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The Green Hydrogen Catapult Aims for $2/kg H2 and Needs $110 Billion, If You’ve Any to Spare

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) From Europe comes news that major hydrogen project developers including ACWA Power, CWP Renewables, Envision, Iberdrola, Ørsted, Snam, and Yara have joined hands to scale-up green hydrogen production 50-fold in 6 years in a bid to

December 10, 2020 Read Full Article

Enerkem, Shell, Suncor, Proman’s New $669 Million Biofuels Baby

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Quebec, Enerkem, Shell, Suncor and Proman have proposed the construction of an $669 million biofuel plant in Varennes, Québec, in partnership with the Québec and Canadian governments. The project would use more than 200,000 tonnes

December 09, 2020 Read Full Article

Porsche and Siemens Energy, with Partners, Advance Climate-Neutral eFuels Development

(Porsche)  Porsche, Siemens Energy and a lineup of international companies are developing and implementing a pilot project in Chile that is expected to yield the world’s first integrated, commercial, industrial-scale plant for making synthetic climate-neutral fuels (eFuels). In the pilot phase,

December 03, 2020 Read Full Article

Mixed Renewable Gas Unit: Galician Project Will Now Investigate Creation of Green Hydrogen and Synthetic Gas

(Edar Bens / Naturgy / EnergyLab / NGV Journal) The research project Mixed Renewable Gas Unit, funded by the Galician Innovation Agency (GAIN) and developed by Naturgy, EnergyLab and Edar Bens, continues its R&D&I work after receiving additional funding for its

December 02, 2020 Read Full Article

Decarbonizing Shipping and Transportation: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to BioLNG

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  There are concrete benefits of using BioLNG to decarbonize hard to abate transport sectors like heavy-duty transport and shipping, according to the latest European Biogas Association, Gas Infrastructure Europe, the Natural & Bio Gas Vehicle

December 02, 2020 Read Full Article

MHI to Invest in Green Hydrogen & Green Ammonia in South Australia

(Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd./Electric Energy Online) To Deliver Project Engineering, Hydrogen Gas Turbines and Compressors to Decarbonize Local Industries, Targeting Green Hydrogen and Ammonia Exports to Japan and Other Countries Going Forward  -- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) has agreed to

November 27, 2020 Read Full Article

How to Build a Green Hydrogen Economy for the US West

by Jeff St. John (GreenTechMedia)  The Intermountain and ACES projects may be the start of a regionwide green hydrogen generation and transmission network.  -- Out in Utah, a coal-fired power plant supplying electricity to Los Angeles is being outfitted with natural-gas-fired

November 19, 2020 Read Full Article

Green Hydrogen Project Combining Tidal Power and Battery Tech Aims for Continuous Production

by Anmar Frangoul (CNBC)  Hydrogen has a diverse range of applications and can be deployed in a range of sectors, including industry and transport. Green hydrogen is produced using renewable sources such as wind, solar and tidal power.  -- A project

November 12, 2020 Read Full Article

Orsted and BP Look to Develop Major Renewable Hydrogen Project in Germany

by Anmar Frangoul (CNBC)  The last few years have seen a number of projects connected to green hydrogen take shape. BP and Orsted sign letter of intent to collaborate project at a refinery in Germany. -- Orsted and BP are to work together on

November 12, 2020 Read Full Article

DOE Launches Two Consortia to Advance Hydrogen Technology

by Michael Bates (NGT News) The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has officially launched the Million Mile Fuel Cell Truck (­M2FCT) and the H2NEW consortia to advance fuel cell truck and hydrogen production R&D.  The announcement builds upon DOE’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

October 13, 2020 Read Full Article

Article in Science: Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Technology to Unlock the Full Potential of Renewable Power

by Aleksandra Wójcik (Haldor Topsoe)  An article in the esteemed Science magazine suggests that solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) technology can unlock the full potential of renewable power and provide climate-friendly fuels. SOEC is a core technology in power-to-X solutions

October 12, 2020 Read Full Article

Haldor Topsoe Joins Ambitious Sustainable Fuel Project in Denmark

by Svend Ravn  (Haldor Topsoe)  - The project aims to develop a ground-breaking hydrogen and sustainable fuel facility based on electrolysis in the Greater Copenhagen Area.  -The project is expected to be executed by 2030 in three stages, achieving the capacity

August 31, 2020 Read Full Article

Little German Island Goes Gig with Plans for 10GW Offshore Wind to Hydrogen Hub

(EnergyMarketPrice)  The AquaVentus initiative centred around Heligoland plans to produce green hydrogen at sea from offshore wind and transport it to land via dedicated pipelines The remote German North Sea island of Heligoland has the ambition to become the centre of

August 17, 2020 Read Full Article

Can We Get to Space without Damaging the Earth through Huge Carbon Emissions?

by David Verbeek and Helene Fouquet (Bloomberg/Los Angeles Times)  When a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket blasts off on a plume of white smoke, hot gases shoot out of its 27 engines, creating a thrust equal to 18 Boeing 747 aircraft. Upon reaching

August 13, 2020 Read Full Article

German Federal Ministry of Energy Funds Renewable Hydrogen Project

(NGV Journal/Ørsted) The partners of the WESTKÜSTE 100 project received funding confirmation from the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy as the first large-scale hydrogen project in Germany within the Reallabor (real-world laboratory) framework. Energy-intensive industries and the

August 08, 2020 Read Full Article

Island of Tenerife Plans to Become a Renewable Hydrogen Hub for Mobility

(SEAFUEL/NGV Journal) The Port Authority of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Hyundai Canarias and Enagás have joined as partners to the SEAFUEL project, which aims to make Tenerife the first Spanish island to host a facility for the generation of sustainable hydrogen

August 05, 2020 Read Full Article

New Catalyst for Creating Syngas from Waste CO2

by Amanda Doyle (The Chemical Engineer) A  catalyst produced via flame spray pyrolysis can be used to turn waste CO2 into syngas for use in fuels and feedstocks.  The catalyst has been developed by a team at UNSW Sydney using flame spray

July 29, 2020 Read Full Article

Air Transat Inks Agreement to Purchase Sustainable Aviation Fuel from Canadian Power-to-Liquid Start-up

(GreenAir Online)  Leisure carrier Air Transat has signed an offtake agreement, claimed to be the first in Canada, to purchase a significant portion of synthetic jet fuel from future production by the SAF+ Consortium. The power-to-liquid (PtL) fuel will be derived

July 28, 2020 Read Full Article

Green Hydrogen Costs Could Fall by 30% by 2025 - IHS Markit

(Renewables Now) The production costs for green hydrogen, already down by 50% since 2015, are expected to fall by an additional 30% by 2025, according to IHS Markit. The main drivers will be economies of scale and more standardised manufacturing, says

July 16, 2020 Read Full Article

E-Fuels Can Replace Fossil Fuels

by Ib Chorkendorff (Technical University of Denmark)  The aircraft, ships, and lorries of the future must be powered by e-fuels—fuels produced partly from captured CO2—and partly from hydrogen produced by the splitting of water. ... According to the physics professor’s vision,

July 16, 2020 Read Full Article

More Biofuel from Same Amount of Biomass

by Peter Vang Hendriksen (Technical University of Denmark) It is possible to produce much more biofuel from the same amount of biomass by combining electrolysis with biomass gasification.  --  In the Synfuel project, the researchers have succeeded in combining two known technologies

July 16, 2020 Read Full Article

So, What Exactly Is Green Hydrogen?

by Jason Deign (GreenTechMedia) ... According to the nomenclature used by market research firm Wood Mackenzie, most of the gas that is already widely used as an industrial chemical is either brown, if it's made through the gasification of coal or

July 02, 2020 Read Full Article

DOE to Invest in Advancement of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell R&D DEADLINE July 31, 2020

by Michael Bates (NGT News)  The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has revealed its intention to invest up to $100 million over five years in two new DOE National Laboratory-led consortia to advance hydrogen and fuel cell technologies research and development (R&D).

June 30, 2020 Read Full Article

Norsk e-Fuel Planning Europe’s First Commercial H2-Based Renewable Aviation Fuel Facility in Norway

(Norak e-Fuel) Norsk e-Fuel is planning Europe’s first commercial plant for hydrogen-based renewable aviation fuel in Norway Leading industry consortium joins forces to make unlimited renewable fuel a reality to achieve climate-neutral transportation Norsk e-fuel is generating renewable fuels from

June 11, 2020 Read Full Article

Nuclear Hydrogen Production’s Potential: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Part 2 of 3 Hot Hydrogen Multi-Slide Guides

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Part 2 of today’s Hot Hydrogen slide guides, Exelon shares this illuminating presentation that digs deep into their project to evaluate technical and economic feasibility of integrated nuclear-renewable-hydrogen plant operation, assess hydrogen market in region

June 11, 2020 Read Full Article

Equinor Launching Maritime Climate Ambitions

(Equinor)  On the UN’s World Oceans Day, Equinor is launching its ambitions for reducing own emissions from ships and how the company will contribute to decarbonising shipping. Equinor’s maritime climate ambitions are embedded in the company’s climate roadmap launched on 6

June 09, 2020 Read Full Article

Key Hydrogen Projects, Players and Tech: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to The Digest’s Top 10 Hydrogen Horizons

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) How will we develop hydrogen for industrial and transport objectives? That is the question The Digest’s Jim Lane looks at in this visual slide guide highlighting the demand potential, background on renewable gases and renewable hydrogen,

June 09, 2020 Read Full Article

Leading Danish Companies Join Forces on an Ambitious Sustainable Fuel Project

(Ørsted)  Copenhagen Airports, A.P. Moller - Maersk, DSV Panalpina, DFDS, SAS and Ørsted have formed the first partnership of its kind to develop an industrial-scale production facility to produce sustainable fuels for road, maritime and air transport in the Copenhagen

May 28, 2020 Read Full Article

Millions in Australian Government Funding for Renewable Methane, Hydrogen, Solar Hydropower Projects

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) From the land down under arrives news of millions pouring in for renewable energy – $1.1 million (about $700K USD) funding pouring into renewable methane, $3 million (nearly $2 million USD) for building a world-first

May 18, 2020 Read Full Article

Making Commodity Chemicals Requires Fossil Fuels. New Devices Could Do It with Renewables

by Robert F. Service (Science Magazine) As windmills and solar panels multiply, the supply of renewable electricity sometimes exceeds demand. Chemists would like to put the excess to work making commodity chemicals, such as the raw materials for fertilizer and plastics,

May 11, 2020 Read Full Article

Fraunhofer IFF Researchers Design Green Hydrogen Factory

by Matthew Mercure (NGT News) Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF (Fraunhofer IFF) have designed a factory for the distributed and modular production and distribution of green hydrogen. While hydrogen provides an eco-friendly option to meet industry demand for

April 14, 2020 Read Full Article

Water Splitting Advance Holds Promise for Affordable Renewable Energy

(Science Daily/Washington State University)  A team has developed a less expensive water electrolysis system that works under alkaline conditions but still produces hydrogen at comparable rates to the currently used system that works under acidic conditions and requires precious metals.

April 03, 2020 Read Full Article

The Climate Case for Hydrogen

by Doug Vine (Center for Climate and Energy Solutions) ...Generally, economywide decarbonization can be achieved through large-scale deployment of energy efficiency, transforming to net-zero electricity production, and electrifying end-use consumption wherever plausible. However, low-carbon fuels (e.g., renewable natural gas, biofuels,

April 02, 2020 Read Full Article

Methanol as Fuel, Chemical Feedstock and Liquid Hydrogen Carrier: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Methanol as Fuel and Feedstock

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Methanol is versatile – it can be used as turbine fuel, cooking fuel, and as a fuel for solid oxide fuel cells. But G.K.Surya Prakash from University of Southern California shares in this illuminating presentation other

March 13, 2020 Read Full Article

EU to Set up ‘Clean Hydrogen Alliance’ to Speed up Tech Development

by Colm Gorey (SiliconRepublic) Among a number of new initiatives, the EU has set up a ‘clean hydrogen alliance’ to accelerate the adoption of the energy technology. The European Commission (EC) has launched a new strategy to aid the efforts of Europe’s industry to

March 11, 2020 Read Full Article

'Green Hydrogen’ Project Planned in Oman

(Trade Arabia) Plans to set up a large-scale ‘green hydrogen’ project in the Duqm Special Economic Zone (SEZ) has been unveiled, according to a report. The main promoter of the project is DEME Group, a Belgiium-headquartered conglomerate with international interests in dredging

March 11, 2020 Read Full Article

Neste Invests in Sunfire, Leading Technology Developer of High-Temperature Electrolysis and Power-to-X Solutions

(Neste) Neste, the world’s leading provider of renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel, and an expert in delivering drop-in renewable chemical solutions, has acquired a minority stake in the German cleantech company Sunfire GmbH. Sunfire is a leading developer of high-temperature electrolysis

March 09, 2020 Read Full Article

A Novel Biofuel System for Hydrogen Production from Biomass

(Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology/Phys.Org) A novel technology has been developed for hydrogen production from the process, which involves electron that is produced during the decomposition of biomass such as waste wood. The result produced after biomass decomposition is

March 02, 2020 Read Full Article

Aerospace Company Boom Supersonic to Use Sustainable Aviation Fuels in Test Programme

(Biofuels International)  The company building the world’s fastest supersonic airliner, Boom Supersonic, has announced that is XB-1 test programme will be carbon neutral through the use of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) and carbon offsetting. Boom is the first commercial airplane

February 27, 2020 Read Full Article

The Scale of Investment Needed to Decarbonize International Shipping

by Randall Krantz, Kasper Søgaard, Dr Tristan Smith (Global Maritime Forum)  To make the decarbonization of the maritime shipping sector successful, the coming three decades will need to see a fundamental shift towards zero carbon energy sources. This implies a

February 20, 2020 Read Full Article

Colorado Legislators Take up Proposal for Renewable Natural Gas Standard

by Allen Best (Energy News) The bill would require large natural gas utilities to source some of their supply from dairies, landfills and other sources. -- Colorado would require natural gas utilities to integrate renewable energy under a far-reaching bill introduced

February 19, 2020 Read Full Article

LADWP Helps Launch New Organization to Focus on Green Hydrogen

(Green Hydrogen Coalition) Today (January 21, 2020) marks the official launch of the Green Hydrogen Coalition (GHC), an educational non-profit dedicated to facilitating policies and practices to advance green hydrogen production and use in all sectors where it will accelerate

February 03, 2020 Read Full Article

South Korea Finalizes Energy Technology Development Plan for Next 10 Years

(Business Korea)  South Korea’s Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) announced on Dec. 23 that it has finalized “The 4th Energy Technology Development Plan,” which presents its energy technology vision and R&D investment strategy for the next 10 years. ... The

January 03, 2020 Read Full Article

Danish Government Funds Renewable Hydrogen Project for Clean Mobility

(Ørsted)  The Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Program (EUDP), under the Danish Energy Agency, decided to support the H2RES demonstration project in Denmark, using offshore wind power to produce renewable hydrogen for road transport. The industrial partners (Ørsted, Everfuel Europe A/S,

December 28, 2019 Read Full Article

Everfuel, Shell to Collaborate on a Large-Scale Hydrogen Plant in Denmark

(Bioenergy International) In Denmark, hydrogen infrastructure developer Everfuel Denmark A/S and A/S Dansk Shell – the Shell Refinery in Fredericia, and partners have entered into strategic cooperation on the future supply of the transport sector with green energy in the

December 06, 2019 Read Full Article

Hollywood Sends Materials to Anaerobic Digester, Poop to Paper, Hydrogen from Seawater, Kanye’s algae foam kicks, Hellman’s seaweedSsachets, and More: The Digest’s Top 10 Innovations for the Week of November 15th

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Even Hollywood is going green these days with the latest Bond movie sending 30 tons of food and biodegradable materials to anaerobic digester to generate electricity! And elephant poop is getting turned into upscale stationary paper.

November 15, 2019 Read Full Article

GA-EMS to Develop On-Demand Hydrogen Generation Tech for US Army

(Army Technology) General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems (GA-EMS) has received a two-year contract from the US Army to develop a prototype high-pressure hydrogen generation system. The hydrogen generation system will be used by the army for refuelling hydrogen vehicles in the battlefield. The contract

November 13, 2019 Read Full Article

New Catalyst Efficiently Produces Hydrogen from Seawater

by Jeannie Kever (University of Houston)  Holds Promise for Large-Scale Hydrogen Production, Desalination  -- Seawater is one of the most abundant resources on earth, offering promise both as a source of hydrogen – desirable as a source of clean energy –

November 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Cellulose Car, Fermentation for Fragrances, World’s 1st Solar Hydrogen Electrolysis Facility, Green Tea Leather Alternative, Hydrogen from CO2 and More: The Digest’s Top 10 Innovations for the Week of November 7th

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Nature is an amazing thing. But add human brains and technology and you can get some pretty amazing things too – like a renewable insulating foam wetsuit to make your ocean outings even more in tune

November 07, 2019 Read Full Article

A Trailblazer for Green Hydrogen: Expo 2020 Visitors Will Be Able to See the Middle East’s Frst Solar Hydrogen Plant.

by Christopher Findlay (Siemens) ... Seeking to place its energy system and its national economy on a more sustainable footing, the government of Dubai and its state utility DEWA have decided to push ahead with the integration of H2 technology

November 07, 2019 Read Full Article

Enapter Showcases Green Hydrogen and the Future of Energy Storage with a Demonstration at Nongnooch Tropical Garden in Chonburi

(Enapter)  Nongnooch Tropical Botanical Garden, a scientific research center and attraction in Chonburi Province, Thailand, today announced it is displaying hydrogen as an energy storage solution in collaboration with the hydrogen electrolyser manufacturer Enapter. The 600-acre garden aims to demonstrate an

November 06, 2019 Read Full Article

Air Liquide Committed to Producing Renewable Hydrogen for the West Coast Mobility Market with New Liquid Hydrogen Plant

(Air Liquide)  Air Liquide’s biogas technology enables our recent $150M investment to produce and supply renewable liquid hydrogen to the western U.S. mobility markets. Today (October 8, 2019), Air Liquide joins the nation in celebrating National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Day, 

October 30, 2019 Read Full Article

Splitting the Molecule to Power the World: Hydrogen Digest’s Guide to Renewable Hydrogen Sources, Production and Uses

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) As the International Renewable Energy Agency observed of the next decades, “transport and industry will still require combustible fuels for many purposes,” and those “needs could be met with hydrogen, which itself can be produced

October 24, 2019 Read Full Article

The Truth About Hydrogen

by Patrick Molloy and LeeAnn Baronett (Rocky Mountain Institute)  ... There are four major sources for commercial production of hydrogen, three of which require fossil fuels: steam methane reformation (SMR), oxidation, and gasification. The fourth source is electrolysis, which separates water

October 08, 2019 Read Full Article

From Chicken Kiev to ZEV: The Birth of Electro-Active Technologies, and Hydrogen Fuel for Zero Emission Vehicles, the Newfangled Way

by jmlhydrogen (Hydrogen Digest) From Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee comes news that Electro-Active Technologies has exclusively licensed two biorefinery technologies to convert organic waste into renewable hydrogen gas for use as a biofuel. The Technology The system combines biology and electrochemistry

August 22, 2019 Read Full Article

Reducing Energy Required to Convert CO2 Waste into Valuable Resources

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign/Phys.Org) Surplus industrial carbon dioxide creates an opportunity to convert waste into a valuable commodity. Excess CO2 can be a feedstock for chemicals typically derived from fossil fuels, but the process is energy-intensive and expensive. University of

April 26, 2019 Read Full Article

Renewable Energy: Decarbonise, Decentralise and Digitalise

Alan Brent (Victoria University of Wellington's School of Engineering and Computer Science)  ... Where we haven’t reached consensus is what to do with heavy transport and aviation, which our economy (like any other) highly depends on. For KiwiRail to switch from electric

November 16, 2018 Read Full Article

Norway Demonstrates Leadership in Renewable Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Powered Ships

(ACT News)  ... One country that has everyone in the hydrogen industry watching is Norway. The wealthy Nordic country continues to push forward with its ambitious plans for renewable hydrogen production and fuel cell technology for maritime vessels. There is huge

October 05, 2018 Read Full Article

Canadian University and Xebec Embark on Power-to-Renewable Gas Project

(Xebec/McGill University/NGV Journal)  Xebec Adsorption Inc. will co-develop a prototype reactor to produce renewable natural gas using a power-to-gas (P2G) process with McGill University. This process combines electricity generated from renewable sources with CO2 generated from waste. The project is being

October 03, 2018 Read Full Article

Affordable, Green Hydrogen — It Is Here, Near, or Nowhere in Sight (Again)?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  News arrives from Israel’s Technion Institute that they have developed a stable catalyst that can split water at extravagantly low energy-levels – and haven’t ruled out being able to split water with energy levels obtainable from

January 17, 2018 Read Full Article

A Smart, Faster Path to Zero Lifecycle Emission: Advances from the EU in Direct Carbon Capture from Air

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ...  The most scalable solution is liquid fuels that use water, captured CO2 and renewable electricity. ... Thinkers have been coming around to the realization that this might be the most sustainable path, notwithstanding the joys of

August 08, 2017 Read Full Article

Low Cost Cellulosic Sugars, Hydrogen: The Digest’s 2016 Multi-Slide Guide to Electrosep

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Amidst all the discussion this week of deal-making in cellulosic and sugar-based fuels — the likes of Tesoro-Virent and Lufthansa-Gevo — we were intrigued by this slide deck on a pathway to low-cost cellulosic sugars and

September 09, 2016 Read Full Article

Harvesting Hydrogen from Tough Biomass

by Nelly Berg (Chemistry World)  US-based scientists have come up with a sustainable way to harvest hydrogen fuel from biomass. Their new electrolytic approach can even release hydrogen from obstinate molecules like lignin and cellulose. --  In this chemical-electric conversion, a

January 27, 2016 Read Full Article

15 Hot and Novel Low Carbon Fuel Technologies to Watch

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  An effort is underway in the UK to classify, within the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation, “novel low carbon fuels” made by companies such as LanzaTech, Joule, Solar Jet, Velocys, Sunfire, Pyreco and others. -- In the

April 28, 2015 Read Full Article

The Hydrogen Problem

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  A numbers of readers responding to “Biofuels from a raging fireball” (Friday’s Top Story, on research work with the raging fireball, Pyrococchus furiosus, to make biofuels and renewable chemicals from hydrogen gas and CO2) raised

April 02, 2013 Read Full Article
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(CO2) carbon efficiency carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Heat Standards Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/modern/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Congressional Review Act Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi Customs and Border Protection cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping dual-fuel/flex fuel ships Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety 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baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen 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