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Advanced Biofuels USA: promoting the understanding, development and use of advanced biofuels around the world.

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How Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Is Making Its Way in the Aviation Sector

(Biofuels International) As part of the BIO4A project, SkyNRG will provide its valuable expertise in the sector to make BIO4A mission a reality: enabling the large-scale pre-commercial production of ASTM-certified

January 24, 2020 Read Full Article

Etihad Targets Net Zero Carbon Emissions by 2050 Following Commitment to Biofuels

(Biofuels International)  The United Arab Emirates’ national airline, Etihad Airways, has become the latest to commit to a minimum target of zero net carbon emissions by 2050. The airline plans

January 24, 2020 Read Full Article

Capture Carbon Dioxide to Reduce Climate Change

by John R. Snyder (Post Register)  …  That is, to reverse climate change, carbon dioxide currently in the atmosphere must be removed and new emissions of CO2 must stop. … Carbon

January 23, 2020 Read Full Article

EU Invests €11M in Nouryon-Led Green Hydrogen Project in the Netherlands

by Jim Lane (Hydrogen Digest) A consortium comprising Nouryon, Gasunie and four other partners will receive an €11-million European grant towards their proposed green hydrogen project in Delfzijl, the Netherlands. The

January 22, 2020 Read Full Article

The Letters of (Low Carbon) Transit: Business Aviation and World Energy Pard’ner up, Via Book & Claim

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  …  World Fuel Services and World Energy have a World Economic Forum Sustainable Aviation Fuel Program designed to increase SAF availability and supply chain efficiency within

January 21, 2020 Read Full Article

Alternative Biofuel Could Help Tackle Pollution Problems

by Priyom Bose (AZO Cleantech)  Recently, global warming and ways of preventing the effect of pollution in our environment, have been the most important topics of discussion. To reduce greenhouse

January 17, 2020 Read Full Article

Salmon Waste to Power Jet Airliners

by Vince McDonagh (Fish Farmer)  Waste from salmon farms in Norway may soon be used to power jet airliners – including those carrying seafood to Asia.  — Millions of kroner is

January 15, 2020 Read Full Article

Carbon Capture Technologies: Biomass Industry’s Unique Opportunity

by Jessie Stolark (Biomass Magazine/Carbon Capture Coalition)  Spurred by interest and growing recognition of the role biomass can play in mitigating climate change, project developers and policy makers are putting

January 14, 2020 Read Full Article

One Airport’s Path to Carbon Neutrality with SAF: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to San Francisco International Airport’s Sustainable Aviation Fuel

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  San Francisco International Airport has some lofty goals when it comes to zero net energy, zero waste and carbon neutrality, but it goes beyond that.

January 14, 2020 Read Full Article

From Woody Biomass to Renewable Fuels: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Red Rock Biofuels’ Lakeview Project

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Red Rock’s Lakeview site broke ground in July 2018 but what’s the status now? Just ask Red Rock’s Jeff Manternach, Co-founder and CFO, who gave

January 13, 2020 Read Full Article

At Sea-Tac Airport, Where Emissions Are Rising, Gov. Inslee Pitches Low-Carbon Fuel Standard

by Evan Bush (Seattle Times) Washington Gov. Jay Inslee on Friday promoted a statewide low-carbon fuel standard during a visit at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, saying the policy would increase access to

January 13, 2020 Read Full Article

Dems Tee up Climate Plans

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico’s Morning Energy)  The legislative framework that senior Democrats on the House Energy and Commerce Committee want to move this year to combat climate change calls for

January 9, 2020 Read Full Article

2020 Biodiesel Plant Map Reflections

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  Biodiesel Magazine highlights industry changes as discovered during the 2020 U.S. & Canada Biodiesel Plant Map data collection efforts.  … Naturally, one recurring theme that

January 9, 2020 Read Full Article

Shell Aviation Inks Deal to Supply Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Lufthansa in US Airport

by Madeleine Cuff (Business Green) Firm promises to develop ‘scalable supply’ of sustainable aviation fuels under new multi-year partnership with World Energy  —  Shell Aviation, the jet fuel arm of

January 7, 2020 Read Full Article

JetBlue Prepares Its Business for a New Climate Reality

(JetBlue) JetBlue to Go Carbon Neutral on All Domestic Flights by Offsetting Emissions Starting in 2020, Ramping up to Offset more than 15-17 Billion Pounds of CO2 Emissions Per Year;  JetBlue

January 7, 2020 Read Full Article

World’s 1st Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Powered Yacht, Hemp Airplane, Rock Snot to Biomaterials, Sisal-Based Thermal Insulation, and More: The Digest’s Top 10 Innovations for the Week of January 3rd

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The bioeconomy is kickstarting 2020 with a flurry of innovations, like a millennial entrepreneur who developed a method to convert invasive toxic algae commonly called “rock

January 3, 2020 Read Full Article

Welcoming an Age of Sustainable Flight

(Neste) Lufthansa’s Katja Kleffmann tells Satu Dahl how the airline is succeeding in its bid to make aviation greener. Globally, we are witnessing a surge in sustainability innovation—from new forms of

January 2, 2020 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 10 Top Advanced Bioeconomy Markets & Predictions for 2020

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A mere “The Year in Rewind” as we sail into 2020? Not the good ship Digest! Instead, we dust off our crystal ball and offer our

January 2, 2020 Read Full Article

World’s First Hemp Airplane Could Be Ten Times Stronger Than Steel

by Mark Horowitz (Anonymous News)  … Derek Kesek, the company’s founder, says that the hemp material that he made the airplane out of is 10 times stronger than steel. Kesek

January 2, 2020 Read Full Article

Cellulosic Biofuel Technology: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Mercurius Biorefining

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Reaching high is something Mercurius is familiar with, esp. with their REACH technology. Standing for renewable, acid-hydrolysis, condensation, hydrotreating, their REACH technology works at low temperature,

January 2, 2020 Read Full Article

Orange Peel, Rubbish and Fatbergs: The Fuels behind the Future of Green Transport: New Funding to Boost the Advanced Fuels Industry.

(U.K. Department for Transport, George Freeman MP, and The Rt Hon Grant Shapps MP)  Technological advances towards net-zero to be made through 4 new UK-based advanced biofuel plants; pioneering projects

December 31, 2019 Read Full Article

Carbon Recycling: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to LanzaTech’s CarbonSmart

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) LanzaTech is turning our global carbon crisis into a feedstock opportunity with the potential to displace 30% of crude oil use today and reduce global CO2

December 31, 2019 Read Full Article

50 Hottest Companies in the Advanced Bioeconomy for 2020

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Florida, the 2020 “50 Hottest Companies in the Advanced Bioeconomy” was published today, as voted by invited international Selectors and subscribers of The Digest, the

December 31, 2019 Read Full Article

A Planet on Fire: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Red Rock Biofuels’ Call to Action for Aviation Industry

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) “Facing catastrophic problems with the immediacy of wildfire and the sinister creeping of climate change is depressing. It is depressing enough to throw in the towel,

December 28, 2019 Read Full Article

Petrobras Accelerates Biofuels Exit

(Kallanish Energy) Brazilian state-run oil company Petrobras is seeking to accelerate its exit from the biofuels segment and has started the process to sell a large stake in BSBios Biodiesel, Kallanish Energy reports.  The

December 28, 2019 Read Full Article

Advanced Biofuels – Where Are the Gallons?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) From what is an advanced biofuel to why, we take a look at the gallons, the ethanol blend wall, the residue capacity, and over 30 advanced

December 27, 2019 Read Full Article

Autothermal Pyrolysis: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Rethinking Thermochemical Processing

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Iowa State University is working on fast pyrolysis, and Robert Brown, Director of the university’s Bioeconomy Institute looks at how their work is making us rethink

December 27, 2019 Read Full Article

Finnair Participates in a Feasibility Study on Power-to-X Pilot to Advance the Development of Carbon Neutral Synthetic Fuels

(Finnair) Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT in Finland and a group of companies, including Finnair, have started a feasibility study for a synthetic fuels pilot production plant. The intended industrial scale

December 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Pearson Fuels Partners with World Energy to Deliver an Advanced E85 Flex Fuel

(World Energy/PR Newswire)  Leading Low-Carbon Fuel Providers Offer the Market’s First and Only Ethanol and Renewable Naphtha Blend  —   Pearson Fuels, the largest distributor of E85 Flex Fuel in California, today

December 20, 2019 Read Full Article

First Joint Workshop — Five European H2020 Projects and the Norwegian National Centre Bio4Fuels : Potential of Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) Routes for Biofuel Production

(HyFlexFuel)  The first joined Expert Workshop took place on the 19th November 2019 in Brussels. Almost 100 participants attended, making the workshop very successful. A number of industry speakers, as well

December 20, 2019 Read Full Article

Air France Agrees SAF Initiative on Flights from San Francisco while KLM Buys Renewable Fuel from Neste

(GreenAir Online)  Airline group partners Air France and KLM have each entered into new commitments to purchase sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Air France and Shell have signed a memorandum of

December 20, 2019 Read Full Article

Technology Improvements Unlikely to Compensate for Emissions from Growth in European Flights, Says Eurocontrol

(GreenAir Online)  The European aviation industry has made big strides in improving its fuel efficiency, says Eurocontrol. However, it believes decarbonising aviation is arguably the greatest challenge facing the sector,

December 20, 2019 Read Full Article

Bombardier Delivers Aircraft Powered by Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Latitude 33 Aviation

(Biofuels International)  Airplane manufacturer Bombardier has announced that California, US-based private jet charterer Latitude 33 Aviation has taken delivery of the first customer aircraft to be powered by sustainable aviation

December 19, 2019 Read Full Article

Gulfstream’s Fleet Hits Sustainable Aviation Fuel Milestone

(Biofuels International)  Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation’s fleet has flown over one million nautical miles – or 1.85 million kilometres – on sustainable aviation fuel (SAF).  The company has used SAF for

December 19, 2019 Read Full Article

ICAO and IAF Sign MoU for the Provision of Verification Training for ICAO’s CORSIA

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Accreditation Forum (IAF) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the provision of training for ICAO’s Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme

December 19, 2019 Read Full Article

Delta Enters Offtake Agreement with Gevo for 10 Million Gallons Per Year of Sustainable Aviation Fuel, Creates Long-Term Carbon Solution

(Gevo) Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ:  GEVO) – Delta’s work to create a sustainable future continues with a long-term offtake agreement under which Delta will purchase 10 million gallons per year of advanced

December 18, 2019 Read Full Article

New Technology and Sustainable Fuels Result in 50% Drop in Passenger Carbon Emissions

(Biofuels International)  According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), carbon emissions per passenger have declined by over 50% since 1990.  Much of this improvement can be attributed to the

December 17, 2019 Read Full Article

Conversion Technologies: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to BETO’s Carbon-Based Fuels and Co-Products

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Why is working with biomass so challenging? Jonathan Male, Director at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) set out to answer that question

December 17, 2019 Read Full Article

When Negative Is Good – Carbon Negative: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Gevo’s Biojet Fuel

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Noone wants to be negative…unless they are talking about carbon negative of course. The aviation industry has been all abuzz about lowering their carbon footprints for

December 14, 2019 Read Full Article

The Kodak Moment: The World’s Airlines Consider Their Low-Carbon Options in an Era of Flight-Shaming

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … Now, the airlines were just about the first customers to clamor for advanced biofuels. In 2006, Richard Altman of the recently-formed Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels

December 14, 2019 Read Full Article

The Brave and the Innovative: History Maker Ulla Kiiski

(Neste) You may not have heard the name Ulla Kiiski. But the Finnish scientist’s breakthroughs in inventing renewable, non-fossil diesel are poised to go down in history. “Resilience against difficult odds

December 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Rare Algae Enzyme to Convert Cooking Oil into Ready-to-Use Biofuel

(Aarhus University/EurekAlert!)  Researchers have found an unusual, light-dependent enzyme in microalgae. A new project at the Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, will use the enzyme in a system to produce

December 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Britain, Brexit and the Bioeconomy: It’s Going to Be about Scoxit, Too

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … For sure, Britain has historic opportunities in the bioecononmy to take a leadership position by jettisoning the worst of the EU restrictions and adopting

December 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Opportunity for Aviation in Europe’s Green Deal

(International Air Transport Association) The International Air Transport Association (IATA) asked the European Union to support aviation’s energy transition to sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) as part of the bloc’s Green Deal,

December 11, 2019 Read Full Article

Neste to Supply KLM Additional Sustainable Aviation Fuel for Fights out of Schiphol

(Neste) KLM has purchased sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) for flights out of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. The sustainable fuel is produced by Neste from used cooking oil and will reduce CO2 emissions

December 11, 2019 Read Full Article

Airlines Get Ready for Jet Biofuel Take-Off in Norway

by Lefteris Karagiannopoulos  (Reuters)  Airlines are confident of having sufficient supplies of biofuel-infused jet fuel to comply with a Norway requirement which takes effect next year, although they warn of

December 11, 2019 Read Full Article

California’s Sustainable Aviation Effort: Biofuel

(CNN Business)  All United Airlines flights leaving Los Angeles International Airport benefit from a portion of renewable fuel, but for airlines to use biofuels at scale, governments will need to

December 10, 2019 Read Full Article

Algae Biofuel Market Competitive Research And Precise Outlook 2019 To 2025

(Market Watch/Market Insights Report)  The Algae Biofuel Market Perspective, Comprehensive Analysis along with Major Segments and Forecast, 2019-2025. The Algae Biofuel Market report is a valuable source of insightful data for business strategists.

December 9, 2019 Read Full Article

Cielo Gets Revised EPEA Permit for Aldersyde Waste to Renewable Fuels Refinery

by Helena Taveres Kennedy (Biofuels Digest/Cielo Waste Solutions) In Canada, Cielo Waste Solutions Corp. received notice from Alberta Environment and Parks that the requested changes to their permit were approved. The

December 9, 2019 Read Full Article

Biofuels Production and Consumption in Denmark: Status, Advances and Challenges

by Sune Tjalfe Thomsen and Henning Jørgensen (IEA Bioenergy Task 39 Newsletter)  1. Status of transportation biofuel industry in Denmark In Denmark, a considerable part of the total energy demand is

December 6, 2019 Read Full Article

Commercializing Conventional and Advanced Transport Biofuels from Biomass and Other Renewable Feedstocks; Focus on Sweden

by Mahmood Ebadian, Jim McMillan and Jack Saddler  (IEA Bioenergy Task 39 Newsletter)  …  Task 39’s main focus remains on drop-in biofuels for heavy duty transport, i.e., transport sectors where

December 6, 2019 Read Full Article

Air France Plans Flights to San Francisco Using SAF

(Biofuels International)  Air France is planning flights to San Francisco fuelled by sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The airline signed a memorandum of understanding with Shell, signalling their intent to fuel

December 5, 2019 Read Full Article

Fuel from MSW and Biomass: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Velocys’ Aviation Fuel

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) For 17 years, Velocys has been working on XTL projects and their FT technology has operated on syngas derived from natural gas, landfill gas, coal and

December 5, 2019 Read Full Article

How Policy Can Boost the Market Roll-Out of Renewable Fuels

(ADVANCEFUEL) Policy and governments set ambitious climate and energy targets for the transport sector both on EU level, such as the revised Renewable Energy Directive, and international level, such as the

December 4, 2019 Read Full Article

Biofuels Could Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions By 96%

by Steve Hanley (Clean Technica) There is nothing inherently wrong with internal combustion engines. The problem is the fuels we use to run them emit billions of tons of greenhouse gases

December 4, 2019 Read Full Article

Bombardier Reinforces Commitment to Environment and Receives First Shipment of Sustainable Aviation Fuel in Montreal

(Bombardier)  Aviation  — -Avfuel Corporation supplied inaugural shipment of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) to be deployed to Bombardier customers upon aircraft delivery;  -Shipment represents another step in Bombardier’s commitment to

December 3, 2019 Read Full Article

Wanted – Stronger Microbial Strains: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to NREL’s Biological Sugar Upgrades

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Microbial strains convert lignocellulosic sugars to fuel precursors, but Jeff Linger from National Renewable Energy Laboratory gave this illuminating presentation at the DOE’s BETO 2019

December 3, 2019 Read Full Article

Splitting the Molecule to Power the World: Hydrogen Digest’s Guide to Renewable Hydrogen Sources, Production and Uses

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) As the International Renewable Energy Agency observed of the next decades, “transport and industry will still require combustible fuels for many purposes,” and those “needs could

December 3, 2019 Read Full Article

From Waste Woody Biomass to Carbon Negative Transportation Fuels via CCUS

by Philipp Stratmann (Velocys/Biofuels Digest) At this year’s ABLC Next Conference in San Francisco Velocys presented on the opportunity to produce negative emission fuels at our planned Bayou Fuels facility in

December 3, 2019 Read Full Article

Air Leap Is Partnering with the Fly Green Fund for a Greener Domestic Flight

(Fly Green Fund (Google Translation)) As a relatively new entrant to the Swedish market, Air Leap has quickly become very important for the places around Sweden, Norway, Åland and Finland that

December 2, 2019 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Hydrogen Fuel Cell Aircraft

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  As Hüseyin Turan Arat of İskenderun Technical University and Meryem Gizem Sürer observed in a recent

December 2, 2019 Read Full Article

South African Airways Welcomes the Scaling Up of Sustainable Local Fuel Supply in South Africa

(South African Airways)   South African Airways (SAA) and its wholly-owned subsidiary and low cost carrier, Mango Airlines, made history in

November 29, 2019 Read Full Article

GARDN, SkyNRG, Waterfall Group and Vancouver Airport Authority Announce Launch of BioPortYVR

The Green Aviation Research and Development Network (GARDN), SkyNRG, Waterfall Group and Vancouver Airport Authority today (November 26, 2019) announced

November 29, 2019 Read Full Article

Spain’s Acciona Selected to Build HVO Plant in Paraguay

by Marcelo Teixeira (Reuters)  Spain’s engineering group Acciona SA was selected to build Latin America’s first plant to produce advanced biofuels

November 27, 2019 Read Full Article

Verdict’s in for Vertimass: Yep, It’s Commercially Viable

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  From California the jury’s come in for Vertimass. We received word of a paper in the Proceedings

November 27, 2019 Read Full Article

Shell Aviation to Support SkyNRG’s Dutch SAF Production Facility Development and Secures Fuel Purchase Option

(GreenAir Online) Shell Aviation has expanded its interests in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) development through an agreement to support SkyNRG’s DSL-01

November 26, 2019 Read Full Article

LanzaTech Moves Forward on Sustainable Aviation Scale Up in the USA and Japan

(LanzaTech) Carbon recycling pioneer, LanzaTech, continues to make strides in scaling up its alcohol to jet (ATJ) platform. Commercialization of the

November 26, 2019 Read Full Article

NuSeed Acquires Agrisoma Carinata Assets

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Louisiana, longtime industry executive Glenn Johnston said that NuSeed has acquired the carinata assets of Canadian

November 26, 2019 Read Full Article

EESI Submits Recommendations to House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis

(Environmental and Energy Study Institute) The Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) today submitted to the U.S. House of Representatives Select

November 25, 2019 Read Full Article

Oh So Sweet! Amyris’s Look at Farnesene Production from Sugars: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to MegaBio and Farnesene

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Amyris is working on a MegaBio goal. Mega because it’s a big goal – develop a fully

November 25, 2019 Read Full Article

Neste Opens an Office in Melbourne, Australia

(Neste) Neste, the world’s leading provider of renewable diesel and the 3rd most sustainable company in the world*, strengthens its footprint

November 22, 2019 Read Full Article

A Planet on Fire: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Red Rock Biofuels’ Call to Action for Aviation Industry

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  “Facing catastrophic problems with the immediacy of wildfire and the sinister creeping of climate change is

November 21, 2019 Read Full Article

Velocys Fulfils Order for Biorefinery Project in Japan

(Velocys) Velocys plc (VLS.L) is pleased to announce that it has constructed and now delivered Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactors and catalyst to

November 19, 2019 Read Full Article

Etihad and Boeing Unveil the ‘Etihad Greenliner’, to Explore ‘Blue Sky’ Opportunities to Cut CO2 Emissions

(Etihad Airways) Etihad Airways and Boeing today announced a first-of-its-kind ‘eco partnership’, in which a specially-themed Boeing 787 Dreamliner will

November 19, 2019 Read Full Article

Better Biofuels with Biomass: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Axens and the BioTfueL Project

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  BioTfueL, originally launched by Total, is a project to produce biofuels via thermochemical conversion and

November 19, 2019 Read Full Article

Like Fine Wine, Smellin’ Fine: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Anellotech’s Aromatics

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Fine wine takes time but it’s so worth it when you gather that first aroma

November 18, 2019 Read Full Article

Gevo Enters into a Fuel Sales Agreement with Scandinavian Airline System for Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(Gevo)  Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ: GEVO), a leading renewable fuels and chemicals manufacturer, announced today it has signed a Fuel Sales

November 15, 2019 Read Full Article

Mitsui to Invest in Chinese Next-Generation Ethanol Producer and Promote SAF Production Business

(Mitsui)  Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (“Mitsui”, Head office: Tokyo, President and CEO: Tatsuo Yasunaga), has resolved to acquire an equity interest

November 15, 2019 Read Full Article

ANA Receives Passenger Jet via Delivery Flight Powered by Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(Biofuels International)  Japanese airline All Nippon Airways (ANA) has received its latest passenger aircraft from the US via a delivery

November 15, 2019 Read Full Article

Southern Hemisphere Spring Meetings in Brazil: Sugar, Ethanol, Biogas and Biodiesel—Whew!

by Cácia Pimentel* (Advanced Biofuels USA)   Brazilian Biofuels Market players have been busy in the past days, with various seminars

November 13, 2019 Read Full Article

ECB Group Hires UBS, Barclays as Financial Advisors for Large HVO Plant

by Marcelo Teixeira (Reuters) Brazil’s ECB Group said on Monday it has hired banks UBS and Barclays to act as financial

November 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Are We There Yet? No, Really, Mom, Are We There Yet?: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to the Latest SAF News from Airlines for America

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  What we need right now is CORSIA and “a significant infusion of sustainable aviation fuels,”

November 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Qantas Group to Slash Carbon Emissions

(Qantas Group)  The Qantas Group will reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 in a major expansion of the airline’s

November 12, 2019 Read Full Article

SHV Energy Joins KLM Corporate BioFuel Programme

(KLM)  Delft University of Technology extends its participation for two-year period  —  SHV Energy has joined the KLM Corporate BioFuel

November 12, 2019 Read Full Article

Air BP Promotes Sustainable Aviation Fuel at Industry Event, Expands Offering to Swedish Airport

(Biofuels International) Aviation fuel provider Air BP has highlighted the use of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) at the recent NBAA-BACE

November 12, 2019 Read Full Article

Renewable Fuels: Advancing European Market Uptake

by Vanessa Vivian Wabitsch (REVOLVE/BE Sustainable Magazine)  Discovering the world, working with people across the globe, commuting to work everyday

November 11, 2019 Read Full Article

Japanese Airline ANA Reduces Plastics Use, Implements Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(Biofuels International)  Japan-based airline ANA Holdings has announced a number of new commitments to reduce its environmental impact, including the

November 8, 2019 Read Full Article

Indonesia Seeks to Expand Green Fuel Production to 100% by 2022

by Nur Yasmin (Jakarta Globe) Djoko Siswanto, secretary general of the National Energy Committee, said Indonesia is developing green fuel as an

November 7, 2019 Read Full Article

North American Outlook on Biofuels Challenges and Opportunities

by Steve Hartig (Biofuels Digest) The North American biofuels market can be split into three main segments all of which have

November 6, 2019 Read Full Article

The Long Haul to Getting Aviation Biofuel off the Ground

by Angeli Mehta (Ethical Corporation) With the IPCC warning against growing crops for fuel, Angeli Mehta reports on how LanzaTech, SkyNRG

November 5, 2019 Read Full Article

ABLCNext Top 10 Takeaways – What Was the Industry Buzzing about in San Francisco?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  At ABLC Next last week, there was lots of buzz and tons of discussion about

November 5, 2019 Read Full Article

This Company Turns Emissions into Fuel

Article by Millie Dent; Video by Bryce Urbany & Deborah Brunswick (CNN) The world’s industrial sector — places like steel

November 4, 2019 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Hydrogen Fuel Cell Aircraft

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) As Hüseyin Turan Arat of İskenderun Technical University and Meryem Gizem Sürer observed in a recent

November 4, 2019 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2019 State of the Industry Address

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  It’s ABLC Week and the semi-annual State of the Industry Address was a highlight at

November 1, 2019 Read Full Article

Heard on the Floor at ABLC Next

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) USDA releases Report on the Bioeconomy:  The USDA released its Report on the Bioeconomy Imiplementation Framework. The

November 1, 2019 Read Full Article

Vertimass Selected by U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technology Office to Receive Up to $1.4 Million Award to Optimize Renewable Jet Fuel

(Vertimass/PR Newswire)  Vertimass to optimize renewable jet fuel blendstocks to maximize energy content and reduce emissions  —  Vertimass LLC announced today

October 31, 2019 Read Full Article

Just Announced at ABLCNEXT 2019: Energy Department Announces $14M Investment in Demonstration-Scale Integrated Biorefineries

(Department of Energy)Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) Selection for EERE Project Development for Pilot and Demonstration Scale Manufacturing of Biofuels, Bioproducts,

October 31, 2019 Read Full Article

The Race Is on to Repurpose Garbage

by Marc S. Reisch (Chemical & Engineering News)  Despite a spotty track record, companies keep trying to convert trash into

October 31, 2019 Read Full Article

United Airlines Pledges $40 Million to Further Decarbonize Commercial Air Travel

(United Airlines)  United Airlines today further strengthened its reputation as an aviation industry leader in environmental sustainability by committing $40 million

October 30, 2019 Read Full Article

The Race to Zero Emissions, er, Zero Carbon, er, Negative Carbon, er, Circular Economy, and the Whole Wacky Thing

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … Bioeconomy technologies can go carbon-negative, wind and solar can go to zero carbon, waste

October 28, 2019 Read Full Article

Fact Sheet: The Growth in Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Commercial Aviation — Part 1 of a Series on Airlines and Climate Change

by Jeff Overton (Environmental and Energy Study Institute) This fact sheet begins a series on commercial aviation, by examining the

October 25, 2019 Read Full Article

Pearson Fuels Partners with World Energy to Deliver An Advanced E85 Flex Fuel

(Pearson Fuels/PR Newswire) Leading Low-Carbon Fuel Providers Offer the Market’s First and Only Ethanol and Renewable Naphtha Blend —  Pearson Fuels,

October 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Green Shoots: After a Sluggish Decade, Is the Bioenergy Tide Turning?

by Gerard J. Ostheimer, Ph.D. (below50) and Douglas L. Faulkner (“the Clean Tech Conservative” / Leatherstocking LLC) (Biofuels Digest)  …  On

October 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative Taps School of Engineering Lab as First in Nation for Screening

by Shawn Robinson (University of Dayton News) The Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative has greenlighted the University of Dayton Heyne Energy

October 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Clean Getaway: Meat Waste Joins Biofuels at Luxury Jet Show

by Allison Lampert (Reuters/Financial Post) At the world’s biggest industry show in Las Vegas luxury jets are luring buyers with their

October 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Aircraft Fly Green to NBAA BACE on Avfuel’s Sustainable Aviation Fuel at AVFLIGHT Salina (KSLN)

(AvFuel)   Operators fueling at Avflight Salina helped further business aviation’s carbon neutrality goals by flying on Avfuel’s sustainable aviation fuel (SAF).

October 22, 2019 Read Full Article

OP-ED: Achieving Carbon Emission Reductions with Biofuels

by Pat Gruber (GEVO/American Energy Society) It’s a gaping hole in most conversations about fuel: what do we do about liquid transportation

October 21, 2019 Read Full Article

Turn! Turn! Turn!: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Neste and Its Transformation

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  To everything there is a season, goes the old Pete Seeger lyric, and the Book

October 21, 2019 Read Full Article

Biofuels That Could Be Made from Seawater

(University of Manchester/Phys.org)  Researchers from the University of Manchester are using synthetic biology to explore a more efficient way to

October 18, 2019 Read Full Article

EPA Approves RFS Fuel Pathway Filed by Texmark, Neste

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine) The U.S. EPA recently approved a Renewable Fuel Standard fuel pathway filed on behalf of Texmark

October 17, 2019 Read Full Article

4 Carbontech Companies Making Products from Thin Air

by Jim Giles (Green Biz Group)  … Each of these examples has developed a process that uses carbon dioxide to

October 17, 2019 Read Full Article

Puget Sound Unveils New Regional Low Carbon Fuel Standard COMMENTS DUE: January 6, 2020

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) From Washington state we have news that the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency has issued its

October 17, 2019 Read Full Article

VALCORA Bolsters Fuel Emission Offsetting in Collaboration with Shell Aviation

(Aviation Pros/VALCORA)  All Shell Aviation fuels sold through the VALCORA digital fuel purchasing platform will be carbon neutral1, meaning that

October 16, 2019 Read Full Article

EU Parliament Unfazed by Trade Fight over Palm Biofuel Phase-Out

by Hans Nicholas Jong (Mongabay.com/Eco-Business) A European member of parliament says the bloc isn’t concerned about threats by Indonesia and Malaysia

October 15, 2019 Read Full Article

The Market for Sustainable Kerosene Needs the Quota

(aireg e.V.)  On the occasion of the international aireg conference on sustainable aviation fuels in Berlin on October 17th and

October 15, 2019 Read Full Article

Catch & Kill: The Velocys, Oxy, Cemvita, Carbon Engineering, BHP, Ginkgo Chase to Catch Waste, Kill Emissions, Armed with New Organisms to Liberate Value

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Mississippi, Velocys’ Bayou Fuels project has signed with Oxy Low Carbon Ventures to capture

October 11, 2019 Read Full Article

The 10 Most Overlooked Stories in the Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This is such Top Secret stuff that every announcement was, we surmise, buried in the hardest-to-find

October 9, 2019 Read Full Article

Gevo Supplies Avfuel with Sustainable Aviation Fuel for Aircraft Headed to the Business Aviation Convention & Exhibition in Las Vegas, NV

(Gevo/Globe Newswire) Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ: GEVO) a leading renewable fuels and chemicals manufacturer, announced today it has supplied sustainable aviation fuel

October 8, 2019 Read Full Article

KLM and Microsoft Join Forces to Advance Sustainable Air Travel

(KLM) Today KLM and Microsoft signed a Letter of Intent in Washington to explore cooperation focused on sustainable air travel.

October 8, 2019 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Commercializing Conventional and Advanced Transport Biofuels from Biomass and Other Renewable Feedstocks

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Several of the better known IEA Bioenergy rock stars — there are four and possibly

October 8, 2019 Read Full Article

Finnair’s Passenger Biofuel Purchase Initiative Takes off with First SAF Flights from San Francisco

(GreenAir Online) Following its ‘Push for change’ initiative launched earlier this year, Finnair has used sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) on two

October 7, 2019 Read Full Article

California Start-up ZeroAvia Plans Hydrogen-Fuelled, Zero-eEmissions Commercial Flights by 2022

(GreenAir Online) Silicon Valley start-up ZeroAvia claims its hydrogen-fuelled electric powertrain could be ready for zero-emission, 500-mile commercial regional flights capable

October 7, 2019 Read Full Article

UK Government’s Climate Advisers Suggest a Pathway towards Net-Zero Aviation Emissions by 2050

(GreenAir Online) Emissions from international aviation and shipping must be included in the country’s net-zero emissions by 2050 climate target, says

October 7, 2019 Read Full Article

Climate Change Measures Progress at ICAO Assembly

(Air Transport Action Group) Governments meeting at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 40th Assembly in Montreal have supported the prioritisation

October 7, 2019 Read Full Article

AirAsia Keen on Introducing Biofuel-Powered Flights

by Rahimi Yunus (Malaysian Reserve)  CEO says R&D into aviation biofuels requires studies on how the alternative fuel burns compared to

October 4, 2019 Read Full Article

Board Now Leads the Way towards Sustainable Flying

(Board Now)  Launch of SkyNRG’s ground-breaking program paves the way to sustainable aviation; 85 per cent reduction of emissions as

October 4, 2019 Read Full Article

Velocys Wins $0.5 Million Order in Japan for Fischer-Tropsch Technology

(Biofuels International) Velocys has secured a purchase order and technical service agreements with Toyo Engineering (Toyo) for its biomass-to-jet fuel

October 3, 2019 Read Full Article

Neste and Lufthansa Collaborate and Aim for a More Sustainable Aviation

(Neste) Neste, the world’s leading renewable fuel producer, and Lufthansa, one of the leading airlines in Europe, strengthen their collaboration regarding

October 3, 2019 Read Full Article

Engineering Thermophiles to Produce Drop-in Fuels from Syngas: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Syngas Bioprocess

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Drop-in fuels from syngas are in. Syngas feedstocks are relatively inexpensive and diverse, thermophiles have several

October 3, 2019 Read Full Article

$73 Million, 35 Projects, Who Won, for What and Why: The DOE Bioenergy Technologies Office 2019 Project Selections

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Washington, the U.S. Department of Energy has selected 35 projects totaling $73 million for bioenergy

October 2, 2019 Read Full Article

Synthetic Fuels Could Shrink Carbon Footprint

by Vicky Just (University of Bath/Phys.org)  Synthetic fuels, made using carbon captured from the air, farm waste or biomass, could

October 1, 2019 Read Full Article

Expander, Vanderwell to Build Canada’s First Biomass/Gas to Liquids Plant

(Expander Energy/Canadian Biomass Magazine) Expander Energy Inc. is pleased to announce that it has entered into a letter of intent (LOI) with Vanderwell

September 27, 2019 Read Full Article

Over 200,000 Commercial Flights Using Low-Carbon Fuel Show an Energy Transition Is Possible

(Air Transport Action Group) As the world’s aviation community gathers in Montreal for the 40th session of the International Civil Aviation

September 26, 2019 Read Full Article

Air Transport a Key Sector in Supporting Sustainable Development Globally

(Air Transport Action Group) Organisations from across the air transport sector today reminded governments of the important role that air transport

September 26, 2019 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Stephanie Mercier

Supporters of the US biofuels industry should not ignore markets in addition to cars, light trucks, and commercial trucks as

September 26, 2019 Read Full Article

Prospects for Biofuels Use by Other Transportation Modes

by Stephanie Mercier (Farm Journal AgWeb)  … While supporters of the U.S. biofuel industry will no doubt continue to advocate

September 26, 2019 Read Full Article

It’s MAGIC!: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Algae’s Pivotal Role

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Some people believe in magic and some don’t but MAGIC is real in this case –

September 26, 2019 Read Full Article

Delta Invests $2 Million to Investigate Potential Biofuel Production Facility

(Biofuels International)  US airline Delta Air Lines has announced it will invest $2 million (€1.8 million) to carry out a

September 25, 2019 Read Full Article

Protests against International Aviation Emissions Strategy

(Stay Grounded Network/Biofuelwatch)   Planned protests in Montreal at International Aviation Assembly (24th of September to 4th of October) // New

September 25, 2019 Read Full Article

Biofuel Planes May Fly 10 Crore Passengers by 2030

(The Hindu) India has committed to fly 10 crore passengers on biofuel-propelled planes by 2030, SpiceJet’s chairman and managing director, Ajay

September 24, 2019 Read Full Article

Aviation Industry Encourages Long-Term Climate Action from Governments

(Air Transport Action Group)  The aviation industry, alongside environmental groups, will request governments to set a timeframe for agreement on a

September 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Neste Opens an Office in Shanghai, China

(Neste)  Neste opens an office in Shanghai and starts renewable raw material sourcing operations in China. “Neste is the 3rd most

September 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Ethanol Facility Hosts Boeing Presentation on Sustainable Aviation Fuels

(Advantage News)  The NCERC at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville hosted a presentation from The Boeing Company’s Joe Ellsworth, regional director of

September 19, 2019 Read Full Article

SAS Offers Passengers Option to Purchase Biofuel

(Flight Global)  Scandinavian operator SAS is offering passengers the opportunity to purchase biofuel as part of the airline’s sustainability strategy. The initiative

September 18, 2019 Read Full Article

Delta Invests $2 Million for Study of Potential Facility to Produce Biofuel from Forest Floor Debris

(Delta News Hub)  Commitment will fund exploration for the establishment of a sustainable biofuel refinery in Washington State. —  As part

September 18, 2019 Read Full Article

Replacing the Barrel: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Conversion Technologies

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Developing efficient and economical biological and chemical technologies to convert biomass feedstocks into energy-dense liquid transportation fuels,

September 18, 2019 Read Full Article

Gevo Successfully Secures Renewable Electricity for its Biofuel Production Processes

(Gevo/Globe Newswire)  Electricity from Wind Turbines will Power Gevo’s Agri-Energy Luverne Facility — Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ: GEVO) a leading renewable fuels

September 16, 2019 Read Full Article

Hopes High Red and White Catalyst Will Boost Biofuel Production

(The Jakarta Post/Portal Macaúba)  Coordinating Economic Minister Darmin Nasution has urged researchers to complete a study on a new chemical catalyst

September 11, 2019 Read Full Article

The Advanced Bioeconomy Report Q2 2019 Earnings: The Year of Living Endangeredly

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In hand we now have the latest earnings reports from what you might call the 8

September 3, 2019 Read Full Article

Planes, Trains and (Big) Automobiles: How Heavy Transport Can Reduce Emissions and Save Money

by Faustine Delasalle and Delger Erdenesanaa (World Resources Institute)  … But without breakthroughs in battery technology, long-distance shipping and aviation

September 1, 2019 Read Full Article
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Brunswick Newfoundland new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds NTSB nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol off-take agreements Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins olive cake olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peaches peak oil peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot scale pine pineapple pine beetle pine nut pinion pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poland Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter power-to-gas power-to-liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propanol property insurance protectionism protein protests public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week R33 rabbits race radiata pine Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rainforest RAND rare earth metal RD20 RD30 RD99 RD100 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming regulations Regulations-Federal 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(RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion retail retrofit return on investment R Factor RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island Ricardo rice rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rotation crops royalties RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass s saccharification Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC SAK sales Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar sal tree salt water Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy Scotland scum sea level rise seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed-to-wheel seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil sheep shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smokestack soap social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar-to-fuels solar biofuels solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solid oxide fuel cell Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soybean prices soybeans soy meal Spain spartina specifications sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve straw students sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel Sugar Beets/Energy Beets sugar cane sugar cane prices sugar cane straw Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugars sugars-to-fats sugar standards sulfur Sumatra sunflower supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweetgum sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas syngas fermentation synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic methane Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree Tamarix tank-to-wheel tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination 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