EPA Fortifies Domestic Fuel Supply, Provides Americans with Relief at the Pump by Approving Nationwide E15 and Removing Boutique Fuel Markets for E10

Agriculture (USDA)Energy (DOE)Environmental Protection AgencyFederal Agency/Executive BranchFederal LegislationFederal RegulationMarketing/Market Forces and SalesMiddle EastMinnesotaOpinionsPolicy
March 25, 2026
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(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Today, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Lee Zeldin, in consultation with U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and in accordance with the Clean Air Act (CAA), issued a temporary emergency fuel waiver to allow nationwide sales of E15, gasoline blended with 15 percent ethanol, and to remove all federal impediments to selling E10, gasoline blended with 10 percent ethanol, across the country. Through the waiver, EPA is fortifying the domestic gasoline supply chain and providing Americans relief at the pumps ahead of the summer driving season.

Beginning on May 1, 2026, EPA’s waivers will work to prevent disruption in America’s fuel supply by keeping E15 on the market and giving Americans more fuel options. EPA is issuing the waiver notice today to allow fuel industry stakeholders adequate time to transition the fuel distribution system. As required by the CAA, EPA and DOE evaluated the current situation and determined that granting the waiver was in the public interest. 

“EPA is working with our federal partners to reduce unnecessary costs and uncertainty and ensure that gas prices remain affordable for all Americans through the summer. This emergency action will provide American families with relief by increasing fuel supply and consumer choice,” said EPA Administrator Zeldin. “President Trump has prioritized ensuring American families have an affordable domestic energy supply. The Trump Administration has made great strides on this during the first year and will continue to do so.”

“President Trump is unleashing American Energy Dominance, and today’s action will directly lower prices at the pump and gives a clear demand signal to our domestic biofuels producers. Allowing the summer sale of E-15 will provide drivers more options at the pump, and deliver a bigger domestic market for American farmers,” said U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke L. Rollins. “While today’s announcement is great news for farmers, year-round E-15 is essential for the farm economy, and Congress needs to find a common sense solution that provides much needed certainty to consumers and farmers. Once again, Administrator Zeldin and President Trump’s cabinet is delivering for our great American farmers. Our energy security is truly a national security priority, and our nations corn farmers are a key part of the solution.” 

EPA is committed to doing its part to ensure available supply of fuels and lower the cost of energy for American families, farmers and manufacturers by reducing our reliance on imported fuels and bolstering U.S. energy independence through the cutting of burdensome red tape and commonsense rulemaking. 

The emergency fuel waiver will temporarily waive the summer low volatility requirements and blending limitations for gasoline to provide additional flexibility to the fuel marketplace. This will increase fuel supply and provide a variety of gasoline fuel blends to choose from without changing environmental protections already in place. E15 is currently offered at over 3,000 gas stations nationwide, where it serves as a more affordable choice for Americans. Without this action, E15 gasoline cannot be used by roughly half of the country this summer. Additionally, EPA is also waiving federal enforcement of all state “boutique” fuel requirements for gasoline, allowing the production and distribution of gasoline with 9 to 15 percent ethanol content at a single common Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) standard of 10 psi across the nation. EPA’s actions will go into effect on May 1, 2026, for most states, and will initially remain in place through May 20, 2026. This 20-day window is the maximum number of days allowed under the CAA. 

EPA will continue to monitor the fuel supply with industry and federal partners. The agency will be ready to extend the emergency fuel waivers as long as the fuel supply circumstances warrant such action. Key pillars of EPA’s Powering the Great American Comeback initiative are restoring American energy dominance and cooperative federalism. The agency looks forward to working with our state partners to ensure applicable state requirements are waived and that Americans are provided with the upmost benefits from the Trump administration’s actions. 

For more information on this announcement, please visit EPA’s Fuel Waivers webpage.   READ MORE

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Excerpt from Polticio Pro Greenwire: The Trump administration's decision to lift restrictions on the sale of higher-ethanol fuel again this summer could help soften the blow of higher gas prices — but it’s not the big win the biofuels industry has been seeking.

Every year since 2022, EPA has used an emergency waiver through the Clean Air Act to allow gas stations to sell E15 fuel in summer. But allowing those sales permanently is up to Congress, where a deal appears close yet still elusive.

...

In declaring an emergency, EPA again cited market disruptions that demand temporary solutions. During the Biden administration, the war in Ukraine drove the issue, now it’s the war in the Middle East and Iran’s threats against ships passing through the Strait of Hormuz. READ MORE

 

Excerpt from The Hill: The move comes as the average U.S. price of gasoline is about $3.98 per gallon, which is $1 per gallon higher than where it was a month ago because of supply disruptions the conflict has caused. 

The Iran war has effectively halted shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, through which about 20 percent of the world’s oil typically flows.

Trump administration officials described the move as part of an effort to bring down prices.

...

Analysts recently told The Hill, however, that the Trump administration’s policy levers for bringing down prices are limited — and the only way to massively cut the price is to reopen the strait. 

The E15 issue is one that is more regional rather than partisan — corn-belt Democrats and Republicans alike tend to support reducing restrictions on biofuels, while Republicans from oil-producing states have been critical of expanded uses of E15, as have many environmental groups.

A push to permanently allow summer sales of E15 briefly held up a government funding bill earlier this year, though such measures ultimately did not make it into law.

Ethanol supporters praised the Trump administration’s move but also called for permanent sales of high-ethanol gas all year.

...

Sen. Deb Fischer (R-Neb.) said in a statement that “this is not a long-term solution, and it is far past time for Congress to make this permanent.”

The biofuels lobby also praised the announcement. 

“With geopolitical conflict roiling energy markets worldwide, we applaud President Trump and Administrator Zeldin for acting quickly and decisively to combat potential fuel shortages and help keep a lid on gas prices this summer,” said Geoff Cooper, president and CEO of the Renewable Fuels Association, in a statement. READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Reuters: The oil ​industry's top trade group, the ​American Petroleum Institute, also ⁠welcomed the announcement.

"By temporarily easing summer fuel requirements, this action helps ensure American consumers continue to have access to affordable, reliable energy," said Will Hupman, API's ​vice president of downstream policy. READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Brownfield Ag News: Troy Bredenkamp, the senior vice president of government and public affairs with the Renewable Fuels Association, says while the organization is appreciative of the move, it doesn’t replace the need for a permanent fix.

“This is just a band-aid and a temporary solution,” he says. “The corn market needs certainty.”

Matt Zeigler, director of public policy and renewable fuels with the National Corn Growers Association, says the conflict in the Middle East has put additional pressure on the energy market.

“It’s a relief value for folks right now with fuel costs up, but we want to make this law to really see the growth in E15 sales that we’re hoping for,” he says.

American Farm Bureau president Zippy Duvall says permanent sales of E15 fuel blends could increase demand for U.S. corn farmers by 2.4 billion bushels per year. 

Brian Jennings, CEO of the American Coalition for Ethanol, tells Brownfield this is the fifth year of emergency fuel waivers and states don’t need a patchwork of regulations.

“EPA only has the authority to issue these emergency waivers on a twenty-day rolling basis,” he says. “We expect that they will continue to re-issue those during the summer 2026 driving season.”

U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar (D-MN), Ranking Member of the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, says Congress must act soon to ensure long-term energy security.

The EPA action also permanently removed all barriers on E10 across the country.

Sales of nationwide E15 will initially begin on May 1st and will remain in effect until May 20th.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from AgWeb: E10 Emergency Waivers
EPA also announced E10 emergency waivers for the seven Midwest states that already had E15 waivers to remove all federal impediments to selling E10 and provide parody for the two ethanol blends.

According to Bredenkamp, “If they give an E15 waiver for the summer driving season in those seven states, you wouldn’t have a waiver necessarily for E10. So, they have to in those seven states grant an emergency waiver for E10 as well in order to keep maximum fuel fungeability within all fuel pumps within the United States.”

E15 Legislation Needed
However, emergency waivers can’t replace a permanent Congressional fix.

So, farm state lawmakers hope for passage of an E15 bill to make this the last year for the emergency waivers including Sen. Joni Ernst - Iowa (R).

“We’ve done this for a number of years and it’s kind of the same old same old and I am grateful for the waiver. I think that is very important to be able to offer uh the product the way we do through those summer months. But we really do need the administration to assist us with this,” she says.

Ernst says the biggest hurdle for passage is still the refiners and she’s talked to leadership in the administration to urge President Trump to signal to small and mid-level refineries that E15 needs to happen.

E15 a Win Win
Bredenkamp says permanent law would provide certainty for the ethanol industry.

“That would resolve the Midwest state opt- out issue. That would resolve year- round E15. Everyone would know what the game plan is every year moving forward. retailers would have the market certainty that they need to offer it. the corn growers would have uh a demand driver moving forward. That’s what everyone needs.”

And Ernst says consumers would also win at the pump.

“Especially as we see sky high levels of fuel prices. We know we can drop that immediately with E15.”  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Renewable Fuels Association: The lower-cost, American-made E15 blend is legally approved for use in more than 95 percent of vehicles on the road today, according to the EPA. Drivers typically save 10-40 cents per gallon when filling up with E15, saving the typical household hundreds of dollars on their annual fuel bill.

The EPA took similar emergency action in 2022, 2023, 2024, and 2025, and the EPA allowed retailers to continue selling E15 in 2021 following an adverse court decision in a lawsuit brought against President Trump by the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers.

RFA on March 9 urged the White House to take action earlier than usual to allow summertime sales of E15, among other steps, to help blunt the effects of Mideast turmoil on American consumers. As of this morning, E15 had been selling an average of 28 cents per gallon less than regular gasoline, an 8.6 percent discount, according to real-time tracking at RFA’s website reporting prices of ethanol blends.

While today’s EPA announcement is good news for American families, a permanent legislative solution allowing year-round E15 is still needed, Cooper said. “For the economic and energy security benefits of E15 to be fully realized, the marketplace needs stability and long-term certainty,” he said. “Consumers, fuel producers, and farmers alike desperately need Congress to pass legislation that would deliver permanent year-round access for E15 and finally break the cycle of ad hoc, stop-gap emergency waivers.”

American voters have also registered overwhelming support for permanent, year-round access to E15. A survey taken last week of more than 2,000 registered voters, by Morning Consult, indicates that 71 percent of those polled support efforts to increase the availability of E15, up two percentage points from a December survey. And two-thirds of voters (66 percent) support the Nationwide Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act. This is up three points from December.

These strong numbers are amplified by removing the respondents who reported not knowing or having an opinion, Cooper noted. Of voters expressing an opinion, 85 percent support the U.S. increasing the availability of E15 to help lower fuel prices and support energy independence, and 82 percent support the E15 legislation.   READ MORE

 

Excerpt from USA Today:  The EPA says E15 gas can be used in flexible-fuel vehicles and most cars made after 2001.

The agency said E15 gas cannot be used in the following types of vehicles:

  • On-highway and nonroad motorcycles;
  • Vehicles with heavy-duty engines, such as school buses, transit buses, and delivery trucks;
  • Nonroad vehicles, such as boats and snowmobiles;
  • Engines in nonroad equipment, such as lawnmowers and chain saws; or
  • Model year 2000 and older cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles. READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association: The Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association (MN Bio-Fuels) welcomes new actions from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) related to biofuels, including an emergency waiver allowing the year-round sale of E15 in 2026 and updated renewable volume obligations under the Renewable Fuel Standard.

Brian Werner, Executive Director of the MN Bio-Fuels, issued the following statement:

"The announcements this week on biofuels from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are a win for Minnesotans.

The emergency waiver for the year-round sale of E15 in 2026 is great news for Minnesota ethanol producers and consumers across the country. E15 delivers real savings at the pump, and expanding access will help relieve the strain on family budgets as gas prices continue to rise. While year-round access to E15 helps immediately, the reality is that emergency waivers are temporary and Congress must resolve this annual uncertainty by making year-round E15 permanent.

At the same time, setting robust renewable volume obligations under the Renewable Fuel Standard for 2026 and 2027 will provide immediate stability in renewable fuel markets and a path for growth in renewable fuel production. In order to fully support farmers and renewable fuel producers, we would have liked to see this decision reallocate 100 percent of the renewable fuel gallons lost to small refinery exemptions between 2023-2025. We thank the administration for setting the highest volumes in history, and our bipartisan delegation, including Senators Klobuchar and Smith, and Representatives Emmer, Craig, Fischbach, and Finstad for pushing to set historic volumes and reallocate most of the gallons lost to small refinery exemptions.

Every gallon of ethanol blended into gasoline displaces a gallon of petroleum, makes us less dependent on imports from volatile regions and contested shipping lanes around the globe, and most importantly - lowers prices at the pump for consumers. Together, these federal actions will help mitigate concerns about gasoline affordability and supply while helping support rural communities and the farm economy."

E15, a gasoline blend with 15 percent ethanol often marketed as Unleaded 88,offers a lower-cost option for drivers. A recent study found Minnesota consumers saved $24.7 million in 2024 alone by choosing E15, with $79.5 million in total savings since 2013.

The full study, Cumulative Effects of E15 Sales to Minnesota Consumers, is available here. READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Argus Media: Kansas will not move to join a group of farm states transitioning next year to a boutique summer gasoline blend, which would have ensured continued access to a higher-ethanol blend in the state.

Seven Midwestern states have approval to eventually move a lower-volatility summertime fuel that would allow retailers to keep selling both typical 10pc ethanol gasoline (E10) and blends with up to 15pc ethanol (E15). Kansas governor Laura Kelly (D-Kansas), frustrated by an impasse about federal biofuel policy, said earlier this year that she would give "strong consideration" to submitting a request by 1 April to join those states starting in 2027.

But much has since changed in fuel markets. The US-Israel war with Iran has sent pump prices sharply higher, and President Donald Trump's administration has tried to contain the fallout by issuing emergency waivers that streamline summertime fuel rules across the country. Those waivers allow year-round sales of E15 in areas where it would have otherwise been limited while also effectively delaying the Midwestern states' fuel change — first planned for 2025 and then for 2026 — to next year.

"With the granting of the temporary E15 waiver, E15 will continue to be sold through 2026", Kelly's office said. "While the governor strongly considered the permanent opt-out, she recognizes that it would not take effect until 2027 and felt that it is a decision best left to the next administration."

A new governor will take office next year in Kansas.

The Clean Air Act exempts E10 from summertime smog rules that would otherwise prevent its sale but does not extend the same treatment to E15 despite similar air quality impacts. The Midwestern bloc as a workaround had won approval to opt out of the special treatment for E10, effectively putting E10 and E15 on equal footing by requiring less-volatile but costlier blendstocks for both.

The farm-state governors saw the workaround as a way to ensure continued E15 access no matter how federal policy changes. But the transition also threatened higher pump prices during peak summer driving season, a political risk even before the war.

Kansas deciding not to join the other opt-out states comes despite a lack of progress in Congress on permanently exempting E15 from summertime smog rules, leaving decisions around access each summer to regulators. A task force of US lawmakers has struggled for months to reach agreement on biofuel legislation that would allow E15 sales year-round, in part because some oil refiners have objected to earlier proposals that would restrict their ability to win exemptions from biofuel blend mandates.

E15 is typically cheaper than E10, although the blend is not sold at the vast majority of US fuel stations. Advocates blame the lack of availability on regulatory uncertainty deterring retailers from investing in higher ethanol blends.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Chemical & Engineering News:  The Clean Air Act restricts the amount of ethanol that can be blended into gasoline during the summer to 10% in most cases, a provision in the 1970 law intended to cut smog by reducing the vapor pressure of gasoline. The EPA is empowered to issue emergency waivers, however, and has done so every summer since 2022. EPA administrator Lee Zeldin says in a press release that the E15 waiver will reduce the cost of gasoline and increase supply.

Even if the EPA’s rationale is economic, the move is sound from an air quality standpoint, says Joanne Ivancic, executive director of the nonprofit advocacy group Advanced Biofuels USA.

A 10% blend has a higher vapor pressure, meaning it evaporates more easily than pure gasoline does, and the law assumes that trend continues as more ethanol is added, Ivancic says. “However, the opposite is true. The potential smog problem actually decreases with higher ethanol blends.” Data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory PDF, recently renamed the National Lab of the Rockies, show that the vapor pressure peaks at about 10% ethanol and curves steadily downward at higher concentrations.

...

The American Coalition for Ethanol, an industry group, praises both actions but urges the federal government to go further. The organization says that Congress should act to make E15 permanently legal year-round and that the EPA should “seriously consider higher volumes next year” to make up for instability in the RFS in recent years. READ MORE

 

Excerpt from National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Blending of ethanol into gasoline at 10 volume percent causes the RVP to increase by about 1 psi despite the fact that fuel grade ethanol has a lower vapor pressure than gasoline (see Figure 1). The low vapor pressure of fuel grade ethanol is caused by attractive forces between the ethanol molecules. The strongly electronegative oxygen atom in each ethanol molecule is attracted to the somewhat positive hydrogen atoms in other ethanol molecules. The attraction between ethanol molecules means that it has a stronger tendency to stay as a liquid and not vaporize into the more dispersed gaseous state. However, when blended into gasoline at relatively low concentrations the more numerous gasoline molecules disrupt the attractive forces between ethanol molecules and allow the ethanol to readily evaporate, raising the vapor pressure of the blend. Not surprisingly this increase in vapor pressure with ethanol is more marked with the lower RVP hydrocarbon blendstocks. This would be true with the addition of any component which raises vapor pressure, as the final pressure is a weighted average of the pressure contributions of all of the components. As ethanol content is increased above about 20% the vapor pressure increase becomes less, and above about 50% ethanol vapor pressure for the blend is less than that of the gasoline.

Figure 1. Effect of ethanol blending on vapor pressure of gasoline.

When ethanol was first permitted as an additive in gasoline at concentrations of up to 10% in 1979, its effect on vapor pressure was not regulated.3 In 1992, new EPA regulations (40 CFR 80.27) provided a 1-psi waiver for ethanol blends that contained between 9 and 10 percent ethanol. Most, but not all, of the state-set RVP standards also allow a 1-psi waiver for blends of 9 to 10 percent ethanol.4,5 The purpose of the 1-psi waiver was to support the emerging ethanol industry. At that time EPA believed it would be difficult to economically justify a separate storage and distribution system for the small amount of lower vapor pressure gasoline needed for ethanol blending, with the result that low RVP gasoline blendstock for ethanol blending would not be made available. 6 The waiver allowed E10 to be made with the same gasoline distributed as finished fuel to be used without ethanol addition. Allowing vapor pressure to increase also lets refiners keep volatile components in the gasoline. This is estimated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) to provide a 2 to 3% increase in conventional gasoline volume.7   READ MORE

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(CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude lignin oil (CLO) crude oil Cruise Ships Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi Customs and Border Protection cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping dual-fuel/flex fuel ships Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E10M90 ethanol/methanol E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E32 E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental attributes environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia Eswatini/Swaziland ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOAK (First of a Kind) FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenhouse Gas Protocol Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h hairy vetch Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (HEFA-SKA) Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISB10 isobutanol ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State legumes lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime linseed Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill lupin Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol hybrid methanol price Methanol-to-Gasoline Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol-to-Jet Cyclo Paraffins with Aromatics (MtJ-CKA) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration 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Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast Northern Australia northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oilcane Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate oyster shell ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photocatalysis/photocatalysts photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical 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project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD15 RD20 RD26 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands Recycled Carbon Fuel (RCF) recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries 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RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solaris Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum price sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Southeast Asia Southern Africa Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soy meal soybean hulls soybean prices soybeans Spain spartina specifications Spekboom Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar Sugar Beets/Energy Beets Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugar standards sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel sugarcane 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