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New Bioprospecting Activity: Students Can Collect and Share Data with GLBRC Scientists

(Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center)  Bioprospecting for Cellulose-Degrading Microbes: Filter Paper Assay Method Students collect samples that they predict will contain communities of cellulose-degrading microbes and test for the ability of microrganisms in their samples to break down pure cellulose (filter

August 29, 2013 Read Full Article

CALL FOR PAPERS: 36th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals April 28-May 1, 2014 DEADLINE: November 17, 2013

Abstract submission is now open for the 36th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (SBFC). The 36th SBFC will be held April 28-May 1, 2014 at the Hilton Clearwater Beach Hotel in Clearwater Beach, Florida. The deadline for abstract submissions

August 23, 2013 Read Full Article

Biofuels’ 10 Scariest Challenges: Part 1 of 2

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Upstream, downstream, processing, policy, finance – opportunities and challenges abound in the bioeconomy – but which challenges are the most intractable and daunting of them all? In today’s part 1, #10 through #6. They use various aliases

August 20, 2013 Read Full Article

Want Better Biofuels? Get the Wood Out

(Science Magazine)  Addition by subtraction. By removing a specific gene, researchers reduced the amount of lignin (stained red) by 36% in cells in a plant’s stem, making it easier to recover sugar-rich parts of the plant that can be converted to

August 19, 2013 Read Full Article

Leaf-Cutter Ants May Reveal Secrets to Creating Biofuels

by Jennifer Laaser  (Milwaukee Wisconsin Journal Sentinel) Look at a leaf-cutter ant colony, and it's a bustle of activity, with ants bringing pieces of leaves in, spreading them around on a honeycomb-like bed of fungus, and weeding the garden to remove

July 22, 2013 Read Full Article

NSF Grant Boosts Promising Biofuels Research

(JustMeans.com/Wisconsin Institute for Sustainable Technology)  Promising biofuels research at a Wisconsin biotech company and a partner university is getting a boost from a $224,967 National Science Foundation grant. C5.6 Technologies of Middleton, Wis., and the Wisconsin Institute for Sustainable Technology (WIST)

July 05, 2013 Read Full Article

The Next Fleet of Automobiles Powered By… Termites?

(Wall Street Daily)  ...Meet the gribble. Essentially, gribbles are the termites of the sea. That is, they’re marine pests that feed exclusively on wood. As you can imagine, that doesn’t make them very popular with the seafarers of the world. But thanks

June 27, 2013 Read Full Article

Increased Enzyme Binding to Substrate Is Not Necessary for More Efficient Cellulose Hydrolysis

by Dahai Gao, Shishir P. S. Chundawat, Anurag Sethi, Venkatesh Balana, S. Gnanakaran, and Bruce E. Dale (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)  Substrate binding is typically one of the rate-limiting steps preceding enzyme catalytic action during homogeneous reactions. However,

June 27, 2013 Read Full Article

Makeover Puts CHARMM Back in Biofuels Business

by Bill Scanlon (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  Biofuels scientists are asking more complex questions about how molecules spin, bond, and break when enzymes attack plants — all in the name of quickening the process of turning biomass into fuels for

May 07, 2013 Read Full Article

NREL Researchers Use Enzyme Combination to Break Down Biomass

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Enzymes could break down cell walls faster – leading to less expensive biofuels for transportation – if two enzyme systems are brought together in an industrial setting, new research by the Energy Department’s National

May 06, 2013 Read Full Article

Enzymes from Horse Feces Could Hold Secrets to Streamlining Biofuel Production

(Science Daily)  Stepping into unexplored territory in efforts to use corn stalks, grass and other non-food plants to make biofuels, scientists have described the discovery of a potential treasure-trove of candidate enzymes in fungi thriving in the feces and intestinal

April 19, 2013 Read Full Article

Making Do with More: Joint BioEnergy Institute Researchers Engineer Plant Cell Walls to Boost Sugar Yields for Biofuels

by Lynn Yarris (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)  When blessed with a resource in overwhelming abundance it’s generally a good idea to make valuable use of that resource. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant organic material on Earth. For thousands of

April 02, 2013 Read Full Article

Biofuels: Good, But How Good?

by Thomas W. Kerlin (ISA Interchange)  ...Plants convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar via photosynthesis using energy from the sun. The sugar undergoes further transformations within the plant. Carbohydrates, compounds composed entirely of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, are produced.

March 06, 2013 Read Full Article

Biomass Analysis Tool Is Faster, More Precise

by Bill Scanlon (National Renewable Energy Laboratory/Renewable Energy World)  A screening tool from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) eases and greatly quickens one of the thorniest tasks in the biofuels industry: determining cell wall chemistry

March 05, 2013 Read Full Article

Newly Discovered Plant Structure May Lead to Improved Biofuel Processing

by James Hataway (University of Georgia)  When Li Tan approached his colleagues at the University of Georgia with some unusual data he had collected, they initially seemed convinced that his experiment had become contaminated; what he was seeing simply didn't

February 08, 2013 Read Full Article

Research Targets Cells to Reduce Lignin, Boost Fermentable Sugar

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)    Researchers at the Joint BioEnergy Institute are exploring new ways to meet the challenge of recalcitrant cellulosic feedstocks and lower the cost of biomass-based biofuels. The group recently published two papers detailing their work

December 31, 2012 Read Full Article

Garbage Bug May Help Lower the Cost of Biofuel

(University of Illinois/EurekAlert!)  One reason that biofuels are expensive to make is that the organisms used to ferment the biomass cannot make effective use of hemicellulose, the next most abundant cell wall component after cellulose. They convert only the glucose

December 05, 2012 Read Full Article

NREL Researchers Use Imaging Technologies to Solve Puzzle of Plant Architecture

(US Department of Energy/National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  Breakthrough could help optimize capture of sugars for biofuels Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) combined different microscopic imaging methods to gain

November 30, 2012 Read Full Article

A Better Route to Xylan

by Lynn Yarris (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)  Joint BioEnergy Institute Researchers Find New Access to Abundant Biomass for Advanced Biofuels After cellulose, xylan is the most abundant biomass material on Earth, and therefore represents an enormous potential source of stored solar

November 17, 2012 Read Full Article

Wood Completely Broken Down into Its Component Parts

(Fraunhofer Center for Chemical-Biotechnological Processes)  Crude oil is getting scarce. This is why researchers are seeking to substitute petroleum-based products – like plastics – with sustainable raw materials. Waste wood, divided into lignin and cellulose, could serve as a raw

October 26, 2012 Read Full Article

Clean Energy Innovation Depends on a Good Pitch

by Kari Lydersen (Midwestern Energy News)  Purdue University associate professor Richard Meilan is striving to develop a poplar tree that grows more quickly and can be more easily converted to biofuel than the average member of the genus Populus. It also must be

October 16, 2012 Read Full Article

UMass-Amherst Team Solves Mystery of Cellulose Chains Breakdown

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  What exactly happens in depolymerization, as hydrogen bonds break down?  How could that revolutionize the process of making fuels, solvents, thinners, lacquers or paints out of biobased materials? Before one is able to arrange a global

September 19, 2012 Read Full Article

Enzymatic Digestibility of Corn Stover Fractions in Response to Fungal Pretreatment

by Zhifang Cui, Caixia Wan, Jian Shi, Robert W. Sykes, and Yebo Li (Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research)  Corn stover fractions (leaves, cobs, and stalks) were studied for enzymatic digestibility after pretreatment with a white rot fungus, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Among the three fractions, leaves had the least

September 14, 2012 Read Full Article

World First: A DEINOVE Bacteria Transforms Biomass Into 2nd Generation Bioethanol

(PR NewsWire/DEINOVE)   This breakthrough using Deinococcus could be the solution to a global issue: replacing fossil fuel with a fuel from nonfood biomass announced that its R&D team and its partners in the DEINOL program isolated and optimized a strain

September 13, 2012 Read Full Article

Functional Characterization of the Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor PvMYB4 for Improvement of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks

Hui Shen, Xianzhi He, Charleson R. Poovaiah, Wegi A. Wuddineh, Junying Ma, David G. J. Mann, Huanzhong Wang,  Lisa Jackson, Yuhong Tang, C. Neal Stewart Jr, Fang Chen, Richard A. Dixon (New Phytologist) The major obstacle for bioenergy production from switchgrass biomass is the low saccharification efficiency caused by cell wall recalcitrance.

August 30, 2012 Read Full Article

Genetic Manipulation of Lignin Reduces Recalcitrance and Improves Ethanol Production from Switchgrass

by Chunxiang Fu,  Jonathan R. Mielenz, Xirong Xiao, Yaxin Ge, Choo Y. Hamilton,  Miguel Rodriguez, Jr.,  Fang Chen, Marcus Foston,  Arthur Ragauskas, Joseph Bouton, Richard A. Dixon, and Zeng-Yu Wang  (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)   Switchgrass is a leading dedicated bioenergy feedstock in the United States

August 30, 2012 Read Full Article

Salicylic Acid Mediates the Reduced Growth of Lignin Down-Regulated Plants

Lina Gallego-Giraldo, Luis Escamilla-Trevino,  Lisa A. Jackson, and Richard A. Dixon (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)   Down-regulation of the enzyme hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) leads to strongly reduced lignin levels,

August 30, 2012 Read Full Article

Mutation of WRKY Transcription Factors Initiates Pith Secondary Wall Formation and Increases Stem Biomass in Dicotyledonous Plants

Huanzhong Wang,  Utku Avci,  Jin Nakashima,  Michael G. Hahn, Fang Chen, and Richard A. Dixon (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)  Stems of dicotyledonous plants consist of an outer epidermis, a cortex, a ring of secondarily thickened vascular bundles and interfascicular

August 30, 2012 Read Full Article

Discovery of Plant Gene Lays Groundwork for Improved Biofuel Processing

by James Hataway (UGA Today)  Since 2007, researchers at the BioEnergy Science Center, one of three Department of Energy-funded research centers, have partnered to figure out how to break down plants so that they easily release the simple sugars that

August 30, 2012 Read Full Article

Biofuel Research: Possibilities Still Growing at University of Georgia

(Ledger-Enquirer)  ...Researchers at the University of Georgia may be close to finding it. A report by Susan Mittleman on Georgia Public Broadcasting and transcribed on the Public Broadcasting Atlanta website (pba.org) describes a promising new process for making ethanol and

August 28, 2012 Read Full Article

Designing Microbes that Make Energy-Dense Biofuels without Sugar

(R&D Magazine)  With metabolically engineered microorganisms hungry for levulinic acid rather than sugar, a University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison) chemical and biological engineer aims to create more sustainable, cost-effective processes for converting biomass into high-energy-density hydrocarbon fuels. ...Brian Pfleger, a UW-Madison assistant

July 20, 2012 Read Full Article

Biofuels Patent Issued For Lignin-Solvent Process

(JustMeans.com)  A patent that opens the door for the creation of biofuels from abundantly available plant fiber has been issued to researchers at the Wisconsin Institute for Sustainable Technology (WIST) at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point. WIST’s first patent is for

July 19, 2012 Read Full Article

Heat-Loving Bacteria Could Lead to Next-Generation Microbe

by Holly Jessen (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Key proteins have been identified in a family of bacteria that help the microbes grab onto pieces of plant material in order to better degrade it. This was discovered during the examination of eight

July 05, 2012 Read Full Article

New Early Career Awards Support Biofuels Research

by Jill Sakai and Renee Meiller (University of Wisconsin-Madison)  A young generation of researchers are seeking biofuels in some unlikely sounding places: toxic algae blooms and cow stomachs. Two University of Wisconsin-Madison professors are drawing on these robust yet simple natural

June 04, 2012 Read Full Article

Algae Is Not Endive: The Future of Biofuels in the United States

by Dan Morgan (The Globalist)  The plant world has a curious way of providing fodder for Republicans in the midst of important elections in the United States. In 1988, the party cast the Democrat's presidential candidate, Michael Dukakis, as an

April 26, 2012 Read Full Article

Trillium FiberFuels, Oregon State University Get Grant for Advanced Biomass Enzymes

(Trillium FiberFuels Inc./Biorefining Magazine)  A team of scientists from Trillium FiberFuels and Oregon State University has been awarded a Small Business Technology Transfer grant from the U.S. DOE to further develop innovative enzymes that could lead to new products from

April 26, 2012 Read Full Article

The Promise of Biotechnology Is Here Today, and Dyadic Is Determined to Make a Difference

(CFOCEO Magazine)  ...Interview conducted by: Lynn Fosse, Senior Editor, CEOCFO Magazine, Published - April 20, 2012 ...C1 is a very unique fungus we found in the Russian soil in an alkaline lake in the early 1990’s. We selected that fungus because

April 23, 2012 Read Full Article

Plant Strength Key to Cracking Biofuels?

(ScienceAlert/Ecos Magazine)  Cellulose in plant cell walls contains sugars used to manufacture biofuels. However, this cellulose also resists decomposition, making it difficult to extract the sugars for use. New research into how plants form cellulose may hold the key. ...A structural

March 22, 2012 Read Full Article

Finding a Way to Put a Zebra in Your Tank

by Guy Gugliotta (New York Times)   ...Dr. (David A.) Mullin (a professor of molecular biology at Tulane University)was collecting manure from giraffes and other exotic ruminants at the zoo, a few blocks from his laboratory. He was looking for microbes

January 10, 2012 Read Full Article

New Biofuel Production Technologies: Overview of These Expanding Sectors and the Challenges Facing Them

(IFP Energies Nouvelles)  The numerous research programmes looking at new-generation biofuels that were initiated over the last ten years are now starting to bear fruit. Although no plants are producing and marketing biofuels yet, the large-scale, industrial feasibility of second-generation biofuel production at

December 30, 2011 Read Full Article

How Virent Is Using Plants To Replace Oil

by Rachel Z. Arndt (FastCompany)   ...(W)e speak with Mary Tilton, VP of plant operations at Virent, which is using chemistry to turn plants into fuel. "We are replacing crude oil. We're using catalytic chemistry to manipulate the carbon-oxygen bonds of

December 29, 2011 Read Full Article

Biofuels Face a Reality Check

by Lauren Sommer  (KQED)  ...The idea behind biofuels is pretty simple. Plants take sunlight and use that energy to make sugars. The biofuels industry wants to transform those sugars into fuel. That requires some molecular rearranging, so they’re looking to

December 28, 2011 Read Full Article

Toward More Cost-Effective Production of Biofuels from Plant Lignocellulosic Biomass

(Science Daily)  ...However, technologies are being developed to generate bioethanol from non-food sources, such as the lignocellulosics present in switchgrass and trees. The sugars locked in the polymers of cell walls, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, can be extracted and

November 18, 2011 Read Full Article

First-of-a-kind Tension Wood Study Broadens Biofuels Research

(Physorg.com)  Taking a cue from Mother Nature, researchers at the Department of Energy's BioEnergy Science Center have undertaken a first-of-its-kind study of a naturally occurring phenomenon in trees to spur the development of more efficient bioenergy crops. Tension wood, which forms

October 26, 2011 Read Full Article

Researchers Find Potential Key for Unlocking Biomass Energy

(Department of Energy/Los Alamos National Laboratory/EurekAlert!)  LANL molecular model helps expose cellulose weakness Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center have found a potential key for unlocking the energy potential from

July 22, 2011 Read Full Article

No Eureka Moments in Long U.S. Campaign to Crack Cellulosic Code

by Paul Voosen (New York Times/Greenwire)  ...For eons, plants have locked the sun's energy into complex strands of sugar, used to build their stems and leaves. These chains are far different from table sugar or grain starch; they cling together,

July 14, 2011 Read Full Article

Unlocking the Structure of Lignin, and Feasible Pathways to Cellulosic Conversion

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Research from ORNL reveals new details of bioenergy’s most daunting technical barrier ...Lignin, for those newer to the biofuels world, is a complex chemical compound that makes veggies, plants and wood firm, confers resistance to pests,

June 17, 2011 Read Full Article

Cadillac Sugars, Chevrolet Prices

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  A new generation of technologists aim high in value, low in cost, as the race for sugars to process into biofuels amps up a notch or three “You know, we hear numbers like this,” said Daphne

April 29, 2011 Read Full Article

Biofuels and Biofuel Research beyond Ethanol is Crucial to Developing Alternative Sustainable Energy Resources

(KQED/Quest/Planet Forward)  For years there’s been buzz — both positive and negative — about generating ethanol fuel from corn. The Bay Area is rapidly becoming a world center for the next generation of green fuel alternatives. Meet the scientists investigating

April 07, 2011 Read Full Article

Key Plant Traits Yield More Sugar for Biofuels

(University of California, Riverside)  Research by UC Riverside's Charles Wyman could lead to less expensive production of biofuels New clues about plant structure are helping researchers from the Department of Energy’s BioEnergy Science Center narrow down a large collection of poplar tree

March 30, 2011 Read Full Article

Advancing Next-Generation Biofuels

by Blake Simmons (Vice-President, Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute)  Simmons provides an overview of Joint Bioenergy Institute (JBI) and their research associated with converting cellulosic biomass to biofuel.  He describes the challenges of the various steps involved in current technologies

January 23, 2011 Read Full Article

Rediscovering Genes Related to Biomass Recalcitrance Using a Combination of High Throughput and High Resolution Plant Cell Wall Characterization Methods

by Dr. Mark Davis (BioEnergy Science Center, National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Dr. Davis discusses a multidisciplinary approach to overcoming the current inability to access sugars in lignocellulosic biomass.  By quickly identifying key genes in biomass composition, high

January 23, 2011 Read Full Article

Neutrons Helping Researchers Unlock Secrets to Cheaper Ethanol

(Science Daily)  New insight into the structure of switchgrass and poplars is fueling discussions that could result in more efficient methods to turn biomass into biofuel. Researchers from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Georgia Tech used small-angle

September 17, 2010 Read Full Article

Mascoma’s Magic World for Magic Bugs

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...This is the Rome Labs site, which does quite a bit of intelligence-related R&D. The super-secret nature of cellulosic development is not entirely different – though hugh-hush cadres of generals and admirals are supplanted by

September 02, 2010 Read Full Article

Mascoma: Inside the SunOpta Acquisition

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In New Hampshire, Mascoma reported yesterday that it had acquired SunOpta BioProcess, a division of SunOpta Inc. (STKL)  This combination brings together the fiber preparation and pretreatment technologies of SBI and the consolidated bioprocessing technology

September 02, 2010 Read Full Article

Is There a Road Ahead for Cellulosic Ethanol?

by Robert F. Service (Science Magazine)  Much of the optimism surrounding cellulosic ethanol has faded because of the ongoing economic slump, a plentiful supply of ethanol made from corn, and uncertainty among policymakers. Numerous companies have either shelved plans to

August 16, 2010 Read Full Article

New Microbial Genetic System Dissects Biomass to Biofuel Conversion

by Margaret Broeren   (University of Wisconsin)  A research team at the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC) has developed a powerful new tool that promises to unlock the secrets of biomass degradation, a critical step in the development of

June 17, 2010 Read Full Article

Gene Discovery Potential Key to Cost-Competitive Cellulosic Ethanol

(Oak Ridge National Lab)  Scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory are improving strains of microorganisms used to convert cellulosic biomass into ethanol, including a recent modification that could improve the efficiency of the conversion process. Biofuels researchers and

May 25, 2010 Read Full Article

The Initiative for Renewable Energy and the Environment Awards over $5.1 Million to 24 Energy Projects at the University of Minnesota

(University of Minnesota)  The Initiative for Renewable Energy and the Environment (IREE) recently awarded over $5.1 million to 24 renewable energy research and demonstration projects at the University of Minnesota. The selected projects focus on a wide-range of topics including solar

April 26, 2010 Read Full Article

Using Ionic Liquids Without Acids for Biomass Conversion into Biofuel Saves Time, Energy, Colorado State University Professors Discover

(Colorado State University)  Dissolving plant biomass in “green” solvent ionic liquids - salts that melt at low temperatures - converts more sugars needed for biofuel more quickly than traditional methods, according to a new study by Colorado State University professors. The

April 26, 2010 Read Full Article

Fermentable Sugars by Chemical Hydrolysis of Biomass

by Joseph B. Binder and Ronald T. Raines (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)  Abundant plant biomass has the potential to become a sustainable source of fuels and chemicals. Realizing this potential requires the economical conversion of recalcitrant lignocellulose

March 16, 2010 Read Full Article

Evolution Resources Signs Testing Services Agreement With North Carolina State University

Evolution Resources, Inc., an advanced biofuels production company focused on the production of cellulosic ethanol using the latest in modern processes and technologies, today announced the signing of a Testing Services Agreement with North Carolina State University.   Under the terms of

January 15, 2010 Read Full Article

An Integrated Strategy to Understand and Overcome Biomass Recalcitrance

Martin Keller, Ph.D. (BioEnergy Science Center) Presentation details biomass recalcitrance and various methods being researched to break down cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, lignins into sugars as an intermediary step to ethanol production or to serve as "green crude."  READ MORE

December 28, 2009 Read Full Article

Research Shows Promise of Low-Cost Biofuel Production from Sugar Beets

(Atlantic Biomass) Research reported in the December issue of the American Society of Microbiology’s journal Applied and Environment Microbiology on the development of a thermostable enzyme opens the way to a new pathway for low-cost biofuel production using sugar beet

December 09, 2009 Read Full Article

POET Releases Video Summarizing State of Cellulosic Ethanol Development

Focusing on its work with corn cobs as a cellulosic ethanol feedstock, POET's latest video provides a basic look at what it is taking to move from fermentation of starch to conversion of cellulose to ethanol.  Great visuals for people

October 07, 2009 Read Full Article

Biofuel-Producing Bacteria, Insect Gut Microbes, ~ 70 other Projects Fill DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Pipeline

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI) has selected 71 new genomic sequencing projects for its 2010 Community Sequencing Program (CSP)—a targeted sampling of the planet’s biodiversity—to be characterized for bioenergy, climate, and environmental applications. JGI’s Community Sequencing

August 11, 2009 Read Full Article

New Technique Can Fast-track Better Ionic Liquids for Biomass Pre-treatments

(Renewable Energy World)   ... The use of ionic liquids — salts that are liquids rather than crystals at room temperature — to dissolve lignocellulose and later help hydrolyze the resulting liquor into sugars, shows promise as a way of pre-treating

July 17, 2009 Read Full Article

The Bioenergy Science Center's Efforts to Overcome Biomass Recalcitrance Described

"Without overcoming biomass recalcitrance, cellulosic biofuels will be more expensive than corn biofuels. Improved sugar conversion is not enough." From the presentation by Martin Keller, Ph.D., Director of the BioEnergy Science Center describing the efforts of the 304 people in

July 02, 2009 Read Full Article

Atlantic Biomass Conversions Proposes "Follow-the-Crop" System

Instead of bringing sufficient supplies of biomass to processing facilities, Atlantic Biomass Conversions, Inc., proposes taking decentralized enzymatic conversion units to the crops. Following the model of wheat harvesting combines that follow the harvest season, they will develop a "Follow-the-Crop"

June 23, 2009 Read Full Article

Enzymatic Deconstruction of Xylan for Biofuel Production

by Dylan Dodd and Isaac K. O. Cann  (Global Change Biology Bioenergy)   The combustion of fossil-derived fuels has a significant impact on atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and correspondingly is an important contributor to anthropogenic global climate change. Plants have evolved photosynthetic

February 27, 2009 Read Full Article

Biomass Recalcitrance: Engineering Plants and Enzymes for Biofuels Production

by Michael E. Himmel, Shi-You Ding, David K. Johnson, William S. Adney, Mark R. Nimlos, John W. Brady and Thomas D. Foust  (Science Magazine)  Lignocellulosic biomass has long been recognized as a potential sustainable source of mixed sugars for fermentation to biofuels and other biomaterials. Several technologies have

February 26, 2007 Read Full Article
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carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing 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thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo 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criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services 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drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric 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Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance 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feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for 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price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic 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