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Renewable Chemicals and Materials: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Praj’s Bioeconomy Perspective

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Praj Industries recently added renewable chemicals and materials to their portfolio of products going beyond biofuels and their Executive Chairman Dr. Pramod Chaudhari shared this illuminating presentation at ABLC Digital on the India story, the

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Lithium Ion Battery Waste Used in Biodiesel Production from Discarded Vegetable Oil

(Tech Xplore/American Institute of Physics)  ...  Brazilian researchers demonstrated a new chemical approach for producing biodiesel from domestic cooking oil waste by using hydroxide lithium mixed with either sodium hydroxides or potassium hydroxides as catalysts. Their work, published in the Journal of Renewable and

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Euglena Starts up Integrated Biofuels Isoconversion Unit in Japan

(Fuels and Lubes Daily) Chevron Lummus Global (CLG) and Applied Research Associates, Inc. (ARA) announced the successful startup of Euglena Co., Ltd.’s integrated Biofuels Isoconversion unit in Yokohama, Japan. CLG is a joint venture between Chevron and Lummus Technology. The 5 barrel per day

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Converting Ethanol to Butanol: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalyxx’s Ethanol Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Initially developed by Abengoa, Catalyxx has exclusive rights for a technology to convert ethanol efficiently into butanol and higher alcohols and aims for the production of high-value renewable chemicals from ethanol. The chemical process is based on

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Discovery Yields Road Map to Oxygenated Hydrocarbon Production

by Mark E. Griffin (Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center) ... Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center scientists are enamored with one particular kind of long chain fatty acid, called furan fatty acid, because it could substitute for petroleum-based products including fuel,

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World’s Largest Green Hydrogen Project Will Use Haldor Topsoe Ammonia Technology

(Haldor Topsoe) A $5 billion dollar green hydrogen production facility to be sited in NEOM, Saudi Arabia, will include Topsoe’s proven ammonia technology. The planned green ammonia loop will be the world’s largest on a par with the Gulf Coast

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Ethanol’s Dynamic Duo -- Ethanol Producer Awards: Collaboration of the Year to ICM Inc. and The Andersons

by Tom Bryan (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  A year after bringing their showcase plant online, the partnership between ICM Inc. and The Andersons remains poised to bear fruit. Element LLC features selective milling and fiber separation alongside a unique corn fiber-to-ethanol

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New Process Turns Carbon into Cleaner, High-Performance Diesel Biofuel Blendstock

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory/Phys.org) A new single-phase catalyst that enables the conversion of renewable and waste carbon into sustainable diesel fuels has been developed through a unique collaboration between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and two U.S. Department of Energy

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IIT Guwahati Researchers Make Biofuel from Non-Edible Seeds

(Times of India)  The Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IIT-G) researchers have developed methods to produce biofuels from non-edible seeds. ... As plants and trees found in India, such as peela kaner, mahua, gulmohar, neem, rain tree, castor and kusum produce seeds that

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Department of Energy Selects Three Projects to Increase Industry Access to High-Performance Computing Capabilities

(U.S. Department of Energy) Today, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) selected three projects to receive approximately $1 million in funding to leverage the unique computational capabilities at DOE’s National Laboratories. The projects will address technical challenges in bioenergy feedstock

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A ‘Made in Oman’ Biofuel

by Conrad Prabhu (Oman Observer)  ... New research spearheaded by an Omani scientist and her team has uncovered the potential to harness high-quality biodiesel fuel from these (date) pits. Indeed, a pilot study funded by Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) has

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Navy Biofuel Breakthrough Could Mean Cheaper, More Efficient Travel

(TechLink Center) ... But scientists at the Naval Air Warfare Center’s Weapons Division have developed and secured a newly issued patent on a unique form of biofuel that is derived from more sustainable crops while providing higher quality ratings than comparable

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Microbes Pave Way for Green Flight

by Irini Angelidaki (Technical University of Denmark)  ... “Soon bacteria, yeast, and fungi will become the factories that produce not only fuel, but also a wide range of chemicals, plastics, and even proteins,” says Professor Irini Angelidaki, DTU Environment. An important realization

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E-Fuels Can Replace Fossil Fuels

by Ib Chorkendorff (Technical University of Denmark)  The aircraft, ships, and lorries of the future must be powered by e-fuels—fuels produced partly from captured CO2—and partly from hydrogen produced by the splitting of water. ... According to the physics professor’s vision,

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Biogas into Methanol in a Container

by Philip Loldrup Fosbøl (Technical University of Denmark) Sustainable fuel has moved a big step closer with a new demonstration plant that can convert biogas into the liquid fuel methanol.  Currently, biogas is either incinerated to provide electricity and heat—or

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More Biofuel from Same Amount of Biomass

by Peter Vang Hendriksen (Technical University of Denmark) It is possible to produce much more biofuel from the same amount of biomass by combining electrolysis with biomass gasification.  --  In the Synfuel project, the researchers have succeeded in combining two known technologies

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Aerion Supersonic and Carbon Engineering Join Forces to Deliver Carbon Neutral Supersonic Travel

(Carbon Engineering)  Supersonic aircraft company, Aerion, the leader in supersonic technology and global mobility, and Carbon Engineering Ltd. (CE), a leading Direct Air Capture (DAC) company, today announced they are working together to develop solutions for carbon neutral supersonic air travel.  The

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Brazil's Petrobras Develops a Greener Diesel than Biodiesel

(La Opinion de Murcia) Company claims it emits less gas and improves engine performance  -- Brazilian oil company Petrobras announced on Tuesday that it has successfully completed the tests of the results of a diesel that it developed from vegetable

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On a Molecular Level: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Checkerspot’s Microbes to Products

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  A company that designs materials at a molecular level by optimizing microbes to biomanufacture unique structural oils discovered in nature, but not previously accessible commercially, is what Checkerspot is all about. Check out their Slide Guide from

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Renewable Diesel Has a Bright Future: NextChem and Saola Energy Partnership Will Help Feedstock Suppliers of All Sizes Take Full Advantage of It

(NextChem/Biofuels Digest) ... Innovation within the transportation industry is necessary to combat climate change and while electrification provides compelling opportunities for reducing carbon emissions in the light-duty vehicle fleet, in heavy duty applications (trucking, aviation, marine, etc) biofuels remain the

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Scientists from Russia and Germany to Develop New Biotechnology Using Algae

(Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University/EurekAlert!)  Project to create a resource and CO2-neutral energy closed-loop technology from microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana and duckweed Lemna minor. -- Researchers of Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University(SPbPU) in collaboration with Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) completed an international joint

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Qatar University, MME Work on Biofuels for Sustainable & Clean Energy Sources

(The Peninsula) In cooperation between Qatar University (QU) and the Ministry of Municipality and Environment (MME), a joint research team worked on the scientific project aiming to address the main challenges represented by lack of cleaning, renewable energy globally and the

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Odia Scientist-Led Team Develops Tech for Producing Biofuel

by Sudhir Mishr (The Pioneer) The present scenario calls for production of biofuels using green technology.  The term biofuel is referred to as liquid or gaseous fuels that are predominantly produced from biomass. Biofuels are important because they can replace petroleum

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5 Ways to Reduce Costs in Integrated Biorefineries: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Enabling Lower-Cost Biofuels

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) just released a new report that outlines five specific, yet broadly applicable, areas of focus to reduce costs in an integrated biorefinery. This analysis builds upon ongoing R&D strategies to lower

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Department of Energy Selects New Projects to Accelerate Innovation and Growth in the Biomanufacturing Sector

(U.S. Department of Energy) Today, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced the selection of eight projects totaling over $5 million to conduct research and development (R&D) needed to accelerate the US biomanufacturing sector. Part of the Agile BioFoundry (ABF) consortium, these

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Bioenergy Technologies Office 2019 R&D State of Technology

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) funds research and development (R&D) on technologies necessary for the deployment and production of costcompetitive bioenergy, primarily biofuels. Results of experimental efforts are periodically compiled and compared

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Heard on the Floor at Day 3 of ABLC: 2,834 Attendees, Food, Fuel, Fun at ABLC Digital

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) These days hanging out with friends online chatting about food, fuel, fiber, and more is certainly a great way to spend the day.  Once again, a day full of content on day 3 of ABLC Digital

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Policy and Investment Failures Doomed the Biofuel Revolution

by Todd Woody (Bloomberg Green)  To reignite the industry, biofuels need the type of government incentives that allowed solar and wind companies to flourish, analysts say. -- ... Technology from Honeywell’s subsidiary UOP had refined the camelina into renewable jet fuel,

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Chesapeake Utilities, CleanBay Renewables Partner to Produce RNG

by Matthew Mercure (NGT News) Chesapeake Utilities Corp. has entered a new partnership with CleanBay Renewables Inc., an enviro-tech company focused on the production of sustainable renewable natural gas (RNG), that will generate greenhouse gas credits associated with vehicular usage and provide Chesapeake

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Praj Strides into the Next Frontier of Bioeconomy

(Praj)  Speaking at a plenary session of Advanced Bioeconomy Leadership Conference (ABLC) 2020 Digital that is underway, Dr. Pramod Chaudhari, Executive Chairman, announced Praj's foray into the global Renewable Chemicals and Materials (RCM) industry. ABLC 2020 Digital is an annual

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Researchers Find Way to Improve the Production of Renewable Biofuels and Bioproducts

by Liz Gyekye (BioMarket Insights) Researchers at the US-based Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have used neutron scattering and supercomputing to better understand how an organic solvent and water work together to break down plant biomass, creating a

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Upgrading Biogas to Renewable Natural Gas: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Greenlane Renewables

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The transportation and utility/pipeline industries are ripe for decarbonizing and Greenlane Renewables are using their conversion of low-grade biogas to high-value renewable natural gas to decarbonize the natural gas grid and commercial transportation. RNG happens to be

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Heard on the Floor at Day 2 of ABLC: 1325 Attendees, Sideline Chat of ABLC Digital

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) Biogas, carbon, renewable diesel, biodiesel, methane, hydrogen, and many new markets, innovations, technologies, novel crops, and more were the talk of the day. On day 2 of ABLC Digital it was chock full of content from

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New Biojet Fuel Could Be a Viable Alternative to Fossil Fuel

by Maegan Murray (Washington State University Tri‑Cities) A Washington State University Tri-Cities researcher is producing and testing a group of hydrocarbon molecules made from lignin, a waste material from biofuel production, as a new biojet fuel that could replace petroleum-based fuels

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Technoeconomic and Life-Cycle Analysis of Single-Step Catalytic Conversion of Wet Ethanol into Fungible Fuel Blendstocks

John R. Hannon, Lee R. Lynd, Onofre Andrade, Pahola Thathiana Benavides, Gregg T. Beckham, Mary J. Biddy, Nathan Brown, Mateus F. Chagas, Brian H. Davison, Thomas Foust, Tassia L. Junqueira, Mark S. Laser, Zhenglong Li, Tom Richard, Ling Tao, Gerald

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Explore a Collection of National Laboratory-Developed Models and Tools for Bioenergy Analysis.

(U.S. Department of Energy) This website provides researchers interested in bioenergy and bioeconomy analysis with an inventory of bioenergy and bioproducts models and tools, key information about each model, and an interactive display of relationships among models. This bioenergy models collection highlights

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Alliance BioEnergy Begins Testing 4th Gen Prototype of its Revolutionary Green Renewable Energy Technology

(Alliance BioEnergy/WallStreetOnline) Alliance BioEnergy Plus, Inc. (PINK: ALLM).Alliance BioEnergy Plus Inc., is pleased to announce that its 4th generation Cellulose-to-Sugar (“CTS”) prototype is now completed and installed in our lab. Testing is in preparation and will begin this week. This 4th

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Valero & Diamond Green Diesel Joint Venture: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Renewable Diesel

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Diamond Green Diesel is North America’s largest renewable diesel plant, Valero is the largest renewable fuels producer in North America, and Darling Ingredients is the world’s largest independent processor of animal by-products, according to this illuminating

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Working Toward a Circular Economy in Challenging Times – The Chemical Recycling Solution

by Philippa Davies (Orbichem) ... The World Economic Forum has reported that the COVID-19 pandemic must make us look again at the problem of plastic waste and the circular economy as single-use plastics disposal grows along with the spread of the

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Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed by the City of Calgary with Steeper Energy Canada Ltd.

(Steeper Energy Canada)  The City of Calgary “The City” and Steeper Energy Canada Ltd. (“Steeper Energy”) are pleased to announce a new cooperation agreement, by way of an MoU, regarding the future transformation of The City’s sewage sludge and other

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Gingko Bioworks Case Study: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Digital Transformation of Chemicals & Materials

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) “Making money in chemicals and materials isn’t as easy as it once was,” – according to the latest report from Lux Research, partially because consumer expectations are changing and sustainability of the materials developed is key.

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Competitive Edge: REN Energy International

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Objective is to sustainably meet the legislated demand in British Columbia for renewable fuels. We will utilize the waste wood available to produce renewable natural gas (RNG) that will displace fossil natural gas in the

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Department of Energy Selects Seven Projects to Accelerate Adoption of Performance-Advantaged Biofuels

(U.S. Department of Energy) Today (July 2, 2020), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced the selection of seven projects totaling $1.94 million to conduct research and development to accelerate the adoption of performance-advantaged biofuel blendstocks. These fuels are derived from

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Jet Fuel from Junk

by Pamela Gregg  (University of Dayton Research Institute) ... ASTM International has approved the use of a synthetic oil derived from municipal waste in the manufacture of jet fuel at petroleum refineries. The co-processing of “syncrude” with petroleum at the refinery

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Engineers Find Neat Way to Turn Waste Carbon Dioxide into Useful Material

by Lachlan Gilbert (University of South Wales Sydney Newsroom)  Making catalysts to convert waste carbon dioxide into useful industrial products has been expensive and complicated – until now. UNSW engineers show it’s as easy as playing with Lego.  -- Chemical engineers

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CSI’s 2040 Blueprint for Pacific Northwest: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Clean Materials from Waste

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This slide guide offers a vision and roadmap — a ‘blueprint’ — for the Pacific Northwest to transform its increasingly outdated solid waste management system by 2040, at a time when waste leaders are grappling with

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Anellotech Secures Funds to Develop Innovative Plas-TCat™ Plastics Recycling Technology from R Plus Japan, a New Joint Venture Company Launched by 12 Cross-Industry Partners within the Japanese Plastic Supply Chain

(Annellotech) Sustainable technology company Anellotech has announced that R Plus Japan Ltd., a new joint venture company, will invest in the development of Anellotech’s cutting-edge Plas-TCat™ technology for recycling used plastics. R Plus Japan was established by 12 cross-industry partners within

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DOE to Invest in Advancement of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell R&D DEADLINE July 31, 2020

by Michael Bates (NGT News)  The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has revealed its intention to invest up to $100 million over five years in two new DOE National Laboratory-led consortia to advance hydrogen and fuel cell technologies research and development (R&D).

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CUHK Scientists Develop a Novel Technology for Generating Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production

(Asia Today) A research team from the School of Life Sciences at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) has developed a novel method for extracting enzymes from bacteria, which lowers the production cost yet improves the enzyme’s stability. It also

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Digging into Dung and Anaerobic Digestion: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Biogas and RNG from Manure

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) On last week’s DigestConnect webinar, Christopher Bush, Founder of Canada-based Catalyst Agri-Innovations Society shared this fun and informative slide guide complete with poop pictures and more importantly, the reason why cow manure and farm waste

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Petrobras Set for New Gasoline Specs, Will Test Renewable Diesel Production at REPAR

by Robert Brelsford (Oil & Gas Journal) ... Lara (Anelise Lara, Petrobras’s director of refining and natural gas) also said that, starting in July, Petrobras will begin carrying out production tests for renewable diesel at its 208,000-b/d Presidente Getúlio Vargas (REPAR)

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The Competitive Edge: Drystill Holdings Inc.

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  ... Drystill invented a low temperature low energy distillation technique. While beneficial in a many industrial sectors, it has can be particularly helpful in reducing capital and operating costs in the biofuel industry. The technology

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Towards a Green Future: Efficient Laser Technique Can Convert Cellulose into Biofuel

(Tech Xplore/Tokyo University of Science)  ... The plant-based polymer cellulose is the most abundant form of biomass globally and can be converted into raw materials such as glucose and xylose for the production of bioethanol (a type of biofuel). But

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Energy Transition in Times of Coronavirus: A Challenge and an Opportunity

by Pierroberto Folgiero (NextChem/Biofuels Digest)  ... The challenge today is to plan an industrial recovery which must be rapid but durable at the same time and prepare the industry to reduce risks and economic losses deriving from pollution and climate changes, with their

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Renewable Fuels Expansion: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Gevo’s Next-Gen Renewable Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Gevo is developing a platform to fund expansion projects in the next phase of its unique, next generation renewable fuels business. Their commercial-scale facilities are converting agricultural, forestry and other feedstocks to high value, low

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Neste Develops New Solutions to Decrease the Use of Crude Oil and Increases Research and Development in Finland

(Neste)  Neste launches a new research project which aims at developing sustainable and globally scalable raw materials and technology solutions for transportation fuels and the production of chemicals and polymers. These new solutions decrease the use of crude oil and

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Clariant and Ineratec to Commercialize Renewable-Fuel Technologies

by Scott Jenkins (Chemical Engineering) Clariant (Muttenz, Switzerland; www.clariant.com) and Ineratec (Karlsruhe, Germany; www.ineratec.de) have entered into a partnership to develop and commercialize novel technologies for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. Clariant will provide its extensive catalysis expertise and broad portfolio

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Fiberight Plant Is Shut Down; Trash Sent to Landfill

by Kate Cough (Ellsworth American) Coastal Resources of Maine, the $70-million waste and recycling facility in Hampden, shut down in late May after an expected $14.7 million in funding fell through. The closure forced the 115 member towns that send their

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IIT Madras Researchers Use Agri Waste, Plastic to Make Biofuel

(The Hindu) Team develops microwave-assisted pyrolysis process to achieve the goal -- Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras have developed a microwave process to produce biofuel from plastic waste, rice straw and sugarcane bagasse. A team of three researchers

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Part 3 – A Third Pathway to Hydrogen: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Hydrogen from Biomass and Waste

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Ways2H shows us a third pathway towards energy decarbonization via waste to hydrogen. Check out this illuminating slide guide that looks at the need for hydrogen, renewable hydrogen production pathways, how biomass including municipal solid

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Turning Manure into Money

by Jim Morrison (Washington Post) When Randy Jordan, a fifth-generation dairy farmer in central Massachusetts, looked into turning manure from his 300 cows into natural gas more than a decade ago, he just wanted to find a way to lower his

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Profitable Growth Through Renewable Solutions: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Neste

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Everyone wants to dominate the world, right? But Neste wants to do it in a nice way by becoming the global leader in renewable and circular solutions. There are 3 ways they are working on this

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H2@Scale in Texas: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Part 1 of 3 Hot Hydrogen Multi-Slide Guides

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Part 1 of today’s Hot Hydrogen slide guides, Frontier Energy shares their H2@Scale vision, progress in Texas and why Texas is actually a pretty ideal location to lead H2 production for a sustainable energy

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Fugitive Methane, Eating Elephants, and Brewing Quarantine Ethanol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... We left the discussion with a hint about the potential conversion of methane to methanol, which can serve as a powerful chemical building block or, in China most prominently, as a fuel. We’ll pick up from that

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Nuclear Hydrogen Production’s Potential: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Part 2 of 3 Hot Hydrogen Multi-Slide Guides

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Part 2 of today’s Hot Hydrogen slide guides, Exelon shares this illuminating presentation that digs deep into their project to evaluate technical and economic feasibility of integrated nuclear-renewable-hydrogen plant operation, assess hydrogen market in region

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Hydrogen and Energy Storage: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Part 3 of 3 Hot Hydrogen Multi-Slide Guides

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Part 3 of today’s Hot Hydrogen slide guides, Southern Company’s Noah Meeks takes a look at how hydrogen mitigates multiple issues in a low-carbon transition, the valuation of hydrogen energy storage in a high

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Renewable Fuel from Carbon Dioxide with the Aid of Solar Energy

(Linköping University/EurekAlert!) Researchers at Linköping University, Sweden, are attempting to convert carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, to fuel using energy from sunlight. Recent results have shown that it is possible to use their technique to selectively produce methane, carbon monoxide or

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Key Hydrogen Projects, Players and Tech: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to The Digest’s Top 10 Hydrogen Horizons

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) How will we develop hydrogen for industrial and transport objectives? That is the question The Digest’s Jim Lane looks at in this visual slide guide highlighting the demand potential, background on renewable gases and renewable hydrogen,

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Advanced Biofuels USA Publishes Updated "What's the Difference between Biodiesel and Renewable (Green) Diesel?" Adds "What Renewable Fuels Can Be Used in Compression Ignition Engines?"

(Advanced Biofuels USA) Since 2011, one of Advanced Biofuels USA's most popular publications has been "What's the Difference between Biodiesel and Renewable (Green) Diesel?"  The update of this paper has been expanded to answer the question, "What Renewable Fuels Can

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Poop to Power – $30-40M Anaerobic Digestion RNG Deal between Bioenergy DevCo and Cheseapeake Utilities

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) Big project news came in that Chesapeake Utilities Corporation entered into an agreement with Bioenergy DevCo to purchase biogas generated from organic materials at BDC’s facilities in Delaware which will be processed into renewable

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New System for Widespread Availability of Green Hydrogen

(Alpha Galileo/Graz University of Technology)   Hydrogen researchers at Graz University of Technology, together with the Graz-based start-up Rouge H2 Engineering, have developed a cost-effective process for the decentralised production of high-purity hydrogen. As an alternative propulsion technology in the transport sector,

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New Canadian Bioethanol Plant Planned for Prince George Site

(Biofuels International)  The BC Hemp Corporation has revealed it will be building a $2 billion (€1.8 billion) biofuel plant on an industrial site in Prince George, British Columbia.  BC Hemp president Remi Balaj made the announcement during a live stream and

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How to Get Electricity from Algae: Developed at ETU "LETI"

(St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University)  Researchers from St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI" have developed a model of biofuel cell for electricity generation using cyanobacteria.  --  Nowadays, the engineering of environmentally friendly and renewable energy sources is one of the most important problems

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Scientists Develop New Chemicals Process to Recycle Bioplastics

(BioMarket Insight) The UK-based scientists at the Universities of Birmingham and Bath have developed what they describe as a “faster, more efficient way” of recycling plant-based bioplastics. The team has shown how their chemical recycling method not only speeds up the process,

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Corn-Powered Tomahawk Missiles Are Coming

by Kelsey D. Atherton (Forbes)  ... The process patented by Los Alamos uses a byproduct of ethanol production, letting America's love of fueling vehicles with corn fuel even more dangerous vehicles. ... The U.S. Navy pursued a cheaper, biofuel alternative for JP-10 for

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Lidl Switzerland Bets on Renewable Synthetic Gas for Mobility

(Empa/NGV Journal) By 2030, Lidl Switzerland wants to deliver its goods to all its stores without the use of fossil fuels. To achieve this goal, technological progress and cooperation between research, industry and the public authorities are essential. As part of

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DEM-COM: LanzaJet Takes off on Non-Stop Flight to Scale

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) After what could be considered a lengthy out-of-town tryout, LanzaJet is now officially launched as a LanzaTech spin-off — Suncor Energy and Mitsui & Co. are investing $15 million and $10 million, respectively, to establish the new venture.

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Minute Molecular Movements Might Lead to More Efficient Biofuel Cells

(Leiden University/Phys.Org)  Leiden researchers have found minute movements in the laccase enzyme. This discovery could lead to the development of much more efficient biofuel cells. Publication in Biophysical Journal. READ MORE Chemical exchange at the tri-nuclear copper centre of small laccase from

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Licella and Unnmukt Urja Sign MOU to Explore Rice Straw Residues to Biofuel Opportunity in India

(Licella)  India generates approximately 683 million tons of dry agricultural biomass every year. Biomass residues generated from rice crops account for approximately 178 million tons of this. The current practice to deal with rice straw residues (the waste biomass left behind

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The New and Improved Tomahawk Missile Now Runs on Corn

by Kyle Mizokami (Popular Mechanics) The new fuel blend uses feedstocks instead of petroleum in an effort to limit the military's dependence on fossil fuels.  -- Modern cruise missiles are powered by turbine engines running off JP-10. -Scientists at Los

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EPA Approves RFS Fuel Pathway for Biomass Gasification Project

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine) The U.S. EPA in May approved a fuel pathway under the Renewable Fuel Standard for a biomass gasification plant under development in McFarland, California, that will produce renewable natural gas (RNG) for sale into the transportation

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Two New Alternative Jet Fuel Production Pathways Approved

(Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative)  CAAFI is happy to announce the latest industry alternative jet fuel (AJF) Production Pathway approvals, and ASTM publication of: 1) A new ASTM D7566 alternative jet fuel production pathway: ASTM D7566 Annex A7 – Hydroprocessed Hydrocarbons

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ASTM Approves Pathway for Production of Microalgae-Based Sustainable Aviation Fuel Developed by Japan's IHI

(GreenAir Online)  Fuel standards organisation ASTM International has approved the seventh technology pathway for the production and use of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Annex A7 to ASTM’s SAF specification D7566 establishes approval for a type of synthesised paraffinic kerosene derived

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Leading Danish Companies Join Forces on an Ambitious Sustainable Fuel Project

(Ørsted)  Copenhagen Airports, A.P. Moller - Maersk, DSV Panalpina, DFDS, SAS and Ørsted have formed the first partnership of its kind to develop an industrial-scale production facility to produce sustainable fuels for road, maritime and air transport in the Copenhagen

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Q&A on Cellulosic Ethanol with Clariant

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) DigestConnect hosted a wildly popular webinar in late April with Clariant’s Head of Business Line, Biofuels & Derivatives at Clariant but there were so many fantastic audience questions we didn’t to, that we decided to follow

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World’s Biggest Green H2 Production Plant Will Fuel Stations in California

(SGH2/NGV Journal)  The global energy company SGH2 is bringing the world’s largest green hydrogen production facility to Lancaster, California. The plant will feature SGH2’s pioneering technology, which uses recycled mixed paper waste to produce “greener than green” hydrogen that reduces carbon

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SUNY Cobleskill Gasifier Wins $5.8M Grant to Reduce Wildfires

by Johan Sheridan (News10)  The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection awarded $5.8 million to the State University of New York at Cobleskill for its gasifier project, which turns combustible waste into a sustainable, clean-burning fuel. The grant supports creating a mobile

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Hydrogen is Hot in Australia! ARENA’s Funding for Hydrogen Continues: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Renewable Hydrogen Deployment

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Australian Renewable Energy Agency, or ARENA, has invested $1.48 billion in 513 projects since 2012, and of those approximately $50 million are across 28 hydrogen projects. A pathway to a renewable hydrogen industry has many benefits but

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Positive Results Achieved from NREL's Use of Industry-Relevant Ozone Treatment to Deconstruct Biomass

by Zia Abdullah (U.S. Department of Energy/National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Achieves high sugar yields with low enzyme loadings; Deconstructing Biomass with a Common Pulp and Paper Industry Method  -- Ozone treatment (aka "ozonolysis") of lignocellulose pulp is a widely practiced method for

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Oregon State University: Researchers Make Key Advance Toward Production of Important Biofuel

(The Register Guard) An international research collaboration has taken an important step toward the commercially viable manufacture of biobutanol, an alcohol whose strong potential as a fuel for gasoline-powered engines could pave the path away from fossil fuels, according to news

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Maryland Energy Innovation Institute (MEI2) Energy Seed Grants Awarded

(Maryland Energy Innovation Institute) The Maryland Energy Innovation Institute (MEI2) awarded the third round of their Energy Innovation Seed Grants to six projects across the University System of Maryland.  The grants are intended to bridge the gap between academic transformative laboratory research results

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Scrap to Wrap, a New App? NOVA, Enerkem Set Sights on Garbage-to-Ethylene, and How, and Why

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) From Canada comes news that NOVA Chemicals and Enerkem entered into a joint development agreement to explore turning non-recyclable and non-compostable municipal waste into ethylene, a basic building block of plastics. NOVA Chemicals has committed to enabling

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Flying with Sunlight

(Lufthansa Group) Lufthansa Group, ETH Zurich and its spin-offs Climeworks and Synhelion plan to cooperate in the field of Sustainable Aviation Fuels; The partnership initiated by SWISS and Edelweiss is intended to encompass collaboration in the areas of technology and economic

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Amid Oil Price Crash, a New Hope for Biofuels

by Tina Casey (Triple Pundit)  ... (T)there are reasons to be optimistic about the future of biofuels, as the field continues to evolve remarkably from where it was a decade ago. ... Rather than letting the rest of the plant go to waste, the

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Multi-Scale Structured Materials for Electrocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis

(Dresden University of Technology/Phys.Org)  As a new class of porous materials, noble metal aerogels (NMAs) have drawn attention for their self-supported architectures, high surface areas and their many optically and catalytically active sites, enabling impressive performance in diverse fields. However, current

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New Lords of Circular Carbon: ArcelorMittal, EU Complete Financing of Steelanol Project

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Brussels, the European Investment Bank, with the support of the European Commission, has granted a EUR 75 million (nearly $82 million USD) loan to ArcelorMittal for Steelanol, the EUR 165 million ($180 million USD)

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Velocys Receives further Backing for Waste-to-Fuels Project

(Biofuels International)  Velocys, the sustainable fuels technology company, has announced it has secured a further £1m funding for the Altalto waste-to-fuels project from British Airways and Shell. The proposed Altalto Immingham plant is to convert hundreds of thousands of tonnes

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A4A Applauds Approval of New Sustainable Aviation Fuel Pathway

(Airlines for America)  Number of Approved Pathways Grows to Seven  -- Airlines for America (A4A), the industry trade organization for the leading U.S. airlines, applauds the addition of a seventh annex to ASTM International’s sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) specification, D7566, which will further enable

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Millions in Australian Government Funding for Renewable Methane, Hydrogen, Solar Hydropower Projects

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) From the land down under arrives news of millions pouring in for renewable energy – $1.1 million (about $700K USD) funding pouring into renewable methane, $3 million (nearly $2 million USD) for building a world-first

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Sekab and Praj Industries in Collaboration to Accelerate a Green Transition

(Praj/Sekab E-Technology AB) Sekab E-technology AB and Praj Industries, India have signed a collaboration agreement in order to upgrade and commercialize technology solutions geared towards the production of sustainable biofuels and chemical products. Praj industries will through this collaboration help to

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From Open-Air Composting to Efficient Anaerobic Digestion

by Jim McMahon (Biomass Magazine)  After 35 years of open-air composting, Zurich’s recently-opened anaerobic digestion facility can process 25,000 tons of organic municipal solid waste annually, producing biogas for power generation and high-grade organic fertilizer.  --  Since 1978, the city

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Expert Workshop on HTL in Brussels

by Sigurd Koldste (Bio2Oil)  Back in late November, our CEO Ib Johannsen participated in an expert workshop on hydrothermal liquefaction in Brussels, Belgium. The workshop was hosted by five European research projects (HyFlexFuel, WASTE2ROAD, 4refinery, NextGenRoadFuels and Heat to Fuel) in collaboration with the Norwegian National Centre

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A Roadmap to the Ammonia Economy

by Tammy Klein (Future Fuel Strategies) Researchers at Monash University in Australia have proposed a roadmap to renewable ammonia being produced in the future at a scale that is significant in terms of global fossil fuel use in a paper recently published

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Solve Invasive Seaweed Problem by Turning It into Biofuels and Fertilisers

(University of Bath/Phys.Org) UK researchers have developed a cheap and simple way of creating biofuel and fertiliser from seaweed, whilst removing plastic from the oceans and cleaning up tourist beaches in the Caribbean and Central America. Millions of tonnes of rotting seaweed

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TU/e-led Consortium IDEALFUEL for the Development of Renewable Maritime Fuels Kicks off

(Eindhoven University of Technology)  EU-funded project aims to develop new production methods for sustainable maritime fuels.  -- Many ships use heavy fuel oils that contain large amounts of sulphur and nitrogen leading to the emission of greenhouse gases and other damaging

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Making Commodity Chemicals Requires Fossil Fuels. New Devices Could Do It with Renewables

by Robert F. Service (Science Magazine) As windmills and solar panels multiply, the supply of renewable electricity sometimes exceeds demand. Chemists would like to put the excess to work making commodity chemicals, such as the raw materials for fertilizer and plastics,

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Research Brief: Engineering Natural Selection in Microbes Has Implications for Biofuel Production, Addressing Antibiotic Resistance

(University of Minnesota) ... “So many other things change around a gene at the same time, you can’t focus on how a single gene changes,” said Michael Travisano, a professor in the University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences’ Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior and

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Jet Fuel, Isooctane Gasoline, Ethanol and Isobutanol: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Gevo’s Low Carbon Drop-In Transportation Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Gevo’s business strategy is to secure off take agreements for jet fuel and isooctane striking a price that gives attractive returns for project financing for large scale build out of capacity. But how? How will they

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Greasezilla Solves Worldwide (FOG) Processing Shortage with New System

(Greasezilla)  The new modular Greasezilla system expands its FOG separation system to serve large food processors, wastewater treatment centers and waste haulers requiring FOG separation systems to be placed at any large-scale collection point   -- Downey Ridge Environmental Company, developer of Greasezilla™,

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Converting Ethanol Plants to Alternative Protein Production: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to White Dog Lab’s Microbiome-Derived Proteins

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The Digest reported yesterday how White Dog Labs is giving a glimmer of hope to the ethanol industry by being able to convert ethanol production into alternative protein production thanks to their microbiome-derived biotech – and

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Biofuel for Ships: Diesel and Gasoline Sourced from Renewables

by Iris Kumpmann (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft/Tech Xplore)  ... Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT in Oberhausen have been looking into alternative climate-friendly fuels. They are now able to produce a renewable biofuel that can be converted

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Gene Edited Algae and Microbes to Make Fuel on Mars

by Brian Wang (Next BIG Future) NASA NIAC fund work to use bioorganisms to perform atmospheric in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). Utilizing 100% ISRU for propellant production, they aim to reduce the Entry Descent Landing (EDL) mass of a crewed mission to Mars

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From Food to Fuel – White Dog Labs Converts Ethanol Plant to Alternative Protein Production

 by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) ... White Dog Labs is starting to address the problem by bringing new markets to ethanol plants and corn farmers – starting with an ethanol plant in Minnesota and repurposing it for mass-production of alternative

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Professor’s Research on Creating Biofuel from Waste Published

(Guttman Community College) Assistant Professor of Science Dr. Jihyun Kim’s research on transforming brown grease into biodiesel fuel has been published in the Journal of Biochemical Engineering under the title “Biodiesel fuel production from brown grease produced by wastewater treatment plant: Optimization

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Competitive Edge: MetGen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... (W)e are driven to find renewable alternatives to oil-based products and chemicals. We believe that everything that is made from oil today, can be made of wood tomorrow. To fulfill our purpose, we had to

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Silicon-based DNA Synthesis: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Twist Bioscience’s DNA Writing

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) DNA is changing the world. That’s what Twist Biosciences is focusing on with synthetic DNA being the future of chemicals, food, therapeutics, diagnostics and even data storage. From next-gen sequencing to synthetic biology, Twist Biosciences envisions a

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Vale Male: Big Changes at the BioEnergy Technologies Office

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... If you’ve noticed that DOE is taking on a much more fundamental bit of science than we’ve seen in the past decade — a move away from catalyzing demonstrations and scale-up and towards more fundamental

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Harnessing Cellular Power to Meet Global Challenges

by Adam Hadhazy (Princeton University/Phys.Org)  ...More energy-dense and convenient for vehicle use than ethanol, the standard biofuel of today, isobutanol is unfortunately more toxic to yeast, which limits its production. In a study published in the journal Cell Systems, Avalos and

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UMES Researchers Win Energy Innovation Research Funding

by Cindy Chambers  (Salisbury Business Journal) Dr. Jurgen Schwarz, chair of the Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences and Dr. Sadanand Dhekney, associate professor of plant breeding and biotechnology, are recipients of an Energy Innovation Seed Grant awarded by the

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Researchers Make Key Advance toward Production of Important Biofuel

(Oregon State University/Phys.Org) An international research collaboration has taken an important step toward the commercially viable manufacture of biobutanol, an alcohol whose strong potential as a fuel for gasoline-powered engines could pave the path away from fossil fuels. The key breakthrough is

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Anaerobic Digestion and Farm Powered RNG: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Vanguard’s Renewable Natural Gas

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Cow poop. It’s a problem for farmers across the country, something that has to be dealt with, something that environmentalists and vegetarians often cite as a reason to cut your steak intake, but Vanguard Renewables

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Advanced Biofuel Reduces Carbon Emissions: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Clariant’s Sunliquid and Lignocellulosic Ethanol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Clariant takes us on a journey on how carbon emissions can be reduced by advanced biofuels, more specifically, how lignocellulosic ethanol made from agriculture residues like straw, non-food materials, and waste can make an immediate impact,

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Oberon Fuels Combats Covid-19 Economy with New Hires, Renewable DME Facility Upgrades

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  ... In comes news of public-private investments, rural economic development and employment, and even human health. With two new executive position veteran hires, up to 8 new plant managers, and putting to use a

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Recycling Technologies’ First Site in Europe Will Be Located at the Brightlands Chemelot Campus in the Netherlands

(Recycling Technologies) Recycling Technologies Ltd (‘Recycling Technologies’), a specialist plastic recycling technology provider and Brightlands Chemelot Campus, an innovation, research and technological growth hub announce today they have signed the first agreement towards the installation of Recycling Technologies’ first European plastic

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Renewable Hydrogen and Natural Gas 101: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Xebec’s Renewable Gas

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Xebec is reducing carbon emissions in the gas grid by accelerating the adoption of renewable gases, focusing on both renewable natural gas and renewable hydrogen. With a $100 million in order backlog that validates the

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Joint Evolution: Technology Providers Have Adapted Their Pretreatment Offerings as the Biodiesel Industry Evolved to Rely More on Waste Feedstocks, and as Renewable Diesel Emerges.

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  ... Markus Dielacher, CEO of BDI-BioEnergy International, says many companies offering pretreatment systems came from the vegetable oil side. “They started with clean feedstock and it worked,” he says. “We came from the other side,

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Converting Biomass Plant into RNG – Site Layout, Catalysts Requirements: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Low-Carbon Renewable Natural Gas from Wood Wastes – Part 1

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  California needs facilities that can dramatically reduce GHG emissions and black carbon production by using wood waste, according to GTI. The closing of biomass power plants is leading to open burning of the excess

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Fraunhofer IFF Researchers Design Green Hydrogen Factory

by Matthew Mercure (NGT News) Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF (Fraunhofer IFF) have designed a factory for the distributed and modular production and distribution of green hydrogen. While hydrogen provides an eco-friendly option to meet industry demand for

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Panda Poo, Ants and Slugs Could Be Key to the Green Fuel of Tomorrow

by Jesper Bruun (Aarhus University)  A new research project at Aarhus University will exploit millions of years of evolution to develop sustainable biofuels. Among other things, the solution lies in the digestive system of pandas.  -- By imitating natural biological degradation

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From Concept to Commercial Operation: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to How to Successfully Commercialize Novel Proteins

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  “There is no substitute for a fully integrated pilot process,” said Mark Warner in this illuminating presentation on how to get from concept to commercialization for novel proteins. But what are the economic implications of

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From Weeds to Wealth – Researchers Discover Simple Method to Make Valuable Levulinic Acid and Cement Additive from Hemp Waste

by Noppadon Sathitsuksanoh (University of Louisville/Biofuels Diges)  In Kentucky, Louisville scientists add value to solid wastes from the hemp product industry. Their research exploits a simple process that transforms the waste into levulinic acid, a valuable chemical and a cement

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MAGE – Multiplex Automated Genome Engineering Generates Billions of Variants: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to enEvolv’s Genome Engineering

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) enEvolv produces biobased chemicals for the energy, specialty chemicals, nutrition and therapeutics industries, develops novel strains and improves existing ones focusing on their ultra-rapid genome engineering platform. Marco Farsheed, enEvolv’s Co-Founder and CEO shared this illuminating presentation

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Carbios Clearing the Bottleneck – Enzymatic Recycling Tech Hits 90% Depolymerization in 10 Hours

by HelenaTavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) ...News arrived from France that Carbios has made quite a leap forward on breaking down and recycling plastic bottles thanks to their enzymatic recycling technology leading the way to recycle plastic bottles not into clothing or carpet,

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Alliance BioEnergy Building Next Generation Prototype towards Commercialization of Its Revolutionary Green Renewable Energy Technology

(Alliance BioEnergy/Globe Newswire) Alliance BioEnergy Plus, Inc. (PINK: ALLM). Alliance BioEnergy Plus Inc., is pleased to announce that it has finalized the design and is building its new 4th generation “Cellulose-to-Sugar” (“CTS 2.0”) prototype. The Company has received funding from a couple of

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Bringing Green Hydrogen to Market

by Sandra Enkhardt (PV Magazine Germany) Uniper plans to use its gas power plants and storage facilities for green hydrogen.   -- Siemens and the Uniper fossil fuels business spun out of German energy giant E.on have been working together for

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The Latest Developments on Powering Our World with Grass, Twigs, and Other Green Waste

by Michael Timko (Worcester Polytechnic Institute/Biofuels Digest)  ... But, the food left on our plates is energy dense, rich in starches, lipids, and other components, all begging to be made into biofuels. After years of development, bioenergy costs remain too

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Lignin Research Yields Additional Answers into Bacteria's Role

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory/Phys.Org)  A collaboration between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and three other national laboratories has yielded new insight into the ability of bacteria to break down the hardy part of a plant known as lignin. The additional

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Ductor to Build Three Biogas Facilities in Poland Utilising Poultry Waste

(Bioenergy Insight) Finnish-Swiss biotech company Ductor is building three combined biofertiliser-biogas facilities in northern Poland. The new facilities will be built in Poland's Zachodniopomorskie region, approximately 100km off the coast of the Baltic Sea. The plants will use 100% poultry waste

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Methanol as a “Future-Proof” Fuel

by Tammy Klein (Future Fuels Strategies)  ... Recently, I wrote a primer for the Methanol Institute entitled, Methanol: A Future-Proof Fuel. Polygeneration, the ability to scale efficiently and cost-effectively, its versatility in so many products and applications including transportation fuels, its

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Water Splitting Advance Holds Promise for Affordable Renewable Energy

(Science Daily/Washington State University)  A team has developed a less expensive water electrolysis system that works under alkaline conditions but still produces hydrogen at comparable rates to the currently used system that works under acidic conditions and requires precious metals.

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Bio-Based Chemicals: A 2020 Update

Ed de Jong, Heinz Stichnothe, Geoff Bell and Henning Jørgensen (EIA Bioenergy) Since the first issue of the IEA Bioenergy Task 42 report on bio-based chemicals in 2011, the importance of a circular economy has become evident. In the transition to

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Bioenergy Retrofits for Europe’s Industry – Handbook Published

(Netzwerk Biotreibstoffe) The BIOFIT consortium has now published a handbook on “Technical options for retrofitting industries with bioenergy”. The handbook includes arguments for retrofitting, describes the retrofitting process and its impact on public perception, summarizes the European biomass potential and logistics

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Plastic-Eating Bacteria Could Be Small Step toward Tackling World's Pollution Crisis

by Scottie Andrew (CNN) ... Now scientists discovered a strain of bacteria, the first of its kind, that can degrade the harmful compounds in polyurethane products -- a positive step toward reducing the amount of plastic pollution in the environment. The findings were published

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Bits of the Batch: Researchers Use New Molecular Biology Tools to Identify Inhabitants of Ethanol Plant Bacterial Communities.

by Lisa Gibson (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Lactic acid bacteria cells grow and reproduce much more quickly than yeast cells do, consuming the nutrients meant for the yeast in fermentation and producing organic acids instead of ethanol at a molecule ratio of

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Upgrading Biomass with Selective Surface-Modified Catalysts

(Brookhaven National Laboratory/Phys.Org)  Scientists have designed a catalyst composed of very low concentrations of platinum (single atoms and clusters smaller than billionths of a meter) on the surface of titanium dioxide. They demonstrated how this catalyst significantly enhances the rate

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GasTechno and INFRA to Commercialize Integrated Gas-to-Liquides Production System

(GasTechn0/EIN Presswire) Gas Technologies LLC and INFRA Synthetic Fuels, Inc combine technologies to convert natural gas and renewable natural gas into low carbon renewable fuels.  --  Gas Technologies LLC ("GasTechno"), and INFRA Synthetic Fuels, Inc., ("INFRA"), have invested $USD 100MM

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The Secret Sauce: Industry Partnerships Key to Advancing Bio-Based Chemicals and Fuels

by Asanga Padmaperuma (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) ... Today, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Laboratories study the development of chemicals and fuels with the use of cost-effective, renewable carbon sources, while working closely with the bioenergy industry. In support of the

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Pandas, Slugs and Ants Hint at Shortcut to Greener Biofuel

by Thin Lei Win (Thomson Reuters Foundation)   ... Scientists believe the animals’ unique ability to break down tough plant material, including bamboo, could provide clues to ramping up production of plant-based biofuels, one substitute for the fossil fuels that drive

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Path Finder: Pfleger Lab Uses Bacteria to Convert Biomass into Sustainable Chemicals

by Jason Daley (University of Wisconsin - Madison)  ... In addition to transportation fuels, petroleum is refined into hundreds of petrochemicals used in everything from plastics and pharmaceuticals to carpets and fertilizers, and currently there are no easy ways to produce

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ANDRITZ Successfully Starts up the World’s First Fossil-Free Biomethanol Plant at Södra, Sweden

(ANDRITZ) International technology group ANDRITZ has recently started up the world’s first biomethanol plant using ANDRITZ’s self-developed A-Recovery+ concept at the Södra Cell Mönsterås pulp mill in southeastern Sweden. The plant has an annual production capacity of 6.3 million liters of biomethanol

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Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Congressional Review Act Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cruise Ships Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi Customs and Border Protection cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping dual-fuel/flex fuel ships Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol hybrid methanol price Methanol-to-Gasoline Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Energy Council National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American Indian/First 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standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 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(REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel renewable naphtha-with-ethanol-t0-jet (NETJ) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) REnova RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program Republic of Congo repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment Reverse Water-gas Shift RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron Ricardo rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society 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taro Tasmania tax benefit tax credits tax incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy travel policy Treasury Department 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