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Maine Eyed for Project that Converts Electricity to Storable Gas

by Tux Turkel (Press Herald)  Wind and other renewables produce excess power that could be used in the state’s natural gas pipeline system.  -- ... The transmission lines connecting Maine’s far-flung renewable generators to the regional electric grid sometimes are too

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Dairy Farm, BMW Partner on Biogas Electricity to Power Cars

(Straus Family Creamery/Biomass Magazine) Straus Family Creamery, a leader in organic farming and sustainable dairy innovation, announces a collaboration between its Founder and CEO Albert Straus’ organic dairy farm and BMW Group. Together, they’re making low carbon charging available for BMW’s

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

North American RNG Industry Celebrates New Production Facilities

(Coalition for Renewable Natural Gas/Biomass Magazine) Today (December 3, 2019), the Coalition for Renewable Natural Gas (RNG Coalition) commenced the North American renewable natural gas (RNG or biomethane) industry’s annual conference program in Dana Point, California, by celebrating industry growth and

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Scotland’s Carbon Reduction Ambitions Move forward with Groundbreaking New Charter Signed by Government and Industry

by Joanna Sampson (Gas World) A new alliance of industry, academics and government will today officially launch a programme to deliver industrial decarbonisation in Scotland through the deployment of the UK’s first carbon capture, usage and storage technology. The industry led coalition,

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

True Zero Emission Tech: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Nel Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Nel ASA is a Norwegian company based in Oslo. Nel is a global company providing solutions for the production, storage and distribution of hydrogen from renewable energy sources. Nel is listed in the OBX Index of

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

LIFE Methamorphosis Project Allows to Obtain Biofuel from Organic Waste

(LIFE Methamorphosis) LIFE Methamorphosis has launched two prototypes, UMBRELLA and METHAGRO, which operate under this principle. UMBRELLA is installed in the Ecoparc de Montcada i Reixac (Ecoparc 2), one of the waste treatment plants owned by the AMB, managed by FCC Medio

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Informal Ethanol Market Thrives in Mexico

by Sergio Meana (Argus Media) Drivers in Mexico are using high concentrations of ethanol in their tanks as a direct, cheaper substitute of gasoline despite blends over 10pc being illegal, conventional fuel retailers said. Retailers in often informal street-side outlets advertise ethanol on

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Klobuchar Leads Letter Expressing Concern that the Newly Proposed Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) Blending Targets Will Be Undermined by Continued Abuse of ‘Hardship’ Waivers

(Office of Senator Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)) Klobuchar has spent months calling for an end to the harm caused by abuse of hardship waivers  --  U.S. Senator Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) led a public comment letter last week to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

INSIGHT: Rise of HVO to Be the Downfall of Traditional Biodiesel in Europe

by Samantha Wright (Independent Commodity Intelligence Service)  As hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) use grows in Europe, with more expansions anticipated in the next few years, questions are arising as to its impact on the traditional biodiesel market and the wider oleochemicals

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Argonne Collaboration Shows Benefits of Better Corn Residue Management Strategies

(U.S. Department of Energy) As the global population swells, boosting the demand for both food and energy, land management has never been more important. Now, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory are conducting pivotal research that

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

A European Fund to Support the Circular Bioeconomy

(European Investment Bank)  The European Commission and the European Investment Bank announce the selection of an Investment Advisor for the upcoming European Circular Bioeconomy Fund -- The fund aims to provide financing for innovative circular bioeconomy companies and projects in

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

UP Sugar Mills Not Interested in Converting Old Sugar to Ethanol

by Jayashree Bhosale (Economic Times) The food ministry’s latest notification allowing India’s sugar producers to convert surplus stocks into ethanol to be blended with petrol comes as an additional support measure for the industry.  However, mills in Uttar Pradesh, the

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Evonik to Expand Sodium Methylate Capacity in Rosario, Argentina

(Evonik) -Output of sodium methylate production plant in Rosario will be increased by 50 percent in two stages; -Expansion is response to increasing market demand for biodiesel; -Investment strengthens market leadership position for alkoxides; -Evonik plans to increase its capacity

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Hampton Roads Sanitation District Selects Greasezilla as the FOG Separation Technology at its Nansemond Treatment Plant

(Greasezilla/Globe Newswire)  Greasezilla™ announces it has been selected by Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD) to provide the most cost-effective and ecologically sound FOG (fats, oils and grease) Separation Technology for the Nansemond Treatment Plant in Suffolk, Virginia. HRSD did an industry-wide search for the

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Hydrogen thru Existing Infrastructure: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to the Conversion to Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Technical Association of the European Natural Gas Industry looked recently at the use of hydrogen using existing natural gas infrastructure and existing gas appliances.  READ MORE  

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Engineered Strains for Fermentation: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to n-Butanol from Biomass and CO2

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) $2.25/gal or less than $3/gge (gallon gasoline equivalent) sounds pretty good, doesn’t it? That is one of the goals of a project that is working on developing engineered clostridial strains and a fermentation process that can

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Compostable Coffee Capsules, Banana Waste Bioplastic, Cocoa Husk Chocolate Wrappers, Cactus Leather, and More: The Digest’s Top 10 Innovations for the Week of December 4th

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The holiday season is in full gear for some and this means coming up with gifts for family and friends. For The Digest readers this week, there is no dearth of biobased alternatives to consider like

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Reynolds Requires All New State Diesel Vehicles to Use Fuel at Least 20% Biodiesel

by Donnelle Eller (Des Moines Register) Gov. Kim Reynolds gave a boost Tuesday to Iowa's renewable fuels industry, requiring that all new state-owned diesel-powered vehicles — from cars and trucks to snowplows and graders — be able to use at least 20%

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

How Policy Can Boost the Market Roll-Out of Renewable Fuels

(ADVANCEFUEL) Policy and governments set ambitious climate and energy targets for the transport sector both on EU level, such as the revised Renewable Energy Directive, and international level, such as the 2015 Paris Agreement. Renewable fuels are among the most viable

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Biofuels Could Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions By 96%

by Steve Hanley (Clean Technica) There is nothing inherently wrong with internal combustion engines. The problem is the fuels we use to run them emit billions of tons of greenhouse gases every year, gases which cause the Earth to get hotter.

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

California Bans Government Purchase of Gasoline Vehicles

(Trucking Info) ... As part of Gov. Gavin Newsom's administration's attempt to combat climate change, California has banned the purchase of gasoline-fueled vehicles by government groups, according to the Sacramento Bee.  The state fleet includes about 51,000 cars and trucks, according to

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Joe Biden Wants to Launch Low-Carbon Transportation Strategy

by John Gallagher (Freight Waves) Former vice president and Democrat presidential candidate Joe Biden is promoting a “new generation” of low-carbon trucking, shipping and aviation technologies through a plan to invest $400 billion over 10 years in a federal clean energy

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Azelio, Biodico Partner for Solar, Wind Power at Biofuel Units

(Azelio/Biodiesel Magazine) Swedish public firm Azelio has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the U.S. firm Biodico Inc. for a project in Atascadero, California. The MOU frameworks a collaboration over a capacity of about 120 MWe of Azelio’s energy storage technology

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

American GreenFuels’ Biodiesel Earns UL Environmental Validations

(American GreenFuels/Biodiesel Magazine) American GreenFuels LLC announced Nov. 21 that its certified biodiesel product has achieved two Underwriters Laboratories environmental claim validations: -Recycled Content—biodiesel produced by American GreenFuels contains an average of 42 percent post-consumer recycled content; and -Byproduct Synergy—biodiesel produced by American

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Infographic Shows Origins of Germany’s Biodiesel, HVO Feedstocks

(UFOP/Biodiesel Magazine) The public rarely questions where raw materials for fossil fuels come from when filling their fuel tanks.  It’s a far different story when it comes to biofuels: With the revision of the Renewable Energy Directive, the requirements for sustainability criteria,

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Mankato Area Public Schools Tour Guardian Energy

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association) Twenty-two high school students from Mankato toured Guardian Energy today to gain a better understanding of renewable fuel production. During the tour, the students learned about several components of ethanol production including incoming grain grading, grain handling, fermentation, grain

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Canby High School Tours ADM Carbohydrate Solutions

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association) Nineteen students from Canby High School toured the Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Company's Carbohydrate Solutions plant in Marshall yesterday to learn about locally-produced renewable energy. During the tour, the students, from grades 9 to 12, were briefed on the

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Owatonna High School Tours Al-Corn Clean Fuel

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association) Students from Owatonna High School toured Al-Corn Clean Fuel twice this month to get a better understanding of how clean renewable energy is produced. The first tour was on Nov 5 while the second tour was on Nov 19.  During

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Minnesota New Country School Tours Guardian Energy

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association) Forty-one students from Minnesota New Country School in Henderson visited Guardian Energy on Friday, November 15th to learn about renewable fuel production. “It’s always a pleasure to host students who are eager to learn about the renewable fuels industry.

December 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Sibley East High School Tours Heartland Corn Products

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association) Fourteen high school students from Sibley High School visited Heartland Corn Products in Winthrop yesterday to get a better understanding of clean renewable fuel production. The students, from grades 10 to 12, toured the various processes of ethanol production

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

New Study Looks to Biological Enzymes as Source of Hydrogen Fuel

by Lois Yoksoulian (University of Illinois News Bureau) Research from the University of Illinois and the University of California, Davis has chemists one step closer to recreating nature’s most efficient machinery for generating hydrogen gas. This new development may help clear

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

VTT Solves Challenges of Making Emission-Free Mobile Hydrogen

(Hydrogen Digest) From Finland we have news that VTT has combined devices that produce hydrogen from water and electricity from hydrogen into a single movable system that produces hydrogen with an efficiency as high as 80–90%. The problem Weak efficiency has hindered the

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Maryland Community Workshop on the Transportation and Climate Initiative --- December 5, 2019 --- Easton, MD

The Maryland State Departments of Environment (DEC) and Transportation (MDOT) are conducting a public workshop to gain your comments Maryland’s participation in the multi-state initiative to modernize the transportation system and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

USGC: Roadshow Finds Iberian Market Potential for DDGS, Sorghum

(U.S. Grains Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine) With six members along to share their expertise, the U.S. Grains Council conducted a robust, week-long roadshow through Spain and Portugal in October to promote U.S. sorghum and containerized dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) to

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Biodiesel Works --- December 12, 2019 --- Nashville, TN

Tennessee Clean Fuels is partnering with the Renewable Energy Group — the nation’s largest biodiesel producer — to host two “Biodiesel Works!” workshops in 2019. The first was held in Knoxville earlier this year, and this one will take place in Nashville. Biodiesel is

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

ePURE: EU Demand for Low-Carbon Fuels Can Be Met Sustainably

(ePURE/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ... A study by sustainable energy consultancy E4tech looked at scenarios involving countries adopting petrol blends with up to 20 percent renewable ethanol. It found that under two potential 2030 scenarios of increased demand for renewable ethanol—one with a

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

More than 11,700 Comments Filed on EPA’s SRE Proposal

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The public comment period of U.S. EPA’s supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking that addresses the agency’s plan to reallocate future Renewable Fuel Standard volumes lost to small refinery exemptions (SREs) closed Nov. 29. More than

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Work Begins on Adelaide Green Hydrogen Plant

by Andrew Spece  (The Lead)  Construction has begun on a pioneering hydrogen production facility in Adelaide, which will play a major role in South Australia’s bid to become a global leader in certified green hydrogen. The AU$11.4 million HyP SA facility

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Report: Thailand Could Benefit from Ethanol Imports

by Matt Thompson (Ethanol Producer Magazine) A recently released report from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Foreign Agricultural Service says that while Thailand has relied on domestic ethanol production, the country could benefit from importing ethanol and other biofuels. While the country

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Ethanol Leader Praises Law Ending Wisconsin's “One Hose" Rule

by Larry Lee (Browfield Ag News) A Wisconsin ethanol producer says the new state law eliminating the need for separate hoses to dispense E15 was overdue. Erik Huschitt is the CEO and General Manager for Badger State Ethanol, and he is

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Ethanol Could Be a ‘Bridge’ toward Transport Electrification, US Farmers Say

by Sarantis Michalopoulos (EURACTIV.com) This article is part of our special report COP25: Is transport decarbonisation pragmatic enough?.  Until electrification of transport is fully in place, ethanol could be used as a “bridge” to make fuels cleaner, US farmers told EURACTIV.com on

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Fiberight Waste Facility Opens Doors after Delays, Serving Central Maine Region

by Meg Robbins (Morning Sentinel)  After more than a year of delays, the Hampden-based trash-to-fuel plant is processing trash from 115 Maine communities, and hopes to see that number climb.  -- The long anticipated trash-to-fuel facility in Hampden met its contract

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

New Consumer Reports Analysis Shows Near-Freeze of Fuel Economy Rules Would Cost Consumers $300 Billion

(Consumer Reports)  Rolling back fuel economy requirements down to 1.5% annual increases would raise net cost per vehicle by $2,100  --  As the federal government reportedly moves closer to finalizing plans to weaken fuel economy and vehicle emissions standards, Consumer Reports

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Bombardier Reinforces Commitment to Environment and Receives First Shipment of Sustainable Aviation Fuel in Montreal

(Bombardier)  Aviation  -- -Avfuel Corporation supplied inaugural shipment of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) to be deployed to Bombardier customers upon aircraft delivery;  -Shipment represents another step in Bombardier’s commitment to secure long-term SAF supply, a key pillar of working toward

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Commerce Min Turns down US Proposal to Reduce Import Duty on Ethanol

by Preeti Bhagat and Sampad Nandy (Cogencis) he commerce ministry has turned down a request by the US to reduce the import duty on de-natured ethanol entering the country to protect the domestic sugar and potable industry, as well as farmers,

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

BP and Bunge Complete Formation of BP Bunge Bioenergia Joint Venture in Brazil

(BP Bunge Bioenergia/WebWire) BP and Bunge today announced that they have completed the formation of BP Bunge Bioenergia, the Brazilian bioenergy joint venture that combines their Brazilian bioenergy and sugarcane ethanol businesses The continued growth of biofuels will be a key enabler

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Wanted – Stronger Microbial Strains: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to NREL’s Biological Sugar Upgrades

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Microbial strains convert lignocellulosic sugars to fuel precursors, but Jeff Linger from National Renewable Energy Laboratory gave this illuminating presentation at the DOE’s BETO 2019 Project Peer Review that details how they are looking to

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Choice at the Pump: Measuring Preferences for Lower-Carbon Combustion Fuels

John P Helveston, Stephanie M Seki, Jihoon Min, Evelyn Fairman, Arthur A Boni, Jeremy J Michalek and Inês M L Azevedo (Environmental Research Letters)  A decarbonized future will require a transition to lower carbon fuels for personal transportation. We study

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Splitting the Molecule to Power the World: Hydrogen Digest’s Guide to Renewable Hydrogen Sources, Production and Uses

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) As the International Renewable Energy Agency observed of the next decades, “transport and industry will still require combustible fuels for many purposes,” and those “needs could be met with hydrogen, which itself can be produced using

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

From Waste Woody Biomass to Carbon Negative Transportation Fuels via CCUS

by Philipp Stratmann (Velocys/Biofuels Digest) At this year’s ABLC Next Conference in San Francisco Velocys presented on the opportunity to produce negative emission fuels at our planned Bayou Fuels facility in Natchez, Mississippi. Whilst we were not the only company presenting on

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Voting Opens for the 50 Hottest Companies in the Advanced Bioeconomy 2020

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Out of thousands of eligible organizations, who will make the Hot 50– who will get your vote?  In Florida, The Digest announced the official opening of voting for the 50 Hottest Companies in the Advanced Bioeconomy

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

2020 Iowa Renewable Fuels Summit --- January 16, 2020 --- Altoona, IA

Empower! Promote! & Advocate! for Biofuels at the 2020 Iowa Renewable Fuels Summit! January 16, 2020 at Prairie Meadows Conference Center in Altoona, Iowa 7:30 a.m. – 3:30 p.m. In the face of policy uncertainty and an ever-evolving energy landscape, biofuels

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Climate Strike --- December 6, 2019 --- various locations

With the consequences of climate change becoming ever more clear and dire with each passing day, a new powerful wave of the climate movement has been swelling up over the last couple of years. Young people around the world have

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Sludge Tanker Powered by Biomethane Completes Successful UK Trial

(Bioenergy Insight)  A sludge tanker powered by bio-CNG (compressed natural gas) from CNG Fuels has completed a successful trial with UK firm GENeco, Wessex Water’s renewable energy company. The truck runs on 100% renewable and sustainable biomethane which is derived

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Discover Europe’s Market Roll-out of Advanced Renewable Fuels --- March 25, 2020 --- Munich/Straubing, Germany

Latest ADVANCEFUEL insights about the market uptake of advanced renewable fuels and visit Clariant's sunliquid® plant   ---  About this Event:  Transportation is the only sector in Europe where carbon emissions just keep on increasing. In 2016, the transportation sector globally

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

CA Air Resources Board Public Workshop to Discuss Potential Amendments to the Regulation on the Commercialization of Alternative Diesel Fuels --- December 13, 2019 --- Sacramento, CA

(California Advanced Biofuels Alliance) The public workshop to discuss potential amendments to the Regulation on the Commercialization of Alternative Diesel Fuels (ADF) has been postponed to December 13, 2019.  Staff had initially targeted a release of proposed amendments to be considered at the

December 02, 2019 Read Full Article

Applications Being Accepted for ACS Summer School on Green Chemistry & Sustainable Energy DEADLINE: January 24, 2020

(ACS)  July 7-14, 2020,  Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado Applications for 2020 are now open.APPLY NOW Apply by January 24, 2020 to be Considered for the Class of 2020. The application window will close at 11:59 p.m. (applicant’s local

December 02, 2019 Read Full Article

Applications Being Accepted for Heh-Won Chang, PhD Fellowship in Green Chemistry DEADLINE: January 5, 2020

(ACS)  The Heh-Won Chang, PhD Fellowship in Green Chemistry provides financial support to full-time graduate students conducting research in green chemistry. The funds may be used for any purpose, including conference travel, professional development, and living expenses, while the recipient

December 02, 2019 Read Full Article

European ECO-GATE Project Starts Injection and Supply of Biomethane

(ECO-GATE/NGV Journal) The European ECO-GATE Consortium, co-financed by the European Union and led by NEDGIA, the gas distributor of the Naturgy group, has initiated test injection and distribution of the renewable gas generated at the Butarque wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in

December 02, 2019 Read Full Article

Biomass Fuels and Biofuels in Germany Report Published

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  In Germany, the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE) published their 8th annual report on the evaluation and progress of biomass fuels and biofuels in Germany, and also on the flow of goods to other countries.

December 02, 2019 Read Full Article

After Five-Month Road Test, B30 Implementation Gets Green Light

by Norman Harsono (Jakarta Post) Biodiesel industry stakeholders have completed a five-month road test, whereby 11 vehicles were driven up to 50,000 kilometers using 30 percent blended biodiesel (B30), as the government is set to mandate the biofuel usage starting early

December 02, 2019 Read Full Article

Air Leap Is Partnering with the Fly Green Fund for a Greener Domestic Flight

(Fly Green Fund (Google Translation)) As a relatively new entrant to the Swedish market, Air Leap has quickly become very important for the places around Sweden, Norway, Åland and Finland that they operate. These locations are heavily dependent on good air connections

December 02, 2019 Read Full Article

Reducing Toxic Aromatics: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to High Octane Low Carbon Ethanol

Ethanol is better for your health and “What a difference a year makes.” That’s what Douglas Durante, Executive Director of Clean Fuels Development Coalition told the audience recently at the World Ethanol and Biofuels conference in Brussels. The latest on

December 02, 2019 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Hydrogen Fuel Cell Aircraft

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  As Hüseyin Turan Arat of İskenderun Technical University and Meryem Gizem Sürer observed in a recent paper, “With the increasing world population and the energy consumption, the aviation industry has led the technology and researches to

December 02, 2019 Read Full Article
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condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel clean fuel production tax credit Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization defossilize Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine internal combustion engine/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets 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power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable diesel pipelines Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/RED III) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) REnova RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program Republic of Congo repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment Reverse Water-gas Shift RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron Ricardo rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solaris solid oxide fuel 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