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President’s Ethanol Speech Lacks Substance

by Cindy Zimmerman (DomesticFuel.com)  Ethanol producers and corn farmers who were hoping for President Obama to make a strong show of support for the ethanol industry when he appeared at a POET plant in Missouri on Wednesday were probably a

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POET Announces Plans for 3.5 Billion Gallons of Cellulosic Ethanol in 2022

(POET)  Technology ready, CEO says, but loan guarantee, policy stability and market access still needed to achieve vision. POET plans to have a hand in producing 3.5 billion gallons of cellulosic ethanol per year by 2022, POET CEO Jeff Broin said

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US Farm State Senators Offer Bill to Extend Ethanol Tax Credit

Nick Snow (Oil and Gas Journal)  US senators from agricultural states introduced legislation on Apr. 20 that would extend the federal ethanol tax credit through 2015. Failure to do so would cost 112,000 jobs nationwide and reduce domestic fuel ethanol

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Grilling with Ethanol

by Cindy Zimmerman (DomesticFuel)  Grilling enthusiasts will find a new product that uses ethanol as an alternative to charcoal or propane on the shelves of many grocery and hardware stores this summer. The FlameDisk® actually utilizes proprietary solidified ethanol and is

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S. Korea's EN3 Green Energy to Produce Bio-Ethanol

(TradingMarkets.com)  South Korea's EN3 Green Energy Co. Ltd plans to produce bio-ethanol using cassava root as the basic material in South Sulawesi. EN3 already have three factories in Gowa and Takalar in that province producing cassava chips and tapioca flour exported

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Pulstar and E-Fuel Announce Pulse Plugs for Ethanol

(e-releases)  High-power sparkplug promises to improve combustion efficiency in ethanol-fueled vehicles with fuel provided by E-Fuel equipment. Ignition products company ENERPULSE, Inc. announced that their proprietary Pulstar(R)  pulse plugs have been adopted by E-Fuel of Los Gatos, California. The Pulstar plugs

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Circling the Wagons, the Firing Squads and the Arguments: Ethanol Wars Explode in Print, TV

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...The ethanol cold war developed into a hot one this week when television and print advertising campaigns debuted both from Brazil’s UNICA and the US-based Growth Energy. ...The Growth Energy campaign is featuring six television spots

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Brazilian Sugarcane Ethanol Launches Marketing Blitz in Face of U.S. Tariffs

by Nick Chambers  (Gas2.0)   Calling themselves the “underdogs,” the Brazilian Sugarcane Industry Association (UNICA) has today launched an advertising campaign and a new website, sweeteralternative.com, to bring awareness of the successes of the Brazilian ethanol industry to a U.S. audience. The

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Biofuels; More Than Fulfilling Early Promises.

(Gerson Lehman Group)  Needless to say, as the ethanol industry continues to grow, the level of opposition continues to increase and the battle has become much more visible.   Historically anti-ethanol rhetoric has originated from the American Petroleum Association (API) and associated “Big oil” companies but

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E20 Fuel Reduces Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbon Emissions in Automobiles, Has No Measurable Impact on Drivability or Maintenance

A new study by the Center for Integrated Manufacturing Studies at Rochester Institute of Technology indicates that the use of E20 fuel, which blends 20 percent ethanol with gasoline, reduces the tail pipe emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, compared

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Company Promotes In-Field Production of “Sorganol”

by Cindy Zimmerman (DomesticFuel.com)  An Iowa inventor and entrepreneur is promoting a harvester he developed that can produce ethanol from sweet sorghum right in the field. Lee McClune of Knoxville, Iowa invented the SORGANOL® Process (PatPend) and Sor-Cane Harvester after studying

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South Dakota Advocate: Use Ethanol to Save Your Kids' Lives

by Mikkel Pates (AgWeek)  For Orrie Swayze, all roads eventually lead to ethanol. They have for a long time. As the still-young ethanol fuel industry returns to profitability in the wake of the financial crisis in the industry two years ago, this

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Global Ethanol Production to Reach 85.9 Billion Litres in 2010: Global Renewable Fuels Alliance Releases 2010 Biofuels Production Forecast

The Global Renewable Fuels Alliance (GRFA) March 21, 2010, released its 2010 production forecast for ethanol and the future continues to look positive for growth in the industry. Total fuel ethanol production for 2009 was 73.9 billion litres according to data assembled by

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Trash Plant Plan Moves Forward

by Gerry Tuoti (Tauton Daily Gazette)  Mayor Charles Crowley is enthused by the feedback he’s received from the state about Taunton’s plans to create a new trash processing facility that will use trash to produce ethanol and other industrial materials. ...

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EU Report Signals U-Turn on Biofuels Target

(Reuters) ...The European Union appears to be backtracking on its biofuels policy with a new study showing that more than 5.6 percent of biofuel in road fuels can damage the environment. EU leaders agreed in 2008 that 10 percent of transport

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Ethanol Project Fuels Teen's Career Choices

by Carol Comegno (CourierPostOnline.com) ...Organic chemistry instructor Terrence Sherlock of Burlington County College wanted to find out if the additive level was the same in commercial grades of gasoline from different retailers and if a new testing method could be

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Biofuels Association of Zambia Urges Govt to Set up Biofuels Fund

by Mutale Kapekele (The Post Online)  The government should set up a biofuels fund, Biofuels Association of Zambia (BAZ) chairperson Professor Thomson Sinkala has advised. ...“Biofuels is a turnkey industry for Zambia. We must go beyond potential and turn the

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Firm to Build Bio-Fuel Refineries in 16 Local Councils in Ekiti

(The Punch, Nigeria)  A green energy company, Crownek, has said that it will construct mini biofuel refineries in all the 16 local government areas in the state.  ...”Alabi, who made the promise during a visit the Governor’s Office in Ado

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Brazilian Sugarcane Ethanol to Power IZOD IndyCar Series in 2010

Brazilian sugarcane industry association UNICA announced this afternoon it has renewed its fuel supply agreement for the second year with the Indy Racing League (IRL) for the majority of the 2010 IZOD IndyCar Series season.      UNICA became the official fuel

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Steven Cole Smith: Keep Ethanol in the Fuel Mix, GM Exec Says

(Orlando Sentinel)  ...(Tom) Stephens, who was in Orlando last week to speak at the National Ethanol Conference, is vice chairman of global product operations for General Motors. He knows as well as anybody that our gasoline supply won't last forever,

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Cosan Reviewed

by Brendan Coffey (Cabot Wealth Advisory)  Lately, we're seeing increasing strength in the shares of ethanol-related companies. Commodity broker Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) has built up its position as an ethanol refiner, building its own plants and buying up other

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Government Earns 400% ROI on Ethanol Blender’s Credit

by Mark (Corn Commentary)  ...The next issue can already be seen on the horizon and it can be seen clearly because it is not a “new” criticism. It is called the Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit (VEETC). This is the

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Growth Energy Responds to Cornell Paper

In response to a paper published by two Cornell University professors – a paper that is critical of the Environmental Protection Agency’s calculations that grain ethanol emits far fewer greenhouse gas emissions than conventional gasoline – Growth Energy released the

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EPA Greenhouse Gas Accounting Is Flawed and Inaccurate, Cornell Experts Say

A recent EPA announcement that corn-based ethanol achieves a 21 percent greenhouse gas reduction compared to gasoline is based on false accounting assumptions and could actually lead to more fossil fuel consumption, according to Cornell University economists whose research will

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Vilsack: Administration Wants to Expand Biofuels

(DTN Ethanol Center)  President Barack Obama will continue championing biofuels as a job creator, said Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack when he spoke to members of the Governors' Biofuels Coalition on Monday. Vilsack is hopeful for a positive decision on

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 "Changes in Gasoline IV" Features New Chapter on Flex-Fuel Vehicles

"Changes in Gasoline IV” is the 2009 edition of the ongoing series of “Changes in Gasoline” manuals. The first manual, “Changes in Gasoline & the Automobile Service Technician,” was originally published in 1987. Numerous editions of the manual have been

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Renewable Fuels Association Publishes 2010 Ethanol Industry Outlook

Our industry produced a record 10.6 billion gallons of ethanol in 2009. Efficiency enhancements and innovations in production combined with improved farming techniques allowed us to achieve this record with existing corn acreage and reduced process water.   As we look to

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Experts Push for Farm Change

“Our current industrial model of agriculture is only possible because of cheap fossil fuels,” said Francis Thicke, a candidate for Iowa secretary of Agriculture. “We’re nearing the end of our cheap fossil-fuel era.” Laura Krouse, the owner of Abbe Hills Farm,

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Corn and Fuel Groups Weigh In on Ethanol

(New York Times) letters to editor Re “Sensible Rules for Ethanol” (editorial, Feb. 11):     While American corn farmers are pleased the Environmental Protection Agency recognizes that corn ethanol offers significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions compared with gasoline, we disagree strongly

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Is Ethanol from Corn Bad for the Climate? The Obama Administration Says No, California Says Yes. Who Is Right?

by Douglas Fischer (Scientific American)  The Obama administration last week gave the green light to corn ethanol as a low-carbon renewable fuel – in apparent contradiction to California's declaration last summer that the biofuel's carbon footprint was too big to

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U.S. Renewable Fuel Standards Upend Ethanol Tariff Fight

by Brian Baskin (SugarcaneBlog.com, Dow Jones)   U.S. ethanol producers are facing their toughest fight yet to keep long-standing trade protections intact. Producers of ethanol, which in the U.S. is usually distilled from corn and then blended to make gasoline, have

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US Ethanol Industry Looks To Possible Future As Exporter

by Ian Berry (Dow Jones Newswires)  ...Brazil, faced with tightening supplies of its sugarcane-based ethanol as growers there find better profits in sugar, said last month it is considering importing U.S., corn-based ethanol. While there are limits on how much

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Southland Panel Rejects Funds for Ethanol Fueling Stations

by Catherine Saillant (Los Angeles Times)   Members of the Southern California Assn. of Governments reject $11 million in federal stimulus money to set up 55 stations throughout the Southland. They say ethanol causes environmental problems.  A regional panel Thursday turned

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Pennsylvania Ethanol Plant Now Producing

by Holly Jessen (Ethanol Producer Magazine)   Bionol Clearfield LLC, a 110 MMgy ethanol plant in Clearfield, Pa., is up and running, according to Roger Schmidt, general manager. The plant was undergoing performance testing on Feb. 8. “We are at or

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Corn Ethanol is a Homegrown Way to Solve Our Energy Problems

by Katie Zenk (MNDaily.com) letter to the editor    Over break, I had the chance to think about the recent Minnesota Daily editorial attacking corn ethanol. My hometown is Olivia, Minn., billed “The Corn Capital of the World.” Of the roughly

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Government Paper Waste Fuels Truck in DC

by Joanna Schroeder (DomesticFuel.com)  The Washington Auto Show is in full swing and for the first time ever, a car is being fueled on government paper waste. The two companies behind this feat are Novozymes and Fiberight. Novozymes has been

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US Ethanol Imports Could Temper Rising Prices - Analyst - Brazil

by João Carvalho (Business News Americas)  Imported corn-based ethanol from the US could help ease ethanol prices in Brazil that have been rising because of increasing demand and heavy rains that have delayed the sugarcane harvest, Julio Maria Borges, a director

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Iran and Brazil to Join for Ethanol Production

(BlackSeaGrain)  According to the Iranian Fars Newsagency, Mr (Deputy Brazilian Science and Technology Minister Czar)  Gadella said that Brazil is ready to cooperate with Iran in fields of technology and production to help the country produce ethanol from sugar cane

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Ethanol Industry to Ask for Iowa Mandate of 10% Blend

(DesMoines Register)  The Iowa ethanol industry plans to ask the legislature to pass a bill requiring that all motor gasoline in the state carry at least 10 percent ethanol.   Despite being the largest ethanol producer in the U.S., Iowa has

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New Brazilian Laboratory Will Develop Research on Ethanol Cycle

The new research center, Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology National Laboratory, in Campinas, São Paulo State represents a strategic move by the Brazilian Government toward strengthening the country’s leadership in sustainable production of ethanol from sugar cane and fostering innovation

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Keyes Ethanol Plant to Reopen in Spring

by John Holland   (Modesto Bee)  ...The Keyes plant, the only ethanol operation in Stanislaus County, has dominated the landscape but produced little fuel since it was finished next to a feed mill on the west side of the highway.  ...

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"Certification Strategies, Industrial Development and a Global Market for Biofuels"

by Ricardo Hausmann and Rodrigo Wagner   (Harvard University Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs)  A disproportionately large amount of the world's agronomic potential for the production of bio-ethanol is concentrated in a subset of developing countries. This phenomenon represents

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Fuel Ethanol Margins: 2009 Update

(Cattlenetwork.com)   The November 26, 2008, edition of This Week In Petroleum looked at profit margins for the dry mill fuel ethanol industry, pointing out the boom-and-bust cycles that had occurred. In 2009, ethanol producers’ margins continued to fluctuate...   The price (revenue) component

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DOE Announces $1.6 Million to Expand Ethanol Fueling Infrastructure

(US Department of Energy)Secretary Steven Chu also announced the selection of eight infrastructure projects to receive up to $1.6 million to support expanded fueling infrastructure for ethanol blends.  The projects will expand ethanol blends infrastructure at existing retail fueling locations in nine

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Missouri Corn Receives Federal Grant To Establish Ethanol Corridors

With the goal of providing drivers with more choices at the pump, the Missouri Corn Merchandising Council (MCMC) has been awarded a $200,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to expand the number of ethanol stations along major

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Secretary Chu Announces Nearly $80 Million Investment for Advanced Biofuels Research and Fueling Infrastructure

U.S. Department of Energy Secretary Steven Chu today announced the investment of nearly $80 million under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act for advanced biofuels research and fueling infrastructure that will help support the development of a clean sustainable transportation

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Groups Want More Tests on Higher-Ethanol U.S. Fuel

by Tom Doggett  (Reuters)   The agency already said it was waiting until this summer, so it can review test data on how a higher ethanol-gasoline ratio would affect engines.   ... Initial tests showed vehicles built after 2001 would likely be

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China's 1st Non-Grain Ethanol Project Goes into Operation

(China Knowledge)  China National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Corp or COFCO Group, China's largest food processing, manufacturer and trader, put China's first non-grain ethanol project into operation in Beihai, Guangxi Province at the end of last year, sources reported. Ethanol

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Ethanol Subsidies are $82 per Barrel of Replaced Gasoline, Says Incendiary Baker Institute Report

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Texas, a report from the Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy concluded that “based on the latest available US GAO data, which is for the year 2008, the US government spent $4 billion

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Fundamentals of a Sustainable US Biofuels Policy

Pedro Alvarez, et al.  (James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy)  The United States is investing billions of dollars each year in subsidies and tax breaks to domestic ethanol producers in the hope that biofuels will become a major

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The Energetics of Ethanol: An Introduction and Link to Studies

(New Rules Project)  Does it take more energy to make ethanol than is contained in ethanol?  That question continues to haunt the ethanol industry even after nearly 30 years of expanding production.  Over the years more than 20 scientific studies

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Biorefinery Demonstration Plant Planned for Upson County, Georgia

Governor Sonny Perdue announced that Thomaston in Upson County will be home to a new biorefinery demonstration plant, the result of a partnership between Diamond Alternative Energy, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Valero Energy Corporation, and American Process, Inc. (API). The

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Ethanol Groups Sue California Over Low-Carbon Rule

by Stephen Power  (Wall Street Journal)  Two groups representing ethanol producers asked a federal court on Thursday to strike down a California rule that calls for a reduction in the carbon content of fuels sold in that state, saying the

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Jamaica Seeking to Boost Ethanol Production for Export under CBI

(Caribbean Daily News) The Jamaica government says it will continue to develop the biofuels industry so as to boost exports under the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI). Jamaica, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Trinidad and Tobago and the US Virgin Islands are

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Sugar Ethanol in Florida: Economic, Agricultural, and Environmental Aspects

by Joshua F.  Berger Ethanol production has been widely perceived as a solution to the global energy crisis, with the added benefit of reinvigorating declining agricultural economies. Moves towards dedicating crop production to ethanol however have raised a number of concerns

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Renewable Fuels Association Claims Underwriters Laboratories Uses Inappropriate Testing Fuel

 From a letter to Underwriters Laboratories from Renewable Fuels Association:  I am writing to express the Renewable Fuels Association’s (RFA) position that Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) has selected an inappropriate test fuel to emulate fuel grade ethanol in its Subject

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Stanford Researchers: Ethanol Results in Higher Ozone Concentrations than Gasoline

by Louis Bergeron (Stanford University)   Ethanol -- often promoted as a clean-burning, renewable fuel that could help wean the nation from oil -- would likely worsen health problems caused by ozone, compared with gasoline, especially in winter, according to a

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Valero Renewables to Purchase Three Ethanol Plants

Valero Renewable Fuels Company, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Valero Energy Corporation , announced today that it has signed an agreement with ASA Ethanol Holdings, LLC to buy two ethanol plants that had been previously owned by VeraSun Energy

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Pawlenty Touts Ethanol on Trade Mission to South America

by Jon Vomhof (Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal)  ... “Ethanol, I think, is going to be a global commodity in the not too distant future, and as that future unfolds, it’s in everyone’s best interest to have some common standards around

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Blender Pump Tax Fix Supported by 152 Groups

Growth Energy’s request to Congressional tax writers to fix a program intended to promote the installation of fuel pumps that dispense mid- and high-level ethanol blends drew support from a total of 152 organizations – a national coalition that ranged

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US GAO Asked to Study Impact of Higher Ethanol Blend

by Tom Doggett (Reuters)  Two key Republican lawmakers asked the Government Accountability Office on Wednesday to study the impact of boosting the amount of ethanol that is blended into U.S. gasoline supplies. The request was made after the Environmental Protection Agency

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Small-Engine Makers Voice Worry As EPA Weighs New Ethanol Rule

by Mark Long (Wall Street Journal)  Boaters and small-engine-industry groups are worried their concerns about engine damage will be overlooked as the Environmental Protection Agency considers allowing as much as 15% ethanol in the nation's gasoline. Since fuel with an ethanol

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EPA Indicates E15 Blending OK is Likely, But Delays Ruling to Mid-2010

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Washington, the EPA announced that it will delay its determination on E15 ethanol blending until the middle of next year, citing that only 2 of 19 DOE tests are complete at this stage. EPA

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The US Biofuels Industry Must Address Midstream Ethanol Distribution Bottlenecks If It Hopes to Deliver Next-Generation Ethanol in a Cost-Effective Manner.

by Bill Caesar and Thomas Vanhoutte  (McKinsey Quarterly)   ... But in the United States, next-generation ethanol likely won’t get from the bio-refinery to the retail service station pump in a cost-effective manner unless the biofuels industry can address distribution bottlenecks. Midstream

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Why Sustainability Standards for Biofuel Production Make Little Economic Sense

by Harry deGorter and David R. Just (Policy Analysis, Cato Institute) The federal “sustainability standard” requires ethanol to emit at least 20 percent less carbon dioxide (CO2) than gasoline. Recent rulings by California and the Environmental Protection Agency, however, have cast doubt

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Rethinking the Value of Corn Ethanol Co-Products in Lifecycle Assessments

by Dave Vander Griend (Ethanol Across America)  ...As commodity prices have returned closer to norms prior to the dramatic speculation-driven increase, we need to take a deep breath and understand the truth. We are meeting the increase in demand for

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Ethanol Industry Can Stop Using Unnecessary Antibiotics,

The ethanol industry should voluntarily stop the unnecessary use of antibiotics in the production process, particularly because viable alternatives are readily available, concludes a new report by the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP). For decades, ethanol producers have added

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Antibiotics in Ethanol Production By-Product Raising Concerns

 by Jim Langcuster  (Auburn University, Southeast Farm Press)   ...  The distillation process requires a combination of enzymes and yeast to convert corn into ethanol. Sometimes, though, bacterial organisms present during distillation can out-compete yeast in the breakdown of this sugar.  "This

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Industrial Biotechnology in China Amidst Changing Market Conditions

by Elizabeth Nesbitt (Journal of International Commerce and Economics)  The increasing use of industrial biotechnology by the Chinese liquid biofuels and chemical industries is expected to help offset energy security and environmental concerns generated by China’s robust economic growth. The expanding use of bioprocesses

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International GeneSyst Converts Municipal Waste to Ethanol

GeneSyst upgraded the weak acid hydrolysis process to convert biomass from municipal waste to fuel ethanol by making it a 'continuous (flow) process ' using the patented Gravity Pressure Vessel instead of the former 'pump and pressure' tanks (batch).  READ

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Using Plants to Turn Solar Energy Into Useful Products: Framing the Biofuels Debate at the Proper Point on the Technology Curve

 …It is difficult to argue with scientific measurements and peer review when they are discussing the first generation technologies, with little relevance of the overall shift towards renewables and greentech that is making all industry more energy efficient, improving water

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George Washington Carver and Henry Ford Shared a Bio-fuel (Ethanol) Vision

(The Auto Channel) Though worlds apart, George Washington Carver and Henry Ford shared a vision of a future in which agricultural products would be put to new uses to create products and industries. One idea both men worked on more than

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'Sweet' Biofuels Research Goes Down On The Farm

(Science Daily)  Oklahoma State University’s sorghum-related biofuels research is taking a localized approach, with the aim of making possible the effective production of ethanol in the farmer’s own field. Sweet sorghum can be grown throughout temperate climate zones of the United

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Syngenta Introduces Tropical Sugar Beet for Food and Biofuels

Syngenta has introduced sugar beet in India for cultivation in tropical climatic conditions. Tropical sugar beet brings significant agronomic, environmental and output advantages to Indian farming and the Indian economy. The beet delivers similar output yields to sugar cane and

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An Apple a Day Keeps the Gas Pump Away

by Jeremy Elton (Treehugger)   A team of scientists led by James Dumesic at the University of Wisconsin-Madison has discovered a way (subscription needed) to turn the sugar commonly found in fruits like apples and oranges into a biofuel with 40%

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A Research Roadmap for Making Lignocellulosic Biofuels A Practical Reality: Breaking the Chemical and Engineering Barriers to Lignocellulosic Biofuels: Next Generation Hydrocarbon Biorefineries

Based on the June 25-26, 2007 Workshop in Washington, DC, with Dr. George Hubner, University of Massachusetts--Amherst, Workshop Chair View the PDF

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Mediterranean Energy and Ecology Center Announces New Biomass Hydrolysis Process Test Results

BIOPOLYGEN Group of the MEEC, Israel, reports a successful completion of the first phase of its new biomass hydrolysis process tests and announces the plans to construct and demonstrate a small-scale pilot biorefinery for co-production of second generation ethanol, organic-mineral

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Citrus Peel Waste a Potential Source of Ethanol

Thanks to recent hikes in gasoline prices, there is a renewed interest in finding a cheaper way to fill up the gas tank. Researchers at the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Citrus and Subtropical Products Laboratory in Winter Haven, Fla. have

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How to Beat the High Cost of Gasoline. Forever!

by Adam Lashinsky and Nelson D. Schwartz (CNN Money/Fortune Magazine) You probably don't know it, but the answer to America's gasoline addiction could be under the hood of your car. More than five million Tauruses, Explorers, Stratuses, Suburbans, and other vehicles

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British Columbia broker brown grease brownfields Brunei Btu's BTX (Benzene Toluene Xylene) Bu12.5 Bu16 Budget building block chemicals Bulgaria bunker bunker oil Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Burkina Faso Burma Burundi buses Business and Industry Program (B&I) business law business resources Business/General Aviation butadiene butandeiol (bio-BDO) Butane butanediol butanol emissions butanol/biobutanol butyl acetate butylene butyric acid by c C1 C2 C21 C3 sugar C5 sugar C6 sugar Cabo Verde cactus cactus pear cagaita calibration California California Air Resources Board (CARB) Calophyllum hawthorn Cambodia Camelina camels Cameroon Canad Canada Canary Islands canary reed grass canarygrass candle nut cannabis canola straw Canola/Rapeseed cap-and-invest cap-and-trade capybara capybras carbohydrates carbon carbon capture and storage (CCS) carbon capture and utilization (CCU) carbon cost carbon credit carbon credit markets carbon cycle carbon debt Carbon Dioxide (CO2) carbon efficiency carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Heat Standards Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services 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drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric 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Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance 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feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for 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price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content 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price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation 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