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Airlines Face Tough Choices as Cost of Emissions-Scheme Compliance Rises

by Jim Giles (Trellis)  A supply shortfall is the major cause of a four-fold increase in the price of credits that airlines can use to comply with international regulations. --   Only one project has issued credits that airlines can use to

May 30, 2025 Read Full Article

EU Not Ready to Enforce Pollution Rules, Airlines Say

by Kate Abnett (Reuters) Airlines have warned the European Union they cannot yet comply with pollution rules that came into force this month, because the EU has not yet launched its promised system to administer them, a document seen by Reuters

January 18, 2025 Read Full Article

Aviation: Benefits Beyond Borders 2024

(Air Transport Action Group) Aviation: Benefits Beyond Borders provides a global view of a truly global industry. Oxford Economics analysed the economic and social benefits of aviation at a national level in 85 countries, as well as 14 major regions / groups,

December 11, 2024 Read Full Article

Clean Aviation & Hamburg Set Strategic Cooperation to Accelerate Innovation for Net-Zero Aviation

(Clean Aviation Joint Undertaking) At the ILA Berlin International Air Show today, the Clean Aviation Joint Undertaking and the Free & Hanseatic City of Hamburg signed a Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC) to accelerate the demonstration of low-emission aircraft technologies and concepts for entry

July 10, 2024 Read Full Article

NBAA, Others at Washington Forum Highlight Ways Bizav is ‘Climbing Fast

(Climbing.Fast) The start of the 2024 International Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association’s 30th World Assembly was marked by an upbeat assessment from a gathering of general aviation leaders about the current state of the industry, and the potential for a coming era of

May 09, 2024 Read Full Article

The Case for E-fuels Use in Aviation

by Pete Rocha (LEC Partners/Biofuels Digest) The aviation industry produces 2-3% of all CO2 emissions globally. This percentage will likely grow over time as the developing world becomes richer and the demand for air transportation increases. In the graphic below, we

May 06, 2024 Read Full Article

Aviation Fraternity Takes ‘CLIMBING.FAST.’ Message to Capitol Hill

(Climbing. Fast.) Members of Alpha Eta Rho – the oldest aviation organization on college campuses around the country – recently had the opportunity to visit with members of Congress and their staff to talk about a host of issues, including the

April 25, 2024 Read Full Article

Global Business Jet Market 2024-2027 Sees Sustainability as Top Priority

(Travel and Tour World) The recently published “Comparative SWOT & Strategy Focus, 2024-2027” analysis now available on ResearchAndMarkets.com features an in-depth look at the leading five enterprises within the worldwide business jet sector: Gulfstream Aerospace, Bombardier, Dassault Aviation, Textron Aviation, and

April 03, 2024 Read Full Article

This Sleek New Zero-Emissions Jet Will Fly on Liquid Hydrogen

by Michael Verdon (The Robb Report) The Sirius Business Jet could be a revolution in aviation, though it has a long way to go. We talk to the CEO about the timeline. -- ... But Swiss-based Sirius has announced plans to start

March 12, 2024 Read Full Article

Bears, Cars and Angry Farmers Fuel Green Backlash

by Karl Mathiesen, Nicolas Camut, Zia Weise, Charlie Cooper and Louise Guillot (Politico) A 28-country guide to how climate policies are splitting Europe. -- And Green parties are taking the hit — polling shows they will face deep electoral pain when EU citizens

March 09, 2024 Read Full Article

Experts Expand the Coverage of Greenhouse Gases in Travel Impact Model for Flight Emissions

(International Council on Clean Transportation)  The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) announced a series of updates to the Travel Impact Model (TIM) that will more fully reflect the environmental impact of aviation and help people make more sustainable choices when planning air

February 27, 2024 Read Full Article

How Sustainable Is the eVTOL Sector?

by Treena Hein (Vertical Magazine) ... The eVTOL industry is often touted by its enthusiasts as sustainable. Electric (and increasingly, hydrogen) propulsion is presented as a primary benefit of eVTOLs in terms of environmental impact, and a critical reason for supporting the

February 21, 2024 Read Full Article

NJ Introduces Clean Fuels Transportation Bill

(Fill It Up Clean New Jersey/PR Newswire)  First on East Coast to Advance Clean Fuels Legislation  --  Fill It Up Clean New Jersey, a diverse coalition of business and community stakeholders, is applauding the New Jersey State Senate for introducing legislation that would give The Garden

January 31, 2024 Read Full Article

CAAFI Starting Hiring Process!

(Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative)  With the burgeoning expansion of SAF activity, and the support of various industry entities, CAAFI funding is being expanded, and we envision adding three roles in the fourth quarter this year, at varying experience levels, roughly

November 29, 2023 Read Full Article

Biofuels and e-Fuels in Trucks Will Make It Harder for Aviation and Shipping to Go Green

(Transport & Enviroment) Including biofuels and e-fuels in road transport would reduce available volumes for hard-to-decarbonise sectors. -- The EU climate targets will slash demand for oil and gas. As a result, fuel suppliers are investing in e-fuels and biofuels to replace

November 08, 2023 Read Full Article

IATA Forms New Partnerships to Aid Carbon Benchmarking in the Air and on the Ground

by Tony Harrington (GreenAir Online) IATA has announced a package of partnerships to help drive further cuts in aviation’s emissions in the air and on the ground. Together with the Aviation Impact Accelerator (AIA), an international collaboration of industry and academia,

October 09, 2023 Read Full Article

‘Companies Need to Re-assess the Way They Communicate about Their Purchase of Carbon Credits’: EU Agrees Ban on ‘Climate Neutral’ Claims by 2026

by Oliver Morrison (Food Navigator Europe) The EU has agreed more details about proposals to ban ‘climate neutral’ claims by 2026, which brings implications for the carbon offset market.  READ MORE Related articles Major EU law to ban carbon neutral claims and help consumers

September 22, 2023 Read Full Article

How Aviation Can Cut Emissions by 2035 Using SAF and Existing Tech

by Jerome Bouchard and David Kaplan (Oliver Wyman/Forbes)  Aviation needs to address its greenhouse gas emissions problem, yet the conversation and investment around decarbonization too often focuses on the wrong technologies and the wrong date. The industry cannot wait until 2050 to

September 11, 2023 Read Full Article

IATA Releases Industry Net Zero Tracking Methodology to Guide Industry Emission Reporting

(International Air Transport Association) The International Air Transport Association (IATA) will publish an annual Track Zero report using IATA’s Net Zero Tracking Methodology to report industry-level progress towards aviation’s commitment to Net Zero carbon emissions by 2050. The Net Zero Tracking Methodology and related

July 28, 2023 Read Full Article

UK to Tighten Emissions Trading Scheme from 2024

by Nora Buli (Reuters) The UK emissions trading scheme (ETS) will be reformed next year to tighten limits on carbon dioxide pollution and expanded in 2026 to include new sectors, the relevant authority said on Monday. Introduced in 2021 for an initial

July 03, 2023 Read Full Article

Opinion: The Plain Truth about Aviation’s 2050 Sustainability Goals

by Kenneth P. Quinn (Clyde & Co. /Flight Safety Foundation/Aviation Week)  During the recent International Air Transport Association’s World Air Transport Summit in Istanbul, Akbar Al Baker, CEO of Qatar Airways, described the airline industry’s emissions goals as “a PR

June 20, 2023 Read Full Article

US, EU Transport Leaders Affirm Commitment to Work Together on Reducing Aviation, Marine Emissions

(U.S. Department of Transportation/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Pete Buttigieg, the U.S. secretary of transportation, and Adina Vălean, the European commissioner for transport, met May 22 to discuss EU-U.S. support to Ukraine, ongoing cooperation in aviation and maritime transport, as well as issues

June 06, 2023 Read Full Article

King Charles Breaks Ground on New International Innovation Hub for Net Zero Aviation

by Christopher Surgenor  (GreenAir Online) In his first public engagement since his coronation, King Charles III has broken ground on the New Whittle Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, a £58 million ($73m) facility aiming to become a leading global

May 26, 2023 Read Full Article

Running a Hydrogen Plane Could Be Cheaper than Traditional Aircraft by 2035

(Transport & Environment) Deploying hydrogen planes in Europe is economically feasible, new study shows, but must be supported by the right set of policies and incentives.  --   Hydrogen jets could be cheaper to run than fossil fuel planes from 2035

May 26, 2023 Read Full Article

Feedstocks for Advanced Biofuel Production: The 2030 Supply Gap

( S&P Global Commodity Insights)Huge market potential for advanced feedstocks to meet the gap in supply needed to meet forecast demand of low CI fuels. Decarbonization efforts worldwide are boosting demand for transportation fuels with a low carbon intensity (CI). The

May 22, 2023 Read Full Article

Lindbergh Foundation Announces the Forever Flight Alliance to Decarbonize Aviation

(Lindbergh Foundation/PR Newswire) On the occasion of the 95th anniversary of Charles Lindbergh’s historic 1927 New York to Paris flight, The Lindbergh Foundation, a global leader in balancing innovation and technology with the environment, and the XPRIZE Foundation, with the support

May 18, 2023 Read Full Article

Alternative Fuels Provide the Best Hope to Limit Aviation’s Global Warming Impact, Says IPCC Report

by Christopher Surgenor (GreenAir Online) With global warming already at 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels, limiting it to 1.5°C requires deep, rapid and sustained greenhouse gas emissions reductions in all sectors, with global emissions needing to be cut by almost half by

April 26, 2023 Read Full Article

Will Flying Ever Be Green?

by Christopher de Bellaigue (The Guardian) The race is on to develop a battery-powered aircraft. But not everyone’s convinced it will bring us closer to net-zero flight -- ... Hundreds of companies have entered the well-capitalised world of urban air

April 17, 2023 Read Full Article

BETO Releases New Multi-Year Program Plan

by Valerie Sarisky-Reed  (U.S. Department of Energy)  I am proud to announce the release of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office’s (BETO) new Multi-Year Program Plan (MYPP). The MYPP details our mission, goals, and strategies to enable the widespread adoption

April 10, 2023 Read Full Article

Can Business Aviation Solve the Problem of Environmental Activism?

by Ben Sampson (Business Airport International) In the last ten years the existential threat posed by climate change has mixed with social media to create a new type of radical environmental activism. This direct action, sometimes described by more hyperbolic media

April 04, 2023 Read Full Article

Hydrogen Demo Flights Now Set to Start in the New Year

by Charles Alcock (AIN Online) The first flights of a pair of hydrogen-powered technology demonstrators are now set to happen early in 2023. As 2022 drew to a close rivals ZeroAvia and Universal Hydrogen were making final preparations to begin their

December 29, 2022 Read Full Article

Reflecting on the RSB Innovations Meeting 2022

(Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials) Last week, RSB hosted a brand-new in-person event for RSB members and invited stakeholders, in partnership with The Boeing Company. And what a pleasure it was to meet, connect with and learn from all of 65 participants in

October 14, 2022 Read Full Article

Voted Out: Russia Loses ICAO Council Seat

by Luke Bodell (Simple Flying) Other council members advocated voting against Russia. -- Russia has lost its place on the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) 36-member governing council after failing to win enough votes from fellow members. The country's violation

October 03, 2022 Read Full Article

ICAO Assembly Urged to Adopt Net-Zero Climate Goal for Aviation

(Air Transport Action Group) Representatives of the world’s governments meeting in Montreal are being urged to adopt a long-term climate goal of net-zero carbon by 2050 for the aviation sector. Over 150 countries are expected at the 41st International Civil Aviation

September 26, 2022 Read Full Article

Considerations for the ReFuelEU Aviation Trilogue

by Chelsea Baldino and Jayant Mukhopadhaya (International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT))   This briefing paper assesses the differences between the European Commission proposal for a ReFuelEU aviation regulation and the European Parliament and the Council of European Union’s amendments. It

September 21, 2022 Read Full Article

NBAA: It’s Time to Stop Shaming an Essential Business Tool

(National Business Aviation Association)  When The Washington Post called into question the environmental impact of business aviation, NBAA President and CEO Ed Bolen quickly responded with the facts about the industry’s sustainability record. “Business aviation continually leads the way in emission reduction,

September 01, 2022 Read Full Article

Issue Brief | The Growth in Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Commercial Aviation (2019, revised 2022)

by Jeff Overton (Environmental and Energy Study Institute) This issue brief examines the impact the growth of air travel and freight will have on greenhouse gas emissions. Subsequent briefs will feature the aviation industry’s emission mitigation efforts and commitments to reduce

August 24, 2022 Read Full Article

Achieving Net Zero Aviation Will Cost $175bn per Year until 2050 and Immediate Action Needed This Decade, Says Report

by Tony Harrington (GreenAir Online)  A new report on sustainable aviation says an annual average investment of $175 billion will be needed from now until 2050 for the air transport sector to meet its target of net zero carbon emissions. It

August 18, 2022 Read Full Article

Issue Brief | The Growth in Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Commercial Aviation (2019, revised 2022)

by Jeff Overton (Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  This issue brief examines the impact the growth of air travel and freight will have on greenhouse gas emissions. Subsequent briefs will feature the aviation industry’s emission mitigation efforts and commitments to

July 22, 2022 Read Full Article

Ambition Urged for Aviation Climate Talks

(Air Transport Action Group) Representatives of over 110 countries will meet in Montreal this week for a series of talks aimed at making progress towards a long-term climate goal for the global aviation sector. High-level government representatives will meet at the

July 18, 2022 Read Full Article

Making Net-Zero Aviation Possible: An Industry-Backed, 1.5°C-Aligned Transition Strategy

(Mission Possible Partnership)  At current emissions levels, staying within the global carbon budget for 1.5°C might slip out of reach in this decade. Yet efforts to slow climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions run into a central challenge: some

July 15, 2022 Read Full Article

Governments Urged to Deliver Climate Goal for Aviation This Year

(Air Transport Action Group) Aviation industry executives met with government representatives in Montreal today to detail industry aspirations for a long-term climate goal to be agreed for the sector at United Nations meetings later this year. The International Civil Aviation Organization

May 27, 2022 Read Full Article

British Columbia Files LCFS Overhaul

by Elliott Blackburn (Argus Media) British Columbia is proposing low-carbon fuel requirements for marine and aviation fuel and expanding the activities that can generate credits under new legislation updating the province's Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS). The Canadian province's government yesterday filed

May 16, 2022 Read Full Article

Investors Urge Airlines to Curtail Growth, Use Sustainable Fuel

by Simon Jessop (Reuters) Climate Action 100+ calls for 'urgent action'; Cites IEA net zero report on sustainable fuels; Calls for sector to curtail growth in demand --  The aviation industry needs to take "urgent action" to align with the world's

March 10, 2022 Read Full Article

States, Green Groups Challenge EPA's Aviation GHG Standard

by Juan Carlos Rodriguez (Law360) States and green groups are urging the D.C. Circuit to order the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to strengthen Trump-era aviation greenhouse gas emissions standards that have been maintained by the Biden administration. California and 11 other states,

March 02, 2022 Read Full Article

EPA Announces Leaded Fuel Endangerment Finding

by Mark Phelps (AvWeb) In a long-anticipated move, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced today (Jan. 12) that it “will take the necessary steps to regulate lead pollution from aircrafts (sic).” Those steps start with proposing an “endangerment finding” on leaded

January 13, 2022 Read Full Article

Hungry for Value: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to The Wolfpack on Green Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) If you missed the ABLC Wolfpack’s take on 5 key Green Hydrogen companies, then check out this slide guide that covers FuelCell Energy, Ballard Power Systems, Plug Power, Bloom Energy and Air Products & Chemicals

December 30, 2021 Read Full Article

IRENA and World Economic Forum Launch Green Hydrogen Toolbox at COP26

(International Renewable Energy Agency) New roadmaps on green hydrogen support policy makers to enable net zero commitments. -- The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the World Economic Forum launched today a jointly developed series of “Enabling Measures Roadmaps for Green Hydrogen”

November 18, 2021 Read Full Article

Planes, Trains and Automobiles: It’s Transport Day at COP26. Here’s What You Need to Know.

by Tik Root (Washington Post) ... The International Energy Association (IEA) reports that transport emissions are still increasing and account for roughly a quarter of all carbon dioxide released from fuel combustion. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency says that the

November 11, 2021 Read Full Article

20 Airlines Commit to Use New Technologies to Minimize Climate Impact

by Harry Gray Calvo (World Economic Forum) • Airlines from across the sector pledge their support for novel forms of propulsion such as electric and hydrogen powered planes Industry leaders aim for 30% of the aircraft serving shorter range routes

November 10, 2021 Read Full Article

Major Global Airlines Launch New Aviation Climate Taskforce

(Aviation Climate Taskforce/Biobased Diesel Daily) Global airline leaders, including Air Canada, Air France-KLM, American Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Delta Air Lines, JetBlue, Lufthansa, Southwest Airlines Co., United Airlines, and Virgin Atlantic, together with Boston Consulting Group, announced Oct. 28 the formation of

November 02, 2021 Read Full Article

COMMENTARY: We Need a More Sophisticated Discussion on the Rail versus Domestic Flights Climate Issue

by Andy Smith (GreenAir Online)  In April this year, as part of climate measures to reduce carbon emissions, French MPs voted to ban flights on domestic routes that can be travelled by direct train in less than two-and-a-half hours. This had been

October 27, 2021 Read Full Article

The EU Wants a SAF Transition, but at What Cost?

(Biofuels International) On 14 July, as part of the European Green Deal, the EU announced a broad new package of policy proposals which aim to accelerate decarbonisation of the aviation sector. If fully implemented, the measures will have a significant

October 02, 2021 Read Full Article

United Recognized by ATW as Eco-Airline of the Year

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily) United Airlines has been recognized by Air Transport World, a monthly magazine serving the global airline and commercial air transport manufacturing communities for more than 50 years, with the designation of Eco-Airline of the Year

July 27, 2021 Read Full Article

G-7 Eyes Ambitious Shift to Electric Cars and Away From Oil

by Alberto Nardelli and Josh Wingrove (Bloomberg/Yahoo!)  Group of Seven leaders are discussing ambitious plans to shift the balance of car buying away from gasoline to greener vehicles by the end of the decade, as part of a package of measures

June 10, 2021 Read Full Article

Trains, Planes and CO2 Emissions

by Matthew Choi (Politico's Morning Energy)  Aviation is a leading source of emissions in Europe, and absent an immediate way to reduce CO2, European governments are trying to reduce the flying. France’s parliament is pondering legislation that would ban many

May 10, 2021 Read Full Article

Europe’s Aviation Sector Launches Ambitious Plan to Reach Net Zero CO2 Emissions by 2050

(Airlines for Europe (A4E)) Opportunity to reach net zero CO2 emissions through a combination of measures, making flying more sustainable for the long term. Sector calls for decisive action from both governments and industry to achieve this net zero vision

February 17, 2021 Read Full Article

Closing the Transportation Emissions Gap with Clean Fuels

(Rhodium Group) ... While efficiency improvements and vehicle electrification can cut transport emissions by up to two-thirds by 2050, low-GHG liquid fuels are needed to fill the remaining gap and achieve net-zero emissions in the transportation sector by mid-century. Transportation will

January 28, 2021 Read Full Article

U.S. EPA Finalizing First-Ever Airplane Emissions Rules

by David Shepardson (Reuters) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on Monday said it was finalizing the first-ever proposed standards regulating greenhouse gas emissions from airplanes. The EPA said its new requirements for airplanes used in commercial aviation and for large

December 29, 2020 Read Full Article

Airlines Unlikely to Require Significant Amounts of CORSIA Offsets for Six Years, Finds Refinitiv analysis

(GreenAir Online) Only an unlikely very quick aviation sector recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic in the next three years would create any demand for carbon offsets from airlines in the 2021-2023 pilot phase of ICAO’s CORSIA carbon offsetting scheme, finds a

October 07, 2020 Read Full Article

Climate Scientists Take Their Closest Look Yet at the Warming Impact of Aviation Emissions

by Leto Sapunar (Inside Climate News)  A new study reaffirms that contrail clouds produce more global warming than carbon dioxide from flights, a finding that could help reduce emissions from air travel. -- An international team of prominent scientists has published

September 22, 2020 Read Full Article

Aviation Is Responsible for 3.5 Percent of Climate Change, Study Finds

(National Oceanic and Atomospheric Administration (NOAA)) New research that provides the most comprehensive calculations of aviation’s impact on the climate finds that global air travel and transport is responsible for 3.5 percent of all drivers of climate change from human activities. The

September 04, 2020 Read Full Article

EPA Proposes CO2 Standards for Aircraft PUBLIC COMMENT DEADLINE: October 19, 2020

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico's Morning Energy)  EPA proposed setting fuel efficiency standards for aircraft engines to bring the U.S. in line with rules set by the International Civil Aviation Organization to reduce carbon dioxide, although green groups have long decried the ICAO

July 23, 2020 Read Full Article

Without Advanced Renewable Fuels, EU Will Not Meet Climate Objectives

(Advance Fuel) Long-term policy support is crucial to the market rollout of RESfuels to remedy transport’s reliance on fossil fuels, leading European research institutes confirm.  --  Transport makes up one-quarter of all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Europe and is

June 25, 2020 Read Full Article
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Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Congressional Review Act Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cruise Ships Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi Customs and Border Protection cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping dual-fuel/flex fuel ships Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol hybrid methanol price Methanol-to-Gasoline Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Energy Council National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American Indian/First 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ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oilcane Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 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(REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel renewable naphtha-with-ethanol-t0-jet (NETJ) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) REnova RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program Republic of Congo repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment Reverse Water-gas Shift RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron Ricardo rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society 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taro Tasmania tax benefit tax credits tax incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy travel policy Treasury Department 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