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Tech Taiwan Makes Advance in Biofuel Production Technique

by Yu Hsiao-han and Chung Yu-chen (Focus Taiwan News Channel)   Academia Sinica Thursday unveiled a technique that facilitates the production of more biofuel using cryo-electron microscopy, a technology that enables researchers to better capture the structure of enzymes — biological catalysts that accelerate the process by which biomass is transformed

April 24, 2019 Read Full Article

SAS, Finnair and China Airlines Launch Passenger Carbon Offsetting Initiatives

(GreenAir Online)  Three airlines – SAS, Finnair and China Airlines – have each introduced carbon offsetting initiatives for their customers. Starting this month, SAS Group will offset the carbon emissions of all tickets booked through its EuroBonus loyalty programme, which has 5.6 million members. The airline estimates that around 40% of

February 22, 2019 Read Full Article

Yogi Government Sanctions Two Biofuel Projects Worth Rs. 800 Crore

(Deccan Chronicle) ShivOm Dayal Energies (P) Ltd is setting up two biofuel pants worth Rs 800 crore at Saharanpur and Bijnor.  —  The UP government in its cabinet meeting held on 7th February 2019, approved the two second-generation ethanol plants which will incur an investment of INR 400 crore each. The state

February 20, 2019 Read Full Article

Biofuels Mandates around the World 2019

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Florida, the Digest today (January 1, 2019) releases its annual review of biofuels mandates and targets around the world, looking at the state of biofuels mandates in 65 countries. The bulk of mandates continue to come from the EU-27, where the Renewable Energy Directive (RED)

January 2, 2019 Read Full Article

Sunho Biodiesel Corporation: Pure Biodiesel Can Be Cost-Effective for City Bus to Overcome Air Pollution

(Sunho Biodiesel Corporation/Open PR)  Using waste grease, pure biodiesel (B100) from ET Process® is a cost competitive alternative to diesel.   —  Air pollution in big city remains a major concern worldwide. As indicated by WHO Global Ambient Air Quality Database update in 2018, covering more than 4,000 cities in 108 countries, over

August 23, 2018 Read Full Article

The Digest’s Top 10 Innovations for the Week of July 18th

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  …In today’s Digest, wool without the sheep, fuels from water and C)2, bacteria-powered solar cells, spectral imagery in the sky, artificial intelligence in the crop field, sugar-based straws and more, ready for you now at The Digest online.  #1 Sheep-free wool nabs PETA prize  … #2

July 17, 2018 0 comment Read Full Article

Ethanol Summit of The Asia Pacific Showcases Global Ethanol Opportunities

(GrainNet)  Industry and government officials from 17 countries in Asia and Oceania are meeting with members of the U.S. ethanol industry and U.S. officials in Minneapolis this week at the Ethanol Summit of the Asia Pacific (Summit), focused on current and future prospects for expanded ethanol use throughout the region. The

May 22, 2018 Read Full Article

Biofuels Mandates Around the World 2018

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Florida, the Digest today releases its annual review of biofuels mandates and targets around the world, looking at the state of biofuels mandates in 65 countries. The bulk of mandates continue to come from the EU-27, where the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) once specified a

January 2, 2018 Read Full Article

China Airlines Sets New Milestone in Carbon Reduction for Taiwanese Carriers with Adoption of Sustainable Alternative Fuels

(China Airlines)  China Airlines is support global carbon reduction initiatives through direct action by participating the biofuel program being jointly developed by Airbus and Air TOTAL. The 10th new A350 aircraft being ferried back to Taiwan will have Sustainable Aviation/Alternative Fuels (SAF) added to effectively reduce its carbon dioxide emissions by

December 4, 2017 Read Full Article

Ministry of Economic Affairs of Republic of China : Turn Microalgae Biofuel into Gold Mine, Create Circular Economy of Green Energy

(4-Traders)  The Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs (BOE, MOEA), has promoted the research and development of green energy for decades. On 19th July, 2016, BOE commissioned Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) to sign a contract with Taiwan Cement Corporation (TCC) to extend the technical cooperation. TCC plans to

August 17, 2016 Read Full Article

Audi Volkswagen Taiwan Fined for False Advertising

(Taipai Times/CNA)  Audi Volkswagen Taiwan Co (奧迪福斯汽車) has been fined NT$5 million (US$153,130) over false advertising in relation to the emissions levels of two of its models, the Fair Trade Commission said yesterday. Advertisements in an Audi Volkswagen Taiwan catalogue claimed that its SUV Caddy Maxi met the EU5 emission

May 26, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

Ethanol Sets Sights on Asia-Pacific Region

by Tom C. Doran (AgriNews)  The U.S. Grains Council has long served as an international promoter of corn and other grain exports and has expanded its efforts to include ethanol and dried distillers grains with solubles. The efforts coincide with a growing interest in ethanol in the Asia-Pacific region driven

May 18, 2016 Read Full Article

Making Biodiesel with Used Cooking Oil and a Microwave

(American Chemical Society)  “SiO2 Beads Decorated with SrO Nanoparticles for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Microwave Irradiation”  —  Weaning cars and trucks off of gasoline and diesel made from fossil fuels is a difficult task. One promising solution involves biodiesel, which comes from natural oils and fats, but

April 21, 2016 Read Full Article

APEC Ethanol Forum Highlights Asia as Next Frontier For Exports

(U.S. Grains Council)  The growing interest for ethanol in the Asia-Pacific region is driven in part by ever-growing environmental concerns, especially those related to rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and deteriorating air quality, the direct results of rapidly-rising fossil fuel consumption across the region. Responding to these issues, a team of

April 15, 2016 Read Full Article

Importing to Meet California Demand

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  The U.S. imported a record volume of biomass-based diesel in 2015.  …  This increase in imports is particularly interesting because 2015 was a year with no forward-looking $1-per-gallon blender’s tax credit, and, for 11 months of the year, no RFS targets were in play. In

April 6, 2016 Read Full Article

Biofuels Mandates Around the World: The 2016 Visual Guide

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) 64 countries have targets or mandates – but how much where, and when, and what?  The bulk of mandates continue to come from the EU-27, where the Renewable Energy Directive specified a 10 percent renewable content by 2020 but has been scaled back to the 5-7.5

April 4, 2016 Read Full Article

Biofuels Mandates Around the World: 2016

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Who mandates what in biofuels? 64 countries have targets or mandates — but how much where, and when, and what? In Florida, the Digest today releases its annual review of biofuels mandates and targets around the world, looking at the state of biofuels mandates in 64

January 4, 2016 Read Full Article

Taiwanese Researchers Use Nanoparticles to Produce Algae Biodiesel

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In Taiwan, researchers at the National Taiwan University have developed a synthetic magnetic nanoparticle that helps to harvest oil from microalgae. The nanoparticles are produced from iron oxide and silicon dioxide, then using an alkaline-based catalyst can produce the biodiesel from the magnetically extracted oil.

November 24, 2015 Read Full Article

Trade Mission Tour to Stop at Two Ethanol Plants

by Holly Jessen (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  An Illinois Department of Agriculture-led tour begins Sept. 21, with stops at a variety of grain-related businesses around the state, including Marquis Energy LLC, a 140 MMgy ethanol plant in Hennepin, Illinois, and Archer Daniels Midland Co.’s facility in Decatur, Illinois, which produces ethanol,

September 22, 2015 Read Full Article

Microalgae-Based Carbon Capture Tech Developed

by Tang Chia-ling and Jake Chung (Taipei Times)  An inter-university research team has developed a microalgae-based carbon capture technology and established the nation’s largest pilot microalgae farm at a university in Tainan in hopes of helping the nation conserve energy and reduce its carbon emissions. … The goal of the

August 19, 2015 Read Full Article

Special China Report: 10 Top Advanced Bioeconomy Stories in China and Taiwan

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The 10 Biggest Advanced Bioeconomy stories of the year we reported from the world’s second-biggest economic region. 1. DuPont, New Tianlong Industry Co. ink Cellulosic Ethanol pact; China’s first Advanced Renewable Fuel Project on the way In July 2015, DuPont and Jilin Province New Tianlong

July 20, 2015 Read Full Article

EPA Touts Biodiesel Made from Recycled Cooking Oil

by Sean Lin (Taipai Times)  The EPA said more than 100,000 tonnes of biodiesel per year are made from recycled cooking oil, which have an estimated total value of about NT$3 billion The Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) yesterday showcased the manufacturing of biodiesel refined from waste cooking oil, which the

July 10, 2015 Read Full Article

Stepping Up to a Currency Molecule

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Biobased chemicals are two steps closer to the tipping point when the growing demand for sustainable products opens huge global markets for renewables. Last fall, DuPont announced a deal to sell its cellulosic ethanol to Proctor and Gamble to be used in laundry

May 14, 2015 Read Full Article

Biofuels Mandates Around the World: 2015

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Who mandates what in biofuels? 64 countries have targets or mandates — but how much where, and when, and what?  In Florida, the Digest today releases its annual review of biofuels mandates and targets around the world, looking at the state of biofuels mandates in

January 5, 2015 Read Full Article

Ever-Evolving Biodiesel Technology Developments

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine) … Even so-called conventional chemical processing is riddled with original approaches and unique twists. A cookie-cutter industry biodiesel is not. While too many technologies exist in this field to report on, Biodiesel Magazineoffers an overview of several emerging biodiesel process developments or existing optimization techniques that

December 31, 2014 Read Full Article

FEATURE: Taiwan Regressing in Biofuel, Waste Oil Policy

by  Elizabeth Hsu (Taipai Times) … At a time when most industrialized countries have found bright solutions for dealing with waste cooking oil, Taiwan seems to be stuck in the dark ages, with unethical businesses showing that they are willing to illegally repurpose such oil for human consumption to earn

December 30, 2014 Read Full Article

Biodiesel Companies Want Stricter Regulation on Waste Oil

by Elaine Yau (South China Morning Post)  The recent gutter oil scandal leads to calls to set up a licensing system Last month’s scandal over sales of tainted lard from Taiwan has been a source of bitter satisfaction for Hong Kong’s handful of biodiesel producers. It’s helped shine a spotlight

October 21, 2014 Read Full Article

Why Were This Company’s Computers Attacked Millions of Times This Year? Algae.

by Steven Mufson (The Washington Post)  About 16 months ago, a Florida-based biofuel company called Algenol noticed that its Internet service was slowing down. In checking that out, Jack Voth, Algenol’s information technology chief, stumbled on something odd: a telnet connection to its videoconference camera from an Internet Protocol address

July 14, 2014 Read Full Article

Biofuels Mandates Around the World: 2014

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Florida, the Digest today releases its annual review of biofuels mandates and targets around the world, looking at the state of biofuels mandates in 62 countries. The bulk of mandates continue to come from the EU-27, where the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) specified a

January 2, 2014 Read Full Article

Carbon-Negative Biobutanol for $2 per Gallon? ITRI Says Its ButyFix Technology Has the Right Stuff

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Seeking low-carbon fuels, even negative carbon? Or, looking for a low-cost, cellulosic renewable fuel? Or, in search of a capital-light, bolt-on technology to drive better economics for first-yen ethanol plants?  Well, what about all three, at one time, with one technology. Taiwan’s ITRI heads for

November 4, 2013 Read Full Article

National Cheng Kung University : NCKU Transnational Research Team Converts Waste Cooking Oils to Biodiesel

(4-Traders.com)  Prof. (Emeritus) Aharon Gedanken from the Department of Chemistry at Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel, who is currently a visiting chair professor at National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), southern Taiwan, has developed a microwave-based process that transforms waste cooking oils into biodiesel in 10 seconds, the university reveals. At a

November 1, 2013 Read Full Article

Bureau of Energy of the Republic of China (Taiwan) : Significant Advancement in BOE-Funded Biofuel Technolgy International Award Recognizes Cellulose Butanol Technology

(4-Traders)  The Bureau of Energy, MOEA has been funding long-term R&D on biofuel, and new biofuel technology has successfully been developed. The project, entitled “Carbon loss-free cellulose butanol production technology” won the 2013 R&D 100 Awards. This technology has the potential to have significant influence on biofuel research and industries

October 2, 2013 Read Full Article

New Plant Protein Discoveries Could Ease Global Food and Fuel Demands

by Kim McDonald   (University of California at San Diego)  New discoveries of the way plants transport important substances across their biological membranes to resist toxic metals and pests, increase salt and drought tolerance, control water loss and store sugar can have profound implications for increasing the supply of food and energy

May 6, 2013 Read Full Article

Taiwan Pursuing Microalgae Bioenergy

(Algae Industry Magazine)  Edwin Hsiao reports in Taiwan Today that the ROC Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) in Pingtung County, in southern Taiwan, has just released the results of a joint microalgae bioenergy development program, which aims to replace diesel with an algae-based alternative. Conducted by Donggang Township-based Fisheries Research

January 3, 2013 Read Full Article

Asia Special Biofuels Report

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  There’s only one complete region for biofuels where abundant feedstock, lack of oil & gas production, rising energy demand and supportive government policy come together — and that is Asia. We’re never quite sure which factor is the most important in Asia’s rising focus on

December 26, 2012 Read Full Article

Biofuels Mandates Around the World: 2012

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Brazil, India, the US, China and the EU point the way towards a 60 billion gallon biofuels market by 2022 – but can the capacity be built, and can the mandates survive pressure from opponents? In Florida, the Digest today releases its annual review of

November 28, 2012 Read Full Article

Ethanol-Infused Gas Takes Test Run in Tainan

(Taiwan Today)   Taiwan Institute of Economic Research introduced the benefits of ethanol-infused fuel to the nation’s drivers in Rende Township, Tainan City, Oct. 4.   TIER, subcontracted by the National Science Council to conduct a project on the development of biofuels, last year began to produce ethanol from agricultural

October 8, 2012 Read Full Article

NPulp – "Paper From Straw" – Takes Green Chemistry From Concept To Practice

(Retail Solutions Online)  Presentation at 16th Annual Green Chemistry & Engineering Conference Demonstrates Benefits of Revolutionary Straw-Pulp Technology to the Farmers and Rural Communities of China …After more than 10 years of research and development, YFY Corp. has successfully moved NPulp from green chemistry concept to reality.  The product and related economic

July 3, 2012 Read Full Article

Who’s in the Lead? Algae around the World

by Jonathan Williams (Biofuels Digest)  Who’s in front in the development of algal-based fuels and biomaterials? India, China, Japan, Australia, Taiwan, Israel, the EU, or the US. The NAABB’s globe-trotting chief parses it out. In New Mexico, Dr. Jose Olivares is head of the National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and

January 12, 2012 Read Full Article

Indonesian, Taiwanese Venture to Develop Jatropha-Based Biodiesel

(Soya Tech)  Indonesia’s Confederation of Primary Cooperatives Association (Inkud) is teaming up with Taiwan in developing jatropha curcas-based fuel, its vice president director Yusri Suhud said. “We are cooperating with Taiwan to develop jatropha curcas as an alternative fuel,” he said on Monday. Inkud was cooperating with Taiwan`s leading university

November 15, 2011 Read Full Article

USDA Approves Corn Amylase Trait for Enogen(TM)

(Syngenta) First corn output trait for ethanol industry Enables ethanol industry to improve efficiency and profitability Significant environmental benefits Syngenta announced February 11, 2011,  it has received full deregulation for its corn amylase trait from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). This is the first genetically modified output trait in

February 21, 2011 Read Full Article

New USDA Loan Guarantees, $50 Biofuels, Asia, Syngas among New Biofuels Trends, Gossip at Pacific Rim Summit

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Honolulu, much of the leadership of the advanced biofuels and renewables chemicals industries have gathered this week at BIO’s Pacific Rim Summit.  …(W)hat are the key trends? Here are 11 that the Digest spotted. 1. Wins wanted. 2. USDA loan guarantees. 3. Drop In

December 13, 2010 Read Full Article

Taiwan Unveils Microalgal Biofuel Technology

(Focus Taiwan)  …The Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) , which developed the technology, showed off the process of turning microalgae into biodiesel at the four-day Taipei International Invention Show and Technomart exhibition organized by the Taiwan External Trade Development Council… During the process of consuming carbon dioxide, microalgae turns carbon

October 4, 2010 Read Full Article

Taiwan to Help Pacific States Plant Biofuel Trees

(Focus Taiwan)  Taiwan is suggesting its South Pacific allies plant Jatropha trees to help solve energy shortages. …”Jatropha is the recipe for green energy, ” said Tao Wen-lung, secretary-general of Taiwan’s International Cooperation and Development Fund, which is in charge of cooperation programs with the country’s allies. …Experts from the

March 26, 2010 Read Full Article

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Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) Flightpath flight tests flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources forestry Forest Service fossil carbon fossil fuel fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) free fatty acids (FFA) fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel additives fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon Gambia gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline-range hydrocarbons gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gas prices gas tax/highway user fee General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal Germany Gerogia Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government subsidies grains grain sorghum/milo grain speculators GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green/black economy green chemistry green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing GREET model Grenada gribble groundnut ground nut growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guinea Gulf states Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP Haiti Halophytes harvesting harvest site processing Hawaii hazardous waste HDCJ health health benefits health effects heat-tolerance heating oil/fuel heat of combustion heat of vaporization hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb HFS-SIP hibiscus High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Honge tree nuts Hong Kong hops horse bedding Horse manure horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrids hydrocarbon fuels hydrofaction hydrogen hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen fuel cells hydrogenolysis hydrogen pumps hydropower hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal liquefaction hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois illuppai ILUC (Indirect Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indiana Indian beech tree Indian grass indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial ethanol industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insurance integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map internal combustion engine International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isooctane isooctene Israel Italy Ivory Coast JA1 JAA jackfruit Jamaica Japan Jatropha Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 Jetfuel (Sustainable Alternative Jetfuel (SAJF)/Renewable Jetfuel (RJF) Jimmy Carter Jobs jojoba Jordan JP-4 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loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg Luxemburg lysis M15 M50 macadamia macauba Macedonia Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine maize Malawi Malaysia Mali mallees Malta mamona management changes mandates manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Biofuel marine algae Marine Corps Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks methanol/biomethanol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbe microbiology microorganizms microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum Monaco mongongo Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) muck multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol nahar Namibia nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Lab National Oceanic and Atmospheric 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cane sugar cane prices sugar cane straw Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugars sugars-to-fats sugar standards sulfur Sumatra sunflower supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweetgum sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas syngas fermentation synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic methane Syria Tailoring Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree Tamarix tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennesee Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic 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