Full Article

CATAGEN Receives £4.9m from UK Government for Biohydrogen Reactor Project

(Bioenergy Insight) CATAGEN, the net zero innovation company, has been awarded a record £4.9 million (€5.7 million) in funding by the UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) to develop its novel ClimaHtech BIOHGEN Biohydrogen Reactor in Belfast, Northern

Read Full Article

Revolutionizing Ammonia Production

by James Lawler (Climate Now)  The Nobel-prize winning discovery of how to create synthetic ammonia has been called the “most momentous technical advance in history,” and for good reason. Today about half of the food consumed worldwide comes from the increased harvest yields resulting from

Read Full Article

LG Chem Secures Waste Cooking Oil Supply for Biodiesel Production

by Seo Jin-woo and Han Yubin (Pulse)  LG Chem Ltd. is poised to kick off a project that produces biodiesel using waste cooking oil as part of its drive for renewable materials. According to industry sources on Tuesday (August 1, 2023), the South

Read Full Article

MHI Inaugurates Operations at "Nagasaki Carbon Neutral Park,"

(Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) A Development Base for Energy Decarbonization Technologies --The new facility is purposed to develop fuel production and combustion technologies, aiming for increased use of hydrogen, biomass and ammonia;  The existing development, design and production bases in Nagasaki District will

Read Full Article

PCC Hydrogen Secured Crucial Funding from USDA and KSTC

(PCC Hydrogen/Business Wire) PCC Hydrogen Inc. (PCCH2) is pleased to announce that the company has been awarded a highly competitive Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Phase I Award of $175,000 from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of

Read Full Article

Launch of Demonstration Experiment for CO2 Capture from Waste-to-Energy Plant Flue Gas for Use in Methanation

(Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) Joint Project by the City of Yokohama, Tokyo Gas, and MHI Group to Establish a CCU Chain Based on Regional Cooperation -- The City of Yokohama and Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. (Tokyo Gas), together with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

Read Full Article

North Dakota Regulators Deny Siting Permit for Summit Carbon Dioxide Pipeline; Company Will Reapply

by Jack Dura (Associated Press) North Dakota regulators denied a siting permit Friday for a proposed carbon dioxide pipeline that would cross five states. The decision complicates an already complex process for Summit Carbon Solutions, which is seeking similar authorization in the

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the Road to Net Zero Ammonia

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) NexantECA senior consultant Josh Velson returned to the ABLC stage at ABLC 2023 for a presentation on the opportunities in net zero ammonia. Ammonia constitutes nearly half of the chemical industry’s GHG output. Radical and rapid

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the Road to Net Zero Ammonia

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) NexantECA senior consultant Josh Velson returned to the ABLC stage at ABLC 2023 for a presentation on the opportunities in net zero ammonia. Ammonia constitutes nearly half of the chemical industry’s GHG output. Radical and rapid

Read Full Article

Partnership Agreements Extend Collaboration on Green Hydrogen Pilot Projects in Morocco

(Chariot Green Hydrogen) Chariot Green Hydrogen Limited, a subsidiary of Chariot Limited, the Africa-focused transitional energy group, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) and Oort Energy Limited (Oort), are pleased to have signed further Partnership Agreements to extend their collaboration, as

Read Full Article

Swiss Firm to Allocate 1$ Bln for Green Hydrogen Production in Egypt

(Asharq Al Awsat)  Smartenergy intends to expand in Egypt by producing green hydrogen in a project of initial value worth one billion dollars, said well-informed sources. The company is specialized in renewable energy. Smartenergy didn’t make an official statement regarding the project, but

Read Full Article

Manchester’s Sewage Biogas to Be Used for Hydrogen Production

(Bioenergy Insight) Sewage biogas produced in Manchester is set to become a sustainable feed source for graphene and hydrogen production, due to a pioneering partnership between Levidian and United Utilities. The UK government-funded collaboration is a first for the UK's water industry

Read Full Article

Western Australia Approves Its First Green Hydrogen Facilities

(Bioenergy Insight) Western Australia’s first green hydrogen facilities were given the green light following recent assessments and inspections by Dangerous Goods Officers from the Department of Mines Industry Regulation and Safety (DMIRS) Worksafe Petroleum Safety and Dangerous Goods Directorate. The new green

Read Full Article

Lufthansa Group and HCS Group Sign Letter of Intent on the Production and Supply of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) ‘Made in Germany’

(Lufthansa) Lufthansa Group drives forward the market ramp-up and use of SAF as a core element of its sustainability strategy; Production at the Haltermann Carless site in Speyer to start in 2026 with a volume of 60,000 tons per year; SAF is a

Read Full Article

Biotechnology Organization Lists Farm Bill Priorities

by Sabrina Halvorson (Southeast AgNet Radio Network) Farm Bill priorities for the biotech industry. That’s coming up on This Land of Ours. The Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) says the next Farm Bill offers opportunities to invest in long-term food security, climate resiliency, and growing the

Read Full Article

Iowa Ag Entrepreneur, Carbon Capture Pipeline Advocate Hosts Presidential Candidates

by Brianne Pfannenstiel and Donnelle Eller (Des Moines Register) A handful of Republican presidential candidates attended a private event this week hosted by Iowa agriculture entrepreneur and GOP donor Bruce Rastetter, who's behind Summit Carbon Solution's plan to build a controversial carbon capture

Read Full Article

Enerkem and Technip Energies Join Forces on Waste-to-Biofuels and Circular Chemicals Technology Deployment

(Enerkem/PR Newswire) Enerkem Inc. and Technip Energies have signed a memorandum of understanding to enter into a Collaboration Agreement aimed at accelerating the deployment of Enerkem's technology platform for biofuels and circular chemical products from non-recyclable waste materials. Enerkem’s Edmonton commercial-scale demonstration

Read Full Article

UvA Chemists Recycle Shrimp Waste as Catalyst for Hydrogen Generation

(University of Amsterdam) Flexible spheres of the biomolecule chitosan, made from shrimp waste, can be used for catalysts that generate hydrogen gas from borohydride salts. In a paper in Green Chemistry, a research team at the University of Amsterdam (UvA) shows

Read Full Article

Ohmium and Aquastill Form Strategic Collaboration to Produce Green Hydrogen from Seawate

(Ohmium) New application of sustainable desalination technology powered using waste heat to enable expansion of green hydrogen production – Ohmium International (“Ohmium”), a leading green hydrogen company that designs, manufactures, and deploys advanced Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, today announced a strategic collaboration with Aquastill,

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Biomass Feedstocks and Supply-Chains

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Here’s the State of Biomass Feedstocks and Supply-Chains presentation from the ABLC CONNECT series episode. Available supply, conventional crops, new crops and trees, cover crops, R&D initiatives, consortia — a comprehensive but compact look at the industry in

Read Full Article

ACT now: Aries Clean Technology on the Cusp of Its Destiny

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... For the love of sludge and the carbon possibilities, I have long kept an eye on Aries Clean Technology and it has not been an easy ride for this company in its journey to first

Read Full Article

Biofuel and Specialty Chemical Production from Waste By-products Using Genetically-Engineered Bacteria

(Columbia University)  This technology is a genetically modified sulfur oxidizing and iron-reducing bacterial strain that can produce biofuels and specialty chemicals from waste by-products. Unmet Need: Method for managing waste while producing biofuels and chemicals Natural gas, a finite resource, must be replaced

Read Full Article

A Left-Right Alliance Puts Iowa’s CO2 Pipelines on the Presidential Agenda

by Jonathan Weisman (New York Times) Liberal environmentalists and conservative landowners, led by the former congressman Steve King, are pressuring Republican candidates to oppose three Midwestern pipelines. --  Emma Schmidt, a lifelong environmental activist in Rockwell City, Iowa, had long searched for potent

Read Full Article

Presidential Candidate Doug Burgum Defends Eminent Domain to Build Carbon Capture Pipelines

by Donnelle Eller (Des Moines Register)  North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum said Sunday he wants to see carbon capture pipeline projects succeed to boost the value of Midwest corn and soybeans — and help revitalize struggling rural towns. “The whole point of

Read Full Article

Repsol Will Invest 120 Million to Transform a Plant in Puertollano to Produce Biodiesel

(La Vanguardia/Servimedia (Google Translation)) Repsol is going to invest 120 million euros to transform a unit of its plant in Puertollano (Ciudad Real) with the aim of producing biodiesel from 2025. ... Repsol's plans are to reach a production of 200,000 tons

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Anellotech

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Founded in 2008, Anellotech is a sustainable technology company that has invented and is developing innovative technologies to produce cost effective, renewable chemical and to recycle mixed plastics. Over the past years Anellotech has raised over

Read Full Article

Portugal to Hold Its First Auction for Centralised Purchase of Biomethane and Renewable Hydrogen

(Biofuels International) On 11 July, Portugal's Ministry of Environment and Climate Action announced a public consultation of the first auction of the centralised purchase of biomethane and renewable hydrogen, for injection into the national gas network, reported CE NoticiasFinancieras. The auction will last

Read Full Article

CO2 Utilization: Biofuel from the Stack

by Katie Schroeder (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Utilization technologies are stimulating interest in ethanol producers’ constant coproduct, carbon dioxide. An initiative from the U.S. Department of Energy has formed the CO2 Reduction and Upgrading for E-fuels Consortium—or CO2RUe—made up of labs across the

Read Full Article

BioEnergie Park Güstrow Ready to Be Placed into Operation

(EnviTec Biogas) LCO2 tank successfully connected -- The conversion and assembly work at Germany's largest integrated bio-LNG plant with bio-CO2 liquefaction – BioEnergie Park Güstrow in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania – has just been completed. The EnviTec Biogas team is now ready to start placing

Read Full Article

EQTEC plc Signs Collaboration Framework Agreement with Domi Ost Limited

(EQTEC/Market Screener)  EQTEC plc announced that it has signed a Collaboration Framework Agreement with Domi Ost Limited. Through the Agreement, the Company and Domi Ost will collaborate on the design and development of projects in Ireland that deploy EQTEC synthesis gas

Read Full Article

Allotrope Partners LLC, Axens North America and Sumitomo Corporation of Americas to Study Commercial Production of Low Carbon Biofuel Using Woody Biomass from Forest Thinning in California

(Sumitomo Corporation of Americas)  Allotrope Partners LLC ("Allotrope"), Axens North America ("Axens"), and Sumitomo Corporation of Americas ("SCOA") announced the signing of an agreement to develop a Joint Study for a commercial plant producing cellulosic bioethanol, utilizing the Axens Futurol™ process,

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Renewable Chemicals and Materials

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Here’s the State of Renewable Chemicals and Materials presentation from the ABLC CONNECT series episode.The Value Stack, planned capacity, mandates, incentives, major players and their recent activities, pathways, mandates around the world, molecules, and markets. It’s a comprehensive

Read Full Article

TAU Team Produces 'Green' Hydrogen with over 90% Efficiency

by Maayan Jaffe-Hoffman  (Jerusalem Post) ... A team of researchers from Tel Aviv University has produced "green" hydrogen – hydrogen that is produced without polluting carbon dioxide emissions but is still highly efficient, the university said. Their research was published in a study in the peer-reviewed Carbon

Read Full Article

Carbon Sink LLC, Rose Cay Maritime Forge Strategic Alliance for Advanced Low-Carbon Maritime Fuel Logistics

(Carbon Sink/Rose Cay Maritime)  Carbon Sink’s green methanol fuel provides low-emissions alternative to traditional shipping fuels;  Agreement with Rose Cay Maritime will increase green methanol availability to shippers, cutting sector’s CO2 emissions within four years — Carbon Sink LLC, a pioneering green

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Megatrends Driving Low Carbon Intensity Developments

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Due Diligence Wolfpack member Steve Slome of NexantECA presented these slides at ABLC 2023 on Renewable Power, Hydrogen, Methanol, Ammonia, and Carbon Capture; including the Overlap Between Sustainability and Digitalization: Smart Meters with Mass Balance, Electrification,

Read Full Article

U of A Spinoff Company Teaming up with Edmonton International Airport to Develop Biojet Facility

 by Bev Betkowski (University of Alberta) Researcher’s innovative biowaste-to-fuel technology takes another step toward industrial-scale application. Forge Hydrocarbons, a University of Alberta spinoff company producing renewable fuels and chemicals, is collaborating with Edmonton International Airport (YEG) to work towards a new biojet fuel production

Read Full Article

Aviation Sector Buys into Cutting-Edge Ways to Reduce CO2 Footprint

by Ken Silverstein (Forbes) ... To that end, a new plant is breaking ground today in Washington State to transform CO2 into jet fuel — a technology that could clean up air travel. The U.S. Air Force has tested the product, affirming that

Read Full Article

Nikola and Fortescue Future Industries Commit to Creating American Green Energy Jobs with Acquisition of Nikola's Phoenix Hudrogen Hub

(Nikola/PR Newswire) Fortescue Future Industries to acquire Nikola's Phoenix Hydrogen Hub project for the purpose of constructing an electrolysis-based hydrogen production facility; Nikola and Fortescue Future Industries are working towards a hydrogen supply agreement to support Nikola's hydrogen fuel cell electric trucks  Nikola

Read Full Article

Mercury Renewables Plans €200m Wind Farm and Hydrogen Plant

(Business Plus)  Mayo-based renewable energy developer Mercury Renewables has submitted the first-ever Strategic Infrastructure Development (SID) planning application to An Bord Pleanála for a €200m utility-scale integrated wind farm and green hydrogen project. The planned development would produce 4.5m kilograms of green hydrogen per

Read Full Article

GAIL, LanzaTech Enter Strategic Partnership to Explore Biorecycling Carbon Waste into Fuels and Chemicals

(LanzaTech/Yahoo!)  GAIL (India) Limited, India’s largest natural gas company and LanzaTech Global, Inc., (Nasdaq: LNZA)—an innovative carbon capture and utilization (“CCU”) company that converts waste carbon into products that people use in their daily lives—have entered a partnership to explore innovative

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to H2SIte

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Dr. Eduardo, program manager at H2Site, was special guest on ABLC Connect, and here are his slides as he takes us through H2Site’s proprietary membrane reactor technology which offers a new pathway for efficient, affordable transport

Read Full Article

HYCO1 and Kansas Ethanol Collaborate on World's Largest Biogenic CO2 Utilization Facility

(HYCO1/PR Newswire) HYCO1, Inc.  announces that it has entered into a 20-year carbon dioxide supply agreement with Kansas Ethanol, located in Lyons, Kansas for the planned construction of the world's largest biogenic carbon dioxide utilization facility, Green Carbon Synthetics Kansas, LLC.  HYCO1 is

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Iogen’s State of Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Brian Foody, CEO of Iogen was special guest this past week on ABLC Connect, and he took us through hydrogen’s promise and progress, milestones achieved and the next ones down the road, and especially a deep

Read Full Article

Aemetis Awarded the First CO2 Sequestration Characterization Well Permit Issued by the State of California

(Aemetis) Aemetis Carbon Capture subsidiary achieves full permitting to drill a CO2 sequestration characterization well on the 24-acre Riverbank site acquired in 2022; Site preparation and access road for drilling equipment already completed -- Aemetis, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMTX), a renewable natural gas and

Read Full Article

Politecnico, Fuels: Plant to Obtain Biomethanol from Biogas Was Built

(Milan Post (Google Translation))    “An innovative industrial plant capable of producing biomethanol from biogas, the result of a five-year effort by the Milan Polytechnic and Fattoria Autonoma Tabacchi SC, is now a reality, thanks to BIGSQUID (Biogas-to-liquid) technology. Thus won

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Here’s the State of Hydrogen presentation from the ABLC CONNECT series episode.The Value Stack, planned capacity, mandates, incentives, major players and their recent activities, pathways, mandates around the world, molecules, and markets. It’s a comprehensive but

Read Full Article

Taming the Wildfires: Kore, Tule River in Carbon-Negative Biohydrogen Project Using California’s Deadwood

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... They call this kind of wood “non-merchantable”, and this project will remove and process 48 tons per day of them, from the 57,000 acres of Sierra Nevada Forest managed by Tule River, which is also

Read Full Article

Lhyfe selected by Epinal Urban Community to create a green and renewable hydrogen production site in Epinal (France), and to develop the future Grand Est region fuel chain

(Lhyfe) - Lhyfe’s project selected in the consultation launched by Epinal Urban Community (Communauté Agglomération d’Epinal) and piloted by Vosj’Innove. - An ambitious, cross-border project (several dozen megawatts of installed capacity will produce hydrogen for local, German, Belgian and Dutch

Read Full Article

Plug Secures 100 MW Electrolyzer Deal for Green Hydrogen Project in Europe

(Plug Power) Largest green hydrogen project in oil and gas sector in Europe --  Plug Power Inc. (NASDAQ: PLUG), a global leader in comprehensive hydrogen solutions for the green hydrogen economy, secured an order for 100 megawatts (MW) of proton exchange membrane (PEM)

Read Full Article

E.U.’s ‘Green’ Hydrogen Rules May Shape American Industry

by David Iaconangelo (E&E News Energywire) The European Union’s definition of “green” hydrogen is emerging as a potential model for the U.S., with global repercussions for emissions, trade and production of the fuel. Europe’s plan also is shaking up a debate over

Read Full Article

Xynteo Unveils Clean Hydrogen Technology Accelerator, Energy Leap, to Drive Sustainable Energy Innovation

(Xynteo) Xynteo, in partnership with the SED Fund, Technip Energies and Research and Innovation Circle of Hyderabad (RICH), is proud to announce the launch of Energy Leap. Energy Leap will be Asia's first end-to-end clean hydrogen technology accelerator focused on driving sustainable energy

Read Full Article

Ireland Unveils Its National Hydrogen Strategy

(William Fry) The Irish government yesterday published the National Hydrogen Strategy (the Strategy), which is the latest policy document identifying its long-term strategic vision towards decarbonising the economy, enhancing the country’s energy security and creating industrial and market opportunities. The Strategy envisions Ireland

Read Full Article

Lhyfe to Develop New Green Hydrogen Plant in Germany

by Anthony Wright (Gasworld) European energy transition specialist Lhyfe has announced the development of a 70 megawatt (MW) green hydrogen plant to be located in Perl, Saarland in southwestern Germany. Lhyfe plans for the plant to deliver up to 30 tonnes of

Read Full Article

£5 Million of Funding Awarded by UK Research and Innovation for New Impact Focused Bioenergy Hub

(Supergen Bioenergy) The Supergen Bioenergy Hub is delighted to announce the successful award of £5 million to deliver the new impact focused bioenergy hub for the next 4 years starting in November 2023. The funding awarded by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)

Read Full Article

Yosemite Clean Energy Receives $5M Grant to Advance Ultra-Low Carbon Fuels for Sustainable Future

(Yosemite Clean Energy/Newswire) The grant will support YCE's ongoing efforts to advance the development and utilization of ultra-low carbon hydrogen-based technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, decrease air pollution, prevent wildfires, and achieve California's climate change and clean air goals.  Yosemite Clean

Read Full Article

CPP Investments Partners with Power2X to Invest in Green Molecules Market

(Canada Pension Plan Investment Board/CISION)  Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPP Investments) and hydrogen project developer Power2X today announced a long-term investment partnership aimed at advancing Power2X's leading role in the global clean energy transition. The partnership plans to invest an initial €130 million to

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Oberon Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Rebecca Boudreaux, CEO of Oberon Fuels, was special guest this past week on ABLC Connect, and she took us through Oberon’s promise and progress, milestones achieved and the next ones down the road, on the journey

Read Full Article

The Carbon Dioxide Industry: A Merchant & Sequestration Perspective Today

by Sam A. Rushing (Advanced Cryogenics, Ltd/Biofuels Digest) ... The ethanol industry accounts for the highest percentage of merchant CO2 supply to adjacent refining plants, than any other sectors; approximately 45% of the approximate 110 merchant CO2 sources which have CO2

Read Full Article

IndianOil & Praj to Form JV to Build Biofuels Production in India

(Green Car Congress)  Indian Oil Corporation and Praj Industries signed a term sheet to advance plans to strengthen biofuels production capacities in India. Various biofuels covered under this MoU include Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), ethanol, compressed bio-gas (CBG), biodiesel and bio-bitumen among others.

Read Full Article

Offshore Hydrogen Production on a New Scale: HOPE Project and its Consortium Selected for a €20 Million European Commission Grant

(Lhyfe)  The HOPE (Hydrogen Offshore Production for Europe) project is being coordinated by Lhyfe (France) and implemented by eight European partners: Alfa Laval (Denmark), Plug (the Netherlands), Strohm (the Netherlands), EDP NEW (Portugal), ERM (France), CEA (France), POM-West-Vlaanderen (Belgium) and

Read Full Article

Microbial Electrosynthesis – Scientists Discover That Bacteria Can Produce More Chemical Substances Than Thought

(SciTechDaily/Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI)) How bacteria use carbon dioxide and electricity to produce useful chemical -- In the field of microbial electrosynthesis, microbes utilize CO2 and electricity to generate substances like alcohol. The precise biological mechanisms

Read Full Article

CEFC Backs New Green Hydrogen Technology Turning Waste into Super Energy

(CEFC)  The CEFC is backing HydGene Renewables, a new Australian company that has developed an alternative green hydrogen solution that turns biomass into hydrogen in a process that is both renewable and carbon negative.   The HydGene technique uses novel biocatalysts to convert

Read Full Article

A New Hydrogen: from Methane, via Pyrolysis, without the CO2 Release

by Chingis Idrissov (IDTechEx/Biofuels Digest) Digest note. This column from Chingis Idrissov focuses on production of hydrogen from methane, with an underlying assumption that the methane will come from fossil gas reserves. But, not necessarily so. There’s renewable methane, which

Read Full Article

Hydrogen Is a More Potent Greenhouse Gas than Previously Reported, New Study Reveals

by Rachel Parkes (Hydrogen Insight) Indirect atmospheric warming effects of H2 shown with more certainty to be higher than ever, increasing climate risk of hydrogen leakage -- The warming potential of hydrogen as an indirect greenhouse gas has been shown to be

Read Full Article

Transitioning to a Sustainable, Circular Economy for Plastics Workshop June 8–9, 2023 Presentations Available

During the workshop, diverse stakeholders provided input on current challenges and opportunities to addressing and reducing plastic waste. This input was gathered to advance DOE’s vision for its Strategy for Plastics Innovation to develop and deploy technologies that minimize plastic waste and

Read Full Article

Turning Ethanol into Hydrogen

by Luke Geiver (Ethanol Producer Magazine) A new technology developed by Proteum Energy could use ethanol as a feedstock for producing hydrogen, a very real contender in the hard-to-electrify sector. -- Proteum Energy wants to work with ethanol producers to

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Ethanol Industry…Beyond Ethanol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A distinguished member of the Due Diligence Wolfpack, Michele Rubino, gave this illuminating presentation as part of the REenergize weekly series on opportunities for the ethanol industry, beyond fuel ethanol, in the face of an

Read Full Article

Primetals Technologies and LanzaTech Announce Renewal of Ten-Year Cooperation to Advance Industry Transition to Green Steel

(LanzaTech) Cooperation to accelerate deployment of LanzaTech’s commercial carbon recycling technology for iron and steel industry and expand ecosystem of partners -- Primetals Technologies, Limited and LanzaTech Global Inc. (Nasdaq: LNZA), a leading carbon capture and utilization company, today announced the

Read Full Article

Clean, Sustainable Fuels Made ‘From Thin Air’ and Plastic Waste

(Cambridge University) Researchers have demonstrated how carbon dioxide can be captured from industrial processes – or even directly from the air – and transformed into clean, sustainable fuels using just the energy from the sun. -- The researchers, from the University

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the Bioenergy Technologies Office

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office (establishes partnerships with key public and private stakeholders to develop technologies for producing cost-competitive advanced biofuels from non-food biomass resources, including cellulosic biomass, algae, and wet waste (e.g.,

Read Full Article

Germany: TotalEnergies and VNG Join Forces on Green Hydrogen to Decarbonize the Leuna Refinery

(TotalEnergies)  TotalEnergies and VNG, a German natural gas distribution company, have signed an agreement to initiate the future supply of green hydrogen to the Leuna refinery operated by TotalEnergies. Under the agreement, green hydrogen will be produced from renewable electricity

Read Full Article

Toyota, Toyota Tsusho, and Mitsubishi Kakoki to Introduce Thailand's First Biogas-Derived Hydrogen Production Equipment, Operation to Begin in 2023

(Toyota/JCN Newswire)  Biogas derived from chicken manure and food waste to help achieve carbon neutrality in Thailand -- Toyota Motor Corporation (Toyota), Toyota Tsusho Corporation (Toyota Tsusho), and Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha, Ltd. (Mitsubishi Kakoki) will introduce biogas-derived hydrogen production equipment

Read Full Article

Repsol and Toyota Spain to Offer Integral Solution for Renewable Hydrogen Mobility

(Repsol/AltFuels)  Repsol and Toyota Spain have among their main lines of action the promotion of net zero emission technologies to contribute to the decarbonisation of society. That shared ambition led both companies to sign a collaboration agreement to promote the use

Read Full Article

EPM's Podcast Series: Optimizing Carbon Management Opportunities: A Conversation with Navigator CO2

(Ethanol Producer Magazine) This week's Ethanol Producer Magazine podcast features, Elizabeth Burns-Thompson, Vice President, Government and Public Affairs of Navigator CO2. Interviewed by Katie Schroeder of Ethanol Producer Magazine. (12.36 min) LISTEN South Dakota Ethanol Industry Considers Ramifications of Carbon Dioxide

Read Full Article

U.S., India Strike Deals on Climate Cooperation

by Sara Schonhardt (E&E News Politico Pro Climatewire) The two countries agreed to accelerate joint work on clean hydrogen, carbon capture technologies, and offshore and onshore wind power. -- India and the United States on Thursday injected new energy into

Read Full Article

Neste and the Other Leading Energy Companies in Finland Join Forces to Develop an Industrial Hydrogen Valley

(Neste) Neste Corporation, Gasgrid Finland Ltd, Helen Ltd, and Vantaa Energy Ltd have in collaboration started preliminary studies on the development of an industrial hydrogen valley in the Uusimaa region, Finland. This joint effort is a step forward in driving Finland

Read Full Article

EDF, Holcim, IFPEN and Axens Join Forces to Participate Together in the Creation of the French E-Fuels Air Transport Industry, with the "Take Kair" Project, Supported by Air France-KLM

(Axens) The objective of this cooperation is to take advantage of the complementary expertise of the signatories in order to contribute to the decarbonization of air transport and to support the emergence of the French e-SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) industry,

Read Full Article

Chile: EU, EIB and KfW to Finance renewable hydrogen projects with up to €216.5 million

(EE Online/European Investment Bank) The Team Europe Renewable Hydrogen Funding Platform for Chile will support Chile's renewable hydrogen industry and help meet the country's target of 100% clean energy by 2050. Today (June 14) the European Investment Bank (EIB), KfW Development Bank, Corporación de

Read Full Article

Canada’s First Stand-alone Renewable Diesel Refinery Completed Construction

by Christian Fernsby (Post Online Media) Canada’s first stand-alone renewable diesel refinery has completed construction and will soon begin production. -- The announcement was made on Friday, June 16, 2023, by Canada's province British Columbia and Tidewater Renewables. Using bio-feedstocks, such

Read Full Article

Decarbonising Europe’s Hydrogen Production with Biohydrogen

(European Biogas Association) The European Biogas Association, in collaboration with biogas experts, is launching a white paper on the sustainability, affordability and accessibility of biohydrogen to support its production and use in Europe. Insights are provided as to the place of

Read Full Article

Thai Cabinet Supports Ethanol Bioplastic for Eco-Friendly Transition

by Alex Morgan (Thaiger)  he Thai Cabinet has given the green light for the promotion of ethanol in the production of bioplastics, aiming to develop more eco-friendly materials, according to government spokesperson Anucha Burapachaisri. This decision supports the ethanol bioplastic manufacturing industry with tax exemptions for bioethylene,

Read Full Article

An Emerging Bonanza in Ethanol-Focused Carbon Capture?

by Jim Kendrick (Biofuels Digest) The US carbon capture market has grown, experts say, to $13 billion in 2023 and according to ExxonMobil is on the way to $4 trillion. That could mean that a bonanza for infrastructure in the form

Read Full Article

Neste Decides to Invest in Liquefied Waste Plastic Upgrading Unit at Its Porvoo Refinery

(Neste) Neste has made the final investment decision to commence construction of upgrading facilities for liquefied plastic waste at its Porvoo refinery in Finland. With the investment of 111 million euros, Neste will build the capacity to upgrade 150,000 tons of

Read Full Article

Oman’s Huge Renewable Hydrogen Potential Can Bring Multiple Benefits in Its Journey to Net Zero Emissions

(International Energy Agency) New IEA report presented to Omani Minister shows how rich renewable resources and vast land expanses could make Oman a competitive low-emissions hydrogen supplier by 2030 Oman’s high-quality renewable energy resources and vast tracts of available land make it

Read Full Article

US$ 4 bn Investment on Green Hydrogen Launched in Uruguay

(Merco Press)  Uruguayan President Luis Lacalle Pou Thursday announced that US$ 2 billion will be invested in the construction of a green hydrogen plant in Paysandú. The work to begin this year will employ between 1,500 and 3,200 jobs and the

Read Full Article

Lhyfe and Capital Energy Team up to Produce Green Hydrogen at Sea with Power from Offshore Wind Farms in Spain and Portugal

(Lhyfe) The collaboration agreement signed between Lhyfe and Capital Energy could be extended to other markets in the future. Lhyfe is one of the pioneers of green hydrogen production with an offshore production prototype already operational in France.  Lhyfe and Capital

Read Full Article

Germany, Italy Support New Hydrogen-Ready Pipeline Project

by Rachel More and Francesca Landini (Reuters)  German Chancellor Olaf Scholz said on Thursday he is pleased that Italy and Germany have agreed to push ahead with work on the construction of a pipeline to transport gas and hydrogen between the

Read Full Article

Redding Rancheria Announcel New Business and Partnership with Hydrogen 2 Energy Group (H2EG) Aimed to Create CarbonNegative Biofuels

(Redding Rncheria/PR Newswire)   The Redding Rancheria Tribe and the State of California Department of Conservation are excited to announce that a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Tribe has received a $500,000 grant from the Department of Conservation to assist the Tribe with developing a new

Read Full Article

Cepsa and Yara Clean Ammonia Seal an Alliance to Connect Southern and Northern Europe with Green Hydrogen, in the Presence of the Kings of Spain and The Netherlands

(Cepsa)  ◊ The two companies have agreed on a strategic partnership to set up the first green hydrogen maritime corridor between the ports of Algeciras and Rotterdam for the decarbonization of European industry and maritime transport The alliance incorporates

Read Full Article

States Charting the Course on ‘Green’ Hydrogen

by Arianna Skibell (Politico's Power Switch) ... An upswell of state-led legislation aimed at boosting and regulating the fuel source could help shape the trajectory of President Joe Biden’s climate plans, write David Iaconangelo, Heather Richards and Zach Bright. ... Few green hydrogen

Read Full Article

Plug Teams up with Avina to Decarbonize Commercial Trucking

(Plug Power)  Deal supports first green hydrogen production facility for heavy-duty trucks in Southern California  --  Plug Power Inc. (NASDAQ: PLUG), a leading provider of turnkey hydrogen solutions for the global green hydrogen economy, will deliver containerized proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer

Read Full Article

Plug to Provide STEF with Green Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Solutions for Cold Storage Distribution Centers

(Plug Power)  First European cold logistics customer represents expansion for Plug with its turnkey green hydrogen and fuel cell solutions; STEF is Plug’s first pedestal customer in Europe; Toyota will provide compatible fuel cell-ready forklift models  ---  Plug Power Inc. (NASDAQ: PLUG), a leading

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide Nanocellulose and Granbio Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) GranBio Technologies has developed two patented BioPlus nanocellulose production technologies to cater to different end-use markets, BioPlus® with AVAP and BioPlus with GreenBox®. Both processes are demonstrated at the scale of 1/2 tpd at GranBio

Read Full Article

Renewable Fuels from Green Refineries

(Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) Consortium of Science and Industry Develops Processes and Demand Scenarios for the Mass Production of Synthetic Fuels – Federal Funding of around EUR 7 Million Synthetic fuels from renewable energy sources are needed to reach the climate

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Raven SR

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Raven SR is a clean fuels company that transforms waste – municipal solid waste, organic waste, and methane – into high-quality, clean hydrogen and Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuels through its patented Steam/CO2 Reforming technology.  RavenSR CEO Matt

Read Full Article

Carbon Capture Bill Signed into Law by Governor Stitt DEADLINE for Public Comments June 19, 2023

(OK Energy Today) Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt this week signed legislation to pave the way for Oklahoma’s participation in a proposed hydrogen hub with Arkansas and Louisiana and for development of hydrogen projects in the state. He signed SB 200, starting the process to

Read Full Article

RFA Sees Progress as Ethanol Industry Advances toward Net-Zero Carbon Emissions

(Renewable Fuels Association)  A survey of U.S. ethanol producers shows the industry to be on track toward its net-zero-carbon goal, a new white paper and presentation indicate, with facilities producing ethanol that is up to 55 percent less carbon intensive than gasoline, on average.

Read Full Article

Unlocking the Deployment of Advanced Bioethanol Refineries

by Melich Seefeldt (Praj Industries/Biofuels Digest)  Advanced bioethanol (also named 2G or cellulosic bioethanol from inedible biomass) and its co-products lignin, stillage, and biogenic CO2 are sustainable key tools to decarbonize the difficult-to-abate transport sector. In addition, they can be

Read Full Article

PCC H2 Granted Patent on Ethanol to H2 Conversion

(PCC Hydrogen/PR Newswire)  PCC Hydrogen (“PCC H2”) is pleased to announce the issuance of its patented hydrogen production technology (US Patent 11,649,549) for coupling an electrolyzer system with a catalytic adiabatic reactor to convert ethanol into hydrogen. By leveraging ethanol’s biogenic

Read Full Article
More than 50,000 articles in our online library!

Use the categories and tags listed below to access the nearly 50,000 articles indexed on this website.

Our Sponsors
FREE Subscription! Advanced Biofuels USA events calendar; policy and actions; education newsletters
Donate
ARCHIVES
CATEGORIES
tags
Advanced Clean Fleets Rule 100 octane 100% SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) 103 octane 105 octane 108 octane 109 octane 110 octane 113 octane 119 octane 2016 US House and Senate Campaigns 2016 US Presidential Campaign 2018 US Senate and House Campaigns Other Election Activities 2020 Election 2022 Election 2022 US Senate and House Campaign 2024 Election 2nd generation biofuels 3-D 3D printing 3rd generation biofuels 4-H 40A 40B Sustainable Aviation Fuel Tax Credit 45Q Carbon Oxide Sequestration Tax Credit 45V Hydrogen Production Tax Credit 45X Advanced Manufacturing Production Tax Credit 45Z Clean Fuel Production Tax Credit 48C Advanced Energy Project Tax Credit 4th generation fuels 7% solution 81 Octane 84 octane 85 octane 87 octane 88 octane 89 octane 90 octane 91 octane 92 octane 93 octane 94 octane 95 octane 96 octane 98 octane A20 (20% methanol/bioethanol) abu Abu Dhabi acacia acetate acetic acid acetone acid acid hydrolysis adaptive evolution additional carbon additionality adequate/inadequate domestic supply Administrative Procedure Act adsorption Advanced Biofuel Payment Program advanced biofuel prices Advanced biofuels advanced biofuels production Advanced Clean Cars II Rule (ACC and ACCII) Advanced Clean Trucks Rule advanced ethanol advanced ethanol tax credit advertising campaign aerobic digestion aerosols Affordable Clean Energy Program (ACE) afforestation Afghanistan Africa AGARDA (Agriculture Advanced Research and Development Authority) agave aggregation Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP) agricultural economics Agricultural Policy Agricultural waste/residue Agriculture agrivoltaic/agrovoltaic agroforestry agrofuels agronomy Air Force air pollution control Air Pollution Policy air quality Aircraft engine emissions airports Alabama Alaska Albania albedo Alberta albizia alcohol fuel cells alcohol fuels alcohol-to-diesel alcohol-to-jet (ATJ)/ethanol-to-jet (ETJ) alfalfa algae algae contamination algae cultivation algae extraction algae harvesting algae parity algae separation algal biofuels Algeria Algiers alkaline exchange membrane (AEM) alkanes alkenes alkylate alligator fat almond almond hulls shells alternative energy vehicles alternative fuels Alternative Fuels Credit alternative fuels excise tax credit Alternative Fuels Tax Credit (AFTC) aluminum Amazon American Indian Tribes American Le Mans Series (ALMS) ammonia ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) ammonia fuel cell ammonia price ammonia terminal amylose anaerobic digestate anaerobic digester/digestion and Energy Use in Transportation Model Angola anhydrous ethanol animal bedding animal fat animal feed animal waste Antactica Antarctica antibiotics antitrust apple Appropriations APR (Aqueous Phase Reforming) aquaculture aquatic organisms Arabidopsis arabinose ARCA Archaea Architecture Arctic Argentian Argentiina Argentina Arizona Arkansas Armenia Army Corps of Engineers aromatics aromatics price ARPA-C ARPA-E ARPA-Terra arrandi artificial intelligence Aruba Asia Asia Pacific asphalt/bitumen ASTM ASTM 6866 ASTM D1655 ASTM D2880 ASTM D396 ASTM D4054 ASTM D4806 Denatured fuel ethanol ASTM D4814 ASTM D5798 ASTM D6751 ASTM D7467 (B6-B20) ASTM D7544 ASTM D7566 (Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons) ASTM D7862 ASTM D7875 ASTM D7901 (DME-Dimethyl Ether for Fuel Purposes) ASTM D8076 ASTM D8181 ASTM D975 ASTM E3050 Denatured Ethanol for Cooking ASTM E3146 ASTM standards ASTM WK55232 (D02) ASTM WK63392 ATJ-SPK (Alcohol to Jet Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene) Atlantic Canada atmosphere Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Australia Australian pine Austria Auto manufacturer automotive aviation aviation fuel (SAF) benefits aviation fuel (SAF) mandates aviation fuel (SAF) price aviation fuel (SAF) production aviation fuel (SAF) pumps/delivery aviation fuel (SAF) tax credit aviation fuel (SAF) terminal Aviation Fuel/Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Aviation Gasoline/AvGas avocado award awards/recognition Azerbaijan. b B0 B10 B100 B100 pumps B11 B12 B12.5 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B19 B2 B20 B24 B25 B3 B30 B30RD10 B33 B35 B4 B40 B49 B5 B50 B50RD50 B6 B7 B70 B75 B8 B80 B98 B99 Babados nut tree babassu bacteria bagasse Bahamas Bahrain bamboo banana banana stems Bangladesh bankruptcy Barbados barge barley barley fiber barley protein barley straw Basque batteries Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) bauxite beauty leaf tree beaver beer bees Belarus Belgium Belize Benin benzene Bermuda Bhutan big bluestem big data Big Food Big Oil/Oil Majors BIGoil billion ton study bio Bio LPG (Bio Liquid Petroleum Gas) bio-based diesel benefits bio-based economy Bio-CNG pumps Bio-CNG/RNG terminal bio-LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) Bio-LNG Pumps (Liquified Natural Gas) Bio-LNG terminal bio-natural gas bio-NGV (natural gas for vehicles) bio-oil/pyrolysis oil bio-SPK (bio derived synthetic paraffinic kerosene) biobased Biobased Markets Program biobased materials Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance Program biochar biochemical conversion BioChemicals/Renewable Chemicals biociiesel bioconversion Biocrude/Green Crude/SynCrude biodegradable biodiesel biodiesel blend wall biodiesel EN 14214 Biodiesel Fuel Education Program biodiesel pipeline biodiesel prices biodiesel production biodiesel pumps biodiesel quality biodiesel standards biodiesel tax credit biodiesel technologies biodiesel terminal biodiversity bioeconomy bioelectricity bioelectrochemical conversion bioenergy Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) biofoundry Biofuel biofuel cells biofuel consumption Biofuel Crops biofuel distribution Biofuel Infrastructure Partnership (BIP) biofuel producer tax credit biofuel production biofuel tax credit Biofuels Directive biofuels education Biogas Biogas pipeline Biogasoline/Renewable Gasoline Biogasoline/Renewable Gasoline pumps biogenic carbon biogenic emissions Bioheat biohydrocarbons biohydrogen BioIsoprene BioMADE biomanufacturing biomass Biomass Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS) Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) biomass hydrolysis biomass recalcitrance Biomass Research and Development initiative (BRDI) biomass sorghum Biomass to Liquid (BTL) biomass transportation biomaterials bioplastics biopower Biopreferred bioproducts biopropene bioprospecting BioRefineries/Renewable Fuel Production Biorefinery Assistance Program (BAP) old 9003 Biorefinery Renewable Chemical Biobased Product Mfgr Assistance 9003 Program BioRenewable-1 (BR-1) BioSNG Biotechnology birch bitter orange black carbon black grease black liquor black locust black soldier fly Blend wall blender blender pumps Blenders Credit blending blendstock blockchain blue carbon boat fuel boiler/furnace fuel Bolivia bolt-on Bonaire bonds book-and-claim border tax Borneo Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana BQ-9000 Brachiaria bracken brackish water brash Brassica Brazil breweries brine British Columbia broker brown grease brownfields Brunei Btu's BTX (Benzene Toluene Xylene) Bu12.5 Bu16 Budget building block chemicals Bulgaria bunker bunker oil Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Burkina Faso Burma Burundi buses Business and Industry Program (B&I) business law business resources Business/General Aviation butadiene butandeiol (bio-BDO) Butane butanediol butanol emissions butanol/biobutanol butyl acetate butylene butyric acid by c C1 C2 C21 C3 sugar C5 sugar C6 sugar Cabo Verde cactus cactus pear cagaita calibration California California Air Resources Board (CARB) Cambodia Camelina camels Cameroon Canad Canada Canary Islands canary reed grass canarygrass candle nut cannabis canola straw Canola/Rapeseed cap-and-invest cap-and-trade capybara capybras carbohydrates carbon carbon capture and storage (CCS) carbon capture and utilization (CCU) carbon cost carbon credit carbon credit markets carbon cycle carbon debt Carbon Dioxide (CO2) carbon efficiency carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Heat Standards Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization defossilize Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine internal combustion engine/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable diesel pipelines Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/RED III) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) REnova RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program Republic of Congo repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment Reverse Water-gas Shift RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron Ricardo rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solaris Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Southeast Asia Southern Africa Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soy meal soybean prices soybeans Spain spartina specifications Spekboom Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar Sugar Beets/Energy Beets Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugar standards sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw sugars sugars-to-fats sulfur Sumatra sunflower sunflower stalks supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Surface Transportation Board Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum sweetgum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas (synthesis gas) syngas/gas fermentation SYNHH synthesised aromatic kerosene (SAK) synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung Tamarix tank cars tank-to-wheel tanker trucks tankers Tanzania tar sands tariffs taro Tasmania tax benefit tax credits tax incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy travel policy Treasury Department trees Trinidad and Tobago triticale trucks tubers tugboats tung tunicate Tunisia Tunsia Turkey U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) UCOME (Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester) Uganda UK (United Kingdom) UK Emission Trade Scheme (UK ETS) Ukraine Ukriane UL (Underwriters Laboratory) ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) Ultra Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (ULSFO) Ultra-low-carbon bioethanol underground storage tanks (UST) UNESCO UNIDO (United National Industrial Development Organization) United Arab Emirates (UAE) United Nations (UN) United Nations' International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) United States Auto Club Unleaded 88/E15 uranium urban sprawl urbanization Uruguay US Agency for International Development (USAID) US Army US ethanol exports US Geological Survey US Product Safety Commission USAC USAID USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) used cooking oil (UCO) used motor oil used railroad ties ustain Utah utilities utility model Uzbekistan value chain Value Stack vanadium Vancouver Vanuatu Vatican VEETC vegetable oils vehicles miles traveled (VMT) Velocys Venezuela Vermont vetiver Victoria video Vietnam vinasse vinegar vineyard waste Virgin Islands. virgin oils Virginia viruses vlsfo VLSFO (very low sulfur fuel oil) volatile fatty acids (VFA) volunteers VTOL (vertical take-off and landing aircraft) Vulcanol w waiver Wales warranty Washington Washington DC waste waste alcohol Waste CO2 waste heat waste management waste oil waste paper waste vegetable oil waste-to-chemicals Waste-to-Energy waste-to-fuel wastewater water water consumption water footprint water hyacinth water policy water pollution water quality water treatment water vapor watermeal watermelon wax weather well-to-wheel West Africa West Coast West Java West Virginia Western Australia wet distillers grain wet extraction What You Can Do wheat wheat bran wheat fiber wheat prices wheat straw wheatgrass whey whisky white grease White House wildlife habitat willow wind energy wine wastage/grape marc winter crops Wisconsin Wisdonsin women Wood woody biomass World Bank World Trade Organization (WTO) Wyoming XTL xylan xylene xylose yard waste yeast yellow grease yellowhorn tree Yemen Yields Yukon Zambia Zanzibar zein zeolites zero-carbon bioethanol Zimbabwe zinc zoning

© 2008-2024 Copyright Advanced BioFuels USA. All Rights reserved.