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Bangchak Group Expands Used Cooking Oil Management Network for SAF Production

(Bangchak Group) Bangchak Group has expanded its collaboration with organizations and schools nationwide on the management of used cooking oil to produce sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Through the Fry to Fly and No Refry initiatives, the Group is systematically building a

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Developing an AI Framework for Optimizing Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells

(Seoul Tech)  A new framework rapidly identifies the best operating conditions for solid oxide electrolysis cells, advancing efficient hydrogen production As countries invest in green hydrogen to decarbonize heavy industry, transportation, and energy systems, researchers are seeking faster ways to accelerate the

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Workforce Training Pipelines

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The bioeconomy relies on two distinct training pipelines that fail at different points. Apprenticeships, which are employer sponsored, face high attrition due to persistence issues like transit, childcare, and mentoring quality. Their cumulative six year completion

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IIT Guwahati Research Paves the Way for Efficient CO₂ Capture and Microalgal Biofuel Production

(Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati)  Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati researchers have developed a two-stage cultivation process that can enhance carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture, microalgal biomass production, efficient self-harvesting, and bioenergy generation all at the same time. Microalgae capture CO₂ while producing

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Prickly Pear Cactus Offers Potential for Biofuels and Functional Food Ingredients

(Texas A&M AgriLIfe/Seed Today)  Texas A&M AgriLife Research scientists are studying prickly pear cactus as a potential source of biofuels and functional food ingredients, with the goal of creating new economic opportunities for growers while expanding access to health-focused food ingredients. Susanne

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Operator Competence and Commissioning

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) For novel bioprocesses, operator competence cannot exist beforehand because commissioning itself must first create it. While educational curricula transfer general procedures and hazard awareness, forty hours of training cannot teach judgment under abnormal operations, fault diagnosis,

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MN Bio-Fuels Receives National Award for Expanding Access to E15

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association) American Coalition for Ethanol recognizes MN Bio-Fuels with 2026 Paul Dana Marketing Vision Award Burnsville, Aug 24 - The Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association (MN Bio-Fuels) received the 2026 Paul Dana Marketing Vision Award from the American Coalition for Ethanol (ACE),

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Jet Engines Can’t Tell Coconut-Blend Fuel from Jet Fuel—but the Environment Can

(BioEngineer) ... Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have now reported a coconut oil-derived fuel that can be blended with conventional Jet A-1 without causing a major loss of engine performance. In experiments with a small turbojet engine, the new fuel maintained

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Small Doses of Caustic Soda Increase Biogas Production from Banana Waste

by José Tadeu Arantes  (Agência FAPESP) Low concentrations of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) are more efficient than high doses for preparing organic waste for biogas production. This finding increases methane production, reduces reagent consumption and, consequently, diminishes process costs

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KAIST–Samsung Heavy Industries, 32 Years of Industry-Academic Collaboration Bear Fruit… 'Next-Generation Ship Research Center' Launched

(KAIST (Google translation)) Our university announced that it held an opening ceremony for the 'SHI-KAIST Advanced Maritime Research Center (AMRC)' with Samsung Heavy Industries (CEO Choi Seong-an) on the 13th at John Hanna Hall in the Academic and Cultural Center of

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Kent Collaborates with the University of Manchester on Low-Carbon Hydrogen Research

(Kent) Kent has collaborated with the University of Manchester on research exploring the potential of chemical looping reforming as a pathway for low-carbon hydrogen production. The research, Multi-scale analysis of hydrogen production via chemical looping reforming: reactor and process design, plant-wide performance

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Engineered Microbe Speeds CO2 Capture, Recovers Critical Metals

by Chris Dawson (Cornell Duffield College of Engineering/Cornell Chronicle)  A genetically engineered bacterium can rapidly break down one of Earth’s most abundant minerals, opening a promising new pathway for simultaneously removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and recovering critical elements used in

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From Field Waste to Fuel – and a Living Wage for Rural Women

(Northumbria University Newcastle) Academics from Northumbria University have secured funding to build Pakistan's first full-scale demonstration plant that converts agricultural waste into clean energy, creating a new source of income for rural women at the same time. Every winter, farmers across Punjab

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Saskatchewan Polytech Grad Sees Biofuel Potential in Unwanted Algae from Lakes

Andrea Vera (CBC News)  Denhyn Holowatuk's idea won him a Wawanesa Climate Champions Youth Innovation Grant  --  Summer is the time when thick mats of algae proliferate in Saskatchewan lakes, but Denhyn Holowatuk sees it as a potential source of biofuel. Holowatuk, who

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Fascinated by the Word “Biomass,” a Seventh-Grader in Texas Made Algae Produce 77% More Biofuel Oils in Just Five Days with a Simple Vitamin-and-Salt Experiment

(Economic Times) In an innovative study, a budding student fascinated by the word 'biomass' delved into the promising world of algae as a source of biofuel. Remarkably, the introduction of vitamins accelerated the growth of algae, while adding salt significantly heightened

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Electrolyser Developed by Keele Scientists Enables Simultaneous Hydrogen and Sustainable Plastics Production

(Keele University)  Keele scientists have developed a new kind of electrolyser which produces both hydrogen and the base materials for sustainable plastic production, opening avenues for a range of applications in green technology and sustainable development.  Electrolysers are frequently used, including on

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The Green Lantern Problem: How South Dakota is Building Biomanufacturing Capability Inside Its People

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Having the universe’s most powerful device is entirely useless if you lack a trained Corps capable of wielding it under real-world pressure. Industrial biotechnology already knows how brutal technology transfer can be. Moving a process from

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Having a Field Day with Switchgrass

by Joanne Ivancic* (Advanced Biofuels USA) In his 2006 State of the Union address, President George W. Bush suggested that converting switchgrass and other non-corn feedstock into fuel ethanol could help us end our “addiction to oil” and “make our

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Perennial Bioenergy Grasses Begin Rebuilding Midwest Soil Carbon Lost to Maize

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign/Phys.Org)  Nearly two centuries of maize-based agriculture in the U.S. Midwest has halved soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks compared with tallgrass prairies native to the region. Replacing annual maize/soy cropping with perennial bioenergy grasses may partially reverse

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Optimized Enzyme Mix Cuts Biorefinery Costs while Sustaining Ethanol Production

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign/Tech Xplore) Lignocellulolytic enzymes are a primary cost constraint in second-generation ethanol biorefineries, accounting for up to 30% of operating expenses. Because it requires limited inputs and can achieve industrially viable ethanol titers and yields with an

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The Certainty Stack: Building Regional Confidence for Economic Harvest

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Tom (Jensen)’s  grandfather used to say farming was an exercise in optimism. Tom knows better: it is an exercise in information. ...  Tom’s first work each morning and his last work each night is to reduce

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Heriot-Watt Scientists Turn Dairy Waste into Fuel

(Heriot-Watt University)  A company that helped design how astronauts grow and recycle food in space is working with Heriot-Watt University to tackle the problem of dairy waste here on Earth. Take Root Bio worked with the International Centre for Brewing and Distilling

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Sustainability Assessments in the Classroom: CRA, LCA, TEA, Oh My!

By Julian R. Silverman (SUNY Fashion Institute of Technology/ACS) ... These days, assessments, especially across the central science, may focus on having students explore the economic, environmental, and social impacts of decisions made in the production of chemicals. Between life-cycle

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Light-Scattering Technology Boosts Algae Biomass Production Sixfold

by Emilie Lorditch (Michigan State University Today)  • Researchers have developed a low-energy way to distribute sunlight more evenly throughout algae cultivation systems. The technology increased algae biomass productivity by as much as six times in outdoor testing.  Unlike energy-intensive LED systems, the technology

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Penn State Researchers Evaluating Biomass-to-Gasoline Startup in Northern Pa.

by Jeff Mulhollem (Pennsylvania State University) Scientists in the College of Agricultural Sciences collaborating with Woodland Biomass Innovations to be sure the startup company is embarking on an ecologically sustainable operation Researchers in the Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences are

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R3VTech Wins Award for Process to Covert Glycerin into Solketal at Biodiesel Plants

(Loughborough University/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Loughborough University spin-out R3VTech has won runner up in the environment category at the Royal Society of Chemistry’s Emerging Technologies Competition 2026, recognizing the company as one of the U.K.’s most promising chemistry-led innovators tackling environmental challenges. The

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Advanced Biofuels USA at Energypath “Powering America’s Next 250 Years” Practical, Timely Boot Camp and Conference

by Joanne Ivancic* (Advanced Biofuels USA) The Sustainable Energy Fund (SEF) Energypath week should be a model followed by states, countries and regions around the world. Comprised of 3 days of “Boot Camp” hands-on training and education about various types of

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Switchgrass Field Day --- August 4, 2026 --- Doylestown, PA

Discover the potential of switchgrass and other warm-season grasses as profitable and sustainable crops for your operation. Join farmers and agricultural specialists to learn about field preparation, crop establishment, and harvesting practices that support successful production. During this afternoon program,

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Biotechnology Regulatory Fellowship Program Application DEADLINE August 31, 2026

Biotechnology Regulatory Fellowships are six-month, full-time (37.5 hours per week), hands-on professional development fellowships structured to engage Fellows in developing the evidence basis needed to meet future regulatory challenges presented by novel products of biotechnology. The Fellowships, which take place

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USDA NIFA Funds Biorefining, Bioenergy Projects

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The USDA’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture on June 23 announced it has awarded $5.6 million to support 11 projects that focus on converting, treating, processing, refining or manufacturing products to utilize plant, animal

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Temperature Dependence of Density and Viscosity of Biobutanol-Gasoline Blends

by Daniel Trost, Adam Polcar, Dorin Boldor, Divine Bup Nde, Artur Wolak and Vojtěch Kumbár (Applied Sciences)  Butanol seems to be an eligible fuel for compensating for the increasing fuel consumption. Biobutanol could be produced from local sources in the place of

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Expanding Uses for Bioengineered Bacterial Spores

(Tufts University Newswise)  A remarkable quality of bioengineering is the fact that scientists can take biological processes honed by millions of years of evolution and use them to efficiently create drugs, chemicals, and other products to improve our lives. Now Tufts

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Researchers from Incheon National University Develop a New Approach to Unlock Hidden Genetic Potential in Microbes

(Incheon National University/PR Newswire)  Microorganisms are increasingly being engineered to manufacture valuable compounds ranging from medicines and food ingredients to biofuels and industrial chemicals. However, turning microbes into efficient production platforms requires extensive strain optimization. Finding the right genetic changes to

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Canada’s Microbial Fuel Factories: How University Researchers Are Turning Microorganisms into the Next Generation of Biofuels

by Tim Sandle (Digital Journal)  As governments and industries search for alternatives to fossil fuels, biofuels remain one of the most promising routes toward decarbonising transportation, aviation and industrial processes. Yet traditional biofuels, produced from crops such as corn, wheat and sugarcane,

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How Shrimp Shells Are Being Turned Into ‘Carbon Negative’ Fuel, Food and Construction Materials

by Ashley Braun (bioGraphic/Smithsonian Magazine)  Engineers in Singapore have developed a new, multistep chemical process that transforms organic waste into useful, sustainable products In low-lying Singapore, electrochemical engineer Li Hong has found a creative way to displace some of the city-state’s dependence

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PressCane Takes Ethanol from Factory Floor to Malawian Kitchens

(United Nations Development Programme Malawi) PressCane has a combined annual production capacity of 27 million litres of fuel ethanol, pharmaceutical-grade ethanol and hydrous ethanol. -- In Malawi’s clean energy transition, the cooking fire remains one of the most urgent frontlines. Across many

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Demonstrating Carbon Transfer through Underground Fungal Networks in Plants

by Masahide YAMATO (Chibadai Next)  My research focuses on elucidation of the ecology of mycorrhizae, the symbiotic associations between plants and fungi, primarily in natural ecosystems. In particular, I have investigated partial mycoheterotrophy in photosynthetic plants, with a special focus on orchids

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UJ’s JENano Group Advances Green Hydrogen and Energy-Storage Technologies

by Charlotte Motinyane (University of Johannesburg Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment/Creamer Media's Engineering News)  Researchers from the JENano Group at the University of Johannesburg (UJ) are advancing South Africa’s green hydrogen ambitions through integrated research spanning computational materials design,

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Wet Coffee Grounds Turned into High-Grade Solid Fuel in Just 90 Seconds

(National Research Council of Science & Technology/EurekAlert!) A world-first flame plasma pyrolysis technology eliminates the need for pre-drying, turning moisture-laden organic waste into anthracite-grade biochar with industrial potential Addressing a Growing Waste Challenge Every year, global coffee consumption generates more than 10 million

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Turning Food Waste into Carbon Captors

by Samuel Schlaefli (ETH Zurich)  The removal of CO₂ from the atmosphere is considered an important tool in the fight against climate change – but has so far been an energy-intensive and expensive process. Now, researchers have developed a new method that

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Illinois Study Explores Feasibility of Creating Sustainable Jet Fuel from Food Waste

by Marianne Stein (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)  The aviation industry accounts for a large portion of global greenhouse gas emissions. Biobased, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) can mitigate climate impacts, but transitioning to SAF faces critical supply chain constraints. A research team

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Catalyst Breakthrough Could Accelerate Green Hydrogen Production

by David Carroll (PV Magazine) An international research team, including scientists from the University of Adelaide, have developed a highly efficient microscopic iridium catalyst that could represent an important step toward more affordable and efficient green hydrogen production.  --  University of

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UQ tech turns captured CO₂ into valuable chemicals

(University of Queensland)  University of Queensland researchers have developed a new method to produce industrial chemicals commonly used in agriculture, textiles and pharmaceuticals with only carbon dioxide (CO₂), water and electricity.  The first-of-its-kind electrochemical generator offers high‑emissions industries a safer and more environmentally friendly pathway

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to the Bioeconomy Workforce Gap

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Despite abundant capital and feedstock, trained operators remain the binding constraint for scaling the bioeconomy. The industry demands over 60,000 skilled roles, but current pipelines produce only a quarter of that need. This severe shortage sparks

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Lighter Fare for Cattle and Microbes

by Chris Hubbuch (Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center)  Rebecca Smith uses genetic tools to develop plants that can be digested more easily. The outcomes could be greater efficiency for biofuel production and lower methane emissions from dairy cows. In the King Hall

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GLBRC Researcher Selected for DOE Grad Student Program

(Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center) Brandon Kristy, a graduate student in the Evans lab at Michigan State University, will use cutting-edge nanoscale ion mass spectrometry to visualize isotopic signatures inside roots and fungi at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. ... Kristy’s specialty is plant

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Hybrid Reactor System Optimizes Production by ‘Multitasking’ Microbes

by Chris Hubbuch (Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center) Plant fibers are a potential renewable source of fuels and chemicals traditionally derived from petroleum. Plant sugars can be fermented into alcohols used as drop-in fuel or processed into jet fuel, while other parts

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Study Identifies Enzymes that Could Improve Isobutanol Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

(Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center) Background/Objective  --  Isobutanol is a fusel alcohol with advantages over ethanol as a biofuel or platform for sustainable aviation fuel. Some microbes naturally produce isobutanol at low levels with the enzyme 2-ketoacid decarboxylase (KDC), which converts 2-Ketoisovalerate

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Decoding Abiotic Stress Resilience in Sorghum

(Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center) Background/Objective -- Sorghum is a stress resilient crop and a promising biofuel candidate. Given changing global climate patterns, developing crops that can be grown in intense environments is vital to maintaining robust food and energy sources. The

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Modeling Zymomonas Mobilis Membrane Interactions with Lignocellulosic Inhibitors

(Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center)  Background/Objectives  --  Bioenergy crops can be deconstructed using physical or chemical processes into small molecules for biological conversion to biofuels and products. Zymomonas Mobilis is one such microbial chassis that is resistant to ethanol stress but may

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MIT Researchers Explore Energy-Efficient Alternative to Carbon Capture

(MIT News/Carbon Capture Magazine)  Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a promising new approach to carbon capture that could offer a more energy-efficient and scalable alternative to conventional methods used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon capture is widely

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RFA Supports Girl Scout Car Care Education

(Renewable Fuels Association)  To help young drivers learn about the value and importance of caring for their vehicles and choosing the right fuels, the Renewable Fuels Association is sponsoring a series of car care workshops for girl scouts via its partnership

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UNSW Research Solves Critical Electrolyzer Bottleneck in Green Hydrogen Production

by Ev Foley (PV Magazine)  UNSW researchers have used 3D imaging to see how trapped bubbles affect the efficacy of electrolysers in the production of green hydrogen, smoothing the way for decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors such as steelmaking and heavy-duty transport. University of

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Growing a New ‘Leaf’ that Harnesses Sun, Water and CO2 to Make Liquid Fuel

by Jim Shelton (Yale University News)  A research team led by Yale chemists has taken the ability of science to mimic photosynthesis to a new level, with a standalone device that produces methanol. A Yale-led research team has developed the first standalone

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Southeast University and Korea University Study Map Sustainable Biomass-to-Energy Pathways

(Cactus Communications/EurekAlert!)  Researchers provide a roadmap for converting biomass into renewable energy and chemicals using machine learning and sustainability assessments As global efforts to reduce dependence on fossil resources continue to intensify, biomass has emerged as a promising renewable feedstock for producing

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California Clean Air Day (October 7, 2026) Microgrant Application Open DEADLINE July 17, 2026

(Coalition for Clean Air)  Funding of up to $1,000 is available to make California Clean Air Day a success in your community. Please complete this grant application for potential funding for your local event or activity. To be eligible for funding,

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Alchemity Receives Build our Future Award from Governor Moore

(Maryland Energy Innovation Institute)  On June 8, 2026, Governor Wes Moore announced that the Maryland Department of Commerce has awarded 11 grants totaling nearly $7 million through the Build Our Future Grant Program. The recipients represent projects that will support innovation

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AM Green Plans to Build Green Ammonia Plant at Indian Port

(Manifold Times)  Initiative also includes development of green ammonia handling, storage and bunkering infrastructure, pilot bunkering operations, safety procedures and training programmes, says VOC Port Authority. VO Chidambaranar (VOC) Port Authority on Friday (29 May) said it has signed a Memorandum of

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Purdue Agricultural Engineers Harness Microbial Activity for Biofuels Production

by Steve Koppes (Purdue University)  Converting aquaculture sludge with a natural microbial process into a viable renewable biofuel presents a mind-numbing chess match of biochemical variables. This process — anaerobic digestion — involves microbes operating in a no-oxygen environment. “Although the anaerobic

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University of Birmingham Develops Low-Temperature Hydrogen Production Method

by Joseph Morton (Mugglehead Magazine)  Researchers at the University of Birmingham have developed a new hydrogen production method that could significantly reduce the cost and energy demands associated with generating the clean burning fuel. The team said on Sunday that the approach

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A Fork in the Road Podcast: Clean Energy Biofuels

by David Zelski (GPB) What happens to used cooking oil after a restaurant closes for the night? Join David on a visit to Clean Energy Biofuels in Monroe, Georgia, where used fryer oil and grease trap waste are transformed into renewable fuel.

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Minnewaska Area Middle School Tours CVEC

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association)  Forty-five students from Minnewaska Area Middle School’s ag processing class toured Chippewa Valley Ethanol Company (CVEC) in Benson yesterday (May 19, 2026).  During the tour, the students learned about the various stages of ethanol production such as incoming grain

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West Central Area High School Students Tour CVEC

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association)  Fifteen students from West Central Area Secondary’s Plant Science & Ag Processing class toured Chippewa Valley Ethanol Company (CVEC) yesterday to learn about ethanol production. “We were delighted to host and share with students from West Central Area Secondary

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Hutchinson High School Students Visit Heartland Corn Products

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association)  Fourteen students from Hutchinson High School toured Heartland Corn Products in Winthrop on April 17 to learn more about the ethanol production process.  During their visit, they were briefed on the various stages of ethanol production such as

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Albert Lea High School Tour Al-Corn Clean Fuel

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association)  Twenty students from Albert Lea High School’s agronomy and plant science class toured Al-Corn Clean Fuel yesterday to learn more about ethanol production.  During the tour, the students learned of the various stages of ethanol production such as incoming

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Burnsville Drivers Save with Unleaded 88

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association)  With gas prices continuing to rise, the Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association (MN Bio-Fuels) today held an hour-long event at a BP station in Burnsville to educate drivers on how they can save at the pump with Unleaded 88. During the

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‘Cheaper than Cooking Gas’: Gadkari Unveils Ethanol Stove Innovation

(IANS/Mathrubhumi) Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari has unveiled an indigenous ethanol-based cooking stove technology that he said can produce cooking flames at a lower cost than commercial LPG cylinders, while also announcing a Rs 40-crore initiative to

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Many Biofuels Haven’t Panned out. Could Algae Make the Clean Diesel and Aviation Fuel Australia Needs?

by mayaluana, Peter Ralph, Alexandra Thomson, Martin Lloyd (Climate Change Cluster/Univesity of Technology Sydney/The Conversation)  ... As algae researchers, we believe these humble organisms are worth exploring. Making biodiesel and sustainable aviation fuel from these fast growing organisms can be done with

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2026 On-Demand EcoForums Training Series

(EcoEngineers) Navigating Low‑Carbon Fuel and Transportation Regulations & Life-Cycle Analysis Fundamentals  --  As part of our EcoUniversity training program, we are proud to launch a new EcoForums Training Series designed to help professionals build critical skills and regulatory literacy in the fast-moving

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RFA Again Receives National Recognition for Ethanol Safety Program

(Renewable Fuels Association) The Renewable Fuels Association’s nationally recognized safety program has been honored with its 14th consecutive National Achievement Award from TRANSCAER, a national hazardous materials safety coalition. “Receiving this award is always an honor because it demonstrates our success in

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The Alcohol School: Education Evolved

(Lallemand Biofuels & Distilled Spirits/Ethanol Producer Magazine) For more than 45 years, The Alcohol School has educated ethanol and distilled spirits plant staff of all levels and job descriptions on the technical details of their processes—an academic-level understanding of how a

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The LanzaTech/DTU Deal: The Nimble Evolution of the Bioeconomy’s Wascally Wabbit

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... This month, in a quieter but not entirely unrelated struggle, LanzaTech and Technical University of Denmark (DTU) announced plans to establish a next-generation C1 biofoundry in Europe. On May 5, DTU and LanzaTech unveiled a multi-year

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Making Solid Waste Fun: Communications Manager's Social Media Skills Win 'Top Influencer' Award

by Erik Anderson (Frederick News Post)  But Paul Varga, the communications manager for the Frederick County Division of Solid Waste and recycling, has defeated that assumption with funny memes that blend eco-friendly education with topics like dinosaurs, anime characters, '80s sitcoms,

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Deep Tech Startup Reduciner Introduces Novel Technology to Turn Captured Carbon into Sustainable Fuels

(VTT Research)  Reduciner’s innovative technology addresses one of the most difficult challenges in climate change mitigation: how to turn unavoidable industrial emissions into an asset. For industrial customers, it offers a cost-efficient way to profitably use captured CO₂, reduce dependence on

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EU Rules Risk Energy-Intensive SAF Production Strategies

by Charlotte Bailey (AIN Online)  A report from Sweden’s Chalmers University of Technology has cautioned that under existing European Union (EU) rules, fossil-free aviation fuels may become more expensive and energy-intensive. After analysing different methods for producing synthetic methanol, the study

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Morocco Launches Joint Center of Excellence in Clean Hydrogen in Casablanca

by Hanane Afeznaoui (Morocco World News) Morocco strengthened its clean energy research capacity with new projects aimed at advancing green hydrogen development and supporting the energy transition.  --  Morocco launched on Tuesday (May 12, 2026) a Joint Center of Excellence in Clean Hydrogen

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CertifHy and Hydrogen Europe Partner for RFNBO Certification Training

(CertifHy) CertifHy and Hydrogen Europe are teaming up in a strategic partnership to provide Hydrogen Europe’s members and the wider hydrogen community with targeted training on Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBO) certification, built on a well-established programme developed over the

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Microalgae Can Photosynthetically Produce and Secrete Biofuel Precursors

(Saitama University/Phys.Org)  Microalgae have attracted growing attention as a promising platform for sustainable biofuel production because they can use photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide into energy-rich compounds without competing with food crops. However, practical use of algal biofuels has long faced

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Rewriting the RFS Playbook: The Challenge of Meeting D4 Biomass-Based Diesel RIN Generation for 2026-2027

by Todd Hubbs and Scott Irwin (Oklahoma State University and University of Illinois/farmdoc daily) On March 27, 2026, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released the final “Set 2” rule establishing Renewable Volume Obligations (RVOs) under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS)

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UT Startup to Scale Hydrogen Fuel Cell Tech with UT Seed Fund Investment

(UT News) Celadyne, a startup launched out of UT Austin, is utilizing dual-use materials to solve long-standing infrastructure challenges in hydrogen production and storage, clearing a path for hydrogen’s widespread adoption.  --  Discovery to Impact, the group overseeing the UT Seed

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Developing Biowaste Coatings to Boost CO2-to-Fuel Conversion

(National University of Singpore) ... One of the most promising routes for diversifying fuel production from crude oil is using renewable electricity for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into high-value products such as ethylene that today come almost exclusively

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Planes and Ships Could Run on Kelp Someday, but There Are Serious Hurdles

by Zoe Beketova and Ana Georgescu (MIT Graduate Program in Science Writing/Associated Press)  Green cells whirl around a red-light chamber, propelled by a blade through bubbling water. These little seaweed cells, called gametophytes, will develop into a strain of fast-growing kelp

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Turning Plastic Waste into Clean Fuel Using Sunlight

(Adelaide University) Scientists are advancing a promising solution to two of the world’s biggest challenges – plastic pollution and clean energy – by transforming waste plastics into valuable fuels using sunlight. A new paper led by Adelaide University PhD candidate Xiao Lu

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Wärtsilä Joins EU-Funded Consortium to further Accelerate Zero-Carbon Shipping for Long-Distance Vessels

(Wärtsilä)  Technology group Wärtsilä has joined H4PERION, an EU-funded Horizon Europe project led by the University of Vaasa in Finland, to help accelerate the transition to zero-carbon long-distance shipping. The four-year project will develop and demonstrate solutions to improve engine efficiency

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Improving Lives: USGBC Facilitates E10 Trial Program For Indigenous Communities In Taiwan

(U.S. Grains & Bioproducts Council) Last week, the U.S. Grains & BioProducts Council (USGBC) and Sanyang Motor (SYM), in partnership with the Tmabun Association, launched the Bioethanol Mobility Initiative to support indigenous communities in Taichung’s mountainous region and test the efficiency

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Explore Careers: Resources to Help You Explore Agriculture Related Careers

(Grow Next Gen)  What do you like to do? What are you good at? What do others tell you you’re good at?  Utilize these resources to help you explore agriculture related careers, assess your career interests, guide your future choices of coursework

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Biochar Unlocks Cleaner Hydrogen Production by Overcoming a Key Fermentation Barrier

(Shenyang Agricultural University/EurekAlert!)  A new study reveals how a simple, low-cost material could significantly boost the production of clean hydrogen fuel from waste. Researchers have demonstrated that biochar, a carbon-rich material made from biomass, can overcome one of the biggest challenges

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Earth Month A-Z: Today--Bonus Video

Our Concern for the Earth Doesn't End on April 22, Earth Day.  Advanced Biofuels USA, a nonprofit educational organization provides daily updates to our FREE online library with information about sustainable, renewable fuels in the US and around the world. In

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Chinese Scientists Achieve Breakthrough in Direct Seawater Hydrogen Production Research

(Xinhua) A group of Chinese scientists have innovatively proposed a systematic assessment framework for the large-scale industrial application of direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production, providing theoretical support for the development of the marine green hydrogen industry. According to a recent research

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RFA Launches Updated Ethanol Emergency Response Training Program and Expands 2026 Training Schedule --- various dates and locations through 2026

(Renewable Fuels Association) The Renewable Fuels Association today announced the release of a fully updated Ethanol Emergency Response Training Program, introducing expanded training resources and a new online learning platform to better support emergency responders and industry personnel. The updated program includes

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Transport and Logistics Bureau Holds World's First Administration-Led Training-the-Trainer Programme on Green Maritime Fuel

(Hong Kong Transport and Logistics Bureau) Led by the Transport and Logistics Bureau and in collaboration with the Maritime Just Transition Task Force of the United Nations Global Compact, with the Hong Kong Shipowners Association and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University

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Scientists Say Date Palm Surface Fibers Can Produce Bio-oil and Support Bio-energy Applications

(University of Sharjah/EurekAlert!)  Researchers have developed a method to extract bio-oil from the surface fiber waste of date palm trees, an abundant, low-cost, and sustainable biomass resource generated by an estimated 150 million date palm trees worldwide. The findings are presented in

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NEED Student Leadership Award Application DEADLINE April 30, 2026

The NEED (National Energy Education Development) Project recognizes student leadership by awarding the Youth Energy Leadership Award each year to up to two students who have demonstrated outstanding energy leadership, knowledge, and an interest in continuing their energy studies for

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NEED Energy Exchange --- Monthly through May 2026 --- ONLINE

Educators: Join National Energy Education Development (NEED) Project for a monthly webinar with NEED's creative curriculum team. Each month will feature a new topic or highlight/demonstrate a set of new activities or oldies but goodies! When? Webinars will typically take place

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The Clean Fuels Foundation Announces the 2026 Beth Calabotta Sustainability Education Grant Winner

(Clean Fuels Alliance America)  The Clean Fuels Alliance Foundation has awarded Janice Shiu the 2026 Beth Calabotta Sustainability Education Grant. Shiu is a graduate student at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, pursuing a degree in Computer Science and conducting research that

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Improved Catalyst Enhances the Conversion of Ethanol to Hydrogen

(Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Amid the climate crisis and the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, hydrogen has emerged as one of the most promising energy sources for the transition to a

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USGBC: Ethanol Industry Stakeholders Attend Procurement Course in North Dakota

(U.S. Grains & BioProducts Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine) In March, the U.S. Grains & BioProducts Council and North Dakota Corn welcomed stakeholders from Ghana, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Mozambique and Nigeria for an ethanol procurement course designed to help importers acquire U.S. ethanol

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Researchers Turn Recovered Car Battery Acid and Plastic Waste into Clean Hydrogen

(University of Cambridge) Researchers have developed a solar-powered reactor to break down hard-to-recycle forms of plastic waste – such as drinks bottles, nylon textiles and polyurethane foams – using acid recovered from old car batteries, and converting it into clean hydrogen

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Is the Use of Bio-fuel Viable in Vehicles Employed in Remote and Challenging Exploration? Results from the ‘Into Clean Air’ 2025 Expedition

by Alan Crofts (Geography Directions)  The “Into Clean Air” Expedition took place in May 2025 to demonstrate that implementing a carbon mitigating strategy is plausible in terms of using alternative biomass fuel to power remote expedition vehicles and solar voltaic mats to

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Pertamina NRE and the U.S. Grains & BioProducts Council Strengthen Knowledge Exchange Collaboration for Bioethanol Development.

(Pertamina)  Pertamina New & Renewable Energy (Pertamina NRE) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the U.S. Grains & BioProducts Council (USGBC) on Friday (27/03/26), to strengthen collaboration in bioethanol development in Indonesia through joint studies, knowledge exchange, and capacity building

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UK Innovation Turns Distillery Waste into Supercapacitors

by Christian Honce  (University of Kentucky)  Kentuckians drink a lot of bourbon, and that means a lot of fermented grain leftover after distillation. For every bottle of bourbon produced, there’s up to 10 barrels of waste in the form of stillage. That’s what

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NOMIS & Science Young Explorer Award Application DEADLINE May 15, 2026

(Science Magazine) Through the NOMIS & Science Young Explorer Award, the editors of Science and NOMIS wish to recognize bold young researchers who ask fundamental questions at the intersection of the life and social sciences; scientists who have performed interdisciplinary work with an enthusiasm that has

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Milan No-Till Field Day --- July 23, 2026 --- Milan, TN

Biennial event returns with presentations, field tours and more   The 34th Milan No-Till Field Day is scheduled for Thursday, July 23, from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the AgResearch and Education Center at Milan. One of the largest events in

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Ag Biotech Academy --- June 9-10, 2026 --- Springfield, OH (Ohio teachers only)

A hands-on, 2-day experience introducing teachers to the ways biotech is incorporated into agriculture using biotech skills in food science. Ag Biotech Academy introduces teachers to the ways biotech is incorporated into agriculture using biotech skills in food science activities and

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One-Pot Process to Convert Sugarcane Waste to Jet Fuel

(University of Queensland) Converting sugarcane waste to biofuel could become more environmentally friendly and cost effective, thanks to a joint project at The University of Queensland and the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi.  PhD candidate Ms Neethu Joshikumar has successfully tested a process to

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Combining Algae and Oyster Shells for Biodiesel Born in the Bayou

(American Chemical Society) Biodiesel is a renewable fuel and offers a sustainable and potentially carbon-neutral alternative to petroleum products. Yet production costs remain a hurdle to its widespread use. Now, researchers have developed an inexpensive way to make biodiesel from materials

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ABLC 2026 Review: “Together America Prospers” Let's Start in Academia!

by Joanne Ivancic* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  “Together America Prospers”  That’s the slogan on the pens given out at the US Department of Agriculture information table at the Advanced Bioeconomy Leadership Conference (ABLC) held in Washington DC. March 18-20. The importance of

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KOMERI and Mokpo National Maritime University Sign Technology Collaboration Agreement for Eco-Friendly Ammonia for Ships

(KOMERI (Google Translation)) -Next-generation carbon-free fuel 'ammonia 'Cooperation on eco-friendly ship technology begins in earnest -Establishing a specialized training system for ammonia fuel supply and propulsion system research.     Korea Marine Equipment Research Instituteb(Director Bae Jeong-cheol,bKOMERI)band Mokpo National Maritime Universityb(President Choi Bu-hong,Below is Mokpo

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"Solar Battery" Supplies Hydrogen from Solar Energy at the Touch of a Button Copolymer Enables Flexible Use of Energy over Time

(Ulm University) Storing energy from sunlight and converting it into hydrogen days later is what a new material jointly developed by researchers from Ulm and Jena can do - even in the dark. The process is reversible and can be reactivated

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Girls Auto Clinic Provides Ethanol Education

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com)  At the 2026 National Ethanol Conference, Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) Membership and Marketing Manager Kendra Coulson highlighted a unique partnership with Patrice Banks, founder of Girls Auto Clinic, aimed at educating women about vehicle maintenance and the

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$9 Million Grant Funds Study of Cactus Pear as Water-Saving Biofuel for the Mountain West

by Kaleb Roedel (KUNR Public Radio) Researchers at the University of Nevada, Reno, have received a $9 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to study an unlikely candidate for future fuels: cactus pear. The desert-adapted plant already grows across much of the

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Synergizing Production

by Katie Schroeder (Ethanol Producer Magazine) As a food mill and ethanol plant reunite under the same owner, the new combined company works to integrate the two parties’ operations by building on the legacy of utilizing corn to make fuel, flour,

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New Ethanol, Agricultural Export Infographics Available on Council Website

(U.S. Grains & Bioproducts Council) The U.S. Grains & BioProducts Council (USGBC) recently developed a set of infographics with statistics about U.S. agricultural exports in marketing year (MY) 2024/2025 and explainers on ethanol storage and infrastructure compatibility. Using data from the U.S.

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ACE Offers Tools to Increase Ethanol Usage

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com) The big topic at the 2026 Commodity Classic last week was the need for year-round, nationwide E15, but despite the roadblocks the number of stations selling higher blends continues to increase, according to American Coalition for Ethanol Senior Vice

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Nebraska Builds Biotech Workforce to Support Growing Industry

by Daniela Castillo Monagas (World Bio Market Insights) Nebraska is working to capture opportunities in the growing biotechnology industry, starting with a new training facility designed to keep talent in the state. Metropolitan Community College is building the region’s first biotech lab in

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Hydrogen ProtoHub Receives Hydrogen Safety Excellence Award; Expands Industry Collaboration Through New Program

(GTI Energy) The Hydrogen ProtoHub, co-managed by GTI Energy and The Center for Electromechanics at The University of Texas at Austin, has been selected as the project recipient of the Robert Zalosh Hydrogen Safety Excellence Award from the Center for Hydrogen Safety, an AIChE technical

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WBA Biogas Plant Optimisation Training Course --- March 10, 2026 --- ONLINE

The  WBA Biogas Plant Optimisation Training Course, instructed by Angela Cronjé, a seasoned chemical engineer with two decades of experience in managing organic waste processing on functional plants, is designed to provide operators with an in-depth understanding of the mechanical and biological

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March Madness: Battle of the Biofuel Crops --- March 24, 2026 --- ONLINE recording available

Join the Wisconsin Energy Institute for the second annual March Madness Forward in Energy Forum featuring the “Battle of the Biofuel Crops." Four scientists from the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center will passionately pitch why their chosen plant is the most fascinating

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Climate Summit Focuses on Sustainability Solutions

by Erik Anderson (Frederick News Post) A local nonprofit group educated hundreds of participants about sustainable living solutions at a two-day event at Hood College. Mobilize Frederick's fourth annual climate summit offered a poetry contest, lectures, workshops, panel discussions, and more Friday

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Fundamentals of Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass --- August 24, 2026 --- Golden, CO

This 1-day course, directly before the tcbiomass+ conference, reviews the fundamentals of biomass conversion. This fundamental course will provide background information on feedstock preparation, gasification, pyrolysis, upgrading, and technoeconomics taught by experts from around the world. It is designed to help

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Charting a New Course: The LEGO Group Unveils Collectible Maersk Dual-Fuel Container Vessel

(Lego)   Set sail on a groundbreaking building voyage! The LEGO Group proudly introduces the Maersk Dual-Fuel Container Vessel, a meticulously detailed 1,516-piece set. This authentic model allows builders aged 12 and up to construct the pioneering Ane Maersk, a true icon

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Biofuels, Circular Economy and Conscious Capitalism: Scaling Pathways for Viksit Bharat and Net Zero

by Anandajit Goswami and Pragati Chauhan (The Pioneer)  India’s sustainability journey hinges on transforming waste into wealth, and biofuels are emerging as the linchpin of this transition. With millions of tonnes of food waste and agricultural residues generated annually, the opportunity

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IICA Launches 1st Edition of Diploma Program in Liquid Biofuels Begins April 27, 2026 Application DEADLINE April 3, 2026

(Guyana Times) The Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) on Tuesday (February 24, 2026) announced the launch of the first edition of the Diploma Program in Liquid Biofuels, an academic initiative designed to strengthen technical training in a sector that

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The Status of Informal Science and Engineering Education: Proceedings of a Convocation 2026

(National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine) In 2025, the National Academies brought together more than 400 researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and funders to discuss the latest developments in the field of informal science and engineering education. Participants representing a wide variety

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Proving What’s Possible: Applied Hydrogen Innovation at the Hydrogen ProtoHub in Austin, TX

By Susan Stuver, PhD and Travis Pyrzynski (Catalyst by GTI Energy)  ...  The Hydrogen ProtoHub evolved from the U.S. Department of Energy’s H2@Scale in Texas and Beyond project, which validated technical feasibility and built foundational infrastructure for hydrogen deployment. Now, the H2

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From Algae to Biofuel: Western Study Opens Doors to Cheaper, Cleaner Fuel Sources

by Cynthia Fazio (Western News)  Schulich Medicine & Dentistry researchers discover innovative cell engineering method  -- A researcher’s keen eye and spirit of curiosity led to the discovery of a new method for cell engineering – a finding that opens doors to

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Sustainable and Efficient Production of Ammonia and Formic Acid

(Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz)  Research team led by Dandan Gao at JGU has developed a three-component catalyst for pulsed electrolysis --  A research team led by Dr. Dandan Gao from the Department of Chemistry at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) has developed

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These Microbes Don’t Always Play Well Together, but the Combination Could Cut Cost of Biofuel

by Cesareo Contreras (Northeastern Global News)  “The core technology we’re working on here can be summed up by asking the question — can it be that two microbes are better than one?” said Northeastern Chemical Engineering Professor Ben Woolston. It’s well understood in

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The Case of the Disappearing Pretreatment: Atlantic Biomass’ Dual Pathway Tech under the Microscope at 221B Baker Street

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... Holmes smiled faintly. “When a process requires eight steps, Watson, one may safely assume that several are disguising inefficiency.” And thus began the Case of the Disappearing Pretreatment. ...  The Phase I STTR work led by Atlantic Biomass,

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Department of Energy Awards $9 Million for National Research Project on Cactus Pear’s Bioenergy Potential

by Emma Lande (Nevada Today)  University of Nevada, Reno researchers will lead the multistate five-year project  --  As the quest to diversify and expand sustainable alternative energy products continues, the U.S. Department of Energy has awarded a $9 million grant to support

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Ten Awarded Scholarships to Attend National Ethanol Conference

(Renewable Fuels Association) The Renewable Fuels Foundation announces 10 recipients of the Robert Sather Memorial Scholarship, which annually offers opportunities for college students and members of the Renewable Fuels Association’s Young Professionals Network to attend the National Ethanol Conference. The event

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Metal Oxide Photocatalysts Advance Solar-Powered CO2 Conversion to Fuels

(Shanghai Jiao Tong University Journal Center/EurekAlertt!) Engineers have developed sophisticated metal oxide semiconductor photocatalysts that achieve remarkable efficiency in converting carbon dioxide (CO₂) into renewable fuels using solar energy, according to a new mini-review that maps recent advances in this critical

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Novel Multilevel Dispersion Strategy Produces High-Efficiency Membrane for Bioethanol Recovery

(Higher Education Press/EurekAlert!)  The purification of bioethanol from fermentation broths is a critical step in renewable fuel production. Pervaporation has emerged as a sustainable and highly efficient method for bioethanol extraction. In this process, mixed matrix membranes containing specialized nanofillers can selectively

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Atlantic Biomass Announces Duel Pathway System to Affordably Produce Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) and Renewable Bioproducts: Feedstocks Are Perennial Grasses and Other Renewable Biomass Sources

(Atlantic Biomass)  Do you know why passenger and freight planes are not using renewable biofuel? It’s a simple reason - it costs too much. “Converting stems and leaves from sustainable biomass into high-energy liquid fuels is not easy,” says Atlantic Biomass

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Scientists Use Sunlight and Liquid Metal to Produce Clean Hydrogen from Water

(University of Sydney) Researchers have created a process using liquid metals, powered by sunlight, that can produce clean hydrogen from both freshwater and seawater. The method allows researchers to ‘harvest’ hydrogen molecules from water while also avoiding many of the limits in

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Two-Stage Hydrothermal Process Turns Wastewater Sludge into Cleaner Biofuel

(Shenyang Agricultural University/EurekAlert!)  Scientists have developed an improved method to convert municipal wastewater sludge into higher quality renewable fuel while significantly reducing harmful nitrogen compounds, offering a promising pathway for cleaner energy and sustainable waste management. Municipal sludge is a by-product of

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NUS Launches Project to Advance Near-Zero Emissions Ammonia Marine Engines

(National University of Singapore)  Industry–academia collaboration to be based at CDE targets decarbonisation of the global shipping industry through new ammonia-fuelled engine concept. A major new industry–academia research collaboration project to be hosted on the CDE campus aims to accelerate the decarbonisation

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Breakthrough Tech Transforms Food Waste into Green Fuel for Ships

by Zhou Wenting (China Daily)  Researchers from the Shanghai-based East China University of Science and Technology have unveiled a revolutionary technology that converts leftover food waste into green fuel for ocean-going vessels.  Researchers from the Shanghai-based East China University of Science and

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Advanced Biofuels Canada Announces Federal Support for Clean Fuels Awareness Campaign: $97 Million in Investments

(Advanced Biofuels Canada/Canadian Biomass Magazine)  Advanced Biofuels Canada Association (ABFC) welcomes the federal announcement of more than $97 million in investments supporting clean transportation across Canada, including new funding for education and awareness initiatives focused on clean transportation across Canada. As part of this

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Australia Collaborates with China on Sustainable Aviation

(Adelaide University) Adelaide University has been awarded a $400,000 grant from the National Foundation for Australia-China Relations (NFACR), under the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, to deliver a sustainable aviation project over the next two years. Announced this week by the

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UP Team Finds Viable Biofuel Source at Mount Makiling

by Bella Cariaso (The Philippine Star)  As the country looks for sustainable energy sources, a team of experts from the University of the Philippines found that oleaginous yeast isolated from the Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR) can be a viable source

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Microbial System to Convert CO₂ into Eco-Friendly Butanol

by JooHyeon Heo (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology/Phys.Org)  ... Microbial conversion offers a sustainable solution, as microbes naturally consume CO₂, producing useful compounds with minimal energy and without relying on expensive catalysts. A joint research team from UNIST and the

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CALL FOR POSTERS Student Poster Challenge: tcbiomass+2026 --- August 25-27, 2026 --- Denver, CO DEADLINE March 31, 2026

Since its inaugural event in 2009, tcbiomass has become a hallmark conference in the world of bioenergy. From the beginning, the role of event founder GTI Energy, a pioneering energy research and development organization, granted tcbiomass a unique position from

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CALL FOR PAPERS, POSTERS tcbiomass+2026 --- August 25-27, 2026 --- Denver, CO DEADLINE March 31, 2026

Since its inaugural event in 2009, tcbiomass has become a hallmark conference in the world of bioenergy. From the beginning, the role of event founder GTI Energy, a pioneering energy research and development organization, granted tcbiomass a unique position from

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Teaming up to Advance Dual-Fuel Engine Technology

by Geoff McMaster (University of Alberta)   U of A partnership with City of Edmonton and Diesel Tech Industries will boost research and training aimed at reducing emissions from city vehicles --   The University of Alberta is teaming up with the City

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Neste Supports Catalysis Research at Three Universities in Finland

(Neste) Neste is making donations to three Finnish universities. This funding is intended to foster groundbreaking catalysis research and strengthen long-term academic expertise across three areas: catalysis engineering (Åbo Akademi University), catalysis chemistry (University of Eastern Finland), and catalysis modeling (University

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Environmental Education: A Program on Used Oil Recycling Trained Nearly 6,000 Students in Argentina

(EcoNews (Google Translation))  January 26th is World Environmental Education Day , a date that invites us to reflect on the key role of education as a tool for promoting environmental protection and the responsible use of resources. Within this framework, schools are becoming increasingly important as strategic

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Climate-Friendly Generation of Formate and Hydrogen from the Waste Product Glycerol

(Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz /EurekAlert!)  An electrolysis technique developed at JGU could make an important contribution to the electrification of the chemical industry -- Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) have developed a method which gives access to the valuable raw

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Efficient Method to Capture Carbon Dioxide from the Atmosphere Developed at the University of Helsinki

(University of Helsinki) The method is based on a recyclable filtration fluid consisting of a superbase-alcohol compound. One gram of the new compound can absorb 156 milligrams of carbon dioxide. --  A new method to capture carbon dioxide from the air has

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Petrobras, Shell Brasil Launch Carbon Countdown, the Largest Carbon-Stock Inventory Ever Conducted in the Country

(Petrobras/Biobased Diesel Daily) Petrobras and Shell Brasil launched in December the Carbon Countdown, the largest project ever undertaken to measure—in a standardized way and on a national scale—the carbon stocks above and below ground in all terrestrial biomes of the country. The companies’ mutual interest in the decarbonization trajectory is complemented by the

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Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude lignin oil (CLO) crude oil Cruise Ships Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi Customs and Border Protection cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping dual-fuel/flex fuel ships Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas (SNG)) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E10M90 ethanol/methanol E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E32 E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental attributes environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia Eswatini/Swaziland ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOAK (First of a Kind) FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHGP) Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h hairy vetch Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (HEFA-SKA) Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISB10 isobutanol ISB15 isobutanol ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State legumes lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime linseed Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill lupin Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps 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microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Energy Council National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American Indian/First Nation Tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas pipelines natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions NEN 7427-1 neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast Northern Australia northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oilcane Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production on-site methanol production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic 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pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photocatalysis/photocatalysts photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD15 RD20 RD26 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands Recycled Carbon Fuel (RCF) recycled oil recycled 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rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive 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benefit tax credits tax incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene tomato Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy travel policy Treasury Department trees 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