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EU Plans 2019 Global Carbon Market Meeting to Determine Trading Rules

by  Siobhan Hall (S&P Global Platts)  Spring meeting in Brussels ahead of COP25 in Chile; Wants rules that ensure real emission reductions; EU to meet its 2030 CO2 cut target with own rules  --  The European Commission wants to help broker an accord on

January 24, 2019 Read Full Article

Some of the Biggest Green Groups Have Cold Feet over the “Green New Deal”

by Emily Atkin (The New Republic)  More than 600 organizations signed a letter supporting the ambitious proposal, but eight of the largest ones did not.  --  ... Sent by 626 environmental groups on Thursday, the letter calls on lawmakers to support the idea, popularized by freshman

January 16, 2019 Read Full Article

A Carbon Price Can Benefit the Poor While Reducing Emissions

by Helen Mountford and Molly McGregor (World Resources Institute)  ...  Recent research from the Global Commission on the Economy and Climate finds that bold climate action could deliver at least $26 trillion in economic benefits through 2030. ... On the other side of the

December 27, 2018 Read Full Article

RNG Poised for Midwestern Growth

by Sam Spofforth (Clean Fuels Ohio/ACT News)  The natural gas vehicle (NGV) industry and seasoned fleet users are quite familiar with the growth of renewable natural gas (RNG) in the transportation sector. This growth has been driven by a combination of

December 21, 2018 Read Full Article

Carbon Markets, NGOs and IATA Urge Countries at COP24 Climate Talks to Adopt Robust Rules on Double Counting

(GreenAir Online)  Carbon market representatives, IATA and Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) have urged countries currently meeting at the UNFCCC’s COP24 in Poland to adopt strong rules to avoid double counting on emissions reductions under the Paris Agreement and ICAO’s CORSIA carbon

December 15, 2018 Read Full Article

California Drivers Pay Growing Cost for Climate Program

by David R. Baker (San Francisco Chronicle)  A California program to fight climate change may now add more to the cost of gasoline than the state gas-tax increase that many voters want to repeal. The Low Carbon Fuel Standard, designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions

August 10, 2018 Read Full Article

On the Rise: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to Biogas, Its Markets and Production and Treatment Technologies

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  What’s up with biogas?  The U.S. market has lagged in the development of biogas facilities because of the low cost of electricity, natural gas and vehicle fuels derived from petroleum. The passing of the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS)

August 09, 2018 Read Full Article

Expert Opinion on... CORSIA: The Potential Impact on the SAF Market

by Karlijn Arts (SkyNGR Market Update)  Recently new decisions were made in the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Karlijn Arts, who started at SkyNRG as Policy & Sustainability Manager last

August 08, 2018 Read Full Article

EU Pushes Back against Weakening of Aviation Emissions Deal

by Julia Fioretti (Reuters)  European countries are pushing back against any weakening of the rules underpinning a landmark global agreement to cap airline emissions at 2020 levels, especially those related to the types of aviation biofuels that can be used. France, Norway, Finland,

June 07, 2018 Read Full Article

California May Tweak Climate Program That’s Pushing up Gas Prices

by David R. Baker (Seattle Times)  ... Last week, the California Air Resources Board issued proposed changes that would delay some of the program’s targets, giving fuel providers more time to reach them. Instead of needing to cut the carbon intensity of

March 12, 2018 Read Full Article

California Cars Are Running on Restaurant Grease

by Robert Tuttle (Bloomberg Technology)  Renewable diesel use surges amid low-carbon fuel program; Second-biggest source of low-carbon fuel credits after ethanol   --  California’s battle against climate change is being fought more fiercely in fast food restaurants than in Tesla Inc.’s car factory in Fremont.  Seven

October 25, 2017 Read Full Article

California LCFS Guides Advanced Biofuels Industry

by Heather Zhang (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Carbon credit prices recover and multiple new pathways are certified as the state’s program gets back on track.  --  California’s efforts to reduce carbon emissions from the transport sector are racing to make progress

June 27, 2017 Read Full Article

Updating and Improving the Social Cost of Carbon

(Resources for the Future) The social cost of carbon is an economic tool used to quantify the societal benefits of reducing —or conversely the damages of emitting—one ton of carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. The estimate informs billions of dollars

June 09, 2017 Read Full Article

Canada Ready to Impose Pollution Caps, Fuel Tax on Provinces

By David Ljunggren (Reuters)   Canada said on Thursday it planned to impose a cap on pollution in provinces that refuse to adopt a national price on carbon, setting up a potential fight with the country's powerful energy-rich west. Last December the

May 19, 2017 Read Full Article

Ethanol and Biodiesel: Dropping Below the Production Cost of Fossil Fuels?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... As you can see from the hard data, the production cost for ethanol today is $1.22 per gallon, which translates to $51.24 per barrel. Now, on an energy basis — given that ethanol has 67%

May 19, 2017 Read Full Article

Great Leaf Forward: The Top 10 Trends Driving the Canadian Advanced Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Although the bigger players — China, the US, Brazil and the EU take most of the headlines in the advanced bioeconomy, Canada is definitely “boxing above its weight class” these days, as the saying goes. In

May 02, 2017 Read Full Article

Derisking: A Strategy for Growing the Biobased Economy

by Neil A. Belson (LeafPro Bioproducts/Biofuels Digest)  ... Despite its potential benefits and some very real achievements, the biobased economy has overall progressed more slowly than many had hoped.  There are several reasons for this slow progress.   Technological challenges involved in

October 28, 2016 Read Full Article

U.N. Aviation Emissions Pact to Let States Opt out in First Phase: Sources

by  Allison Lampert and Julia Fioretti (Reuters)  A new global deal on curbing aviation emissions will likely give states the right to opt out of its initial voluntary phases, according to sources familiar with the matter, in a concession to

August 26, 2016 Read Full Article

Bind It or Blend It: Accelerating the Renewable Jet Fuel Market

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  We would like you to consider the proposition that alcohol-to-jet fuels, known as ATJ to the 3-letter acronym enthusiasts, deserve two RINs. and two credits under the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard. For cellulosic jet fuels,

July 21, 2016 Read Full Article

California Ponders Changes to Fuel Rules as Tesla Cries Foul

by John Lippert (Bloomberg) ... The rapid growth of Tesla Motors Inc. and the increasing range of other electric vehicles have the state contemplating new requirements that anger both Tesla and competitors like Honda Motor Co. They say California is changing

July 08, 2016 Read Full Article

Psst! Heard on the Floor at the International Bioenergy Conference

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... The eyes of the world might well be on tiny Prince George, British Columbia these days — because that is the proposed site of Canfor’s commercial-scale biofuels and chemicals project. The success of such a

June 22, 2016 Read Full Article

Point/Counterpoint: Is It Time for Greens To Reassess Their Opposition to Ethanol?

by Senator Timothy Wirth and C. Boyden Gray (Yale Environment 360)  The criticism of ethanol by environmentalists is misguided and just plain wrong. In fact, thanks to improvements in farming techniques, increasing the amount of corn ethanol in U.S. gasoline

May 28, 2016 Read Full Article

Feature: Ethanol Producers Say California 'Carbon Intensity' Scores Still Too High

by Josh Pedrick  (Platts)  Most "legacy" ethanol producers who sell their product in California are unhappy with updated "carbon intensity" scores, saying the application process was inconsistent and left scores too high to meet the state's Low Carbon Fuel Standard. Legacy

May 16, 2016 Read Full Article

NGOs Clash over Eligibility of REDD+ Forestry Credits under ICAO's Proposed Aviation Carbon Offsetting Scheme

(GreenAir Online)  ... UNFCCC launched in 2008 a programme called Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD, later enhanced to REDD+) in developing countries through which a financial value could be created on the value for the carbon stored in

April 22, 2016 Read Full Article

A Model of State and Federal Biofuel Policy: Feasibility Assessment of the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard

by Adam Christensen, Benjamin Hobbs (Science Direct/Applied Energy)  Biofuel policy is under near constant review at both the federal and state level. For example, as part of on-going implementation of the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), the California Air

March 03, 2016 Read Full Article

Meeting the California Low Carbon Challenge

by Susanna Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Eighty-nine ethanol producers west of the Mississippi River prepare for the revised LCFS.  ... After a couple of years in limbo due to challenges to the Low Carbon Fuel Standard, the California carbon credit

February 22, 2016 Read Full Article

Top 10 Bioeconomy and Biofuels Predictions for 2016

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  A mere “The Year in Rewind” as we reach the end of 2015? Not the good ship Digest!  Instead, we dust off our crystal ball and peer into tomorrowland. As the sunset of 2015 gives way

January 04, 2016 Read Full Article

$1M USDA Grant Awarded to The Climate Trust to Build Conservation Investment Fund

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Washington, the Climate Trust received a $1 million Conservation Innovation Grant from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to launch their inaugural investment fund; structured to provide carbon finance to biogas, forestry and

September 28, 2015 Read Full Article

Kyoto Protocol's Carbon Credit Scheme ‘Increased Emissions by 600m Tonnes’

by Arthur Neslen (The Guardian)  Major UNFCCC carbon trading scheme hit by serious corruption allegations involving organised crime in Russia and Ukraine -- A key carbon offsetting scheme was so open to abuse that three quarters of its allowances lacked environmental

August 25, 2015 Read Full Article

Oil Industry Kills California Assembly Bill to Support Biofuel Expansion

by Peter Waldman  (Bloomberg BusinessWeek)  The oil industry did some intellectual gymnastics last week over California’s low-carbon fuel standard, a 2007 mandate that gasoline refiners reduce the carbon intensity of their transportation fuels 10 percent by 2020. After arguing for

June 12, 2014 Read Full Article

Carbon Market Lessons and Global Policy Outlook

by Richard G. Newell, William A. Pizer, Daniel Raimi (Science Magazine)  Prices in the European Union's (EU) Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS) spent 2013 at historic lows. Elected officials have promised to repeal the Australian carbon market. Yet five new regional carbon

March 21, 2014 Read Full Article

Colonialism and the Green Economy: Villagers Defy Pressure to Forfeit Farms for Carbon-Offset

by Daniel C Marotta and Jennifer Coute-Marotta  (Truthout)  All names are fictitious as sources requested anonymity out of fear of retaliation. Anonymity and people's  requests that no pictures be taken were prerequisites for attaining interviews.  No one wanted to go

January 14, 2013 Read Full Article

Carbon Credits Gone Awry: Coolant Companies Raise Output of Harmful Gas

By Elisabeth Rosenthal and Andrew W. Lehren (The New York Times)  ...But where the United Nations envisioned environmental reform, some manufacturers of gases used in air-conditioning and refrigeration saw a lucrative business opportunity. They quickly figured out that they could earn one carbon

August 09, 2012 Read Full Article

KLM Biofuel Flight to Rio Takes off as Innovative Programme Is Launched to Involve Global Corporations in Aviation Biofuels

(GreenAirOnline)  As a KLM Boeing 777-200 was readied for yesterday’s longest-ever commercial biofuel flight from Amsterdam to Rio de Janeiro, KLM and aviation biofuel supplier SkyNRG announced a new programme that will involve global corporations in participating in the development

June 27, 2012 Read Full Article

Soil Erosion Increasing Global Warming Threat: UNEP

by Nina Chestney (Reuters)   Global warming will get worse as agricultural methods accelerate the rate of soil erosion, which depletes the amount of carbon the soil is able to store, a United Nations' Environment Programme report said on Monday. Soil contains

February 20, 2012 Read Full Article

Carbon Dioxide Applications – A Key to Ethanol Project Developments

by Sam A. Rushing (Biofuels Digest)  ...All ethanol ventures should take a fresh look at CO2 as a great opportunity for future revenue developments, probably as a primary reason, would be for CO2 recovery and marketing. The second reason, of

November 28, 2011 Read Full Article

Carbon Corner: A New Commodity Futures Contract with a Carbon Twist

by Dawson Williams (Carbon Advisory Services/Biofuels Digest)  ...It may be not so long in coming considering the volumes of biotech crops and their lower energy footprints.  Should there be a new commodity contract that captures the market value of these

March 07, 2011 Read Full Article

Bahamas Waste Biodiesel Hit by 'Poor' Oil Quality

by Alison Lowe  (The Tribune)  Bahamas Waste's biodiesel production has been delayed after the company discovered used cooking oil donated for conversion was "in far worse shape" than expected. Having expected the first batch of biodiesel to be produced at its $750,000

December 22, 2010 Read Full Article

Carbon Dioxide Recycling in the Biofuels Industry,” a Special Digest report

by Sam A. Rushing (Biofuels Digest)  ...Since CO2 has been shown to be the globe’s worst offender as a greenhouse gas, the very use of this gas in a technology which would foster the production of viable basic chemicals, plastics,

September 14, 2010 Read Full Article

Carbon Mitigation, Carbon Market Opportunities for Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Washington at the Advanced Biofuels Leadership Conference, Rick Gilmore, President/CEO of The GIC Group discussed possible carbon mitigation strategies which the biofuel industry could pursue as U.S. regulations and mandates come online. Of key

May 03, 2010 Read Full Article

UN Seen Backing Biofuels in Carbon Mechanism

(Economic Times, Reuters)  A United Nations panel has approved the inclusion of biofuels in a global scheme to reduce cargon emissions, a move that should boost investments in such projects, a Brazilian government official said on Friday. "The United Nations has

December 09, 2009 Read Full Article
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recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia Eswatini/Swaziland ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOAK (First of a Kind) FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHGP) Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h hairy vetch Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (HEFA-SKA) Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) Immigration and Customs Enforcement import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISB10 isobutanol ISB15 isobutanol ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutanol/bio-isobutanol isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State legumes lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime linseed Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill lupin Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates 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Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate 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orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate oyster shell ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photocatalysis/photocatalysts photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie 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